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________________ jaina darzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA pratyaya bhI utanA hI mahattvapUrNa hai, jitanA mahattvapUrNa Atma-pUrNatA kI avadhAraNA hai| jaina darzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke vibhinna staroM kA vivecana huA hai| yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki usameM ina vibhinna staroM kA vivecana vyavahAra dRSTi se hI kiyA gayA hai| pAramArthika ( tattva ) dRSTi se to paramatattva yA AtmA sadaiva hI avikArI hai| usameM vikAsa kI koI prakriyA hotI hI nahIM hai| vaha to bandhana aura mukti, vikAsa aura patana se pare yA nirapekSa hai| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM - AtmA guNasthAna, mArgaNAsthAna aura jIvasthAna nAmaka vikAsa-patana kI prakriyAoM se bhinna hai|' isI bAta kA samarthana prophesara ramAkAnta tripAThI ne apanI pustaka 'spinojA ina di lAiTa oNfa vedAnta' meM kiyA hai| spinojA ke anusAra AdhyAtmika mUla-tattva na to vikAsa kI sthiti meM hai aura na prayAsa kI sthiti meN| lekina jaina-vicAraNA meM to vyavahAra-dRSTi bhI utanI hI yathArtha hai jitanI ki paramArtha yA nizcayadRSTi, cAhe vikAsa kI prakriyAe~ vyavahAranaya ( paryAyadRSTi ) kA hI viSaya hoM; lekina isase usakI yathArthatA meM koI kamI nahIM hotii| AtmA kI tIna avasthAe~ jaina darzana meM AdhyAtmika pUrNatA arthAt mokSa kI prApti hI sAdhanA kA lakSya mAnA gayA hai| isa lakSya kI prApti ke liye sAdhaka ko sAdhanA kI vibhinna zreNiyoM se gujaranA hotA hai| ye zreNiyA~ sAdhaka kI sAdhanA kI U~cAiyoM kI mApaka haiM, lekina vikAsa to eka madhya avasthA hai| usake eka ora avikAsa kI avasthA hai aura dUsarI ora pUrNatA kii| isI tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue jainAcAryoM ne AtmA kI tIna avasthAoM kA vivecana kiyA hai - 1. bahirAtmA, 2. antarAtmA aura 3. prmaatmaa| AtmA ke ina tIna prakAroM kI carcA jaina sAhitya meM prAcIna kAla se upalabdha hai| sarvaprathama hameM AcArya kundakunda ke 'mokSaprAmRta' ( mokkhapAhuDa ) meM
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________________ 158 jaina darzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa AtmA kI tIna avasthAoM kI spaSTa carcA upalabdha hotI hai| yadyapi isake bIja hameM AcArAMga jaise prAcInatama Agama meM bhI upalabdha hote haiN| 'AcArAMga' meM yadyapi spaSTa rUpa se bahirAtmA, antarAtmA jaise zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM hai kintu usameM ina tInoM hI prakAra kI AtmAoM ke lakSaNoM kA vivecana upalabdha ho jAtA hai|" bahirmukhI AtmA ko AcArAMga meM bAla, manda aura mUr3ha ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| ye AtmAe~ mamatva se yukta hotI haiM aura bAhya viSayoM meM rasa letI haiN| antarmukhI AtmA ko paNDita, medhAvI, dhIra, samyaktvadarzI aura ananyadarzI ke nAma se citrita kiyA gayA hai| ananyadarzI zabda hI unakI antarmukhatA ko spaSTa kara detA hai| inake liye muni zabda kA prayoga bhI huA hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra ye ve loga haiM jinhoMne saMsAra ke svarUpa ko jAnakara lokeSaNA kA tyAga kara diyA hai| pApavirata evaM samyagdarzI honA hI antarAtmA kA lakSaNa hai| isI prakAra AcArAMga meM mukta AtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana bhI upalabdha hotA hai| use vimukta, pAragAmI tathA tarka aura vANI se agamya batAyA gayA hai| AtmA ke isa trividha vargIkaraNa kA pramukha zreya to AcArya kundakunda ko hI jAtA hai| paravartI sabhI digambara aura zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne inhIM kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| kArtikeya, pUjyapAda, yogIndu, haribhadra, Anandaghana aura yazovijaya Adi sabhI ne apanI racanAoM meM AtmA ke uparyukta tIna prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai - 1. bahirAtmA : jainAcAryoM ne usa AtmA ko bahirAtmA kahA hai, jo sAMsArika viSaya-bhogoM meM ruci rakhatA hai| parapadArthoM meM apanatva kA AropaNa kara unake bhogoM meM Asakta banA rahatA hai| bahirAtmA dehAtma buddhi aura mithyAtva se yukta hotA hai| yaha cetanA kI viSayAbhimukhI pravRtti hai| 2. antarAtmA : bAhya viSayoM se vimukha hokara apane antara meM jhA~kanA antarAtmA kA lakSaNa hai| antarAtmA AtmAbhimukha hotA hai evaM sva-svarUpa meM nimagna rahatA hai| yaha jJAtA-draSTA bhAva kI sthiti hai| antarmukhI AtmA dehAtma buddhi se rahita hotA hai kyoMki vaha AtmA aura zarIra arthAt sva aura para kI bhinnatA ko bhedavijJAna ke dvArA jAna letA hai| antarAtmA ke bhI tIna bheda kiye gae haiN| avirata samyagdRSTi sabase nimna prakAra kA antarAtmA hai| deza-virata gRhastha, upAsaka aura pramatta muni madhyama prakAra ke antarAtmA haiM aura apramatta yogI yA muni uttama prakAra ke antarAtmA haiN| 3. paramAtmA : karma-mala se rahita, rAga-dveSa kA vijetA, sarvajJa aura
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________________ jaina darzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa 159 sarvadarzI AtmA ko paramAtmA kahA gayA hai| paramAtmA ke do bheda kiye gae haiM --- arhat aura siddh| jIvanamukta AtmA arhat kahA jAtA hai aura videhamukta AtmA siddha kahA jAtA hai| kaThopaniSad meM bhI isI prakAra AtmA ke tIna bheda --- jJAnAtmA, mahadAtmA aura zAntAtmA ~ kiye gae haiN| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se jJAnAtmA, bahirAtmA, mahadAtmA, antarAtmA aura zAntAtmA paramAtmA hai| __mokSaprAbhRta, niyamasAra, rayaNasAra, yogasAra, kArtikeyAnuprekSA Adi sabhI meM tInoM prakAra kI AtmAoM ke yahI lakSaNa kiye gae haiN| __ AtmA kI ina tInoM avasthAoM ko kramazaH 1. mithyAdarzIAtmA, 2. samyagdarzIAtmA aura 3. sarvadarzIAtmA bhI kahate haiN| sAdhanA kI dRSTi se hama inheM kramaza: patita avasthA, sAdhaka avasthA aura siddhAvasthA kaha sakate haiN| apekSA-bheda se naitikatA ke AdhAra para ina tInoM avasthAoM ko 1. anaitikatA kI avasthA, 2. naitikatA kI avasthA aura 3. atinaitikatA kI avasthA kahA jA sakatA hai| pahalI avasthA vAlA vyakti durAcArI yA durAtmA hai, dUsarI avasthA vAlA sadAcArI yA mahAtmA hai aura tIsarI avasthA vAlA AdarzAtmA yA paramAtmA hai| jaina darzana ke guNasthAna siddhAntoM meM prathama se tIsare guNasthAna taka bahirAtmA kI avasthA kA citraNa hai| caturtha se bArahaveM guNasthAna taka antarAtmA kI avasthA kA vivecana hai| zeSa do guNasthAna AtmA ke paramAtma-svarUpa ko abhivyakta karate haiN| paNDita sukhalAlajI inheM kramaza: AtmA kI (1) AdhyAtmika avikAsa kI avasthA, (2) AdhyAtmika vikAsa-krama kI avasthA aura (3) AdhyAtmika pUrNatA yA mokSa kI avasthA kahate haiN| sandarbha 1. niyamasAra, 77. 2. spinojA ina di lAiTa oNpha vedAnta, pR0 38 TippaNI, 199, 204. 3. ( a ) adhyAtmamata parIkSA, gA0 125. ( ba ) yogAvatAra, dvAtriMzikA, 17-18. (sa ) mokkhapAhuDa, 4. 4. dekhie -- AcArAMga, prathama zrutaskandha, adhyayana 3-4. 5. mokkhapAhuDa, 4. 6. vahI, 5, 8, 10, 11.
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________________ 160 jaina darzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa 7. vahI, 5, 9. 8. vahI, 5, 6, 12. 9. vizeSa vivecana evaM sandarbha ke liye dekhiye - (a) darzana aura cintana, pR0 276-277. (ba) jainadharma, pR0 147.