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________________ jaina Agama - sAhitya : eka dRSTipAta * AcArya zrI devendra muni zAstrI Agama- sAhitya vizvavAGmaya kI anamola nidhi hai| isameM jIvana ke AdhyAtmika unnayana kA pathapradarzana to milatA hI hai, sAtha hI saMskRti, itihAsa, darzana, khagola, gaNitakalA Adi vividha viSayoM kI bhI carcA AgamoM meM huI hai / AgamoM ke saMbaMdha meM anekavidha jijJAsAe~ ho sakatI haiM, uname se katipaya kA samAdhAna prastuta lekha meM huA hai| AgamoM ke mahattva, vargIkaraNa, nirguNa Agama, bhASA, Agama-viccheda lekhana Adi ke saMbaMdha meM yaha lekha sAragarbhita jAnakArI se paripUrNa hai prastuta lekha AcArya zrI devendramuni jI kI laghukRti (TrekTa) "jainAgama sAhitya eka parizIlana' se saMkalita kiyA gayA hai: AcArya zrI devendramuni jI ko Agama viSayaka eka prasiddha kRti hai- "jaina Agama sAhitya : ganana aura gomAMsA / vistRta adhyayana ke lie pAThaka usa pustaka kA avalokana kara sakate haiN| -sampAdaka Agama sAhitya kA mahattva jaina Agama - sAhitya bhAratIya - sAhitya kI anamola upalabdhi hai, anupama nidhi hai aura jJAna vijJAna kA akSaya bhaNDAra hai| akSara-deha se vaha jitanA vizAla aura virAT hai usase bhI kahIM adhika usakA sUkSma evaM gambhIra cintana vizada va mahAn hai / jainAgamoM kA parizIlana karane se sahaja hI jJAta hotA hai ki yahAM kevala kamanIya kalpanA ke gagana meM viharaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, na buddhi ke sAtha khilavAr3a hI kiyA gayA hai aura na anya mata matAntaroM kA nirAkaraNa hI kiyA gayA hai| jainAgama jIvana ke kSetra meM nayA svara, nayA sAja aura nayA zilpa lekara utarate haiN| unhoMne jIvana kA sajIva, yathArtha va ujAgara dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA hai, jIvanotthAna kI prabala preraNA pradAna kI hai, AtmA kI zAzvata sattA kA udghoSa kiyA hai aura usakI sarvocca vizuddhi kA patha pradarzita kiyA hai| usake sAdhana rUpa meM tyAga, vairAgya aura saMyama se jIvana ko camakAne kA saMdeza diyA hai| saMyamasAdhanA, Atma-ArAdhanA aura manonigraha kA upadeza diyA hai| jaina AgamoM ke puraskartA kevala dArzanika hI nahIM, apitu mahAn va saphala sAdhaka rahe haiN| unhoMne ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kI sAdhanA kI, kaThora tapa kI ArAdhanA kI aura antara meM jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya karmoM ko naSTa kara AtmA meM ananta pAramAtmika aizvarya ke darzana kiye| usake pazcAt unhoMne sabhI jIvoM kI rakSA rUpa dayA ke lie pravacana kie| Atma-sAdhanA kA navanIta jana-jana ke samakSa prastuta kiyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAgamoM meM jisa prakAra Atma-sAdhanA kA vaijJAnika aura kramabaddha varNana upalabdha hotA hai. vaisA kisI bhI prAcIna paurvAtya aura pAzcAttya vicAraka ke sAhitya meM nahIM miltaa| vedoM meM AdhyAtmika cintana nagaNya hai aura loka cintana adhika / usameM jitanA
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________________ jaina Agama sAhitya eka dRSTipAta 7 devastuti kA svara mukharita hai, utanA Atma-sAdhanA kA nhiiN| upaniSad AdhyAtmika cintana kI ora avazya hI agrasara hue haiM, kintu unakA brahmavAda aura AdhyAtmika vicAraNA itanI adhika dArzanika hai ki use sarva sAdhAraNa ke lie samajhanA kaThina hI nahIM, kaThinatara hai| jainAgamoM kI taraha Atma-sAdhanA kA anubhUta mArga unameM nahIM hai| DaoNkTara harmana jekobI, DaoNkTara zuviMga prabhRti pAzcAttya vicAraka bhI yaha satya tathya eka svara se svIkAra karate haiM ki jainAgamoM meM darzana aura jIvana kA, AcAra aura vicAra kA, bhAvanA aura kartavya kA jaisA sundara samanvaya huA hai, vaisA anya sAhitya meM durlabha hai| Agama ke paryAyavAcI zabda mUla vaidika zAstroM ko jaise 'veda', bauddha zAstroM ko jaise piTaka' kahA jAtA hai vaise hI jaina zAstroM ko 'zruta', 'sUtra' yA 'Agama' kahA jAtA hai | Ajakala 'Agama' zabda kA prayoga adhika hone lagA hai kintu atIta kAla meM 'zruta kevalI', 'zruta sthavira' zabdoM kA prayoga AgamoM meM aneka sthaloM para huA hai, kahIM para bhI Agama-kevalI yA Agama-sthavira kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| sUtra, grantha, siddhAnta, pravacana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApana, Agama, Aptavacana, aitihya, AmnAya, jinavacana aura zruta ye sabhI Agama ke hI paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| Agama kI paribhASA 'Agama' zabda - 'A' upasarga aura 'gam' dhAtu se niSpanna huA hai / 'A' upasarga kA artha 'samantAt' arthAt pUrNa hai aura 'gam' dhAtu kA artha gati prApti hai| 'Agama' zabda kI aneka paribhASAe~ AcAryoM ne kI haiN| 'jisase vastu tattva (padArtha rahasya) kA paripUrNa jJAna ho, vaha Agama hai| jo tattva AcAra- paramparA se vAsita hokara AtA hai, vaha Agama hai| Apta vacana se utpanna artha (padArtha) jJAna Agama kahA jAtA hai / upacAra se Aptavacana bhI Agama mAnA jAtA hai / Apta kA kathana Agama hai| jisase sahI zikSA prApta hotI hai, vizeSa jJAna upalabdha hotA hai vaha zAstra Agama yA zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra 'Agama' zabda samagra zruti kA paricAyaka hai, para jaina dRSTi se vaha vizeSa granthoM ke lie vyavahRta hotA hai| jaina dRSTi se Apta kauna hai ? prastuta prazna ke uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki jinhoMne rAga--dveSa ko jIta liyA hai ve jina, tIrthaMkara, sarvajJa bhagavAn Apta haiM aura unakA upadeza evaM vANI hI jainAgama hai, kyoMki unameM vaktA ke sAkSAt darzana evaM vItarAgatA ke kAraNa doSa kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hotI aura na
