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________________ 7 jainadarzana meM dhvani kA svarUpa prAcIna jaina dArzanika sAhitya va taMtravijJAna dhvani ko kaNa svarUpa meM hI svIkAra karate haiM, itanA hI nahIM api tu unake raMga bhI unhoMne batAye haiM usake sAtha pazcima ke arvAcIna sAhitya meM bhI pazcima kI do tIna vyaktiyA~ ne dhvani ke varNa/raMga dekhe haiM aise saMdarbha prApta hote haiM / usI prakAra zrI azoka kumAra datta ko bhI isa prakAra kI prAkRtika dena hai / ve Aja bhI dhvani ke raMga ko pratyakSa dekha sakate haiM / jainadarzana dhvani ko pudgala paramANusamUha se niSpanna mAnatA hai, ataH pud gala paramANu ke pratyeka guNa sUkSma svarUpa meM dhvani meM bhI hote haiM / tattvA sUtra jainiyoM ke digaMbara va zvetAmbara sabhI ko mAnya hai, usameM spaSTa rUpa pudgala dravya va usake sUkSmatama avibhAjya aMza svarUpa paramANu meM varNa gaMdha, rasa aura sparza hone kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / ataH dhvani kA bhI varSA | jaise kisI atIndriya jJAnI puruSa dekha sakate haiM vaise anya kisI ko usake rasa yA gaMdha kA bhI anubhava ho sakatA hai / hAlA~ki, dhvani ke sparza ka anubhava to sabhI ko hotA hI hai aura Tepa rekaoNrDara, grAmophona kI rekaoNra ityAdi dhvani ke sparza se hI taiyAra hote haiM / bahuta tIvra dhvani ke sparza ka bhI hama saba ko spaSTa rUpa se anubhava hotA hai / usake bAre meM jyAdA kucha likhane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / jaina prAcIna paraMparA meM kucha viziSTa tapasviyoM ko tapa ke prabhAva viziSTa zaktiyA~ prApta hone kA nirdeza milatA hai / aisI zaktiyoM ko jai sAhitya meM labdhi kahA jAtA hai| zrI siddhacakramahApUjana nAmaka vidhi vidhA viSayaka graMtha meM ailI bhinna-bhinna 48 viziSTa labdhiyoM ke nAma pAye jAte haiM usameM saMbhinnasrotas nAmaka eka viziSTa hai / yaha labdhi jisako prApta hotI hai, vaha apanI kisI bhI eka indriya dvArA usase bhinna sabI cAroM indri dvArA prApta hone vAlA jJAna prApta kara sakatA hai / arthAt kevala sparzanendri se vaha dekha bhI sakatA hai, sugaMdha yA durgaMdha kA anubhava bhI kara sakatA zabda bhI suna sakatA hai, aura svAda bhI le sakatA hai / hAlAMki Aja yuga meM aisI viziSTa labdhi kI prApti honA asaMbhava lagatA hai / ataH kisa 38
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________________ ko aisI bAta meM zraddhA utpanna nahIM hotI hai / kintu usa kAraNa se aisI zaktiyA~ ho sakatI nahIM hai, aisA vidhAna karanA ucita nahIM hai / zrI azoka kumAra datta ko prApta dhvani ke varNa ko pratyakSa karane kI zakti bhI aisI hI viziSTa ajJAta labdhi ho sakatI hai / zrI datta kI yahI viziSTa zakti jaina karmavAda ke anusAra matijJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kSayopazama se prApta huI ho kyoM ki isI karma se pA~coM indriya va chaThe mana dvArA prApta jJAna kA AvaraNa hotA hai / arthAt yahI karma indriya pratyakSa jJAna meM bAdhaka hotA hai / | jaba isI karma kA AvaraNa AtmA ke Upara se dUra hotA hai taba sahajatA se hI indriya pratyakSa jJAna hotA hai / zrI datta ko hue saMskRta varNamAlA saMbaMdhita raMga kA anubhava aura prAcIna taMtra vijJAna ke graMthoM meM prApta saMskRta akSara ke raMga meM bahuta kucha sthAna para bhinnatA dikhAI par3atI hai / sAtha-sAtha taMtra vijJAna ke graMthoM meM bhI paraspara akSaroM ke varNa meM bhinnatA dikhAI par3atI hai / tathApi yaha saMdarbha itanA to siddha karatA hI hai ki prAcIna kAla ke RSi-muni va viziSTa ArAdhaka / tAMtrikoM ko dhvani ke raMga ke bAre meM anubhava hotA thA / brahmAMDa meM sabhI jagaha bhASA arthAt dhvani kI utpatti va prasAra kisa taraha hotA hai usako acchI taraha samajha lene kI AvazyakatA hai / isake bAre meM AcArAMga nAmaka