Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina darzana meM hetu lakSaNa dharmacanda jaina * bhAratIya darzana meM jahA~ anumAna pramANa kI carcA hai vahA~ hetu kI bhI carcA hai / hetu zabda kA prayoga jainAgamoM meM pramANa ke artha meM bhI huA hai', kintu yahA~ nyAyazAstra meM prayukta usa prasiddha hetu kI carcA kI jAyegI, jo sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai / bhAratIya darzana meM hetu ke sthAna para liMga, sAdhana, vyApya, gamaka Adi zabdoM kA bhI prayoga hotA rahA hai / tu ko sAdhya kA gamaka svIkAra karane meM dArzanikoM ke madhya koI vivAda nahIM hai kintu hetu ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa karane ke saMbaMdha meM tIna paramparAyeM haiM - 1. trairUpya paramparA, 2. pyaca rUpya paramparA, tathA 3. jaina evaM mImAMsaka paramparA / yadyapi inake atirikta dvirUpa 2 SaDrUpa' evaM saptarUpa hetu kA pratipAdana karane vAlI paramparAoM ke bhI saMketa prApta hote haiM kintu ye paramparAeM itanI prasiddha na ho sakIM jitanI trairUpya, pAMcarUpya eva avinAbhAvitva mAtra kA pratipAdana karane vAlI paramparAyeM prasiddha huIM / trairUpya paramparA - isa paramparA meM hetu ke tIna rUpa athavA usakI tIna vizeSatAyeM mAnI gaI haiM - pakSadharmattva, sapakSasattva / evaM vipakSasattva / isa paramparA ke pratipAdaka haiM-vaizeSika, sAMkhya evaM bauddha / vaizeSikadarzana meM usI hetu ko anumeya kA anumApaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jo pakSa-dharmatva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSavyAvRtti rUpoM se yukta ho, jaisAki prazastapAda ( 5vIM sadI) ne kahA hai arthAt jo liMga anumeya se sambaddha ho, sapakSa meM prasiddha ho na ho vahI anumeya kA anumApaka hotA hai / yathA 'parvata meM agni hai, 4. yadanumeyena sambaddhaM prasiddhaM ca tadanvite / tadabhAve ca nAstyeva talliMgamanumApakam // 5 5. * zikSaka zodhArthI ( TIcara risarca phelo ), saMskRta vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura / pA0 vi0 zodha saMsthAna svarNa jayantI adhivezana meM puraskRta lekha 1. 2. 3. hetubindu, pR0 68 evaM hetubinduTIkA pRSTha 205 ( gAyakavADa oriyanTala sirIja, bar3audA ) SaDlakSaNo heturityapare / trINi caitAni abAdhitaviSayatvaM vivakSitaka saMkhyatvaM jJAtatvaM ca / nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa ( vAdirAjakRta ) 255, pRSTha 178-180 tathA vipakSa meM vidyamAna kyoMki vahA~ dhUma hai" isa sthAnAMgasUtra -'heU caubvihe pannatte taM jahA - paccakkhe anumAna uname Agame" sUtra 338 nyAyavArtika, 1-1-34 yathA - " anyathAnupapannatvAdibhizcatubhiH pakSadharmatvAdibhizca saptalakSaNo heturiti trayeNeti kim / " prazastapAdabhASyam -- anumAnaprakaraNa
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina darzana meM hetu lakSaNa anumAna vAkya meM parvata "pakSa" hai, agni "sAdhya" hai tathA dhUma "hetu" hai| dhUma hetu, pakSa ta meM vidyamAna hai, "sapakSa" mahAnasa Adi meM prasiddha hai tathA vipakSa jalAzaya Adi meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai ataH trairUpyavAn hone ke kAraNa dhUma hetu agni rUpa sAdhya kA gamaka hai| __ vaizeSikoM ke samAna sAMkhyadarzana meM bhI hetu ke trirUpatva kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, kintu sAMkhyadarzana meM isakI vizeSa carcA nahIM hai| hetu ke trirUpatva kI sarvAdhika