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________________ . jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka | pUrvApara virodha tathA yuktivAdha hI hotA hai| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu kahate hai -- 'tapa-niyama jJAna rUpa vRkSa ke Upara ArUDha hokara anantajJAnI ke balI bhagavAna bhavyAtmAoM ke vibodha ke lie jAnakusuma kI vRSTi karate haiN| gaNadhara apane buddhi-paTa meM una sakala kusumoM ko jhelakara pravacanamAlA gUMthane haiN| tIrthakara kevala artha rUpa meM upadeza dete haiM aura gaNadhara use granthabaddha yA sUtrabaddha karate haiN| arthAtmaka grantha ke praNetA tIrthakara hote haiN| etadartha AgamoM meM yatra tatra 'tassa NaM ayamaThe paNNatte' (samavAya) zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jaina AgamoM ko tIrthakara praNIta kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ para yaha vismaraNa nahIM honA cAhie ki jainAgamoM kI prAmANikatA kevala gaNadharakRta hone se hI nahIM hai, apitu usake artha prarUpaka tIrthakara kI vItarAgatA evaM sarvArtha sAkSAtkAritva ke kAraNa hai| __ jaina anuzruti ke anusAra gaNadhara ke samAna hI anya pratyeka buddha nirUpita Agama bho pramANa rUpa hote haiN| gaNadhara kevala dvAdazAMgI kI hI racanA karate haiN| aMga bAhya AgamoM kI racanA sthavira karate haiN| yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki gaNadhara sarvaprathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna ke samakSa yaha jijJAsA abhivyakta karate haiM ki bhagavana! tattva kyA hai? 'bhagavaM ki tanaM?' uttara meM bhagavAna unheM "umpannei vA, vigamei vA, dhruvei vA' yaha tripaTI pradAna karate haiM / tripadI ke phala svarUpa ve jina AgamoM kA nirmANa karate haiM ve Agama aMgapraviSTa kahalAte hai aura zeSa racanAe~ aMgabAhya dvAdazAMgI avazya hI gaNadhara kRta hai, kyoMki vaha vipadI se udbhUta hotI hai, kintu gaNadhara kRta samasta racanAeM aMga meM nahIM AtI tripado ke binA jo mukta vyAkaraNa se racanAeM hotI haiM ve cAhe gaNadharakRta he yA sthavirakRta, aMgabAhya kahalAtI haiN| sthavira do prakAra ke hote haiM- 1. sampUrNa zrutajJAnI aura 2. dazapUrvI / sampUrNa zrutajJAno caturdazapUrvI hote haiN| ve sUtra aura artha rUpa se sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI rUpa jinAgama ke jJAtA hote haiN| ve jo kacha bhI kahate haiM yA likhate haiM usakA kiMcit mAtra bhI virodha mUla jinAgama se nahIM hotaa| etadartha hI 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa bAta ko tIrthakara ne kahA hai usa bAta ko zrutakevalI bhI kaha sakatA hai| zrutakevalI bhI kevalo ke sadRza hI hotA hai| usameM aura kevalI meM vizeSa antara nahIM hotaa| kevalI samagratva ko pratyakSarUpeNa jAnate haiM, zrutakevalI usI samagratva ko parokSarUpeNa zrutajJAna dvArA jAnate haiN| etadartha unake vacana bhI prAmANika hone kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki dazapUrvadhara aura usase adhika pUrvadhara sAdhaka niyamata: samyag dRSTi hote haiN| 'tameva sannyaM NIsaMkaM jaM jiNehiM paveiyaM' tathA 'NiggaMthe pAvayaNe aDhe, ayaM paramaThe, sese paTTe' unakA mukhya ghoSa hotA hai ve sadA nirgrantha pravacana ko Age karake hI calate haiN| etadartha unake dvArA racita granthoM meM
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________________ jaina Agama-sAhitya : eka dRSTipAta . :... | dvAdazAMgoM se viruddha tathyoM kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hotI, unakA kathana dvAdazAMgI se aviruddha hotA hai| ataH unake dvArA racita granthoM ko bhI Agama ke samAna prAmANika mAnA gayA hai| parantu yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki unameM svata: prAmANya nahIM, parata: prAmANya hai| unakA parIkSaNa-prastara dvAdazAMgI hai| anya sthaviroM dvArA racita granthoM kI prAmANikatA aura aprAmANikatA kA mApadaNDa bhI yahI hai ki ve jinezvara devoM kI vANI ke anukUla haiM no prAmANika aura pratikUla haiM to apraamaannik| pUrva aura aMga jaina AgamoM kA prAcInatama vargIkaraNa 'samavAyAMga' meM milatA hai| vahAM Agama sAhitya kA 'pUrva' aura 'aMga ke rUpa meM vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| pUrva saMkhyA kI dRSTi se caudaha the aura aMga baarh| pUrva-'pUrva' zruta va Agama-sAhitya kI anupama maNimaMjUSA hai| koI bhI viSaya aisA nahIM hai jisa para pUrva sAhitya' meM vicAra carcA na kI gaI ho| pUrva zruta ke artha aura racanAkAla ke saMbaMdha meM vijJoM ke vibhinna mana haiN| AcArya abhayadeva Adi ke abhimatAnusAra dvAdazAMgI se prathama pUrva sAhitya nirmita kiyA gayA thaa| isI se usakA nAma pUrva rakhA gayA hai| kucha cintakoM kA yaha mantavya hai ki pUrva bhagavAna pAzvanAtha kI paramparA kI zruta rAzi hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUrvavartI hone ke kAraNa yaha 'pUrva' kahA gayA hai| jo ho, itanA to spaSTa hai ki pUrvo kI racanA dvAdazAMgI se pahale huii| vartamAna meM pUrva dvAdazAMgI se pRthaka nahIM mAne jAte haiN| dRSTivAda bArahavAM aMga hai| pUrvagana usI kA eka vibhAga hai tathA caudaha pUrva isI pUrvagata ke antargata haiN| jaba taka AcArAMga Adi aMga sAhitya kA nirmANa nahIM huA thA, taba taka bhagavAna mahAvIra ko zruta rAzi caudaha pUrva yA dRSTivAda ke nAma se hI pahacAnI jAtI thii| jaba AcAra prabhRti gyAraha aMgoM kA nirmANa ho gayA taba dRSTivAda ko bArahaveM aMga ke rUpa meM sthAna de diyA gyaa| Agama-sAhitya meM dvAdaza aMgoM ko par3hane vAle aura caudaha pUrva par3hane vAle donoM prakAra ke sAdhakoM kA varNana milatA haiM, kintu donoM kA tAtparya eka hI hai| jo caturdaza pUrvI hote the ve dvAdazAMgavit bhI hote the| aMga--jaina, bauddha aura vaidika gIna ho bhAratIya paramparAoM meM 'aMga' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jaina paramparA meM usakA prayoga mukhya Agama-grantha gaNipiTaka ke artha meM huA hai| 'duvAlasaMge gaNipir3age' kahA gayA hai| bAraha aMga haiM 1. AcAra 2. sUtrakRta 3. sthAna 4. samavAya 5. bhagavatI 6. jJAtAdharma kathA 7. upAsakadazA 8.. antakRtdazA 9. anunaraupapAtika 10. prshnvyaakrnn| 11. vipAka aura 12. dRssttivaad|
