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________________ 23 jaina-bauddha darzana meM karmavAda DaoN0 bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara Izvara kI paratantratA se nirmukta hokara Atma-svAtantrya kI pRSThabhUmi meM satkarmoM kI pratiSThA karanA karmavAda kA pramukha siddhAnta rahA hai| pratyeka vyakti meM AtmA kI parama zakti ko prApta karane kI kSamatA vidyamAna rahatI hai jo avidyA, prakRti, ajJAna, adRSTa, moha, vAsanA, saMskAra Adi ke kAraNa pracchanna ho jAtI hai| mithyAdarzanAdi pariNAmoM se saMyukta hokara jIva ke dvArA jinakA upArjana kiyA jAtA hai ve karma kahalAte haiM-'jIvaM paratantrI kurvantIti karmANi / ' athavA 'mithyAdarzanAdipariNAmaiH kriyante iti karmANi / ' donoM darzanoM kI dRSTi se yahI karma saMsaraNa kA kAraNa hotA hai aura isI ke samUla vinAza ho jAne para nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai / bauddhadharma meM karma ko caitasika kahA gayA hai aura vaha citta ke Azrita rahatA hai| jaina dharma meM bhI karma AtmA ke Azraya se utpannaM mAne gaye haiN| jaina dharma meM triyoga (mana, vacana, kAya) ko Asrava aura baMdha tathA saMvara aura nirjarA kA mUla kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| bauddhadharma meM bhI karma tIna prakAra ke haiM (1) cetanA karma (mAnasika karma) aura (2-3) cetayitvA karma (kAyika aura vAcika krm)| inheM 'tridaNDa' kahA gayA hai| inameM se manodaNDa hInatama aura sAvadyatama karma mAnA gayA hai| jainadharma kI bhI yahI mAnyatA hai / usameM bIsa AsravoM meM pAMcavAM Asrava yoga Asrava hai| usake tIna bheda hote haiMmanayoga, vacanayoga aura kAyayoga / isI taraha karma ke tIna rUpa bhI batAye gaye haiM-kRta, kArita aura anumodana / inameM yadyapi tInoM karma samAna doSotpAdaka haiM para kRtakarma apekSAkRta adhika doSI mAnA jAtA hai yadi usake sAtha mana kA saMbaMdha hai| bauddhadharma meM karma kI paripUrNatA ke lie cAra bAtoM kI AvazyakatA batAyI gayI hai (1) prayoga (cetanA karma) arthAt icchA (2) maula prayoga (kArya prAraMbha) (3) maula karmapatha (vijJapti kAyakarma tathA zubha-azubha rUpa avijJapti karma), tathA Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ jaina-bauddha darzana meM karmavAda ] (4) pRSTha ( karma karane ke uparAnta zeSa karma) / karma karane kI ye cAra kramika sthitiyA~ haiM / isI taraha karma ke anya prakAra se bhI bheda kiye gaye haiM ( 1 ) vijJapti karma ( kAya - vAk dvArA citta kI abhivyakti) ( 2 ) avijJapti karma (vijJapti se utpanna kuzala - akuzala karma ) [ 165 1 'visuddhimagga' meM karma ko prarUpI kahA gayA hai para 'abhidharmakoza' meM use vijJapti arthAt rUpI va apratidha mAnA gayA hai / sautrAntika darzana karma ko arUpI mAnakara jaina darzana ke samAna use sUkSma mAnatA hai / bauddha darzana meM karma ko mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika mAnakara use vijJapti rUpa kahA hai / unheM 'saMskAra' bhI kahA jAtA hai / ve vAsanA aura avijJapti rUpa bhI haiM / mAnasika saMskAra karma 'vAsanA' kahalAtA hai aura vAcika tathA kAyika saMskAra karma 'avijJapti' mAnA jAtA hai / ye donoM vijJapti aura avijJapti karma bhAvoM ke anusAra zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke hote haiM / jainadharma ke dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kI tulanA kisI sImA taka inase kI jA sakatI hai / vAsanA aura avijJapti karma jainadharma kA dravyakarma ( kArmAraNa zarIra ) aura saMskAra