pavitra jaina Agama ke dvitIya zrutaskaMdha / khaMDa ke cauthe bhASAjAta nAmaka prakaraNa meM batAyA hai ki bhASA ke cAra prakAra haiM / 1. utpattijAta : Age batAyI huI vargaNAoM meM se bhASA vargaNA meM jinakA | samAveza hotA hai vaise paramANu samUha ko jIva zarIra ke dvArA grahaNa karatA hai| | aura bhASA ke rUpa meM pariNata karake punaH bAhara nikAlatA hai usI paramANusamUha ko "utpattijAta" zabda kahA jAtA hai / 2. paryavajAta : uparyukta paddhati se bAhara nikale huye zabda ke paramANusamUha dvArA usake AsapAsa ke vizreNigata arthAt paMktibaddha na ho | aise bhASA vargaNA ke paramANusamUha ko TakarAkara usI paramANusamUha bhASA ke rUpa meM pariNata karate haiM / isa naye pariNata hue zabda ko paryavajAta zabda kahA jAtA hai / 3. antarajAta : prathama prakAra se pariNata huye zabda ke paramANusamUha jaba samazreNigata arthAt paMktibaddha Aye huye bhASA vargaNA ke paramANusamUha ko 39
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________________ TakarAkara zabda meM pariNata hokara usameM hI saMmilita ho jAte haiM taba usI zabda ko antarajAta zabda kahA jAtA hai / ___4. grahaNajAta : bAda meM jina-jina bhASA vargaNA ke paramANusamUha bhASA (zabda) meM pariNata huye haiM cAhe ve samazreNigata bhASA vargaNA ke paramANusamUha hoM yA vizreNigata bhASA vargaNA ke paramANusamUha hoM, usameM se kucheka paramANusamUha apane kAna ke chidra meM praveza karate haiM jinakI asara mastiSka ke zruti kendra para hotI hai, use grahaNajAta zabda kahA jAtA hai / ye paramANusamUha dravya se anaMta pradezAtmaka arthAt anaMta paramANu se yukta hote haiM / kSetra se asaMkhyAta pradezAtmaka arthAt asaMkhyAta AkAza pradeza meM rahane vAle hote haiM / kAla se asaMkhyAta samaya kI sthiti vAle hote haiM aura bhAva se bhinna bhinna prakAra ke varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza se yukta hote haiM / - isake alAvA vinA grahaNa kiye gaye bhASA rUpa meM pariNata paramANusamUha punaH visarjita hokara bhASA vargaNA ke mUla paramANusamUha meM yA anya prakAra ke paramANusamUha meM rUpAMtarita ho jAte haiM / dhvani kI zakti kA AdhAra Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra unakI kaMpasaMkhyA-AvRtti para hai / yadi kaMpasaMkhyA jyAdA ho to usameM jyAdA zakti hotI hai / yadi dhvani kI zakti kA saMgIta ke rUpa meM vyavasthita upayoga kiyA jAya to vaha bahuta upakAraka siddha ho sakatI hai / pudagala paramANu meM acintya zakti hai aisA svIkAra to Adhunika vijJAna bhI karatA hai / aMgrejI dainika da TAimsa oNpha inDiyA ke 3 sapTe., 1995, ravivAra kI pUrti meM | saMgIta ke bAre meM eka Alekha AyA thA | usameM spaSTa rUpa se batAyA gayA hai ki vAtAvaraNa / havA saMgIta ke suroM se zaktizAlI banatA hai / (Air is | charged with musical ions) hAlA~ki usI lekha meM lekhaka mahodaya ne pAzcAtya saMgIta ke popa saMgIta yA Disko saMgIta kA varNana kiyA hai tathApi usameM batAyA hai ki usI saMgIta ke daurAna kisI ko vAtAvaraNa meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke raMgIna AkAra nRtya karate hue dikhAI par3ate the / arthAt una logoM ko dhvani ke varNa kA sAkSAtkAra huA thA / saMgIta kI taraha maMtra vijJAna meM bhI dhvani kA viziSTa prayoga hotA hai 1 maMtra arthAt kisI nizcita kArya ke liye kisI deva yA devI se adhiSTita kisI mahApuruSa dvArA viziSTa zabdoM yA akSaroM ke saMyojana dvArA 40
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________________ lipi baddha kiyA gayA dhvani kA svarUpa / prAcIna kAla ke mahApuruSoM ne aise | viziSTa maMtroM ke nizcita artha arthAt viSayoM ko apanI atIndriya jJAnadRSTi se dekhe haiM aura ataeva zabda/maMtra ke aise viziSTa raMgoM ko dekhane vAle zrI azoka kumAra datta apane prAcIna RSi-munioM ke liye " maMtrArthadRSTA "| zabda kA prayoga karate haiM / maMtroccAraNa ke rahasya batAte hue zrI azoka kumAra datta apane anubhava kA varNana karate hue kahate haiM ki : "maMtroccAraNa meM va bhagavada nAma ke uccAraNa karate samaya bhUre va sapheda raMga kaNa samUha dekhe jAte haiM aura usase prANIoM kA zarIra puSTa hotA hai / usake sAtha-sAtha maMtroccAraNa se sUkSma zarIra prakAzapuMja kI camaka va tejasvitA baDha jAtI hai / ataeva bhagavadanAma japa va maMtroccAraNa kA vidhAna pUrNataH vaijJAnika hai usakA mujhe bhAna huA / " lepha. karnala sI. sI. bakSI apanI " vaizvika cetanA " kitAba meM maMtrajApa ke bAre meM likhate haiM ki pratyeka AvAja, dhvani yA zabda , usakA mAnasika yA vAcika uccAraNa hone para usa samaya nizcita rUpa meM spaMdana utpanna karate haiM / jaba hama vicAra karate haiM usa samaya bhI (apane mastiSka meM| zabda , dhvani kI aspaSTa utpatti hotI hai jise saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke niSNAta yA vaiyAkaraNa sphoTa kahate haiM aura) usa akSaroM kI nizcita AkRti apane mana ke samakSa bana jAtI hai / vartamAna meM pazcima meM maMtra, yaMtra va taMtra ke bAre meM viziSTa kahA jAya aisA anusaMdhAna calatA hai aura vibhinna kitAboM dvArA maMtra, yaMtra va taMtra ke rahasya vaijJAnika paddhati se prastuta kiye jAte hai | yaMtra vastutaH maMtra meM sthita akSaroM ke saMyojana se bane hue zabda kA AkRti svarUpa hai / thor3e hI sAla pahale iMglaiNDa se prakAzita eka aMgrejI kitAba Yantra dekhane ko milI / ( lekhaka : madhu khannA, prakAzaka : Thames Hudson) usameM ronAlDa nAmetha (Ronald Nameth) nAma ke eka vijJAnI ne TonoskaoNpa (Tonoscope) nAmaka eka vaijJAnika upakaraNa se ilekTronika vAIbrezana philDa (Electronic vibration [field) meM se zrIsukta ke dhvani ko prasArita kiyA aura usa dhvani kA zrIyaMtra kI AkRti meM rUpAMtara ho gayA / usakA sthira citra bhI diyA gayA hai / isakA artha yaha huA ki zrIyaMtra zrIsukta kA AkRti svarUpa hai / jisa
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________________ taraha grAmophona kI rekaoNrDa meM dhvani ko aMkita kiyA jAtA hai ThIka usI taraha kisI bhI maMtra ke dhvani ko usI sAdhana meM se prasArita karane para usakA AkRti svarUpa prApta ho sakatA hai / sAtha-sAtha kucheka logoM kA mAnanA hai ki jaise grAmophona kI rekaoNrDa meM se punaH dhvani kI prApti ho sakatI hai vaise yaMtrAkRti meM se punaH maMtra kI prApti ho sakatI hai / tathA jaise Adhunika bhautikI meM zakti kA pudgala (dravya kaNa) meM aura pudgala (dravya kaNa) kA zakti meM parivartana hotA hai vaise hI maMtra kA yaMtra meM aura yaMtra kA maMtra meM parivartana ho sakatA hai / ataeva yaMtra ke sthAna para maMtra aura maMtra ke sthAna para yaMtra rakhA jA sakatA hai / ___prAcIna kAla ke mahApuruSa svayaM jina maMtroM kI ArAdhanA karate hoMge. una maMtroM kA AkRti svarUpa arthAt yaMtroM ko unhoM ne svayaM apanI divya dRSTi se dekhA hogA yA to una maMtroM ke adhiSThAyaka devoM ne pratyakSa / prasanna hokara una maMtroM kA yaMtra svarUpa una sAdhakoM ko batAyA hogA, bAda meM una sAdhakoM ne usI svarUpa ko bhojapatra yA tADapatra para Alekhita kiyA hogA aura vaha paraMparA se apane pAsa AyA hai | __vastutaH yaMtra eka prakAra kA bhinna bhinna bhaumitika AkRtiyoM kA saMyojana hI hai / jaise-jaise bhinna-bhinna vyaMjana va svara ke saMyojana se maMtra niSpanna hotA hai vaise-vaise bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI bhaumitika AkRtiyoM ke saMyojana se yaMtra banate haiN| __ saMkSepa meM, jisa taraha maMtrajApa se iSTaphala siddhi hotI hai vaise hI yaMtra bhI iSTa phala kI siddhi kara sakatA hai kyoMki vaha bhI maMtra kA hI svarUpa hai / yaha hai dhvani kI adbhuta zakti / 42