prasiddhi bauddhadarzana meM huii| bauddhoM ne hetu ke rUpya para jitanA vizada evaM vistRta prarUpaNa kiyA utanA bhAratIya darzana meM anyatra nahIM huaa| diGnAga (480-540) athavA unake ziSya zaMkarasvAmI praNIta "nyAyapraveza' meM trairUpya kA pratipAdana karate hue kahAhai "hetu strirUyam-kiM punastrairUpya, pakSadharmatvaM, sapakSe sattvaM, vipakSe cAsattvamiti / 2 mahAn bauddha naiyAyika dharmakIrti ( 7vIM sadI) trirUpatA meM saMbhAvita doSoM kA nirAkaraNa karane hetu avadhAraNArthaka 'eva' zabda kA bhI yathAsthAna prayoga karate hue 'nyAyabindu' meM kahate haiM-trairUpyaM puliGgasyAnumeye sattvameva, sapakSa eva sattvamasapakSe cAsattvameva nizcitam'3 arthAt liMga anumeya (pakSa ) meM hotA hI hai, sapakSa meM hI hotA hai tathA vipakSa ( asapakSa ) meM hotA hI nahIM hai| ye tInoM rUpa jisameM nizcita hoM vahI liMga hai| hetu kI trirUpatA kA nirUpaNa tIna hetvAbhAsoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie kiyA gayA hai| pakSadharmatva ke dvArA "asiddha" sapakSa sattva ke dvArA "viruddha evaM vipakSAsattva ke dvArA "anekAntika ( vyabhicArI) hetvAbhAsa kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| vaizeSika darzana meM anekAMtika ke sthAna para "saMdigdha' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai|" pAMcarUpya paramparA pAMcarUpya paramparA ke prastAvaka evaM samarthaka gautamIya naiyAyika ( udyotaka 6ThIM zatI) ke pUrva pAMcarUpya kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| pAMcarUpya haiM-pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva, vipakSAsattva, abAdhitaviSayatva evaM astprtipksstv| nyAya-paramparA meM hetu ko dvilakSaNa evaM trilakSaNa bhI mAnA gayA hai|6 sAdhya meM vyApaka tathA udAharaNa meM vidyamAna hone se use dvilakSaNa tathA anudAharaNa arthAt vipakSa meM avidyamAna hone se use trilakSaNa kahA gayA hai, 4. 1. sAMkhyakArikA-mATharavRtti kA. 5 2. nyAyapraveza, gAyakavADa oriyanTala sirIja, bar3audA, pR0 1 3. nyAyabindu, 214 hetostriSvapi rUpeSu nirNayastena varNitaH / asiddha viparItArtha vyabhicArivipakSataH |--prmaannvaartik, bauddha bhAratI saM0 3 / 15 viparItamato yatsyAdekena dvitayena vaa| viruddhAsiddha saMdigdhamalligaM kAzyapo'bravIt ||-prshstpaadbhaassy, anumAna prakaraNa nyAyavArtika ( udyotakara ) 111 / 34 evaM 11115 DaoN darabArIlAla koThiyA ne ise uddhata kiyA hai-"jaina tarkazAstra meM anumAna vicAra", pR0 190
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 62 dharmacaMda jaina kintu nyAyadarzana meM paMcalakSaNa hetu ko sthAna milane ke pazcAt dvilakSaNa evaM trilakSaNa paramparA lupta sI ho gayI / yahI nahIM apitu bauddhadarzana sammata vairUpya meM avyApti doSa dikhalAkara usakA khaMDana bhI kiyA gayA hai / " nyAyadArzanikoM kA mAnanA hai ki hetu pratyakSa evaM Agama se bAdhita bhI nahIM honA cAhie tathA usakA koI pratipakSI hetu bhI nahIM honA cAhiye / ina pA~ca rUpoM kA pratipAdana ve pA~ca prakAra ke hetvAbhAvoM kA nirAkaraNa karane hetu karate haiM / bauddhoM ke dvArA sammata hetvAbhAsoM ke atirikta ye kAlAtyayApadiSTa hetvAbhAsa kA abAdhitaviSayatva dvArA tathA prakaraNa hetvAbhAsa kA asatpratipakSatva dvArA nirAkaraNa karate haiM / paMcalakSaNa hetu se hI parokSa sAdhya kA jJAna hotA hai, aisA jayantabhaTTa ( 9vIM zatAbdI ) ne "nyAyamaMjarI" meM pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai paMcalakSaNakAlliMgAd gRhItAnniyamasmRteH / parokSe liMgini jJAnamanumAnaM pracakSate // arthAt paMcalakSaNa hetu ke gRhIta hone se vyApti niyama kI smRti hotI hai tathA usase jo parokSa liMgI arthAt sAdhya kA jJAna hotA hai use anumAna kahate haiM / nyAyadarzana meM hetu ke tIna prakAra haiM-anvayavyatirekI, kevalAnvayI evaM kevalavyatirekI / unameM mAtra anvayavyatirekI hetu meM hI paMcarUpa hote haiM / kevalAnvayI evaM kevalavyatirekI hetu meM cAra rUpa hI pAye jAte haiM kyoMki kevalAnvayI hetu meM vipakSAsattva tathA kevalavyatirekI hetu meM sapakSasattva rUpa upalabdha nahIM hote / mImAMsaka mata-mImAMsAdarzana meM trairUpya, pAMcarUpya Adi kA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA gayA / vahA~ to hetu ko niyAmya ( vyApya ) tathA sAdhya ko niyAmaka ( vyApaka ) kahakara unameM vyApti kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, jisase dArzanikoM kA koI virodha pratIta nahIM hotA hai / jaina mAnyatA jainadarzana meM hetu ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa sarvathA anUThA hai / isameM hetu kA eka lakSaNa aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura vaha hai, usakA sAdhya ke sAtha nizcita avinAbhAva / 1 jaina dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva athavA anyathAnupapatti hI hetu kA ekamAtra lakSaNa hai / yadi hetu meM avinAbhAvitva hai to vaha trairUpya evaM pAMcarUpya ke abhAva meM bhI sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai aura yadi usameM avinAbhAvitva nahIM hai to vairUpya evaM pAMca rUpaya ke hone para bhI sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotA / 1. 2. 3. udayana evaM jayantabhaTTa kI racanAoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai syAdvAdaratnAkara, bhAga 3, pR0 523 para uddhRta sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetu:, parIkSAmukha 3 / 11
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina darzana meM hetu lakSaNa rUpya nirAsa evaM avinAbhAvitva samarthana rUpya kI nirarthakatA siddha karate hue jaina dArzanikoM ne eka udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai-"garbhastha maitrItanaya zyAma varNa hogA, maitrI kA putra hone se, usake anya putroM ke smaan"| usa udAharaNa meM vidyamAna "maitrIputratvAt" hetu garbhastha putra pakSa meM vidyamAna hai| maitrI ke anya putra rUpa sapakSa meM vidyamAna haiM tathA anya strI ke gauravarNa putra rUpa vipakSa meM vidyamAna nahIM hai| isa prakAra isa hetu meM pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva tInoM rUpa vidyamAna haiM tathApi yaha sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAvI nahIM hone ke kAraNa sahetu nahIM hai, hetvAbhAsa hai|' bauddha dArzanika bhI isa hetu ko sAdhya ke sAtha pratibaMdha athavA avinAbhAva yukta na hone ke kAraNa hetvAbhAsa mAnate haiM jaisA ki dharmottara (7vIM-8vIM zatAbdI ) ke kathana se jJAta hotA hai- "tathA ca sati sa zyAmaH tatputratvAd dRSyamAnaputravad iti tatputratvaM hetuH syAt / tasmAn niyamavatorevAnvayavyatirekayoH prayogaH kartavyo yena pratibandho gamyeta sAdhanasya sAdhanena / ' isIliye dharmakIrti (7vIM zatI) ne avinAbhAva ke dyotaka "eva" zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai"vipakSe cAsattvameva nizcitam / " hetubindu prakaraNa