tathA vijJapti karma jainadharma kA bhAvakarma mAnA jA sakatA hai / vijJaptivAdI bauddhadharma ko vAsanA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM / prajJAkara gupta ke anusAra sAre kArya vAsanAjanya hote haiM / zUnyavAdI bauddhadarzana meM vAsanA kA sthAna mAyA yA avidyA ko diyA gayA hai / jainadharma ke samAna bauddhadharma meM bhI cetanAkarma ko mukhyakarma mAnA gayA hai / use citta sahagata dharma kahA hai / mAnasika dharma usakI apara saMjJA hai / yaha cetanA citta ko AkAra vizeSa pradAna karatI hai aura pratisandhi (janma) ke _ banAtI hai | cetanA ke kAraNa hI zubhAzubha karma hote haiM aura tadanusAra hI usakA phala hotA hai / yaha manasikAra do prakAra kA hai (1) yonizo manasikAra ( anitya ko anitya tathA anAtmA ko anAtma mAnanA ) (2) yonizo manasikAra ( anitya ko nitya tathA nitya ko anitya mAnanA / inameM prathama samyaktva aura dvitIya mithyAtva karma hai jainadharma kI paribhASA meN| mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika karma ko yahA~ 'yoga' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / jisase ATha karmoM kA cheda ho ve kRtikarma haiM aura jinase puNyakarma kA saMcaya ho ve citkarma haiM / bauddhadharma ke samAna jainadharma meM bhI cetanAkarma hai jise bhAva vizeSa Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 166 ] [ karma siddhAnta kahA gayA hai / vaha kuzala - akuzala ke samAna zuddha-azuddha hotI hai / cetanA karma ke do rUpa haiM - darzana aura jJAna / cetanA, anubhUti, upalabdhi aura vedanA ye sabhI zabda samAnArthaka haiM / yonizo manasikAra ko jJAnacetanA aura ayonizo manasikAra ko ajJAnacetanA kaha sakate haiM / samyagdRSTi ko hI jJAnacetanA hotI hai aura mithyAdRSTi ko karma tathA karmaphala cetanA hotI hai / jainadharma ke jJAnAvaraNIya karma aura darzanAvaraNIya karma jaise karma bauddhadharma nahIM milte| jJAna aura darzana zrAtmA ke guNa haiM / bauddhadharma AtmA ko mAnatA nahIM / ataH ina guNoM ke viSaya meM vahA~ adhika spaSTa vivecana nahIM milatA / zobhana caitasika vedanIya karma ke antargata rakhe jA sakate haiM / moha, ahIkya, anapatrApya, auddhatya, lobha, dRSTi, mAna, dveSa, IrSyA, mAtsarya, kaukRtya, styAna, middha evaM vicikitsA ye caudaha akuzala caitasika haiM / ina caitasikoM kI tulanA jainadharma ke bhAvakarma se kI jA sakatI hai / mohanIya karma ke antargata ye sabhI bhAvakarma A jAte haiM / bauddhadharma ke akuzala karma mohanIya karma ke bheda-prabhedoM meM samAhita ho jAte haiM / jIvitendriya jainadharma kA Ayukarma hai jise 'sarvacitta sAdhAraNa' kahA gayA hai / nAmakarma kI prakRtiyAM bhI bauddhadharma meM saralatApUrvaka mila sakatI haiM / zobhana caitasikoM meM zraddhA Adi zobhana sAdhAraNa, sammA vAcA Adi tIna viratiyA~ tathA karuNA, muditA do aprAmAnya caitasika jainadharma ke samyagdarzana ke guNoM meM dekhe jA sakate haiM / akuzala karmoM kI samApti hone para hI sAdhaka zraddhA, smRti, hrI, apabhApya, pralobha, adveSa, tatramadhyasthatA zrAdi guNoM kI prApti karatA hai / aise hI samaya samyagdarzana pragaTa hotA hai / yahA~ darzana kA artha zraddhA hai aura sapta tattvoM para bhalI prakAra jJAnapUrvaka zraddhA karanA hI samyagdarzana haiM / donoM dharmoM meM zraddhA ko prAthamikatA dI gaI hai / eka meM samyagdarzana hai to dUsarA use hI sammAdiTThI kahatA hai / yahA~ 'samyak' zabda vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM jur3A huA hai jo padArthoM ke yathArtha