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________________ jaina darzana meM bandha aura mokSa prophesara azoka kumAra jaina darzana mukhyataH eka AcArabAdI darzana hai| isakI mukhya samasyA bandhana aura mokSa kI samasyA hai| astitvavAdiyoM kI taraha yaha bhI duHkha-bodha se prArambha hotA hai| isake anusAra vartamAna jIvana bandhana kA jIvana hai aura isakA cihna hai-duHkha kI anubhUti / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anusAra, 'janma duHkha hai, jarA duHkha hai, roga duHkha hai, mRtyu duHkha hai', sArA saMsAra hI duHkhamaya hai jisameM vyakti phaMsA hai| jammaM dukkhaM, jarA dukkhaM, rogANi, mrnnaanniy| aho dukkho hu saMsAro, jattha kIsanti jntvo||' mahAvIra mAnate haiM ki apane svabhAva meM nahIM honA hI bandhana hai, aura svabhAva meM lauTa AnA hI mukti hai| duHkha kA anubhava hamAre vibhAva meM hone kA paricAyaka hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA svabhAvataH 'ananta-catuSTaya' yukta hai| usameM ananta darzana, ananta jJAna, ananta vIrya aura ananta Ananda hai / lekina hamArI vartamAna avasthA aisI nahIM hai| vartamAna avasthA meM hama duHkhI, nirbala, ajJAnI aura mUcchita haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki hamArI AtmA apanI svAbhAvika zaktiyoM kI abhivyakti meM sakSama nahIM hai| usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki AtmA kA pudgala ke sAtha saMyoga ho gayA hai| usakI zaktiyoM ko pudgala ne AvRtta kara rakkhA hai, jaise- sUrya kA prakAza bAdaloM se DhaMka jAtA hai / ataH AtmA ke sAtha pudagala kA saMyoga hI bandhana hai| isa saMyoga ke kAraNa AtmA apanA svarUpa kho detI hai aura pudgala ko hI apanA mAna baiThatI hai| phalasvarUpa pudagala ke guNa-dharma ko vaha apanA guNa-dharma samajha letI hai aura isI kAraNa bandhana utpanna hotA hai| pudgala vaha hai jo prakriyA meM hai (pUrayanti galanti ca) aura jahAM prakriyA hai vahAM vecainI aura duHkha hai| AtmA prakriyAtIta hai / usa tala para ananta zAnti aura Ananda hai, lekina pudgala ke sAtha tAdAtmya ho jAne ke kAraNa usakI svAbhAvika zaktiyAM DhaMka jAtI haiM, yadyapi naSTa nahIM hotiiN| ataeva AtmA meM mukti yA svabhAva lAbha kI saMbhAvanA sadA banI rahatI hai| prazna hai ki bandhana kyoM hotA hai? isake uttara meM jaina darzana kA mata hai ki ajJAna kI sthiti meM mamatva ke kAraNa karma karane se padagala kA saMgraha hotA hai jo AtmA se saMyojita hokara use AvRtta kara letA hai| ajJAna yA mUcchI kI sthiti meM svarUpa-bodha naSTa ho jAtA hai aura 'para' kI kAmanA evaM 'para' ke sAtha tAdAtmya hone lagatA hai| vyakti jaisI kAmanA karatA hai, usI ke anurUpa pudgaloM kA Asrava usakI ora hone lagatA hai jo antatogatvA AtmA ko bilkula DhaMka letA hai| isa kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki 'mUrchA hI parigraha hai|' maLa parigrahaH vahI bandhana kA kAraNa hai| ajJAna kI sthiti meM kiyA gayA karma jIva meM kaSAya kI utpatti karatA hai / kaSAya AtmA ke kalmaSa aura AtmA kI ve pravattiyAM haiM jo pudgala-kaNoM ko apanI ora AkRSTa karatI haiN| krodha, lobha, mAna aura mAyA ye cAra kaSAya haiM / jo AtmA ko bandhana meM DAlatI haiM / jaise-tela se bhIgA kapar3A dhUli kaNoM ko apanI ora AkRSTa karatA hai, usI prakAra kaSAyayukta AtmA pudagala kaNoM ko apanI ora AkRSTa karatI hai, aura isa prakAra pudgala kA saMyoga AtmA ke sAtha ho jAtA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra bandhana ke do stara haiM--(1) bhAvabandha aura (2) dravyabandha / bandhana kA Arambha pahale bhAva ke stara para hotA hai aura taba vAstava meM AtmA aura deha kA saMyoga ho jAtA hai / pahale AtmA meM ajJAna yA mUrchA ke kAraNa kisI vastu ke lie Asakti jAgatI hai yA bhoga-lAlasA kA udaya hotA hai, jisase jIva kA AkarSaNa bhautika padArtha kI ora hone lagatA hai aura taba pUdagala kaNoM kA Asrava jIva kI kAmanA ke anurUpa usakI ora hone lagatA hai, jisase vibhinna prakAra ke aMgopAMgoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| vyakti jIvana meM jo kucha 1. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 16/16 2. tatvArtha sUtra, 7/17 jaina darzana mImAMsA
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________________ bhI pAtA hai, vaha saba usake karmoM kA hI pariNAma hai / usakI sabhI zArIrika aura mAnasika kSamatAeM jIva kI pravRtti ke anurUpa hotI haiM / isa kAraNa jaina darzana meM kaI prakAra ke kamoM kI carcA hai| jaise nAmakarma, gotrakarma Akarma, mohanIyakarma, vedanIyakarma jJAnAvaraNIya karma ityAdi / vyakti jo zarIra prApta karatA hai yA usakI jo zArIrika aura mAnasika kSamatAeM hotI haiM, ve usake karma ke pariNAma haiN| vyakti kI Ayu usake 'Ayukarma' dvArA nirdhArita hotI haiM / usakA gotra usake 'gotrakarma' se nirdhArita hai / 'jJAnAvaraNIya' karma se usakA jJAna DhaMka jAtA hai / 'darzanAvaraNIya' karma se usakA darzana AvRtta ho jAtA hai| 'mohanIyakarma' se usameM moha utpanna hotA hai aura 'vedanIyakarma' se usameM sukha-duHkha kI vedanA hotI hai| isa prakAra jIvana meM jo kucha bhI ghaTatA hai, vaha jIvana ke apane karmoM kA hI pariNAma hai| mahAvIra kArya-kAraNa ke sArvabhauma siddhAnta meM vizvAsa karate haiN| ataH ve mAnate haiM ki vyakti ke jIvana meM jo bhI hotA hai, yaha Akasmika yA saMyogavaza nahIM, varan vyakti ke pUrva karmoM kA pariNAma hai / ataeva karma hI bandhana kA kAraNa hai / bhAva-baMdha kI avasthA meM kevala bhAvanA ke stara para bandhana hotA hai, jabaki dravya-bandha kI sthiti meM vAstava meM pudgala kA saMyoga AtmA ke sAtha ho jAtA hai / sAMkhya, vedAnta Adi kevala bhAva-bandha ko mAnate haiN| unake anusAra dravya-bandha nahIM hotA / AtmA kabhI vAstava meM bandhana meM par3atI hI nahIM hai, kyoMki svabhAva se vaha zuddha, buddha aura mukta yA saccidAnanda hai / parantu jaina darzana mukti ke sambandha meM vastuvAdI dRSTikoNa apanAtA hai / isa kAraNa yaha mAnatA hai ki vAstava meM AtmA aura pudgala kA saMyoga ho jAtA hai / jaina darzana bandhana ke cAra AyAma mAnatA hai| prakRti bandha, pradeza bandha, sthiti bandha aura anubhAga bandha / AtmA kI ora kaunakauna prakAra ke pudgala kaNa AkRSTa hoMge, use 'prakRti bandha' kahA jAtA hai / phira ye pudgala kaNa AtmA ke kisa pradeza meM saMyogita hoMge, ise 'pradeza bandha' kahate haiN| sAtha hI sAtha, pudgala kaNoM kA saMyoga AtmA ke sAtha kitane samaya taka hogA ise sthiti bandha' aura pudgala kaNoM kA AtmA para jo prabhAva par3atA hai, use 'anubhAga bandha' kahate haiM / prakRti baMdha, pradeza bandha tathA sthiti bandha kA nirdhAraNa 'kaSAya' ke dvArA hotA hai aura anubhAga bandha kA nirdhAraNa 'yoga' dvArA hotA hai| 'kaSAya' citta kI vRttiyAM haiM aura 'yoga' jor3ane kI AtmA kA kSamatA / kaSAya ke kAraNa vizeSa prakAra ke pudgala kaNoM kA Asrava AtmA kI ora hotA hai aura ve AtmA ke vibhinna pradezoM meM saMgaThita hote haiM tathA eka samaya vizeSa ke lie unakI sthiti rahatI hai| ye pudgala kaNa AtmA ke yoga ke kAraNa saMgaThita ho jAte haiM aura isa prakAra vibhinna AkRtiyoM aura kSamatAoM vAle deha kA nirmANa hotA hai aura bhautika vAtAvaraNa prApta hotA hai / isa prakAra pudgala ke jAla meM AtmA phaMsa jAtI hai ( sa rupAyatvAt