meM bhI dharmakIrti ne avinAbhAva niyama ke abhAva meM hetuoM ko hetvAbhAsa kahA hai| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki ye pakSadharmatva Adi tIna rUpoM meM hI "eva" kA prayoga kara trividha hetu kI sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAvitA svIkAra karate haiN| nyAyadArzanika bhI "tatputratva" hetu ko aupAdhika saMbaMdha ke kAraNa hetvAbhAsa mAnate haiN| ye sAdhya ke sAtha liMga kA svAbhAvika sambandha hone para hI liMga ko sAdhya kA gamaka siddha karate haiN| svAbhAvika saMbaMdha kA artha hai vyApti / aura vaha vyApti jainadarzana meM prastuta "avinAbhAva" kA samAnArthaka zabda hai / jayantabhaTTa ne to spaSTa zabdoM meM paMca lakSaNa hetu meM avinAbhAva kA samApana kahA hai-"eteSu paMcalakSaNeSu avinAbhAvaH smaapyte|"5 1. jaisA ki kahA hai--sa zyAmastatputratvAd dRSTA zyAmA yathetare / iti lakSaNo heturna nizcitya pravartate // tattvasaMgraha (zAMtarakSita ) kArikA 1369-jaina dArzanika pAtrasvAmI ke mata ke rUpa meM prastuta / __ nyAyabindu TIkA 2-5 kI vyAkhyA, pR0 110, sAhitya bhaMDAra, meraTha prakAzana pakSadharmastadaMzena vyApto hetustridhaiva saH / avinAbhAvaniyamAt hetvAbhAsAstato'pare ||-hetubindu prakaraNa pR0 52 evaM pramANavArtika 3.1 svAbhAvikazca sambandho vyAptiH, tarkabhASA anumAnanirUpaNa, pR0 76 ( vizvezvara siddhAMtaziromaNi saMpAdita ), caukhambhA saMskRta saMsthAna, 1977 I0 saM0 vAcaspatimizra ne bhI nyAyavArtikatAtparya TIkA meM kahA hai-yadyapyavinAbhAvaH paMcaSu caturSa vA liMgasya samApyata ityavinAbhAvenaiva sarvANi liMgarUpANi saMgRhyante-nyAyavArtikatAtparya TIkA 1 / 1 / 5, pR0 148
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dharmacaMda jaina ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva ke binA hetu sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotA / yadi avinAbhAva hai evaM trairUpya nahIM hai to bhI hetu sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai yathA- " eka muhUrta ke anaMtara zakaTa nakSatra kA udaya hogA, kyoMki abhI kRttikA nakSatra kA udaya huA hai" isa anumAna vAkya meM kRttikodaya hetu zakaTodaya sAdhya kA gamaka hai / yahA~ isameM pakSasattva, sapakSasattva evaM vipakSAsattva rUpa trirUpatA kA abhAva hai tathApi jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra kRttikodaya kI zakaTodaya ke sAtha pUrvacara rUpa meM kramabhAva avinAbhAvitA hai / " ataH kRttikodaya zakaTodaya kA gamaka hai / isa prakAra avinAbhAvitva hI pradhAna lakSaNa hai / usake abhAva meM trirUpatA Adi kA kathana vyartha hai, isIlie jaina naiyAyika pAtrasvAmI ne trilakSaNadarzana graMtha meM prabala zabdoM meM kahA hai 64 anyathAnupapannatva zabda avinAbhAvitva kA hI paryAya hai / jahA~ anyathAnupapannatva hai vahA~ pakSa dharmatva Adi rUpatraya se kyA prayojana ? tathA jahA~ anyathAnupapannatva nahIM hai vahA~ bhI rUpaya nirarthaka hai / jaina dArzanika pAtrasvAmI dvArA kI gayI yaha AlocanA bhAratIya dArzanika jagat meM khalabalI paidA kara gayI isalie na kevala jaina dArzanikoM ne isa kArikA ko apane nyAyagraMthoM meM uddhRta kiyA hai apitu zAMtarakSita jaise bauddha naiyAyikoM ko bhI apanI lekhanI pAtrasvAmI ke isa kathana ko uddhRta karane hetu uThAnI pdd'ii| pAMcarUpya nirAsa - trairUpya ke samAna pAMcarUpya bhI jaina dArzanikoM dvArA anupapanna ThaharAyA gayA hai / yathA "yaha dhUma agnijanya hai, sattva hone ke kAraNa pUrvopalabdha dhUma ke samAna isa vAkya meM "sattva " hetu pakSIkRta dhUma meM vidyamAna hai, pUrvadRSTa dhUma rUpa sapakSa meM vidyamAna hai, vipakSa meM avidyamAna hai, dhUma kA agni se utpanna honA pratyakSa evaM anumAna se bhI bAdhita nahIM hai tathA dhUma kA agni ke abhAva meM utpanna hone kA sAdhaka pratipakSI hetu bhI avidyamAna hai, isa prakAra pA~ca rUpa vidyamAna hai tathApi sattvAt " hetu kA sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva nahIM hai isalie yaha hetu dhUma ke agnijanyatvarUpa sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM, phalataH hetvAbhAsa hai / isalie vidyAnanda ne pAtrasvAmI kA anusaraNa karate hue pAMcarUpya kI khaNDana vidhAyinI kArikA kA nirmANa kiyA hai anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim // 1. mANikyanandi ne do prakAra kA avinAbhAva batalAyA hai-- sahabhAva evaM kramabhAva / yathA-sahakramabhAvaniyamo'vinAbhAvaH - parIkSAmukha, 3|16 isa grantha kA ullekha anantavIryakRta siddhivinizcaya TIkA 6 / 2, pR0 371-72 meM huA hai / draSTavya tattvasaMgrahakArikA, 1368 syAdvAdaratnAkara, bhAga 3, pR0 525 2. 3. 4.
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina darzana meM hetu lakSaNa anyathAnupapannatvaM rUpaiH kiM paMcabhiH kRtam / nAnyathAnupapannatvaM rUpaH kiM paMcabhiH kRtam // ' yadi sAdhya ke sAtha hetu kA anyathAnupapannatva nizcita hai to pA~carUpya ke abhAva meM bhI kRttikodaya hetu zakaTodaya sAdhya kA gamaka ho jAtA hai tathA anyathAnupapannatva nahIM hai to sattvAt hetu ke samAna pA~carUpya bhI nirarthaka hai / jaina hetu lakSaNa niSkarSataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAvitva hue binA hetu sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotaa| hetu ko paribhASita karate hue jaina dArzanikoM ne sarvatra yahI pratipAdita kiyA hai / siddhasena (5vIM zatI) racita nyAyAvatAra meM kahA gayA hai- anyathAnupapannatvaM hetolakSaNamIritam, arthAt hetu kA lakSaNa anyathAnupapannatva hai / prasiddha jaina naiyAyika akalaMka (8vIM zatI) ne kahA hai-"sAdhanaM prakRtA'bhAve'nupapannatvam" 3 arthAt sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu kA honA anupapanna hai| ve svayaM pramANasaMgraha kI vRtti meM isakI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM-"sAdhyArthA' sambhavAbhAvaniyamanizcayaikalakSaNo hetuH" arthAt sAdhya artha ke abhAva meM jisakA abhAva honA nizcita hai aisA eka lakSaNa vAlA hetu hai| bhadra kumAranandi ke hetu lakSaNa ko vidyAnanda ne uddhata kiyA hai--anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNaM liMgamaMgyate / hetu lakSaNa kI yahI saraNi mANikyanandi (11vIM zatI) evaM devasUri (12vIM zatI) dvArA bhI apanAyI gayI hai kintu ve akalaMka kI pramANasaMgraha vRtti kI bhA~ti nizcaya zabda kA bhI prayoga karate haiN| mANikyanandi ke zabdoM meM sAdhya ke sAtha jisakA avinAbhAvitva nizcita ho vaha hetu hai tathA devasUri ke zabdoM meM nizcita anyathAnupapatti rUpa eka lakSaNa vAlA hetu hai| hetulakSaNa kA hetu bhedoM meM sAmaMjasya-- jaina dArzanikoM ne hetu ke aneka bheda pratipAdita kiye haiN| mANikyanandi evaM devasUri 1. pramANaparIkSA; vIra sevA mandira TrasTa prakAzana, pR0 49 vidyAnanda ne pAMcarUpya hetu kA khaMDana karane hetu sa zyAmastatputratvAditastatputravata" udAharaNa