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________________ vI. ni. saM. 2503 jaina, bauddha aura gItA darzana meM mokSa kA svarUpa eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina tatva mImAMsA ke anusAra saMvara ke dvArA karmoM ke Agamana kA nirodha ho jAne para aura nirjarA ke dvArA samasta purAtana karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne para AtmA ko jo niSkarma zuddha avasthA hotI hai use mokSa kahA jAtA hai / karma-phala ke abhAva meM karmajanita AvaraNa yA baMdhana bhI nahIM rahate aura yahI baMdhana kA abhAva hI mukti hai / vastutaH mokSa AtmA kI zuddha svarUpAvasthA hai / " baMdhana AtmA kI virUpAvasthA hai aura mukti AtmA kI svarUpAvasthA hai| anAtmA meM mamatva, Asakti rUpa AtmAbhimAna kA dUra ho jAnA yahI mokSa hai" aura yahI AtmA kI zuddhAvasthA hai / bandhana aura mukti kI yaha samagra vyAkhyA paryAya dRSTi kA viSaya hai / AtmA kI virUpa paryAya bandhana hai aura svarUpa paryAya mokSa hai / para padArtha, pudgala, paramANu yA jar3a karma vargaNAoM ke nimitta AtmA meM jo paryAyeM utpanna hotI haiM aura jinake kAraNa para meM Atma-bhAva (merApana ) utpanna hotA hai, yahI virUpa paryAya hai. parapariNati hai, sva kI para meM avasthiti hai, yahI bandhana hai aura isakA abhAva hI mukti hai / bandhana aura mukti donoM eka hI Atma- dravya yA cetanA kI do avasthAe~ mAtra haiM, jisa prakAra svarNa mukuTa aura svarNa kuMDala svayaM kI hI do avasthAe~ haiN| lekina yadi mAtra, vizuddha tatva dRSTi yA nizcaya naya se vicAra kiyA jAya to baMdhana aura mukti donoM kI vyAkhyA saMbhava nahIM hai kyoMki 1. kamI:101 2. bandha viyogo mokSa:- abhidhAna rAjendra khaMDa 6, pRSTha 431 3. mukkho jIvassa suddha rUpassa - vahI khaMDa 6, pRSTa 431 4. tulanA kIjiye (a) AtmA mImAMsA ( ilasukhabhAI) DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pRSTha 66-67 (ba) mameti vapate jantumameti pramucyate garur3a purANa Atmatatva svarUpa kA parityAga kara parasvarUpa meM kabhI bhI pariNata nahIM hotA / vizuddha tatva dRSTi se to AtmA nityamukta hai| lekina jaba tatva kI paryAyoM ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra prArambha kiyA jAtA hai to baMdhana aura mukti kI saMbhAvanAe~ spaSTa ho jAtI haiM kyoMki bandhana aura mukti paryAya avasthA meM hI saMbhava hotI hai| mokSa ko tatva mAnA gayA hai, lekina vastutaH mokSa baMdhana ke abhAva kA hI nAma hai| jainAgamoM meM mokSa tatva para tIna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai bhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa, dRSTikoNa, 3. anirvacanIya dRSTikoNa | 2. abhAvAtmaka mokSa para bhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa se vicAraH -- jaina dArzanikoM ne mokSAvasthA para bhAvAnAtmaka dRSTikoNa se vicAra karate hue use nirbAdha avasthA kahA hai|" mokSa meM samasta bAdhAoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa AtmA ke nijaguNa pUrNa rUpa se prakaTa ho jAte haiN| mokSa, bAdhaka tatvoM kI anupasthiti aura pUrNatA kA prakaTana hai| AcArya kundakunda ne mokSa kI bhAvAtmaka dazA kA citraNa karate hue use zuddha, ananta catuSTayayukta, akSaya, avinAzI, nirbAdha, atIndriya, anupama, nitya, avicala, anAlamba kahA hai|" AcArya usI graMtha meM Age calakara mokSa meM nimna bAtoM kI vidyamAnatA kI sUcanA karate haiN| 1. pUrNajJAna, 2. pUrNadarzana 3. pUrNasaukhya, 4. pUrNavIrya, 5. amUrtatva, 6. astitva aura 7. sapradezatA / AcArya kundakunda ne mokSa dazA ke jina sAta bhAvAtmaka tathyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ko svIkAra nahIM haiM / vedAnta ko svIkAra nahIM 5. avvAbAhaM avatthANaM-: vyAvAdhAvajitabhavasthAnam - avasthitiH jIvasyAsau mokSa iti / - abhidhAna rAjendra khaMDa 6, pRSTha 431 6. niyamasAra 176-177 7. vijjadi kevalaNANaM, kevalasokkhaM ca kevalaviriyaM / kevaladiThi amuttaM atthitaM sappadesattaM / niyamasAra 181 45
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________________ haiM, sAMkhya saukhya evaM vIrya ko aura nyAya vaizeSika jJAna aura darzana ko bhI asvIkAra kara dete haiM / bauddha zUnyavAda astitva kA bhI viAnaza kara detA hai aura cArvAka darzana mokSa kI dhAraNA ko bhI samApta kara detA hai| vastutaH mokSa ko anirvacanIya mAnate hue bhI vibhinna dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke nirAkaraNa ke liye hI mokSa kI isa bhAvAtmaka avasthA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / bhAvAtmaka dRSTi se jaina vicAraNA mokSAvasthA meM ananta catuSTaya kI upasthiti para bala detI hai / ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta saukhya aura ananta zakti ko jaina vicAraNA meM ananta catuSTaya kahA jAtA hai| bIjarUpa meM yaha ananta catuSTaya sabhI jIvAtmAoM: meM upasthita hai, mokSa dazA