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________________ - jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka AcAra prabhRti Agama zruta puruSa ke aMgarathAnIya hone se bhI aMga kahalAte haiN| aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya AgamoM kA dUsarA vargIkaraNa devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke samaya kA hai| unhoMne AgamoM ko aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyaa| aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya kA vizleSaNa karate hue jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne tIna hetu batalAye haiN| aMgapraviSTa zruta vaha hai1. jo gaNadhara ke dvArA sUtra rUpa se banAyA huA hotA hai| 2.jo gaNadhara ke dvArA prazna karane para tIrthaMkara ke dvArA pratipAdita hotA hai| 3. jo zAzvata satyoM se saMbaMdhita hone ke kAraNa dhruva evaM sudIrghakAlIna hotA etadartha hI 'samavAyAMga' evaM 'nandIsUtra' meM spaSTa kahA hai . dvAdazAMgabhUta gaNipiTika kabhI nahIM thA, aisA nahIM hai, kabhI nahIM hai, aura kabhI nahIM hogA, yaha bhI nhiiN| vaha thA, aura hogaa| vaha dhruva hai. niyata hai, zAzvata hai, akSaya hai, avyaya hai, avasthita hai aura nitya hai| aMgabAhA zruta vaha hotA hai jo sthavira kRta hotA hai| vaktA ke bheda kI dRSTi se bhI aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya do bheTa kiye gaye haiN| jisa Agama ke mUla vaktA tIrthaMkara hoM aura saMkalana kartA gaNadhara ho vaha aMga praviSTa hai| pUjyapAda ne vaktA ke tIna prakAra batalAye haiM-- 1. tIrthakara 2. zruta kevalI 3. aaraatiiy| AcArya akalaMka ne kahA hai ki ArAnIya AcAryoM ke dvArA nirmita Agama aMga pratipAdita artha ke nikaTa yA anukUla hone ke kAraNa aMga bAhya kahalAte haiN| 'samavAyAMga' aura 'anuyogadvAra' meM to kevala dvAdazAMgI kA hI nirUpaNa hai kintu 'nandI sUtra' meM aMga praviSTa, aMga bAhya kA to bheTa kiyA hI gayA hai, sAtha hI aMga bAhya ke Avazyaka, Avazyaka vyatirikta, kAlika aura utkAlika rUpa meM Abhama kI sampUrNa zAkhAoM kA paricaya diyA gayA anuyoga viSaya sAdRzya kI dRSTi se prastuta vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| vyAkhyA krama kI dRSTi se AgamoM ke do rUpa hote haiM. 1. apRthaktvAnuyoga 2. pRthaktvAnuyoga AryarakSita se pahale apRthakvAnayoga kA pracalana thaa| apRthaktvAnuyoga meM hara eka sUtra kI vyAkhyA caraNakaraNa, dharma, gaNita aura dravya kI dRSTi se hotI thii| yaha vyAkhyA atyadhika kliSTa aura smRti sApekSa thii| AryarakSina ke cAra mukhya ziSya the- 1 . durbalikA puSyamitra 2. phala
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________________ | jaina Agama-sAhitya : eka dRSTipAta . .. ... ] rakSita 3. vibhya aura 4. goSThAmAhila / unake ziSyoM meM vindhya prabala medhAvI thaa| usane AcArya se abhyarthanA ko ki sahapATha se atyadhika vilamba hotA hai ata: aisA prabandha kareM ki mujhe zIghra pATha mila jaae| AcArya ke Adeza se durbalikA puSyamitra ne use vAcanA dene kA kArya apane Upara liyaa| adhyayanakrama calatA rhaa| samayAbhAva ke kAraNa durbalikA puSyamitra apanA svAdhyAya vyavasthita rUpa se nahIM kara ske| ve nauveM pUrva ko bhUlane lage, to AcArya ne socA ki prabala pratibhA sampanna durbalikA puSyamitra kI bhI yaha sthiti hai to alpa medhAvI muni kisa prakAra smaraNa rakha sakeMge? pUrvokta kAraNa se AcArya AryarakSita ne pRzvaktvAnayoga kA pravartana kiyaa| cAra anuyogoM kI dRSTi se unhoMne AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa bhI kiyaa| ____ 'sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi' ke abhimatAnusAra apRthaktvAnuyoga ke samaya pratyeka sUtra kI vyAkhyA varaNa karaNa, dharma, gaNita aura dravya Adi anuyoga kI dRSTi se va sapta naya kI dRSTi se kI jAtI thI, kintu pRthaktvAnuyoga ke samaya cAroM anuyogoM kI vyAkhyAe~ alaga-alaga kI jAne lgii| yaha vargIkaraNa karane para bhI yaha bheda-rekhA nahIM khIMcI jA sakatI ki anya AgamoM meM bhinna varNana nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana meM dharma kathAoM ke atirikta dArzanika tattva bhI paryApta rUpa se haiN| bhagavatI sUtra to sabhI viSayoM kA mahAsAgara hai hii| AcArAMga Adi meM bhI yahI bAta hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki kucha AgamoM ko chor3akara zeSa AgamoM meM cAroM anuyogoM kA sammizraNa hai| etadartha prastuta vargIkaraNA sthUla vargIkaraNa ho rhaa| digambara sAhitya meM ina cAra anuyogoM kA varNana kucha rUpAntara se milatA hai : unake nAma isa prakAra haiM- 1. prathamAnuyoga 2. karaNAnuyoga 3. caraNAnuyoga 4. drvyaanuyog| prathamAnuyoga meM mahApuruSoM kA jIvana caritra hai| karaNAnuyoga meM lokAlokavibhakti, kAla, gaNita Adi kA varNana hai| caraNAnuyoga meM AcAra kA nirUpaNa hai aura dravyAnuyoga meM dravya, guNa, paryAya, tatva Adi kA vizleSaNa hai| digambara paramparA AgamoM ko lupta mAnatI hai ataeva prathamAnayoga meM mahApurANa aura anya purANa, karaNAnuyoga meM triloka-prajJapti, triloka-sAra, caraNAnuyoga meM mUlAcAra aura dravyAnuyoga meM pravacanasAra, gommaTasAra Adi kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| zrImad rAjacandra ne cAroM anuyogoM kA AdhyAtmika upayoga batAte hue likhA hai . 'yadi gana zaMkAzola ho gayA hai to davyAnuyoga kaH cintana karanA cAhiye, pramAda meM par3a gayA hai to caraNa karaNAnuyoga kA, kaSAya se abhibhUta hai to dharma kathAnuyoga kA aura jar3atA prApta kara rahA hai to gaNitAnuyoga kaa|' anyogoM kI tulanA vaidika-sAdhanA ke vibhinna pakSoM ke sAtha kI