diyA hai jo anya pAtrasvAmI Adi dArzanikoM ne trairUpya ke khaMDana meM prastuta kiyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pAtrasvAmI ke samaya taka pAMcarUpya paramparA ko vizeSa sthAna nahIM milA thA, ata: unake dvArA pAMcarUpya paramparA kA khaMDana nahIM kiyA gyaa| yadi kiyA jAtA to trairUpya khaMDana ke samAna vaha bhI uddhRta hotaa| nyAyAvatAra, 22 pramANasaMgrahakArikA-21 evaM nyAyavinizcayakArikA, 269 ( donoM akalaMkagranthatraya meM haiM ) 4. pramANaparIkSA, pR0 43, ( vIra sevA maMdira TrasTa ) 5. sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetuH, parIkSAmukha, 3 / 11 6. nizcitAnyathAnupapatyekalakSaNo hetu:----pramANanayatattvAloka, 3 / 11
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dharmacaMda jaina to kramazaH bAIsa' evaM paccIsa bhedoM kA pratipAdana karate haiM kintu akalaMka se prAraMbha kara devasUri taka jainadarzana meM jina viziSTa evaM navIna hetuoM kA pratipAdana huA hai, ve haiM-kAraNahetu, pUrvacarahetu, uttaracarahetu evaM sahacarahetu / ye cAroM nAma jaina dArzanikoM kI apanI upaja hai| 'kAraNahetu' prAcIna nyAyavaizeSika darzana meM kalpita pUrvavat hetu kA saMzodhita rUpa hai evaM pUrvacarahetu mImAMsA zlokavArtika meM kathita kRttikodaya hetu para AdhRta hai| tathApi ye jaina dArzanikoM dvArA balavattara rUpa meM prastuta evaM puSTa kiye gaye haiN| yahA~ vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki jaina dArzanikoM dvArA svIkRta hetu lakSaNa ina navIna hetuoM meM kahA~ taka sAmaMjasya biThAtA hai| kAraNa hetu kArya se kAraNa kA anumAna jitanA avyabhicarita dekhA jAtA hai, utanA kAraNa se kArya kA anumAna nhiiN|" kAraNa se kArya kA anumAna karanA vyabhicArayukta hotA hai| isIlie bauddha dArzanikoM ne kAraNa hetu ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| nyAya dArzanikoM ne bhI uttaravartI sAhitya meM ise mahattva nahIM diyA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne kAraNa hetu kI mAnyatA meM doSa to dekhA kintu use samApta nahIM karake use nirdiSTa banAne kA prayAsa kiyA phalataH aise kAraNa ko hetu kahA jo apratibaMdhaka sAmarthya se yukta ho arthAt vahI kAraNa hetu ho sakatA hai jisake dvArA kArya kI utpatti nizcita ho kintu isa hetu kI siddhi meM jina udAharaNoM ko prastuta kiyA jAtA hai ve sarvathA vyabhicAra mukta pratIta nahIM hote| yathA"astyatra chAyA chatrAt" arthAt 'yahA~ chAyA hai kyoMki chatra hai'| isa udAharaNa meM rAtri meM rakhe chatra se chAyA kA anamAna karanA tathA isI prakAra bAdaloM se varSA kA anumAna karanA vyabhicarita dekhA jAtA hai| ___kAraNa ke dvArA kArya kA anumAna karane meM athavA kAraNa ko hetu mAnane meM sabase bar3I bAdhA yaha khar3I khaDI hotI hai ki kAraNa kArya ke abhAva meM bhI raha sakatA hai jaba ki jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra hetu sAdhya ke abhAva meM nahIM rhtaa| ataH kAraNa ko hetu mAnane meM spaSTataH sAdhya ke sAtha nizcita avinAbhAvitA rUpa lakSaNa kA ullaMghana hotA hai jo vicAraNIya hai| pUrvacara hetu-pUrvacara kRttikA nakSatra ko uttaracara zakaTanakSatra ke udaya kA hetu mAnane meM bhI yahI doSa AtA hai| kRttikAnakSatra zakaTanakSatra ke udaya ke abhAva meM bhI udita ho sakatA hai| arthAt sAdhya zakaTodaya ke abhAva meM bhI hetu kRttikodaya dekhA jAtA hai| 1. parIkSAmukha, pari. 3; sUtra 53 se 89 2. pramANanayatattvAloka, 3154-109 3. kRttikodayamAlakSya rohiNyAsattiklaptivat- mImAMsAzlokavArtika, anumAnapariccheda, kArikA 13 draSTavya-prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga-2, pR0 389-399 evaM syAdvAdaratnAkara, bhAga-3, pR0 586-94 nAvazyaM kAraNAni kAryavanti bhavanti / 6. parIkSAmukha. 356