jJAnamUlaka zraddhA ko prastuta karatA hai / samyagdarzana ke niHzaMkita, niHkAMkSita Adi ATha aMga zobhana caitasikoM ko aura spaSTa kara dete haiM / ye vastutaH samyagdRSTi ke citta kI nirmalatA ko sUcita karate hue usakI vizeSatAoM ko batAte haiM / abhidhammatthasaMgaho ke prakIrNaka saMgraha meM citta caitasikoM kA saMyukta varNana kiyA gayA hai / citta caitasikoM ke vividha rUpa kisa-kisa prakAra se paraspara mizrita ho sakate haiM, ise yahA~ vedanA, hetu, kRtya, dvAra, AlaMbana tathA vastu kA AdhAra lekara spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / vedanA saMgraha ke sukha, duHkha, saumanasya, daurmanasva aura upekSA ko hama vedanIya karma ke bheda-prabhedo meM niyojita kara sakate haiN| anukaMpA, dAna, pUjA, pratiSThA, vaiyAvRtti Adi karma sAta vedanIya karma haiM aura Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ jaina-bauddha darzana meM karmavAda ] [ 167 duHkha, zoka, tApa, aAkrandana, badha, paridevana Adi karma asAtA vedanIya karma haiM / kRtya saMgraha meM nirdiSTa pratisaMdhi, bhavaMga Avarjana, darzana, zravaNa-ghrANa, AsvAdana, sparza, saMvaricchana Adi sabhI citta-caitasika ke kArya haiM / inheM jainadharma ke zabdoM meM karmayukta prAtmA ke paspinda kaha sakate haiN| bauddhadharma meM karma ke bheda aneka prakAra se kiye gaye haiM / bhUmicatuSka aura pratisaMdhi catuSka kA saMbaMdha jIva athavA citta ke pariNAmoM para AdhArita agrima gatiyoM meM janma lene se hai| kuzala-akuzala cetanA ke AdhAra para bauddhadharma meM janakakarma, upaSTambhaka karma (maraNAntakAla meM bhAvoM ke anusAra gati prAptika), upapIr3aka karma (karma vipAka ko gaharA karane vAlA) tathA upaghAtaka karma (karmaphala ko samUla naSTa karane vAlA) ye cAra bheda kiye gaye haiN| ye bheda vastutaH karma kI taratamatA para AdhArita haiN| kisI viSaya vizeSa se inakA saMbaMdha nahIM hai| pAkadAna paryAya kI dRSTi se garuka, Asanna Adi catuSka karma samaya para AdhArita haiM / vipAka catuSka karma bhI cAra haiM-dRSTadharmavedanIya upapadyavedanIya, aparaparyAyavedanIya aura ahosikarma / inheM hama prakRtibaMdha, sthitibaMdha aura anubhAgabaMdha ke sAtha tulanA kara sakate haiN| jainadharma meM varNita pradezabaMdha jaisA viSaya bauddhadharma meM dikhAI nahIM detaa| ___ jaina-bauddhadharma meM akuzala karmoM meM moha aura tajjanya mithyAdaSTi kA sthAna pramukha hai / mithyAdRSTi ko hI dUsare zabdoM meM 'zIlavata parAmarza' kahA gayA hai / jainadharma isI ko 'mithyAtva' saMjJA detA hai| sabase bar3A aMtara yaha hai ki jaina dharma AtmavAdI dharma hai jabaki bauddhadharma anAtmavAdI dharma hai / bauddhadharma prAtmavAda ko mithyAtva kahatA hai jabaki jainadharma prAtmavAda ko| isake bAvajUda anta meM calakara donoM eka hI sthAna para pahuMcate haiN| jainadharma aura bauddhadharma donoM pUrNataH karmavAdI dharma haiM isalie donoM dharmoM aura unake dArzanikoM ne karma kI sayuktika aura gaMbhIra vivecanA kI hai / donoM kA karmasAhitya bhI kAphI samRddha hai / prastuta laghu nibaMdha meM itane vistRta viSaya ko samAhita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha to eka mahAprabaMdha kA viSaya hai / ataH yahA~ itanA hI kahanA abhidheya rahA hai ki donoM dharmoM ke paribhASita zabdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jAye to hama pAyeMge ki unake ciMtana kA viSaya to eka hai para zailI aura bhASA bhinna hai / Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only