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________________ 1:2 jinavANI jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAGka jAya to dravyAnuyoga kA saMbaMdha jJAnayoga se haiM, caraNakaraNAnuyoga kA karmayoga se. dharma kathAnuyoga kA bhakti yoga se gaNitAnuyoga mana ko ekAgra karane kI praNAlI hone se rAjayoga se milatA hai / aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda AgamoM kA sabase uttaravartI caturtha vargIkaraNa hai-aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda / nandI sUtrakAra ne mRla aura cheda ye do vibhAga nahIM kiye haiM aura na vahAM para 'upAMga' zabda kA hI prayoga huA hai| 'upAMga' zabda bhI 'nandI' ke pazcAt hI vyavahana huA hai| 'nandI' meM 'upAMga' ke artha meM ho aMgabAhya zabda AyA hai / AcArya umAsvAti ne, jinakA samaya paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI ne vikrama kI pahalI zatAbdI se caturtha zatAbdI ke madhya mAnA hai, 'tattvArthabhASya' meM aMga ke sAtha upAMga zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| 'upAMga' se unakA tAtparya aMgabAhya AgamoM se hI hai| AcArya zrIcandra ne, jinakA samaya I. 1112 se pUrva mAnA jAtA hai, unhoMne 'sukhabodhA samAcArI' kI racanA kii| usameM unhoMne Agama ke svAdhyAya kI tapovidhi kA varNana karate hue aMgabAhya ke artha meM upAMga' zabda prayukta kiyA hai| AcArya jinaprabha, jinhoMne I. 1306 meM 'vidhimArgapraNA' grantha pUrNa kiyA thA, unhoMne usameM AgamoM ke svAdhyAya kI tapovidhi kA varNana karate hue 'iyANi uvaMgA' likhakara jisa aMga kA jo upAMga hai, usakA nirdeza kiyA hai| jinaprabha ne 'vAyaNAvihI' kI utthAnikA meM jo vAkya diyA hai, usameM bhI upAMga vibhAga kA ullekha huA hai| paNDita becaradAsajI dozI kA abhimata hai ki cUrNi sAhitya meM bhI 'upAMga' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, kintu sarvaprathama kisane kiyA, kA viSaya hai| yaha anveSaNa mUla aura cheda sUtroM kA vibhAga kisa samaya huA, yaha nizcita rUpa se to nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kintu itanA spaSTa hai ki 'dazavaikAlika', 'uttarAdhyayana' Adi kI niyukti, cUrNi aura vRttiyoM meM mUla sUtra ke saMbaMdha meM kiMcit mAtra bhI carcA nahIM kI gaI hai| isase yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka 'mUla sUtra' isa prakAra kA vibhAga nahIM huA thA / yadi huA hotA to avazya hI usakA ullekha ina granthoM meM hotA / 'zrAvaka vidhi' ke lekhaka dhanapAla ne, jinakA samaya vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai, apane grantha meM paiMtAlIsa AgamoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai aura 'vicArasAra-prakaraNa' ke lekhaka pradyumnasUra ne bhI, jinakA samaya vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI hai, paiMtAlIsa AgamoM kA to nirdeza kiyA
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________________ | jaina Agama-sAhitya : eka dRSTipAta . hai, ghara mUlasUtra ke rUpa meM vibhAga nahIM kiyA hai| vikrama saMvat 1334 meM nirmita 'prabhAvaka caritra' meM sarvaprathama aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda kA vibhAga milatA hai aura usake pazcAt upAdhyAya samayasundara gaNI ne bhI 'samAcArI zataka' meM usakA ullekha kiyA hai| phalitArtha yaha hai ki mUla sUtra vibhAga kI sthApanA terahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarI meM ho cukI thI : 'dazavaikAlika', 'uttarAdhyayana' Adi AgamoM ko 'mUlasUtra' yaha abhidhA kyoM dI gaI. isake saMbaMdha meM vibhinna vijJoM ne vibhinna kalpanAe~ kI pro. vinTaranitja kA mantavya hai ki ina AgamoM para aneka TIkAe~ haiN| inase mUla grantha kA pRthakkaraNa karane ke lie inheM mUlasUtra kahA gayA hai| kintu unakA yaha tarka vajanadAra nahIM hai kyoMki unhoMne 'piNDaniyukti' ko mUlasUtra meM mAnA hai jabaki usakI aneka TIkAe~ nahIM haiN| DaoN. sArapenTiyara, DaoN. gyArIno aura prophesara paTavarddhana Adi kA abhimata hai ki ina AgamoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla zabdoM kA saMgraha hai, etadartha inheM mUlasUtra kahA gayA hai| kintu unakA yaha kathana bhI yukti-yukta pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla zabdoM ke kAraNa hI kisI Agama ko mUlasUtra mAnA jAtA hai to sarvaprathama 'AcArAMga' ke prathama zrutaskandha ko mUla mAnanA cAhiye, kyoMki vahI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mUla zabdoM kA sabase prAcIna saMkalana hai| hamAre mantavyAnusAra jina AgamoM meM mukhya rUpa se zramaNa ke AcAra saMbaMdhI mUla guNoM, mahAvrata, samiti. gupti Adi kA nirUpaNa hai aura jo zramaNa jIvanacaryA meM mUlarUpa se sahAyaka banate haiM aura jina AgamoM kA adhyayana zramaNa ke lie sarvaprathama