jIvaH karmago yogyAn dgalAnAdate sa bandhaH ) / ' mokSa vicAra- cUMki pudgala kA AtmA ko DhaMka lenA bandhana hai, ataH pudgala kA AtmA se alaga honA mokSa hai isalie do prakriyAeM Avazyaka haiM-- 'saMvara' aura 'nirjarA' / pudgala kaNoM kA Asrava barAbara AtmA kI ora hotA rahatA hai tathA kucha pudgala-kaNa sthAyI rUpa se saMyukta ho gaye haiM, ataH AtmA ko pariSkRta karane ke lie do bAteM Avazyaka haiM--pahalI yaha ki jina pudgala kaNoM kA Asrava AtmA kI ora ho rahA hai use roka denA, yaha 'saMvara' hai / dUsare, jo pudgala-kaNa pahale se AtmA se saMyukta ho cuke haiM, unheM haTAnA ise, 'nirjarA' kahate haiM / ina do prakriyAoM se AtmA rUpI maNi se pudgala rUpI raja kaNoM ko jhAr3a-poMchakara alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai, jisase AtmA kI maNi punaH camakane lagatI hai aura vaha apanI khoyI zaktiyAM - ananta catuSTaya - punaH upalabdha kara letI hai| mokSa kI sthiti ananta darzana, jJAna, vIrya aura Ananda kI sthiti hai / yaha buddha ke 'nirvANa' kI bhAMti niSedhAtmaka nahIM, varan bhAvAtmaka hai / saMbara aura nirjarA ke lie tIna mArga batAye gaye haiM jinheM jaina darzana meM 'triratna' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| ye haiM samyaka darzana sampa jJAna aura samyak cAritra / 12 samyaka darzana - hamAre bhItara jo kucha bhI ho rahA hai usake taTastha darzana ko samyak darzana kahA jAtA hai| isa taTastha darzana se vyakti jo kucha bhI ho rahA hai usase mukta ho Atma-sthita ho jAtA hai / kucha loga mAnate haiM ki samyak darzana kA artha tIrthaMkaroM ke vacana meM AsthA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anusAra "jisameM svayaM jJAna hai, use AsthA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, kintu jo ajJAnI hai, usake lie AsthA bhI mArga hai| phira bhI bhagavAn kA jora svayaM meM jJAna ke jAgaraNa para hI hai,' kyoMki unhoMne aMdhAnukaraNa kA virodha kiyA - No logassa sevaNaM care jo kucha ho, sampadana bodhayukta AsthA hai, aMdha-vizvAsa nahIM jaina dArzanika maNibhadra ne kahA hai-na merA mahAvIra ke lie koI pakSapAta hai, na kapila ke lie koI dveSa yuktiyukta vacana hI mujhe brAhya hai, cAhe ve kisI ke hoN| pakSapAta na me vIre na dveSa kapilAviSu yuktimadvacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH parigrahaH / / 1. tatvArtha sUtra 8 / 2 2. 'uddeso pAsagassa natthi / ', AcArAMga sUtra, 2/3 3. ' saMpikkhae apagamappaena / ', dazavaikAlika sUtra cUlikA, 2/12 10 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ 2. samyak jJAna - bAhara se jo kucha bhI ho rahA ho, usake pUrNa jJAna ko samyak jJAna kahate haiM / bAhya ke prati taTastha darzana hameM unake sAratatva kA bodha karA detA hai| isa prakAra bhItara aura bAhara ke prati mauna- sajagatA se mUrcchA TUTatI hai, jar3atA miTatI hai aura AtmacetanA jAgrata hotI hai / jisase purAne saMskAroM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| ataH vyakti 'nirgrantha' hokara apane svarUpa meM calA AtA hai / 3. samyak cAritra - mAtra darzana aura jJAna hI paryApta nahIM hai, varan ise vyavahAra meM DhAlanA bhI Avazyaka hai| samyak cAritra samyaka jJAna aura samyak darzana kA Avazyaka pariNAma hai kyoMki cAritra jJAna kA anugamana karatA hai| sukarAta ne kahA thA, 'jJAna hI sadguNa hai' aura mahAvIra ne bhI kahA, 'pahale jJAna hai, taba kSamA' paDhamaM NANaM tao dyaa| ahita kAryoM kA varjana evaM hita kAryoM kA sAdhana 'samyak cAritra' hai| samyak cAritra koI karmakANDa nahIM, varan eka jIvana zailI hai jo samyak darzana aura jJAna se anuprANita