meM inake avarodhaka karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne se ye guNa pUrNa rUpa meM prakaTa ho jAte haiN| ye pratyeka AtmA ke svAbhAvika gaNa haiM jo mokSAvasthA meM pUrNa rUpa se abhivyakta ho jAte haiM / ananta catuSTaya meM ananta jJAna, ananta zakti aura ananta saukhya Ate haiN| lekina aSTakarmoM ke prahANa ke AdhAra para siddhoM ke ATha guNoM kI mAnyatA bhI jaina vicAraNA meM pracalita hai / 1. jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke naSTa ho jAne se muktAtmA ananta jJAna yA pUrNa jJAna se yukta hotA hai / 2. darzanAvaraNa karma naSTa ho jAne se ananta darzana se saMpanna hotA hai| 3. vedanIya karma ke kSaya ho jAne se vizuddha anazvara AdhyAtmika sukhoM se yukta hotA hai| 4. moha karma ke naSTa ho jAne se yathArtha dRSTi (kSAyika samyaktva) se yukta hotA hai / moha karma ke darzana moha aura cAritra moha aise do bhAga kie jAte haiM / darzana moha ke prahANa se yathArtha aura cAritra moha ke kSaya se yathArtha cAritra (kSAyika cAritra) kA prakaTana hotA hai lekina mokSa dazA meM kriyArUpa cAritra nahIM hotA mAtra dRSTi rUpa cAritra hI hotA hai / ataH use kSAyika samyaktva ke aMtargata hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| vaise ATha karmoM kI 31 prakRtiyoM ke prahANa ke AdhAra se siddhoM ke 31 guNa mAne gaye haiM, usameM yathAkhyAta cAritra ko svataMtra guNa mAnA gayA hai / 5. Ayu karma ke kSaya ho jAne se muktAtmA janma-maraNa ke cakra se chUTa jAtA hai vaha ajara amara hotA hai| 6. nAmakarma kA kSaya ho jAne se muktAtmA azarIrI evaM amUrta hotA, hai ataH vaha indriya grAhya nahIM hotA hai / 7. gotra karma ke naSTa ho jAne se agurulaghutva se yukta ho jAtA hai| arthAt sabhI siddha samAna hote haiM, unameM choTA-bar3A yA U~canIca kA bhAva nahIM hotaa| 8. antarAya karma kA prahANa ho jAne se bAdhA rahita hotA hai arthAt ananta zakti saMpanna hotA hai|" ananta zakti kA yaha vicAra mUlataH niSedhAtmaka hI hai| yaha mAtra bAdhAoM kA abhAva hai| lekina isa prakAra aSTa karmoM ke prahANa ke AdhAra se muktAtmA ke ATha guNoM kI vyAkhyA kI mAtra eka vyAvahArika saMkalpanA hI hai| usake vAstavika svarUpa kA nirvacana nahIM hai / yaha vyAvahArika dRSTi se use samajhane kA prayAsa mAtra hai / isakA vyAvahArika mUlya hai / vastutaH to vaha anirvacanIya hai / AcArya nemIcandra gommaTasAra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki siddhoM ke ina guNoM kA vidhAna mAtra siddhAtmA ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM jo ekAntika mAnyatAe~ haiM, unake niSedha ke liye haiM / muktAtmA meM kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke rUpa meM jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga ko svIkAra karake muktAtmAoM ko jar3a mAnane vAlI vaibhASika, bauddhoM aura nyAya-vaizeSika kI dhAraNA kA pratiSedha kiyA gayA hai| maktAtmA ke astitva yA akSayatA ko svIkAra kara mokSa ko abhAva rUpa meM mAnanevAlI jar3avAdI tathA sautrAntika bauddhoM kI mAnyatA kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mokSa dazA kA samagra bhAvAtmaka citraNa niSedhAtmaka mUlya hI rakhatA hai| yaha vidhAna bhI niSedha ke liye hai / ___ abhAvAtmaka dRSTi se mokSa tatva para vicAra:- jainAgamoM meM mokSAvasthA kA citraNa niSedhAtmaka rUpa se bhI havA hai| prAcInatama jainAgama AcArAMga meM muktAtmA kA niSedhAtmaka citraNa nimnaprakAra se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / mokSAvasthA meM samasta karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne se muktAtmA na dIrgha hai, na hrasva hai na vRttAkAra hai, na trikoNa hai, na catuSkoNa hai, na parimaMDala saMsthAna vAlA hai / na vaha tIkSNa, vaha kRSNa, nIla, pIta, rakta aura zvetavarNa vAlA bhI nahIM hai / vaha sugaMdha aura durgadhavAlA bhI nahIM hai kaTa, khaTTA, mIThA, evaM amla rasa vAlA hai| usameM guru, lagha, komala, kaThora, snigdha, rUkSa, zIta evaM uSNa Adi sparza gaNoM kA bhI abhAva hai / vaha na strI hai na, puruSa hai, na napusaMka hai| isa prakAra muktAtmA meM rasa, rUpa, varNa, gaMdha aura sparza bhI nahIM hai| AcArya kundakunda niyamasAra meM mokSa dazA kA niSedhAtmaka citraNa prastuta karate hue likhate haiM "mokSa dazA meM sukha hai, na duHkha hai, na pIr3A hai, na bAdhA hai, na janma hai, na maraNa hai, na vahA~ indriyA~ haiM, na upasarga hai, na moha hai, na vyAmoha hai, na nidrA hai, na bahA~ ciMtA hai, na Arta aura rodra vicAra hI hai| vahA~ to dharma (zubha) aura zukla (prazasta) vicAroM kA bhI abhAva hai| 12" mokSAvasthA to sarva-saMkalpoM kA abhAva hai| 10. sadasiva saMkho makkaDi baddho NoyAiyo ya vesesii| Isara maMDali daMsaNa vidUsaNaThe kayaM edaM / / -gommaTasAra (nemicandra) 11. se na dIhe, na hasse, na vaTTe, na tase, na cauraMse, na parimaMDale, na