apekSita hai, unheM mUlasUtra kahA gayA hai| hamAre isa kathana ki puSTi isa bAta se bhI hotI hai ki pUrvakAla meM AgamoM kA adhyayana 'AcArAMga' se prArambha honA thA jaba 'dazavaikAlika' sUtra kA nirmANa ho gayA to sarvaprathama 'dazavaikAlika' kA adhyayana karAyA jAne lagA aura usake pazcAt 'uttarAdhyayana' par3hAyA jAne lgaa| pahale 'AcArAMga' ke 'zastra parijJA' prathama adhyayana se zaikSa kI upasthApanA kI jAtI thI parantu 'dazavaikAlika' kI racanA hone ke pazcAt usake caturtha adhyayana se upasthApanA kI jAne lgii| mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA ke saMbaMdha meM bhI mataikya nahIM hai| samayasundara gaNI ne 1. dazavaikAlika 2. ogha niyukti 3. piNDaniyukti aura 4. uttarAdhyayana, ye cAra mUlasUtra mAne haiN| bhAvaprabhasUri ne 1. uttarAdhyana 2. Avazyaka 3. piNDaniyukti... oghaniyukti aura 4. dazabaikAlika ye cAra palasatra mAne haiN|
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________________ - - |14. .. jinavANI--- jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAGka pro. bevara aura pro. bulara ne 2. unarAdhyayana, 2. Avazyaka evaM 3. dazavakAlika ko mUlasUtra kahA hai| DaoN. sArapenTiyara, DaoN. vinTaranitja aura DaoN.gyArIno ne 1. uttarAdhyayana 2.Avazyaka 3. dazavaikAlika evaM 4. piNDaniyukti ko mUlasUtra mAnA hai| DaoN. zubiMga ne uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, Avazyaka, piNDaniyukti aura oghaniyukti ko mUlasUtra ko saMjJA dI hai| sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI sampradAya uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, nandIsUtra aura anuyogadvAra ko mUlasUtra mAnate haiN| kahA jA cukA hai ki 'mUla' sUtra kI taraha 'cheda' sUtra kA nAmollekha bhI 'nandIsUtra' meM nahIM huA hai| 'cheTasUtra' kA sabase prathama prayoga Avazyaka niyukti' meM huA hai| usake pazcAt 'vizeSAvazyaka bhASya' aura 'nizItha bhASya' Adi meM bhI yaha zabda vyavahata huA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki hama 'Avazyaka niyukti' ko yadi jyotirvida varAhamihira ke bhrAtA dvitIya bhadrabAhu kI kRti mAnate haiM to ve vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hue haiN| unhoMne isakA prayoga kiyA hai| spaSTa hai ki 'cheda sutta' zabda kA prayoga 'mUla suna' se pahale huA hai| amuka AgamoM ko 'cheda sUtra' yaha abhidhA kyoM dI gaI? isa prazna kA uttara prAcIna granthoM meM sIdhA aura spaSTa prApta nahIM hai| hA~, yaha spaSTa hai ki jina sUtroM ko 'cheda sutta' kahA gayA hai, ve prAyazcitta sUtra haiN| 'sthAnAMga' meM zramaNoM ke lie pA~ca cAritroM kA ullekha hai- 1. sAmAyika 2. chedopasthApanIya 3. parihAra vizuddhi 4. sUkSma saMparAya aura 5. ythaakhyaat| inameM se vartamAna meM antima tIna cAritra vinchinna ho gaye haiN| sAmAyika cAritra svalpakAlIna hotA hai, chedopasthApanika cAritra hI jIvana paryanta rahatA hai| prAyazcitta kA saMbaMdha bhI isI cAritra se hai| saMbhavata: isI cAritra ko lakSya meM rakhakara prAyazcitta sUtroM ko cheda sUtra kI saMjJA dI gaI ho| malayagiri kI 'Avazyaka vRtti' meM cheda sUtroM ke lie pada-vibhAga, samAcArI zabda kA prayoga huA hai| pada vibhAga aura cheda ye donoM zabda samAna artha kI abhivyakti karate haiN| saMbhavata: isI dRSTi se chedasUtra nAma rakhA gayA ho| kyoMki cheda sUtroM meM eka sUtra kA dUsare sUtra se saMbaMdha nahIM hai| sabhI sUtra svataMtra haiN| unakI vyAkhyA bhI cheda dRSTi se yA vibhAga dRSTi se kI jAtI hai| dazAzrutaskandha, nizItha, vyavahAra aura bRhatkalpa ye sUtra nauveM pratyAkhyAna pUrva se uddhRta kiye gae haiM, usase chinna arthAt pRthak karane se unheM cheda sUtra kI saMjJA dI gaI ho, yaha bhI saMbhava hai| cheda sUtroM ko uttama zruta mAnA gayA hai| bhASyakAra bhI isa kathana kA samarthana karate haiN| cUrNikAra jinadAsa mahattara svayaM yaha prazna upasthita karate haiM ki cheda sUtra uttama kyoM haiM? phira svayaM hI usakA samAdhAna dete haiM ki cheda sUtra
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________________ | jaina Agama-sAhitya : eka dRssttipaat| 15 meM prAyazcitta vidhi kA nirUpaNa hai, usase cAritra kI vizaddhi honI hai etadartha yaha zruta uttama mAnA gayA hai| zramaNa jIvana kI sAdhanA kA savAMgINa vivecana cheda sUtroM meM hI upalabdha hotA hai| sAdhaka kI kyA maryAdA hai? usakA kyA kartavya hai? ityAdi praznoM para unameM cintana kiyA gayA hai| jIvana meM se asaMyama ke aMza ko kATakara pRthaka karanA, sAdhanA meM se doSajanya malinatA ko nikAlakara sApha karanA. bhaloM se bacane ke lie pUrNa sAvadhAna rahanA. bhula ho jAne para prAyazcitta grahaNa kara usakA parimArjana karanA, yaha saba chedasUtra kA kArya hai| __ 'samAcArI zataka' meM samayasundara maNI ne cheda sUtroM kI saMkhyA cha: batalAI hai--- 1. dazAzruta skandha 2. vyavahAra 3. bRhatkalpa 4. nizItha 5. mahAnizItha aura 6. jotakalpa ___ 'jItakalpa' ko chor3akara zeSa pA~ca sUtroM ke nAma 'nandI sUtra' meM bhI kAlika sUtroM ke antargata Aye haiN| 'jItakalpa' jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa kI kRti hai, etadartha use Agama kI koTi meM sthAna nahIM diyA jA sktaa| 'mahAnizItha' kA jo vartamAna saMskaraNa hai, vaha AcArya haribhadra (vi. 8vIM zatAbdI) ke dvArA punaruddhAra kiyA huA hai| usakA mUla saMskaraNa to usake pUrva hI dImakoM ne udarastha kara liyA thaa| ata: vartamAna meM upalabdha "mahAnizItha' bhI Agama kI koTi meM nahIM aataa| isa prakAra maulika cheda sUtra cAra hI haiM- 1. dazAzrutaskandha 2. vyavahAra 3. bRhatkalpa aura 4. nishiith| zruta puruSa 'nandI sUtra' kI cUrNi meM zruta puruSa kI eka kamanIya kalpanA kI gaI hai| puruSa ke zarIra meM jisa prakAra bAraha aMga hote haiM- do paira, do jaMghAe, To uru, do gAtrArdha (udara aura pITha), do bhujAe~, gardana aura sira, usI prakAra zruta puruSa ke bhI bAraha aMga haiN| TAyAM paira-- AcArAMga bAyAM paira sUtrakRtAMga dAyIM jaMghA- sthAnAMga bAyIM jaMghA- samavAyAMga dAyAM usa... bhagavatI bAyAM uru jJAtAdharmakathA udara-upAsakadazA pITa--anAkandazA dAyIM bhujA. - anuttaraupaNAtika bAyIM bhujA- praznavyAkaraNa garTana vipAka sira... dRSTibATa