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina dharma meM hetu lakSaNa 67 uttaracara hetu-uttaracara hetu meM to phira bhI yaha doSa nahIM AtA hai kyoMki usameM sAdhya ke hone para hI hetu hotA hai, usake abhAva meM nahIM arthAt zakaTodaya hetu ke pUrva kRttikodaya sAdhya vidyamAna rahatA hai| sahacara hetu-sahajara vastuoM meM kauna sAdhya hai tathA kauna hetu, yaha nizcita nahIM rahatA hai, basa usakI sahacaritA ke kAraNa eka ke dvArA dUsare kA anumAna kara liyA jAtA hai| yathA Amraphala meM rUpa hai kyoMki rasa hai| isa udAharaNa meM rasa dvArA rUpa kA anumAna kiyA gayA hai kintu sahacaritA ke kAraNa rUpa dvArA rasa kA bhI anumAna kiyA jAnA saMbhava hai isa prakAra kauna sAdhya hai evaM kauna hetu, isa prakAra kI nizcitatA nahIM hotI hai tathApi eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kA abhAva dRSTigocara hone se ise hetu rUpa meM svIkAra karanA hetu lakSaNa se avyApta nahIM rhtaa| mANikyanaMdi ne yadyapi sahabhAva evaM kramabhAva rUpa se avinAbhAva ke do bheda karake sahabhAva avinAbhAva meM sahacara, vyApya evaM vyApaka hetuoM ko samAviSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai tathA kramabhAva avinAbhAva meM kArya, kAraNa, pUrvacara evaM uttaracara hetuoM ko samAyojita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / tathApi kAraNa evaM pUrvacara hetu meM isakI saphalatA sAdhyAvinAbhAvitva niyama kA apakathana kiye binA saMbhava nahIM hai| jaina dArzanikoM dvArA prastuta anyathAnupapannatva athavA avinAbhAvitva lakSaNa yadyapi jainetara dArzanikoM dvArA gRhIta vipakSavyAvRtti rUpa vyatireka se sAmya rakhatA hai tathApi jaina dArzanika isI eka lakSaNa dvArA anvaya evaM vyatireka donoM rUpoM kA grahaNa kara lete haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne sAdhyAvinAbhAvitva lakSaNa se tathopapatti rUpa bhI phalita kara liyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina darzana meM hetu prayoga do prakAra kA pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai-anyathAnupapatti evaM tathopapatti / ' sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu kA abhAva anyathAnupapatti prayoga hai| to sAdhya ke hone para hI hetu kA honA tathopapatti hai| yahA~ vizeSa jJAtavya yaha hai ki nyAyadarzana meM jahA~ anvaya prayoga meM hetu ke hone para sAdhya kA honA nizcita kiyA jAtA hai vahA~ jainadarzana meM tathopapatti prayoga meM sAdhya ke hone para hI hetu kA honA nizcita batalAyA jAtA hai| vyatireka prayoga evaM anyathAnupapatti prayoga meM pUrNa sAmya hai| 1. sahakramabhAva niyamo'vinAbhAvaH / sahacAriNoH vyApyavyApakayozca sahabhAva: pUrvottaracAriNoH kAryakAraNayozca krmbhaavH|- parIkSAmukha, 3 / 16, 17, 18 2. siddhasena, nyAyAvatAra kArikA 17-- __ "hetustathopapattyA vA prayogo'nyathApi vaa| dvidhAnyatareNApi sAdhyasiddhirbhavediti / / satye prmaannnytttvaalok-3|31"styev sAdhye hetorupapattistathopapattiH asati sAdhye hetoranupapatti revA'nyathAnupapattiH /