kiNhe, na nIle, na lohie, na hAlidde, na sukille, na surabhigandhe, na durabhigandhe, na titte, na kaDue, na kasAe, na aMbile, na mahure, na kavakhar3e, na maue, na zurUe, na lahue, na sIe, na uNhe, na niDhe, na lakkhe na kAU, na rUhe. na saMge, na itthI, na purise na annahA-se na sadde, na rUve, na gaMdhe, na rase, na phAse / -AcArAMga sUtra 1 / 5 / 6 / 12. Navi dukkhaM Navi sukkhaM Navi pIr3A va Navi vijjade bAhA / Navi maraNaM Navi jaNaNaM, tattheva ya hoI NivvANaM / / Niva iMdiya uvasaggA Nivamoho vijhiyo Na NiddAya / Naya tiNhA Neva chuhAM, tattheva havadi NivvANaM / / -niyamasAra 178-179 8. kucha vidvAnoM ne agurulaghutva kA artha na halakA na bhArI kiyA hai| 9. pravacanasAroddhAra dvAra 276 gAthA 1593-1594 rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Intemational Jain Education Intermational
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________________ vaha buddhi aura vicAra kA viSaya nahIM hai, vaha pakSAtikrAnta hai / isa prakAra muktAvasthA kA niSedhAtmaka vivecana usako anirvacanIya batalAne ke liye hI hai / mokSa kA anirvacanIya svarUpaH -- mokSa kA niSedhAtmaka nirvacana anavArya rUpa se hameM usakI anirvacanIyatA kI ora hI le jAtA hai / pAramArthika dRSTi se vicAra karate hue jaina dArzanikoM ne use anirvacanIya hI mAnA hai / AcArAMga sUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai- samasta svara vahA~ se lauTa Ate haiM arthAt dhvanyAtmaka kisI bhI zabda kI pravRtti kA vaha viSaya nahIM hai, vANI usakA nirvacana karane meM kathamapi samartha nahIM hai / vahA~ vANI mUka ho jAtI hai, tarka kI vahA~ taka pahu~ca nahIM hai, buddhi (mati) use grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai arthAt vaha vANI, vicAra aura buddhi kA viSaya nahIM hai| kisI upamA ke dvArA bhI use nahIM samajhAyA jA sakatA kyoMki use koI upamA nahIM dI jA sakatI, vaha anupama hai, arUpI sattAvAna hai / vaha a-pada koI pada nahIM hai arthAt aisA koI zabda nahIM hai jisake dvArA usakA nirUpaNa kiyA jA sake 113 usake bAre meM kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha arUpa, arasa, avarNa, aura asparza hai kyoMki vaha indriyagrAhya nahIM hai / gItA meM mokSa kA svarUpaH -- gItA kI samagra sAdhanA kA lakSya paramatatva brahma akSara puruSa athavA puruSottama kI prApti kahA jA sakatA hai| gItAkAra prasaMgAntara se use hI mokSa, nirvANapada, avyayapada, paramapada, paramagati aura paramadhAma bhI kahatA hai / jaina aura bauddha vicAraNA ke samAna gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM bhI saMsAra punarAgamana yA janma-maraNa kI prakriyA se yukta hai jabaki mokSa punarAgamana yA janma-maraNa kA abhAva hai| gItA kA sAdhaka isI preraNA ko lekara Age bar3hatA hai| ( jarAmaraNamokSAya 7,29) aura kahatA hai -- "jisako prApta kara lene para punaH saMsAra meM nahIM lauTanA hotA hai, usa paramapada kI gaveSaNA karanA cAhiye | 23" gItA kA Izvara bhI sAdhaka ko Azvasta karatA huvA yahI kahatA hai ki jise prApta kara lene para punaH saMsAra meM AnA nahIM hotA vahI merA paramadhAma hai ( svasthAna ) hai / 'paramasiddhi ko prApta huve mahAtmA mere ko prApta ho kara duHkhoM ke ghara isa asthira punarjanma ko prApta nahIM hote haiM / brahma loka paryanta samagra jagata 13. savvesarA niyaM Thati, takka jattha na vijjai, maI tatthana gahiyA oe appa iTThANassa kheyanne--- uvappa na vijjaearUvI sattA apayassa payaM natthi / - AcArAMga 1 / 5 / 6 / 171 tulanA kIjie yato vAconivartante aprApya manasA saha - tettarIya 2 / 9 na cakSuSA gRhyate nApi vAcA -muNDaka 3 / 118 14. tataH padaM tatparimArgitavya yasmin gatA na vivartanti bhUyaH - gItAjJAna 4 bI. ni. saM. 2503 punarAvRtti se yukta hai| lekina jo bhI mujhe prApta kara letA hai| usakA punarjanma nahIM hotA / 15" mokSa ke anAvRtti rUpa lakSaNa ko batAne ke sAtha hI mokSa ke svarUpa kA nirvacana karate hue gItA kahatI hai " isa avyakta se bhI pare anya sanAtana avyakta tatva hai jo sabhI prANiyoM meM rahate huve bhI unake naSTa hone para naSTa nahIM hotA hai arthAt cetanA paryAyoM, jo avyakta hai, unase bhI pare unakA AdhArabhUta Atmatatva hai / cetanA kI avasthAe~ nazvara haiM lekina unase pare rahane vAlA yaha Atmatatva sanAtana hai, jo prANiyoM meM cetanA (jJAna) paryAyoM ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hote hue bhI una prANiyoM tathA unakI cetanA paryAyoM ke naSTa hone para bhI naSTa nahIM hotA hai / usI AtmA ko akSaya aura avyakta kahA gayA hai aura use hI paramagati bhI kahate haiM / vahI paramadhAna bhI hai, vahI paramAtmasvarUpa AtmA kA nija sthAna hai, jise prApta kara lene para punaH nivartana nahIM hotA / 36" use akSaya brahma paramatatva svabhAva ( AtmA kI svabhAva dazA) aura adhyAtma bhI kahA jAtA hai / 17 gItA kI dRSTi meM mokSa nirvANa hai, parama zAnti kA adhisthAna hai / 18 jaina darzanikoM ke samAna gItA bhI yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki mokSa sukhAvasthA hai| gItA ke anusAra muktAtmA brahmabhUta hokara atyanta sukha (ananta saukhya) kA anubhava karatA hai / 19 yadyapi gItA evaM jaina darzana meM muktAtmA meM jisa sukha kI kalpanA kI gaI hai vaha na aindriya sukha hai na vaha mAtra duHkhAbhAva rUpa sukha hai| varan vaha atIndriya jJAnagamya anazvara sukha hai / 20 bauddha darzana meM nirvANa kA svarUpaH -- bhagavAna buddha kI dRSTi meM nirvANa kA svarUpa kyA hai ? yaha prazna prAraMbha se vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| svayaM bauddha darzana ke Avantara saMpradAyoM meM bhI nirvANa ke svarUpa ko lekara AtyaMtika virodha pAyA jAtA hai / Adhunika vidvAnoM ne bhI isa saMbaMdha meM paraspara virodhI niSkarSa nikAle haiM, jo eka tulanAtmaka adhyetA ko adhika kaThinAI meM DAla detA hai / vastuta: isa kaThinAI kA mUla kAraNa pAli nikAya meM nirvANa kA vibhinna dRSTiyoM se bhinna-bhinna prakAra se vivecana kiyA jAnA hai| zrI puseM evaM prophesara nalinAkSa datta" ne bauddha 15. ( a ) yaMprApya na nivartante taddhAma paramaM mama / gItA 8 / 21 (ba) yadgatvA na nivartante taddhAma paramaM mama / gItA 15 / 6 / ( sa ) mAmupetya punarjanma duHkhAlayamazAzvatam / nApnuvanti mahAtmAnaM saMsiddhi paramAM gatAH / gItA 8 / 15 16. gItA - 8 / 20 / 21 17. akSara brahma paramaM svabhAvo vAtyamucyate / 18. zAntiM nirvANaparamAM - - gItA 6 / 15 - gItA 8|3 1 19. sukhena brahma saMsparzamatyantaM sukhamaranutte / gItA 6 / 28 20 mukhamAtyantikaM grAhyamatIndriyam gItA 6 / 21 21. dekhiye ina sAiklopeDiyA Apha ithiksa eNDa rIlijiyana / 22. AspekTa Apha mahAyAna ina rilezana TU hInayAna / 47
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________________ nirvANa ke saMbandha meM vidvAnoM ke dRSTikoNoM ko nimna rUpa se vargIkRta kiyA hai:-- 1. nirvANa eka abhAvAtmaka tathya hai| 2. nirvANa anirvacanIya avyaya avasthA hai / 3. nirvANa kI buddha ne koI vyAkhyA nahIM dI hai| 4. nirvANa bhAvAtmaka; vizuddha evaM pUrNa cetanA kI avasthA hai| bauddha darzana ke avAntara pramukha sampradAyoM kA nirvANa ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM bhinna prakAra se dRSTi bheda hai-- 1. vaibhASika saMpradAya ke anusAra nirvANa saMskAroM yA saMskRta dharmoM kA abhAva hai kyoMki saMskRta dharmatA hI anityatA hai, yahI dharmoM kA bandhana hai, yahI duHkha hai, lekina nirvANa to duHkha nirodha hai, bandhanAbhAva hai aura isaliye vaha eka asaMskRta dharma hai aura asaMskRta dharma ke rUpa meM usakI bhAvAtmaka sattA hai / vaibhASika mata meM nirvANa ke svarUpa ko abhidharma koSa vyAkhyA meM nimna prakAra se batAyA gayA hai "nirvANa nitya, asaMskRta svataMtra sattA, pRthakmata, satya padArtha dravya sat hai|"23 nirvANa meM saMskAra yA paryAyoM kA abhAva hotA hai lekina yahAM saMskAroM ke abhAva kA artha anastitva nahIM hai| varan eka bhAvAtmaka avasthA hI hai / nirvANa asaMskRta dharma hai| pro0 zaravAtskI ne vaibhASika nirvANa ko ananta mRtyu kahA hai / unake anusAra nirvANa AdhyAtmika avasthA nahIM hai, varan cetanA evaM kriyA zUnya jar3a avasthA hai| lekina zrI esa0 ke0 mukarjI pro0 nalinAkSa datta 25 aura pro0 mati 20 ne zaravAtskI ke isa dRSTikoNa kA virodha kiyA hai / ina vidvAnoM ke anusAra vaibhASika nirvANa nizcita rUpa se eka bhAvAtmaka avasthA hai| jisameM yadyapi saMskAroM kA abhAva hotA hai lekina phira bhI usakI asaMskRta dharma ke rUpa meM bhAvAtmaka sattA hotI hai| vaibhASika nirvANa meM cetanA kA astitva hotA hai yA nahIM hai ? yaha prazna bhI vivAdAspada hai| pro0 zaravAtskI nirvANa dazA meM cetanA kA abhAva mAnate haiM. lekina pro0 mukarjI isa saMbandha meM eka pariSkArita dRSTikoNa prastuta karate haiN| unake anusAra yazomitra kI abhidharmakoSa kI TIkA ke AdhAra para nirvANa kI dazA meM vizaddha mAnasa yA cetanA rahatI hai| vidvatavarya baladeva upAdhyAya ne bauddha darzana mImAMsA meM vaibhASika bauddhoM ke eka tibbatIya upasaMpradAya kA varNana kiyA hai / jisake anusAra nirvANa kI avasthA meM kevala vAsanAtmaka evaM klezotpAdaka (sAsava) cetanA kA hI abhAva hotA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki nirvANa kI dizA meM anA srava vizuddha cetanA kA astitva banA rahatA hai / vaibhASikoM ke isa upasaMpradAya kA yaha dRSTikoNa jaina vicAraNA ke nirvANa ke ati samIpa A jAtA hai / kyoMki yaha bhI jaina vicAraNA ke samAna nirvANAvasthA meM sattA (astitva) aura cetanA (jJAnopayoga evaM darzanopayoga) donoM ko svIkAra karatA hai / vaibhASika dRSTikoNa nirvANa kI saMskAroM kI dRSTi se abhAvAtmaka, dravya satyatA kI dRSTi se bhAvAtmaka evaM bauddhika vivecanA