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________________ |16 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka zrutapuruSa kI kalpanA AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa kI dRSTi se eka atIva sundara kalpanA hai| prAcIna jJAna bhaNDAroM meM zrutapuruSa ke hastaracita aneka kalpanA citra milate haiN| dvATaza upAMgoM kI racanA hone ke pazcAt zruta puruSa ke pratyeka aMga ke sAtha eka- eka upAMga kI bhI kalpanA kI gaI hai, kyoMki aMgoM meM kahe hue arthoM kA spaSTa bodha karAne vAle upAMga sUtra haiN| kisa aMga kA upAMga kauna hai, yaha isa prakAra hai-. aMga upAMga AcArAMga opapAtika sUtrakRta rAjapraznIya sthAnAMga jIvAbhigama samavAya prajJApanA bhagavatI jambUdvIpa prajJapti jJAtAdharmakathA sUryaprajJapti upAsakadazA candra prajJapti annakRtadazA nirayAvaliyA-kalpikA anuttarogapAtika dazA kalpAvataMsikA praznavyAkaraNa puSpikA vipAka puSpa yUlikA dRSTivAda vRSNidazA zruta puruSa kI taraha vaidika vAGmaya meM bhI veda puruSa ko kalpanA kI gaI hai| usake anusAra chanda paira haiM, kalpa hAtha haiM, jyotiSa netra haiM, nirukta zrotra haiM, zikSA nAsikA hai aura vyAkaraNa mukha hai| ni!haNa Agama jaina AgamoM kI racanAe~ do prakAra se huI haiM- 1. kRta 2. niyuuhnn| jina AgamoM kA nirmANa svatantra rUpa se huA hai ve Agama 'kRna' kahalAte haiN| jaise gaNadharoM ke dvArA dvAdazAMgI ko racanA kI gaI hai aura bhinna bhinna sthaviroM ke dvArA 'upAMga' sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai, ve saba 'kRta' Agama haiN| ni!haNa Agama ye mAne gaye haiM1. AcAracUlA 2. TazavaikAlika 3. nizItha 4. dazAzrutaskandha 5.bRhatkalpa 6. vyavahAra 7. uttarAdhyayana kA parISaha adhyayana / _ 'AcAracUlA' caturdazapUrvI bhadrabAhu ke dvArA ni!haNa kI gaI hai, yaha bAta Aja anveSaNa ke dvArA spaSTa ho cukI hai| 'AcArAMga' se 'AcAra khulA kI racanAzailI sarvathA pRthaka hai| usakI racanA 'AcArAMga' ke bAda huI hai| AcArAMga--niyuktikAra ne usako sthavira kRta mAnA hai| sthavira kA artha cUrNikAra ne gaNadhara kiyA hai aura vRttikAra ne caturdaza pUrva kiyA hai, kintu
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________________ | jaina Agama sAhitya : eka dRSTipAta 17 unameM sthavira kA nAma nahIM AyA hai| vijJoM kA abhimata hai ki yahAM para sthavira zabda kA prayoga caturdazapUrvI bhadrabAhu ke lie hI huA hai| 'AcArAMga' ke gambhIra artha ko abhivyakta karane ke lie 'AcAracUlA' kA nirmANa huA hai| niyuktikAra ne pA~coM cUlAoM ke niryUhaNa sthaloM kA saMketa kiyA hai| 'dazavaikAlika' caturdazapurvI zayyaMbhava ke dvArA vibhinna pUrvo se nirvRhaNa kiyA gayA hai| jaise- caturtha adhyayana Atma-pravAda pUrva se, paMcama adhyayana karma- pravAda pUrva se, saptama adhyayana satya-pravAda pUrva se aura zeSa adhyayana pratyAkhyAna pUrva kI tRtIya vastu se uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| dvitIya abhimatAnusAra 'dazavaikAlika gaNipiTaka dvAdazAMgI se uddhRta haiN| 'nizItha' kA niryUhaNa pratyAkhyAna nAmaka nauveM pUrva se huA hai| pratyAkhyAna pUrva ke bIsa vastu arthAt ardhAdhikAra haiN| tRtIya vastu kA nAma acAra haiM: usake bhI bIsa prAbhRtaccheda arthAt upa vibhAga haiN| bIsaveM prAbhRtaccheda se 'nizItha' kA niryUhaNa kiyA gayA hai| paMcakalpacUrNi ke anusAra nizItha ke niryUhaka bhadrabAhu svAmI haiN| isa mata kA samarthana Agama prabhAvaka muni zrI puNyavijayajI ne bhI kiyA hai| dazAzrutaskandha, bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra, ye tInoM Agama caturdazapUrvI bhadrabAhu svAmI ke dvArA pratyAkhyAna pUrva se niryUr3ha haiN| 'dazAzrutaskandha' kI niyukti ke mantavyAnusAra vartamAna meM upalabdha 'dazAzruta skandha aMga praviSTa AgamoM meM jo dazAeM prApta haiM unase laghu hai| isakA niryUhaNa ziSyoM ke anugrahArtha sthaviroM ne kiyA thaa| cUrNi ke anusAra sthavira kA nAma bhadrabAhu hai / 'uttarAdhyayana' kA dUsarA adhyayana bhI aMgaprabhava mAnA jAtA hai| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ke matAnusAra vaha karmapravAda pUrva ke satarahaveM prAbhRta se uddhRta hai| inake atirikta Agametara sAhitya meM vizeSataH karma- sAhitya kA bahuta sA bhAga pUrvoddhRta mAnA jAtA hai / niryUhaNa kRtiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM yaha spaSTIkaraNa karanA Avazyaka hai ki usake artha ke prarUpaka tIrthakara haiM, sUtra ke racayitA gaNadhara haiM aura jo saMkSepa meM usakA vartamAna rUpa upalabdha hai usake karttA vahI hai jina para jinakA nAma aMkita yA prasiddha hai| jaise 'dazavaikAlika' ke zayyaMbhava, 'kalpa vyavahAra', 'nizItha' aura 'dazAzruta skandha' ke racayitA bhadrabAhu haiN| jaina aMga sAhitya kI saMkhyA ke saMbaMdha meM zvetAmbara aura digambara sabhI eka gata haiN| sabhI bAraha aMgoM ko svIkAra karate haiN| parantu aMgabAhya