hai / yaha eka samatva aura saMtulana kA jIvana hai samayAye samaNo hoii|' samyak cAritra 'paMca mahAvrata' meM abhivyakta hotA hai, ve haiM-ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha | 1. ahiMsA-- pramAdavaza dUsaroM ko kaSTa denA hiMsA hai aura apramatta hokara saba meM prema karanA evaM kisI ko mana, vacana aura karma se kaSTa nahIM denA ahiMsA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anusAra sabhI prANI jInA cAhate haiM, koI maranA nahIM cAhatA, ataH prANI-vadha kA parityAga karanA cAhie / ahiMsA kI dhAraNA svAitjara ke 'revareMsa oNva lAipha' kI dhAraNA ke anukUla hai| yaha asabhya logoM kI jIvana ke prati AtaMkita dRSTi nahIM jaisA ki maikenjI ne mAnA thA / mahAvIra mAnate haiM ki vanaspati se lekara 'kevalI' taka sabhI sajIva haiM, sabhI kI AtmA barAbara hai, ata: sabako samAna Adara milanA caahie| dUsarI bAta yaha ki jJAna kI sthiti meM sabake sAtha rakta sambandha sA ho jAtA hai| sabhI apane se ho jAte haiM, ataH jJAnI kisI kA ahita kara hI nahIM sakatA / ahiMsA kA AdhAra samAnatA aura pArasparika sahAnubhUti hai, kyoMki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki "hameM dUsaroM ke sAtha vaisA hI vyavahAra karanA cAhie, jaisA hama dUsaroM se apane prati cAhate haiN| yadi koI svayaM duHkha pasanda nahIM karatA hai, to use dUsaroM ko bhI duHkhI nahIM karanA caahie| AtmA hI ucita-anucita kI parakha kI AdhArazilA hai| 112 2. satya - jo jaisA hai, usakA usI rUpa meM kathana karanA satya hai| jaina darzana 'anekAnta' meM vizvAsa karatA hai| isake anusAra, satya ke ananta pahalU haiM - anantadharmakaM vastu, phalasvarUpa "aisA hI hai," nahIM kahA jA sakatA, varan "aisA bhI hai" kahanA adhika ucita hai / ata: nizcayAtmaka vANI kA prayoga nahIM karanA caahie| vaha bhI hiMsA kA kAraNa ho sakatA hai| ataeva 'satya' ke sAtha 'zIla' jur3A huA hai / phalasvarUpa jaina darzana bhI satyaM brUyAt, priyaM brUyAt, na brUyAt satyamapriyaM meM vizvAsa karatA hai / 3. asteya - 'steya' kA artha hai - 'caurya' / asteya isake viparIta hai arthAt kisI kI vastu ko binA usakI AjJA ke nahIM lenA cAhie (adattAdAnaM steyam) / ' jaina darzana mAnatA hai ki saMsAra meM jIvana-yApana ke lie dhana Avazyaka hai| sAMsArika dRSTi se dhana jIvana kA dUsarA rUpa hai / ataH kisI kI vastu kA apaharaNa nahIM karanA caahie| mArksa kI taraha mahAvIra bhI mAnate haiM ki dhana kA samyak vibhAjana honA caahie| ataH unhoMne kahA hai ki jo dhana kA samyak vibhAjana nahIM karate, ve mokSa ke adhikArI nahIM ho sakate haiM (asaMvibhAgI nahu tassa mokkho ) / * 4. brahmacaryandriyoM kA saMyama brahmacarya hai (maithunaM brahma) / jaina darzana Atma-saMyama aura indriya nigraha para jora detA hai| usake anusAra, Atma-saMyama vyaktigata aura sAmAjika utthAna ke lie Avazyaka hai| jJAna kI sthiti meM 'ahaMcarya' miTa jAtA hai aura 'brahmacarya' kI upalabdhi hotI hai / brahmacarya kI sthiti meM vyakti 'sRSTa' na rahakara 'sraSTA' ho jAtA hai aura usakA dRSTikoNa vizAla aura jIvanavyApI ho jAtA hai, jisameM sarvakalyANa kI bhAvanA nihita hotI hai / 4. aparigraha AvazyakatA se adhika na lenA 'aparigraha' hai jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka manuSya ko icchAoM meM parimitatA baratanI cAhie, kyoMki tRSNA duSpUra hai - duSpU ae imeM AyA / icchAeM AkAza ke samAna ananta haiN| kyoMki ve kabhI pUrI hone vAlI nahIM haiN| jyoM-jyoM lAbha hotA jAtA hai, tyoM-tyoM lobha bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai| 1. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 25/32 2. AcArAMga sUtra 1/3/3 3. tatvArtha sUtra, 7/15 4. dazarvakAlika sUtra, 6/2/22 5. tatvArtha sUtra, 7/16 6. 'jahA lAho tahA loho / lAho loho pavaDDhaI // ', uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 8/17 jaina darzana mImAMsA 61