kI dRSTi se anirvacanIya mAnatA hai / phira bhI usakI vyAkhyAoM meM nirvANa kA bhAvAtmaka yA sattAtmaka pakSa adhika ubharA hai| 2. sautrAntika sampradAya--vaibhASika ke anusAra yaha mAnate hue bhI ki nirvANa saMskAroM kA abhAva hai, yaha svIkAra nahIM karatA ki hai ki asaMskRta dharma kI koI bhAvAtmaka sattA hotI hai / inake anusAra kevala parivartanazIlatA hI tatva kA yathArtha svarUpa hai / ataH sautrAntika nirvANa kI dazA meM kisI asaMskRta aparivartanazIla nitya tatva kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karate / unakI mAnyatA meM aisA karanA buddha ke anityavAda aura kSaNikavAda kI avahelanA karanA hai / pro0 zaravAtskI ke anusAra sautrAntika sampradAya meM "nirvANa kA artha hai jIvana kI prakriyA kA samApta ho jAnA jisake pazcAt aisA koI jIvanazUnya tatva zeSa nahIM rahatA hai jisakI jIvana prakriyA samApta ho gaI hai|" nirvANa kSaNika cetanA pravAha kA samApta ho jAnA hai jisake samApta ho jAne para kucha bhI avazeSa nahIM rahatA / kyoMki inake anusAra parivartana hI satya hai / parivartanazIlatA ke atirikta tatva kI koI svataMtra sattA nahIM hai| aura nirvANadazA meM parivartanoM kI zrRMkhalA samApta ho jAtI hai ataH usake pare koI sattA zeSa nahIM rahatI hai / isa prakAra sautrAntika nirvANa mAtra abhAvAtmaka avasthA hai / vartamAna meM barmA aura laMkA ke bauddha nirvANa ko abhAvAtmaka anastitva ke rUpa meM dekhate haiM / nirvANa se bhAvAtmaka, abhAvAtmaka aura anirvacanIya pakSoM kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sautrAntika vicAraNA nirvANa ke abhAvAtmaka pakSa para adhika bala detI hai / yadyapi isa prakAra sautrAntrika sampradAya kA nirvANa kA abhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa jaina vicAraNA ke virodha meM jAtA hai, lekina sautrAntika meM bhI eka aisA upasaMpradAya thA jisake anusAra nirvANa pUrNatayA abhAvAtmaka dazA nahIM thA / unake anusAra nirvANa avasthA meM bhI vizuddha cetanA paryAyoM kA pravAha rahatA hai / yaha dRSTikoNa jaina vicAraNA kI isa mAnyatA ke nikaTa AtA hai jisake anusAra nirvANa kI avasthA meM bhI AtmA meM pariNAmIpana banA rahatA hai arthAt mokSadazA meM AtmA meM cetanya jJAna dhArA satata rUpa se pravAhita hotI rahatI hai / 3. vijJAnavAda : yogAcAra-mahAyAna ke pramukha graMtha laMkAvatAra ke anusAra nirvANa sapta pravRttivijJAnoM kI apravRttAvasthA 23. dravyaM sat pratisaMkhyA nirodhaH satyacatuSTaya-nirdeza-nirddhiSTa tvAt mArga satyeva iti vaibhASikAH -yazomitra-abhidharma koSa vyAkhyA pRSTha 17 24. buddhisTa nirvANa pRSTha 27 25. AspekTa Apha mahAyAna ina rilezana TU hInayAna pRSTha 162 26. seMTrala philAsaphI Apha buddhijma pRSTha 272-73 27. buddhisTa philAsaphI Apha yunivarsala phlaksa pRSTha 252 28. (a) e kampereTiva sTaDI Apha dI kAnasepTa Apha lIbarezana ___ ina iMDiyana philAsaphI, pRSTha 69 (ba) bauddha darzana mImAMsA, pRSTha 147 48 rAjendra-jyoti
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________________ hai, cittapravRttiyoM kA nirodha hai / " sthiramati ke anusAra nirvANa klezAvaraNa aura jJeyAvaraNa kA kSaya hai / asaMga ke anusAra nivRtta citta (nirmANa) acitta hai, kyoMki yaha viSayoM kA grAhaka nahIM hai| vaha anupalambha hai kyoMki usakA koI bAhya AlaMbana nahIM hai aura isa prakAra AlaMbana rahita hone se vaha lokottara jJAna hai / dauSThulya arthAt AvaraNa (klezAvaraNa aura kSeyAvaraNa) ke naSTa ho jAne senivRtti (AyavijJAna) parAvRta nahIM hotA, pravRta nahIM hotA / " vaha anAvaraNa anAsvadhAtu hai, lekina asaMga kevala isa niSedhAtmaka vivecana se saMtuSTa nahIM hote, ve nirvANa kI anirvacanIya aura bhAvAtmaka vyAkhyA bhI prastuta karate haiM / nirvANa acintya hai, kyoMki tarka se use jAnA nahIM jA sakatA lekina acintya hote hue bhI vaha kuzala hai, zAzvata hai, sukharUpa hai, vimuktakAya hai aura dharmAsya hai / isa prakAra vijJAnavAdI mAnyatA meM nirvANa kI abhAvaparaka aura bhAvaparaka vyAkhyAoM ke sAtha-sAtha unakI anirvacanIyatA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH nirvANa ke anirvacanIya svarUpa ke vikAsa kA zreya vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda ko hI hai / laMkAvatAra sUtra meM nirvANa ke anirvacanIya svarUpa kA sarvocca vikAsa dekhA jA sakatA hai| laMkAvasUtra ke anusAra nirvANa vicAra kI koTiyoM ke pare hai lekina phira bhI vijJAnavAda - nirvANa ko usa AdhAra para nitya mAnA jA sakatA hai ki nirvANa lAbha se utpanna jJAna hotA hai / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para vijJAnavAdI nirvANa kA jaina vicAraNA meM nimna arthoM meM sAmya hai / 1. nirvANa cetanA kA abhAva nahIM hai varan vizuddha cetanA kI avasthA hai / 2. nirvANa samasta saMkalpoM kA kSaya hai vaha cetanA kI nirvikalpAvasthA hai / 3. nirvANAvasthA meM