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________________ 18 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAhaka AgamoM kI saMkhyA ke saMbaMdha meM yaha bAta nahIM hai, usameM vibhinna mana haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki AgamoM kI saMkhyA kitane hI 84 mAgate haiM, koI 45 mAnate haiM aura kitane hI 32 mAnate haiN| nandIsUtra meM AgamoM kI jo sUcI dI gaI hai, ve sabhI Agama vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM haiN| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka samAja mUla AgamoM ke sAtha kucha niyuktiyoM ko milAkara 4. Agama mAnatA hai aura koI 84 mAnate haiN| sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI paramparA battIsa ko hI pramANabhUta mAnatI hai| digambara samAja kI mAnyatA hai ki sabhI Agama vicchinna ho gaye haiN| jaina AgamoM kI bhASA jaina AgamoM kI mUla bhASA arddhamAgadhI hai, jise sAmAnyata: prAkRta bhI kahA jAtA hai| 'samavAyAMga' aura 'aupapAtika' sUtra ke abhimatAnusAra sabhI tIrthakara ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM ho upadeza dete haiM, kyoMki cAritra dharma kI ArAdhanA va sAdhanA karane vAle manda buddhi strI-puruSoM para anugraha karake sarvajJa bhagavAna siddhAnta kI prarUpaNA jana-sAmAnya ke lie subodha prAkRta meM karate haiN| yaha devavANI hai| deva isI bhASA meM bolate haiN| isa bhASA meM bolane vAle ko bhASArya kahA gayA hai| jinadAsagaNI mahattara ardhamAgadhI kA artha do prakAra se karate haiN| prathama yaha ki, yaha bhASA magadha ke eka bhAga meM bolI jAne ke kAraNa ardhamAgadhI kahI jAtI hai, dUsare isa bhASA meM aThAraha dezI bhASAoM kA sammizraNa huA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jAya to mAgadhI aura dezaja zabdoM kA isa bhASA meM mizraNa hone se yaha ardhamAgadhI kahalAtI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya magadha, mithilA kauzala Adi aneka pradeza, varga evaM jAti ke the| batAyA jA cukA hai ki jainAgama jJAna kA akSaya koSa hai| usakA vicAra gAmbhIrya mahAsAgara se bhI adhika hai| usameM eka se eka divya asaMkhya maNi-muktAe~ chipI par3I haiN| usameM kevala adhyAtma aura vairAgya ke hI upadeza nahIM hai kintu dharma, darzana, nIti, saMskRti, sabhyatA, bhUgola, khagola, gaNita, AtmA, karma, lezyA, itihAsa, saMgIta, Ayurveda, nATaka Adi jIvana ke hara pahalU ko chUne vAle vicAra yatra-tatra bikhare par3e haiN| unheM pAne ke lie adhika gaharI DubakI lagAne kI AvazyakatA hai| kevala kinAre-kinAre ghUmane se usa amUlya ratnarAzi ke darzana nahIM ho skte| 'AcArAMga' aura 'dazavakAlika' meM zramaNa jIvana se saMbaMdhita AcAra-vicAra kA gambhIratA se cintana kiyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga', anuyogadvAra', 'prajJApanA', 'sthAnAMga', 'samavAyAMga' Adi meM dArzanika viSayoM kA gaharAI se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| 'bhagavatI sUtra' jIvana aura jagat kA vizleSaNa karane vAlA apUrva grantha hai| 'upAsakadazAMga' meM zrAvaka sAdhanA kA sundara nirUpaNa hai| 'antakRtadazAM aura 'anuttaraupapAtika' meM una mahAn AtmAoM ke tapa-japa kA varNana hai, jinhoMne kaThora sAdhanA se apane jIvana
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________________ jaina Agama-sAhitya : eka dRSTipAta ... ko tapAyA thaa| 'prazna vyAkaraNa' meM Asrava aura saMbara kA sajIva citraNa hai| 'vipAka' meM puNya--pApa ke phala kA varNana hai| 'uttarAdhyayana' meM adhyAtma cintana kA svara mukharita hai| 'rAjapraznIya' meM tarka ke dvArA AtmA kI saMsiddhi kI gaI hai| isa prakAra AgamoM meM sarvatra preraNAprada, jIvanasparzI, adhyAtma rasa se susnigdha sarasa vicAroM kA pravAha pravAhita ho rahA hai| Agama vAcanAe~ zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke parinirvANa ke pazcAt Agama saMkalana hetu pA~ca vAcanAe~ huI haiN| prathama vAcanA vIra nirvANa kI dvitIya zatAbdI meM pATaliputra meM huii| dvitIya vAcanA IsvI pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI ke madhya meM ur3IsA ke kumArI parvata para huii| tRtIya vAcanA vIra nirvANa 827 se 840 ke madhya mathurA meM huii| caturtha vAcanA usI samaya vallabhI saurASTra meM huI aura pA~cavIM vAcanA vIra nirvANa kI dazavI zatAbdI meM devardhigaNI kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM puna: vallabhI meM huii| isake pazcAt AgamoM kI puna: koI sarvamAnya vAcanA nahIM huii| Agama-viccheda kA krama zvetAmbara mAnyatAnusAra vIra nirvANa 170 varSa ke pazcAt bhadrabAhu svargastha hue| artha kI dRSTi se antima cAra pUrva unake sAtha hI naSTa ho gye| digambara mAnyatA ke anusAra bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa ke 162 varSa pazcAt huA thaa| vIra nirvANa saM. 216 meM sthUlabhadra svargastha hue| ve zAbdika dRSTi se antima cAra pUrva ke jJAtA the| ve cAra pUrva bhI unake sAtha hI naSTa ho gye| Arya vajra svAmI taka dasa pUrvo kI paramparA clii| ve ghora nirvANa 551 (vi. saM. 81) meM svarga pdhaare| usa samaya dasavA~ pUrva naSTa ho gyaa| durbalikA puSyamitra 9 pUrvo ke jJAtA the| unakA svargavAsa vIra nirvANa 604 (vi. saM. 134) meM huaa| unake sAtha hI navA~ pUrva bhI vicchinna ho gyaa| isa prakAra pUrvo kA viccheda krama devardhigaNI kSamAzramaNa taka calatA rhaa| svayaM devarSigaNo eka pUrva se adhika zruta ke jJAtA the| Agama sAhitya kA bahuta sA bhAga lupta hone para bhI AgamoM kA kucha maulika bhAga Aja bhI surakSita hai| kintu digambara paramparA kI yaha dhAraNA nahIM hai| zvetAmbara samAja mAnanA hai ki Agama saMkalana ke samaya usake maulika rUpa meM kucha antara avazya hI AyA hai| uttaravartI ghaTanAoM evaM vicAraNAoM kA usameM samAveza kiyA gayA hai, jisakA spaSTa pramANa 'sthAnAMga' meM sAta nihnavoM aura nava gaNoM kA ullekha hai| vartamAna meM 'praznavyAkaraNa' kA maulika viSaya varNana bhI upalabdha nahIM hai tathApi 'aMga' sAhitya kA atyadhika aMza maulika hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI ye Agama prAcIna siddha ho cuke haiN| 'AcArAMga' ke prathama zruta skandha kI bhASA ko bhASAzAstrI paccIsa sau varSa parva ko mAnate haiN|
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________________ jinavANI jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka prazna ho sakatA hai ki vaidika vAGmaya kI taraha jaina Agama sAhitya pUrNa rUpa se upalabdha kyoM nahIM hai ? vaha vicchinna kyoM ho gayA ? isakA mUla kAraNa hai devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke pUrva Agama- sAhitya vyavasthita rUpa se likhA nahIM gyaa| devarddhigaNI ke pUrva jo Agama vAcanAe~ huI, unameM AgamoM kA lekhana huA ho, aisA spaSTa pramANa nahIM miltaa| vaha zruti rUpa meM hI calatA rhaa| pratibhA sampanna yogya ziSya ke abhAva meM guru ne vaha jJAna ziSya ko nahIM batAyA jisake kAraNa zruta sAhitya dhIre-dhIre vismRta hotA gayA / Agama lekhana - yuga jaina dRSTi se caudaha pUrvo kA lekhana kabhI huA hI nhiiN| unake lekhana ke lie kitanI syAhI apekSita hai, isakI kalpanA avazya hI kI gaI hai| vIra nirvANa saMvat 827 se 840 meM jo mathurA aura vallabhI meM sammelana huA, usa samaya ekAdaza aMgoM ko vyavasthita kiyA gyaa| usa samaya Arya rakSita ne 'anuyoga dvAra' sUtra kI racanA kii| usameM dravya zruta ke lie 'pattaya potthaya lihiaM' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isake pUrva Agama likhane kA pramANa prApta nahIM hai| isase yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke parinirvANa kI 9vIM zatAbdI ke aMta meM AgamoM ke lekhana kI paramparA calI, parantu AgamoM ko lipibaddha karane kA spaSTa saMketa devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa ke samaya se milatA hai| AgamoM ko lipibaddha kara lene para bhI eka mAnyatA yaha rahI kiM zramaNa apane hAtha se pustaka likha nahIM sakate aura na apane sAtha rakha hI sakate haiM, kyoMki aisA karane meM nimna doSa lagane kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai1. akSara Adi likhane se kunthu Adi trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai etadartha pustaka likhanA saMyama virAdhanA kA kAraNa hai| 20 2. pustakoM ko eka grAma se dUsare grAma le jAte samaya kandhe chila jAte hai, vraNa ho jAte hai| 3. unake chidroM kI samyak prakAra se pratilekhanA nahIM ho sakatI / 4. mArga meM vajana bar3ha jAtA hai| I 5. kunthu Adi trasa jIvoM kA Azraya hone se adhikaraNa haiM yA cora Adi ke yurAye jAne para adhikaraNa ho jAte haiN| 6. tIrthaMkaroM ne pustaka nAmaka upAdhi rakhane kI anumati nahIM dI hai| 7. pustakeM pAsa meM hone se svAdhyAya meM pramAda hotA hai| ataH sAdhu jitanI bAra pustakoM ko bAMdhate haiM, kholate haiM aura akSara likhate haiM. unheM utane hI caturlaghukoM kA prAyazcita AtA hai aura AjJA Adi doSa lagate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki lekhanakalA kA parijJAna hone para bhI AgamoM kA lekhana nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| sAdhu ke lie svAdhyAya aura dhyAna kA vidhAna milatA hai, para kahIM para bhI likhane kA vidhAna prApta nahIM hotaa| dhyAna koSThopagata, svAdhyAya aura
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________________ | jaina Agama-sAhitya : eka dRSTipAta dhyAnarakta padoM kI taraha lekharakta' zabda kA prayoga nahIM huA hai| parantu pUrvAcAryo ne AgamoM kA viccheda na ho jAya etadartha lekhana kA aura pustaka rakhane kA vidhAna kiyA aura Agama likhe| . jainAgamoM kA Alekhana yadi isI zatAbdI meM prArambha huA to vaidika grantha bhI gupta kAla meM hI lipibaddha hue the| bhAratIya saMskRti ke vibhinna itihAsaMjJoM tathA zizira kumAra mitra ne apanI 'Vision of India' nAmaka pustaka meM spaSTa svIkAra kiyA hai ki prAcIna grantha gupta sAmrAjya meM aura vizeSakara candragupta dvitIya ke zAsanakAla meM likhe gaye haiN| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, smRti Adi granthoM kI racanA isI kAla meM huii| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki bhAratIya sAhitya kA lekhana kAla gupta sAmrAjya taka khica AtA hai| saccAI yaha hai ki IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI bhAratIya vAGmaya ke lipikaraNa kA mahatvapUrNa samaya rahA hai| ukta anuzIlana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina Agama-sAhitya apanI prAcInatA, upayogitA aura samRddhatA ke kAraNa atyanta mahatvapUrNa rahA hai| 'aMga sAhitya' meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI apane bahuta kucha aMzoM meM jyoM kI tyoM abhI bhI prApta hotI hai isa vANI ko tor3A-maror3A nahIM gayA hai| yaha jaina paramparA kI vizeSatA rahI hai ki agoM ko lipibaddha karane vAle zramaNoM ne mula zabdoM meM kacha bhI herA - pherI nahIM kii| 'aMga' evaM 'Agama' sAhitya para niyukti, bhASya, cUrNiyoM aura TIkAoM Adi kI racanA huI, kintu Agama kA mUla rUpa jyoM kA tyoM rhaa| sAtha hI devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa kI yaha udAratA rahI ki jahAM unheM pAThAntara mile vahA~ donoM vicAroM ko hI taTasthatA pUrvaka lipibaddha kiyaa|