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________________ ata: vyakti ko icchAoM para saMyama rakhanA cAhie aura utanA hI lenA cAhie jitanA jIvana-rakSA hetu Avazyaka ho / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mAnA hai ki 'jaise bhauMrA phUla ke saundarya ko naSTa kiye binA kevala AvazyakatA bhara madhu le letA hai aura koI saMcaya nahIM karatA, vaise hI vyakti ko jIvana-yApana karanA caahie|" isa prakAra jaina darzana IzvaravAdI pariprekSya se haTakara mAtra AtmAvAdI pariprekSya meM bandhana aura mokSa kI vyAkhyA karatA hai| isake anusAra manuSya apane calate bandhana meM hai, isalie apane prayatna se hI mukta ho sakatA hai|' svayaM para vijaya pAnA hI asalI vijaya hai-sabbamappe jie jiyaM / ' karmoM ke pUrNa vinAza ko hI mukti kahate haiM aura vahI zuddhAtmA kA svarUpa vItarAga avasthA hai-sa AtyantikaH sarvakarmanikSepo mokSa ityucyate (tattvArtharAjavAttika, 1/1/37) / karmoM kA nirmUla nAza karane ke lie do prayatna haiM-karmAsrava kA nirodha tathA nirjraa| karmoM kA samUla nAza karane ke lie mumukSu jIva ko sarvaprathama mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya tathA yoga ke srotoM se baMdhane vAle navAgantuka karmoM ko rokanA cAhie, tadanantara pUrva baddhakarmoM ko tapasyA Adi ke dvArA naSTa karanA caahie| inameM se prathama prayatna ko saMvara tathA dvitIya ko nirjarA kahate haiM / isa prakAra AtmA aura (karma ke) baMdha kA pRthakkaraNa hI mokSa kahA jAtA hai AtmabandhayodvidhAkaraNaM mokSaH, (samayasAra, 288) mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga-ye pAMca AsravabaMdha ke hetu moha ke kAraNa mAne gae haiN| moha mithyAtva kA baliSTha hetu hai, isI ke kAraNa jIvAtmA cAroM gatiyoM tathA sAtoM narakoM meM sadaiva bhramaNa karatA hai| jahAM mithyAtva hai, vahAM avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga bhI haiN| ina pAMcoM ke mAdhyama se AtmA karmAsrava ke dvArA bandha meM par3a jAtA hai| tattvArthazraddhAna ko samyaktva kahate haiM, isase viparIta azraddhAna mithyAtva kahalAtA hai| yaha do prakAra kA hai -- naisagika tathA gRhIta / cha: kAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga na karanA pA~coM indriyoM tathA mana ko viSayAsakti se na rokanA avirati hai| zubha kAryoM meM Alasya karanA pramAda kahalAtA hai| bhojana, strI, deza tathA rAja-ye cAra kathAe; krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ye cAra kaSAya; pAMcoM indriyAM, nidrA aura sneha ye pandraha pramAda haiN| solaha tathA nau kaSAya-ye paccIsa kaSAya haiN| cAra manoyoga, cAra vacanayoga aura sAta kAyayoga-ye pandraha yoga haiM / ye saba milakara alaga-alaga AtmA ke baMdha ke kAraNa haiN| yadi AtmA apane nirvikalpa svarUpa ke viparIta uparyukta pAMcoM AsravoM se parAGmukha hokara svasvarUpa meM nimagna ho jAe to abaMdha (mokSa) kA kAraNa hokara akhaNDa sukha kA svAmI bana sakatA hai| (AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja kRta upadezasArasaMgraha, bhAga 4, dillI, vI0ni0 saM0 2484 se uddhRta) 1. 'jahA dumassa pupphesu bhamarI AviyaI rasa / na ya puSpha kilAmei, soya pINe i appayaM / ', dazavakAlika suva, 12 2. 'baMdhappa mokkho tujjha ajjhattheva', AcArAMga sUtra, 1/5/2 3. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 6/36 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha