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________________ 0 DA. puSpalatA jaina prAdhyApikA esa. epha. esa. kAleja, nAgapura jaina bhUgola kA vyAvahArika pakSa L samagra bhAratIya vAGamaya kI ora dRSTipAta jahA~ taka bhaugolika mAnyatA kA prazna hai, yaha karane se yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA anaitihAsika nahIM viSaya bhI kama vivAdAspada nhiiN| tInoM saMskRtiyoM hogA ki usakA prArambhika rUpa zruti paramparA ke ke bhaugolika siddhAntoM kA utsa eka hI rahA hogA mAdhyama se pIr3hI dara pIr3hI gujaratA huA usa samaya jise lagatA hai, kucha parivartana ke sAtha sabhI ne apane saMkalita hokara sAmane AyA jabaki usake AdhAra DhaMga se vikasita kara liyaa| isa saMdarbha meM jaba hama para kAphI sAhitya nirmita ho cukA thaa| yaha tathya bhAratIya bhaugolika jJAna ke Upara dRSTipAta karate vaidika, jaina aura bauddha tInoM saMskRtiyoM ke prAcIna haiM taba hama usake vikAsAtmaka svarUpa ko ATha pannoM ke ulaTane se udghATita hotA hai / aisI sthiti pramukha yugoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiMmeM prAcIna sUtroM meM apanI AvazyakatA, paristhiti 1. sindha-sabhyatA kAla (AdikAla se lekara aura suvidhA ke anusAra parivartana aura parivardhana 150 hotA hI rahA hai / veda, prAkRta aura jaina Agama tathA pAli tripiTaka sAhitya kA vikAsa isa tathya 2. vaidika kAla (1000 I0 pU0 taka) kA nidarzana hai| 3. saMhitA kAla (1500 I0 pU0 taka) ____isI prakAra yaha tathya bhI hamase chipA nahIM hai 4. upaniSad kAla (1500 I0 pU0 se 600 I0 ki tInoM saMskRtiyoM ne apane sAhitya meM tatkAlIna pU0 taka) pracalita lokakathAoM aura lokagAthAoM kA apane- 5. rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata kAla (1600 I0 pU0 apane DhaMga se upayoga kiyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki se 600 I0 pU0 taka) | lokakathA sAhitya kI zatAdhika kathAe~ kucha hera- 6. bauddha kAla (600 I0 pU0 se 200 IsavI phera ke sAtha tInoM saMskRtiyoM ke sAhitya meM prayukta taka) 7. nayA paurANika kAla (200 ne 800 ina kathA sUtroM ke mUla utsa ko khojanA sarala ho nahIM hai / kisa sUtra ko kisane kahA~ se lekara AtmasAt kiyA hai ise nirvivAda rUpa se hala nahIM kiyA 8. madhyakAla (800 I0 se lagabhaga 17vIM zatAjA sktaa| isaliye yaha mAnakara calanA adhika bdA taka) ucita hogA ki isa prakAra ke kathAsUtra lokakathAoM bhAratIya bhaugolika jJAna kA yaha kAla vibhAra ke aMga rahe hoMge jinakA upayoga sabhI dharmAcAryoM ne jana eka sAmAnya dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai / ina apane dhArmika siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana kI pRSThabhUmi kAloM meM mUla bhaugolika paramparA kA vikAsa sumeM kiyA hai| nizcita rUpa se huA hai| 375 paMcama khaNDa : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa 60d6. sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha Jain education International Private Dersan d ali
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________________ bhUgola (Geography) yUnAnI bhASA ke do padoM nicalA parta, jisameM Rtu, jalavAyu kI vibhinnatAe~ Ge tathA grapho se milakara milA hai| ge kA hotI haiN| artha pRthvI aura Grapho kA artha varNana karanA hai| (4) pRthvI ke saura sambandha / isa prakAra Geography kI paridhi meM pRthvI kA pRthvI ko kendra meM rakhakara jarmanI, phrAMsa, amevarNana kiyA jAtA hai| rikA, soviyata saMgha Adi dezoM meM kAphI zodha hae bhUgola jise hama sAdhAraNataH paurANikatA ke haiM aura ho rahe haiN| vahAM ke vidvAnoM kI bhaugolika ||5 sAtha jor3ate cale Aye haiM, Aja hamAre sAmane eka vicAradhArAoM ko hama eka-dUsare kI paripUrakatA pragatizIla vijJAna ke rUpa meM khar3A ho gayA hai| ke sandarbha meM samajha sakate haiN| unake adhyayana meM do usakA uddezya aura adhyayana kAphI vistRta hotA pakSa ubharakara sAmane Ate haiMcalA jA rahA hai / uddezya ke rUpa meM usane mAnava 1. vAtAvaraNa aura paristhiti vijJAna kI unnati aura kalyANa ke kSetra meM apanA mahatvapUrNa 2. prAdezika vibhinnatAe~ aura mAnavIya pragati yogadAna diyA hai isaliye Aja vaha antarvaijJAnika ' tathA kalyANa meM asamAnatAyeM aura asantulana / (Interdisciplinary) viSaya bana gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM jaba hama prAcIna bhUgola aura 12 jaise-jaise bhUgola ke adhyayana kA vikAsa hotA gayA vidvAnoM ne use paribhASAoM meM bA~dhane kA __ arvAcIna bhUgola kI samIkSA karate haiM to hama isa MMS prayatna kiyA hai / aise vidvAnoM meM ekaramena, lyUkara niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki prAcIna bhUgola katipaya mena, yITsa, riTTara, heTalara Adi vidvAna pramukha haiM lokAkhyAnoM para AdhArita rahA hai aura Adhunika 18 jinakI paribhASAoM ke AdhAra para bhUgola kI bhUgola vaijJAnika tathyoM para avalambita hai jahA~ mAna | nimnalikhita paribhASA prastuta kI jAtI hai-'bhUgola - vIya sAdhanoM kI kSamatA aura yogyatA para adhika " bala diyA jAtA hai / prAcIna bhagola Arthika pragati vaha vijJAna hai jo pRthvI kA adhyayana tathA varNana / se koI vizeSa sambandha nahIM rakhatA, jabaki Adhu-4 mAnavIya saMsAra yA mAnavIya nivAsa ke rUpa meM (1) kSetroM yA sthAnoM kI vizeSatAoM (2) kSetrIya nika bhUgola kA to yaha kendrIya tatva hI hai isaliye eka vividhatAoM tathA (3) sthAnIya sambandhoM kI pRSTha __ Adhunika bhUgola ko vyAvahArika bhUgola(Applied Hg bhami meM karatA hai / isa prakAra bhUgola pRthvI para Geography) kahA jAne lagA hai / isameM mukhya rUpa ||G vitaraNoM kA vijJAna (Science of distribution on se-1. samUha vyavahAra-(Group behaviour) Earth) hai| tathA vyAvahArika kSetra meM mAnasika samAyojana jaise tatvoM para vizeSa vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa paribhASA ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA ra sakatA hai, bhUgola kI adhyayana sImA meM pRthvItala prArambha se hI bhUgola kA uddezya aura upayoga kA adhyayana pramukha hai| isa kathya meM cAra tathya vyakti aura samAja kA hita-sAdhana rahA hai| cAhe vaha sammilita hai AdhyAtmika rahA ho yA laukika / Adhunika vyAva-5 hArika bhUgola meM AdhyAtmika dRSTi kA koI vizeSa (1) pRthvItala para samasta thala khaNDoM aura mahA sambandha nahIM hai| isalie vyAvahArika bhUgola | sAgaroM ke tala / kI paribhASA sAdhAraNa taura para isa prakAra kI (2) pRthvItala se thor3I gaharAI taka kA sIdhA jAtI hai- "samAja kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrtiyoM ne prabhAvakArI parta / ke lie bhaugolika vAtAvaraNa ke samasta saMsAdhanoM (3) vAyumaNDala, vizeSataH vAyumaNDala kA ko vivekapUrvaka karane ke lie bhaugolika AcAra 376 paMcama khaNDa : jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha - Jain relation International FONrivate & Personal Use Only www.jainefideorg
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________________ vicAra jJAna paddhatiyoM evaM takanIkoM kA vyAvahArika jambUdvIpa tInoM saMskRtiyoM meM svIkAra kiyA H upayoga hI vyAvahArika bhUgola hai|" gayA hai| bhale hI usakI sImA ke viSaya meM vivAda 12 isa paribhASA se yaha spaSTa hai ki vyAvahArika rahA hai / jaina saMskRti meM to isakA varNana kitane / bhUgola kA upayoga samAja ke hita ke lie kiyA adhika vistAra se milatA hai jitanA jainetara * 1 jAtA hai aura isIlie isake adhyayana kI paridhi sAhitya meM nahIM miltaa| parvata, guphA, nadI, vRkSa, 720 meM mAnava, sthAna tathA saMsAdhana kA adhyayana AtA araNya, deza, nagara Adi kA varNana pAThaka ko hairAna hai| ise hama nimnalikhita vargIkaraNa ke mAdhyama se / kara detA hai| isakA prathama varNana ThANAMga aura samasamajha sakate haiM __ vAyAMga meM milatA hai| ina donoM granthoM ke AdhAra | 1. bhautika adhyayana-bha-AkRti, jalavAya. para jambUdvIpa prajJapti, sUrya prajJapti aura candra prajJapti samudrI vijJAna Adi isake antargata AtA hai| kI racanA huI hai| ina sabhI granthoM ko hama lagabhaga 2. Arthika adhyayana-isameM kRSi, audyogika, 5vIM zatAbdI kI racanA kaha sakate haiN| AcArya yativRSabha kI tiloyapaNNatti bhI isI samaya ke vyApAra, yAtAyAta, paryaTana AtA hai| AsapAsa kI racanA honI caahie| zrI paM0 phUla3. sAmAjika, sAMskRtika adhyayana-isameM canda siddhAntazAstrI isa racanA ko vi. saM. 873 janasaMkhyA, adhivAsa, bastI, nagarIya, rAjanItika, ke bAda kI racanA mAnate haiM. jabaki zrI paM0 jagalaprAdezika, sainika Adi kA adhyayana hotA hai| kizora mukhtAra use IsavI san ke AsapAsa rakhane 4. anya zAkhAe~-jIva (vanaspati), cikitsA, kA prayatna karate haiN| mauna citrakalA Adi kA adhyayana hotA hai| jambUdvIpa jaina saMskRti meM samasta pRthvI arthAt jaina bhUgola yadyapi paurANikatA ko lie hue madhyaloka kA nAmAMtaraNa hai jise sAta kSetroM meM hai, phira bhI usakA yadi hama vargIkaraNa kareM to hama vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| isake sAre sandarbho ko vyAvahArika bhUgola ke upayukta adhyayana prakaraNoM rakhane kI yahA~ AvazyakatA nahIM hai, para itanA ) se sambaddha sAmagrI ko AsAnI se khoja sakate haiN| avazya hai ki parvata, nadI, nagara, Adi kI jo isa dRSTi se yaha eka svatantra zodha prabandha kA sthitiyA~ karaNAnuyoga meM varNita haiM unheM Adhunika viSaya hai| bhUgola ke pariprekSya meM samajhane kA prayatna kiyA | jaisA hamane pahale kahA hai jaina bhUgola prazna- jAe / udAharaNa ke taura para jambUdvIpa ko yUreziyA kaTa cinhoM se daba gayA hai| Adhunika bhUgola se vaha khaNDa se yadi pahacAnA jAe to zAyada usakI | nizcita hI samagra rUpa se mela nahIM khAtA, isakA avasthiti kisI sImA taka svIkAra kI jA sakatI ) tAtparya yaha nahIM ki jaina bhUgola kA samUcA viSaya hai| isI taraha sumeru ko pAmera kI parvata zreNiyoM - adhyayana aura upayogitA ke bAhara hai / isa pari- ke sAtha kisI sImA taka rakhA jA sakatA hai| sthiti meM hamArA adhyayana vastuparakatA kI mAMga / himavAna ko himAlaya, niSadha ko hindukuza, nIla karatA hai| Agamika zraddhA ko vaijJAnika anveSaNoM ko alAI nAma, zikharI ko sAyAna se milAyA 10) ke sAtha yadi hama pUrI taraha se na jor3eM aura taba jA sakatA hai / ramyaka kI madhya eziyA yA dakSiNI taka ruka jAe~, jaba taka unheM vaijJAnika svIkAra na pazcimI kI sIkyAMga se, hairaNyavat kI uttarI ) kara leM to hama unmukta mana se donoM pahaluoM ko sIkyAMga se, uttarakuru kI rUsa tathA sAiberiyA se 10 aura unake AyAmoM ko apane paridhi ke bhItara rakha sakate haiN| (zeSa pRSTha 382 para) 377 paMcama khaNDa : jana sAhitya aura itihAsa 3 sAdhvIratna kusumavatI abhinandana grantha Jar a tion Internations Pivate & Personal Use Only www.jainelsary.org