bhI caitanya dhArA satata pravAhamAna rahatI hai ( AtmapariNAmIpana ) / 33 yadyapi DA. candradhara zarmA ne Alaya vijJAna ko aparivartanIya yA kUTastha mAnA hai lekina zrI baldeva upAdhyAya use pravAhamAna yA parivartanazIla mAnate haiM 134 4. nirvANAvasthA sarvajJatA kI avasthA hai / jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra usa avasthA meM kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana hote haiM / asaMga ne mahAyAna sUtrAlaMkAra meM dharmakAya jo nirvANa kI paryAyavAcI hai, ko svAbhAvika kAya kahA hai / 35 jaina vicAraNA bhI mokSa ko svabhAva dazA kahatA hai / svAbhAvika kAya aura svabhAvadazA aneka arthoM meM arthasAmya rakhate haiM / 29. laMkAvatAra sUtra - 2 / 62 30. jJeyAvaraNa prahANamapi mokSa sarvazatyAdhigamArtham- sthiramati triMziko vi. bhA. pU. 15 31. acitto'nupalambho'sau jJAnaM lokocaraM catata / AzrayasyaparAvRtivAtadoSThulya hAni-29 32. sa evAnAsI dhAturavinayaH kuzalo dhruvaH nidhikA 30 33. e kriTIkala sarve Apha iMDiyana philAsaphI / 34. bauddha darzana mImAMsA 35. mahAyAna sUtrAlaMkAra 9160, mahAyAna - zAntibhikSu pR. 73 zrI. mi. saM. 2503 zUnyavAdaH -- bauddha darzana ke mAdhyamika saMpradAya meM nirvANa ke anirvacanIya svarUpa kA sarvAdhika vikAsa huA hai| jaina tathA anya dArzanikoM ne zUnyatA kA abhAvAtmaka artha grahaNa kara mAdhyamika nirvANa ko abhAvAtmaka rUpa meM dekhA hai| lekina yaha usa saMpradAya ke dRSTikoNa ko samajhane meM sabase bar3I bhrAnti hI kahI jA sakatI hai| mAdhyamika dRSTi se nirvANa anirvacanIya hai, catuSkoTi vinirmukta hai, vahI parama tatva hai| vaha na bhAva hai, na abhAva hai / 38 yadi vANI se usakA nirvacana karanA hI Avazyaka ho to mAtra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki nirvANa aprahANa, asamprApta, anuccheda, azAzvata, aniruddha, anutpanna hai / " nirvANa ko bhAva rUpa isaliye nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai ki bhAvAtmaka vastu yA to nitya hogI yA anitya hogii| nitya mAnane para nirvANa ke liye prayAsoM kA koI artha nahIM hogA / anitya mAnane para binA prayAsa hI mokSa hogA / nirvANa ko abhAva bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, anyathA tathAgata ke dvArA usakI prApti kA upadeza kyoM diyA jAtA / nirvANa ko prahANa samprApta bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA anyathA nirvANa kRtaka evaM kAlika hogA aura yaha mAnanA par3egA ki vaha kAla vizeSa meM utpanna huA aura yadi vaha utpanna huA to vaha jarAmaraNa ke samAna anitya hI hogA / nirvANa ko uccheda yA zAzvata bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA anyathA zAstA ke madhyama mArga kA ullaMghana hogA aura hama ucchedavAda yA zAzvatavAda kI mithyAdRSTi se grasita hoNge| isaliye mAdhyamika naya meM nirvANa bhAva aura abhAva donoM nahIM hai| vaha to sarva saMkalpanAoM kA kSaya hai, prapaMcopasamatA hai / bauddha dArzanikoM evaM vartamAna yuga ke vidvAnoM meM bauddha darzana meM nirvANa ke svarUpa ko lekara jo matabheda dRSTigata hotA hai, usakA mUla kAraNa buddha dvArA nirvANa kA vividha dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para vivAda rUpa se kathana kiyA jAnA hai| pAlI - nikAya meM nirvANa ke ina vividha svarUpoM kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai / udAna nAmaka laghu grantha se hI nirvANa ke ina vividha rUpoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| ! nirvANa eka bhAvAtmaka tathya hai: -- isa saMbandha meM buddha vacana isa prakAra haiM-'bhikSuoM (nirmANa) ajAta, amRta, akRta, asaMskRta hai / bhikSuo ! yadi yaha ajAta, amUrta, akRta, asaMskRta nahIM hotA, to jAta, mUrta aura saMskRta kA vyupazama nahIM ho sakatA / bhikSuo ! kyoMki vaha ajAta, amUrta, akRta aura asaMskRta hai isaliye jAta mUrta kRta aura saMskRta kA vyupazama jAnA jAtA 1 36. bhAvAbhAva parAmarzakSayo nirvANaM ucyate / mAdhyamika kArikA vRtti pR. 524 uddhRta dI seMTrala philAsaphI Apha buddhijma - TI. Ara. vhI. mUrtI pR. 274 37. aprahANama samprApta manucchinnamazAzvatam / aniruddha manutpannema tannirvANamucyate / / - mAdhyamika kArikA vRtti pR. 521 49
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________________ hai / dhammapada meM nirvANa ko parama sukha, acyuta sthAna, amRta pada" kahA gayA hai jise prApta kara lene para na cyuti kA bhaya hotA hai na zoka hotA hai use zAMta saMsAropazama evaM sukhapada bhI kahA gayA hai / 1 itivRttaka meM kahA gayA vaha dhruva, na utpanna hone vAlA, zoka aura rAga rahita hai / sabhI dukhoM kA vahA~ nirodha ho jAtA hai| vaha saMskAroM kI zAnti evaM sukha hai| AcArya baddhaghoSa nirvANa kI bhAvAtmakatA kA samarthana karate hue vizuddhimagga meM likhate haiM "nirvANa nahIM hai aisA nahIM kahanA cAhiye / prameva aura jarAmaraNa ke abhAva se nitya hai / azithila parAkrama siddha hone se vizeSa jJAna ke dvArA prApta kie jAne se aura sarvajJa ke vacana tathA paramArtha se nirvANa avidyamAna nahIM hai 143 nirvANa kI abhAvAtmakatA:--nirvANa kI abhAvAtmakatA ke saMbandha meM udAna ke rUpa meM nimna buddha vacana haiM "lohe ke dhana kI coTa par3ane para jo cinagAriyA~ uThatI haiM so turanta bujha jAtI haiMkahA~ gaI kucha patA nahIM cltaa| isI prakAra kAma bandhana se mukta ho nirvANa pAye hue puruSa kI gati koI bhI patA nahIM lagA sakatA / zarIra chor3a diyA, saMjJA niruddha ho gaI, sArI vedanAoM ko bhI bilakula jalA diyaa| saMskAra zAnta ho gae, vijJAna asta ho gayA / / 46 lekina dIpa zikhA aura agni ke bujha jAne athavA saMjJA ke niruddha ho jAne kA artha abhAva nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| AcArya buddhaghoSa vizuddhimagga meM kahate haiM ki nirodha kA vAstavika artha tRSNAkSaya athavA virAga hai / pro. kItha evaM pro. nalinAkSa datta agnivacchagottasutta ke AdhAra para yaha siddha karate haiM ki bujha jAne kA artha abhAvAtmakatA nahIM hai varan astitva kI rahasyamaya avarNanIya avasthA hai| prophesara kItha ke anusAra nirvANa abhAva nahIM varan cetanA kA apane mUla (vAstavika zuddha) svarUpa meM avasthita honA hai| prophesara nalinAkSa datta ke zabdoM meM "nirvANa kI agni zikhA ke bujha jAne se, kI jAne vAlI tulanA samucita hai kyoMki bhAratIya cintana meM Aga ke bujha jAne se tAtparya usake anastitva se na ho kara usakA svAbhAvika zuddha avyakta avasthA meM calA jAnA hai jisameM ki vaha apane dRzya pragaTana ke pUrva rahI huI thii| bauddha dArzanika saMghabhadra kA bhI yahI nirUpaNa hai ki agni kI upamA se hamako yaha kahane kA adhikAra nahIM hai ki nirvANa abhAva hai / 47' milinda prazna ke anusAra bhI nirvANa dhAtu asti dharmaH (atthidhamma) ekAnta sukha evaM apratibhAga hai usakA lakSaNa svarUpataH nahIM batAyA jA sakatA kintu guNataH dRSTAMta ke rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra jala pyAsa ko zAnta karatA hai nirvANa trividha tRSNA ko zAnta karatA hai| nirvANa ko akRta kahane se bhI usakI ekAnta abhAvAtmakatA siddha nahIM hotI / Arya (sAdhaka) nirvANa kA utpAda nahIM karatA, phira bhI vaha usakA sAkSAtkAra (sAkSIkaroti) evaM pratilAbha (prApnoti) karatA hai / vastutaH nirvANa ko abhAvAtmakarUpa meM isaliye kahA jAtA hai ki anirvacanIya kA nirvacana karane meM bhAvAtmaka bhASA kI apekSA abhAvAtmaka bhASA adhika saMgata hotI hai| nirvANa kI anirvacanIyatA:-nirvANa kI anirvacanIyatA ke sambandha meM nimna buddha vacana upalabdha hai--"bhikSuo! na to maiM use agati aura na gati kahatA hUM, na sthiti aura na cyuti kahatA hU~, use utpatti bhI nahIM kahatA huuN| vaha na to kahIM ThaharA hai na pravartita hotA hai aura na usakA koI AdhAra hai / yahI duHkhoM kA anta hai|"48 bhikSuo ! 40 ananta kA samajhanA kaThina hai, nirvANa kA samajhanA AsAna nahIM hai / jJAnI kI tRSNA naSTa ho jAtI hai use (rAgAdikleza) kucha nahIM hai / 50 jahA~ (nirvANa) jala, pRthvI, agni aura vAyu nahIM ThaharatI, vahA~ na to zukra aura na Aditya prakAza karate haiM / vahA~ candramA kI prabhA nahIM hai, na vahA~ aMdhakAra hI hotA hai| jaba kSINazrava bhikSu apane Apako jAna letA hai taba rUpa-arUpa, tathA sukha-dukha se chUTa jAtA hai| udAna kA yaha vacana hameM gItA ke usa kathana kI yAda dilA detA hai jahA~ zrI kRSNa kahate haiM ki jahA~ na pavana bahatA hai, na cadra, sUrya, prakAzita hote haiM, jahA~ para punaH punaH isa saMsAra meM AyA nahIM jAtA vahI merA (AtmA kA) paramadhAma (svasthAna) hai| 47. bauddha dharma darzana pR. 294 para uddhRta 48. udAna 81 49. mUla pAlI meM yahA~ pAThAtara hai-tIna pATha milate haiM / 1. anattaM 2. anataM 3. anantaM / hamane yahA~ "anantaM" zabda kA artha grahaNa kiyA hai / AdaraNIya kAzyapajI ne anata (anAtma) pATha ko adhika upayukta mAnA hai lekina aTakathA meM donoM hI artha lie gaye haiN| 50. udAna 8 / 3 51. yattha Apo na paThavI tejo vAyo na gAthati / na tathya sukkA jovanti Adicco na ppakAmati / / na tathya candimA bhAti tamo tathya na vijjati / udAna 1 / 10 tulanA kIjie-na tamdAsayate sUryoM na zazAMko na pAvaka / yadgatvA na nivartante tadhdAma paramaM mama / / gItA 15 / 6 38. udAna 813 pR. 110-111 : aisA hI varNana itivRttaka 2 / 2 / 6 meM bhI hai| 39. dhammapada 203,204 (nirvANa parama sukhaM) 40. amataM santi nibvANa padamatvutaM-sutta-nipAta-pArAyaNa vagga 41. dhammapada 368 42. ittivRttaka 2 / 2 / 6 43. vizuddhimagga (pariccheda 16 bhAga 2 pR. 119 se 121) hindI anuvAda bhikSu dharmarakSita / 44. udAna pATaligrAma varga 8110 45. udAna 8 / 9 46. vizuchimagga pariccheda 8 evaM 16 rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Interational
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________________ bauddha nirvANa kI yaha vizada vivecanA hameM isa niSkarSa para le jAtI hai ki prAraMbhika bauddha darzana kA nirvANa abhAvAtmaka tathya nahIM thaa| isake liye nimna tarka prastuta kiye jA sakate haiN| 1. nirvANa yadi abhAva mAtra hotA to vaha tRtIya Arya satya kaise hotA ? kyoMki abhAva Aryacitta kA AlaMbana nahIM ho sktaa| 2. tRtIya Arya satya kA viSaya dravya sat nahIM hai to usake upadeza kA kyA mUlya hogA? 3. yadi nirvANa mAtra abhAva hai to uccheda dRSTi samyak dRSTi hogI--lekina buddha ne to sadaiva hI uccheda dRSTi ko mithyAdRSTi kahA hai| 4. mahAyAna kI dharmakAya kI dhAraNA aura usakI nirvANa se ekarUpatA tathA vijJAnavAda ke Alaya-vijJAna kI dhAraNA nirvANa kI abhAvAtmaka avasthA ke viparIta par3ate haiM / ataH nirvANa kA tAtvika svarUpa abhAva siddha nahIM hotA hai / use abhAva yA nirodha kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki usameM vAsanA yA tRSNA kA abhAva hai / lekina jisa prakAra roga kA abhAva, abhAva mAtra hai phira bhI sadbhUta hai, use Arogya kahate haiN| usI prakAra kA tRSNA abhAva bhI sadbhUta hai, use sukha kahA jAtA hai / dUsare use abhAva isaliye bhI kahA jAtA hai ki sAdhaka meM zAzvatavAda ko mithyAdRSTi bhI utpanna nahIM ho| rAga kA prahANa hone se nirvANa meM maiM (ataH) aura merApana (attA) nahIM hotA isI dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para use abhAva kahA jAtA hai / nirvANa rAga kA, aMha kA pUrNa vigalana hai| lekina ahaM.yA mamatva kI samApti ko abhAva nahIM kahA jA sktaa| nirvANa kI abhAvAtmaka kalpanA anatta kA galata artha samajhane se utpanna huI hai / bauddha darzana meM anAtma (anatta) zabda Atma (tatva) kA abhAva nahIM batAtA varan yaha batAtA hai ki jagata meM apanA yA merA koI nahIM hai| anAtma kA upadeza Asakti (mamatva buddhi) ke prahANa ke liye, tRSNA ke kSaya ke liye hai / nirvANa "tatva" kA abhAva nahIM varan apanepana yA ahaM kA abhAva hai| vaha vaiyaktikatA kA abhAva hai, vyaktitva kA nahIM / anatta (anAtmA) vAda kI pUrNatA yaha batAne meM hai ki jagata meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai jise merA yA apanA kahA jA sake / sabhI anAtma haiM isa zikSA kA saccA artha yahI hai ki merA kucha bhI nahIM hai / kyoMki jahA~ merApana (atta bhAva) AtA hai vahA~ rAga evaM tRSNA kA udaya hotA hai| sva kI para meM avasthiti hotI hai, AtmadRSTi (mamatva) utpatna hotI hai / lekina yahIM AtmadRSTi sva kA para meM avasthita honA athavA rAga evaM tRSNA kI vRtti bandhana hai, jo tRSNA hai vahI rAga hai aura jo rAga hai vahI apanApana hai| nirvANa meM tRSNA kA kSaya hone se rAga nahIM hotA, rAga nahIM hone se apanApana (attA) bhI nahIM hotA / bauddha nirvANa kI abhAvAtmakatA kA sahI artha ima apanepana kA abhAva hai, vaha tatva kA abhAva nahIM hai vastutaH tatva lakSaNa kI dRSTi se nirvANa eka bhAvAtmaka avasthA hai| mAtra vAsanAtmaka paryAyoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa hI vaha abhAva kahA jAtA hai| ataH prophesara kItha aura nalinAkSa datta kI yaha mAnyatA ki bauddha nirvANa abhAva nahIM hai, bauddha vicAraNA kI mUla vicAradRSTi ke nikaTa hI hai / yadyapi bauddha nirvANa eka bhAvAtmaka tathya hai phira bhI bhAvAtmaka bhASA usakA yathArtha citra prastuta karane meM samartha nahIM hai kyoMki bhAva kisI pakSa ko batAtA hai aura pakSa ke liye pratipakSa kI svIkRti anivArya hai jaba ki nirvANa to pakSAtikrAnta hai / niSedhamUlaka kathana kI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai ki usake liye kisI pratipakSa kI svIkRti Avazyaka nahIM hotI ataH anirvacanIya kA nirvacana karane meM niSedhAtmaka bhASA kA prayoga hI adhika samIcIna hai| isa niSedhAtmaka vivecanazailI ne nirvANa kI abhAvAtmaka kalpanA ko adhika prabala banAyA hai / vastutaH nirvANa anirvacanIya hai| (aparigraha : eka anucintana......pRSTha 40 kA zeSa) sakatA hai / balaprayoga se nahIM parantu svecchApUrvaka saMgrahita vastu to koI manuSya bhUkhA, gRhahIna evaM asahAya na rahe / bhagavAn kA yogya vitaraNa karanA hI aparigrahavAda hai| Aja kI sukha- mahAvIra kA yaha aparigraha siddhAnta hI mAnava jAti kA kalyANa suvidhAe~ muTThI bhara logoM pAsa ekatra ho gaI haiM aura zeSa samAja kara sakatA hai / bhUkhI janatA ke A~sU poMcha sakatA hai / yaha siddhAnta abhAvagrasta hai / na usakI bhautika unnati ho rahI hai aura na Adhunika yuga kI jvalaMta samasyAoM kA sAmayika sarvottama samAAdhyAtmika / saba ora bhukhamarI kI mahAmArI janatA kA sarvagrAsa dhAna hai| vizva zAnti ke liye isase bar3ha kara aura koI sAdhana karane ke liye maha phailAye huve hai| yadi pratyeka manuSya ke pAsa kevala nahIM hai| usakI AvazyakatAoM ke anurUpa hI sukha-suvidhA kI sAmagrI rahe vI.ni.saM. 2503 Jain Education Intemational