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________________ isibhAsiyAiM ke kucha adhyayanoM kA bhASAzAstrIya vizleSaNa dInAnAtha zarmA zubriga mahodaya dvArA sampAdita isibhAsiyAiM sUtra kI bhASA kA adhyayana isa lekha kA prastuta viSaya hai| isa sUtra kI gaNanA jaina Agama sAhitya ke prAcIna cAra granthoM AcArAGga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika ke sAtha kI jAtI hai, ataH yaha grantha eka prAcIna kRti mAnA jAtA hai| AcArAMga ityAdi ke upalabdha saMskaraNoM kI bhASA ke svarUpa ke sAtha yadi isa graMtha kI bhASA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jAya to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isa gratha kA prAkRta zabdAvalI meM varNa-yojanA prAcIna haiM jabaki anya prAcIna grantho meM vaNaM-yojanA arvAcIna hai| isa grantha meM vibhaktiyA~ evaM pratyaya kucha sImA taka avAntara kAla ke upalabdha hote haiM, jabaki anya prAcIna Agama granthoM meM prAcIna kAla ke milate haiN| jisa kisI RSi yA muni ne isibhAsiyAI ke sUtroM kA saMgraha kiyA hogA vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAda kA hI hogA, isake adhikAMza adhyayanoM meM jo upodghAta vAkya Ate haiM ve isa prakAra haiM : "arahatA isiNA buitaM" ( 42 bAra arahatA,37 bAra buitaM aura 6 bAra buiyaM ) jabaki AcArAGga ke prathama sUtra kA upodghAta vAkya isa prakAra hai :"suyaM me AusaM teNaM bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM" ina donoM vAkyoM meM kitanA bhASAkIya antara dRSTigocara hotA hai| prAkRta bhASAoM ke aitihAsika vikAsa kI dRSTi se isibhAsiyAiM kA vAkya prAcIna rUpa lie hue hai jabaki AcArAMga kA vAkya arvAcIna rUpa liye hue hai| aisA kyoM ? __ kyA AcArAMga ke prathama zrutrataskandha kI racanA isibhAsiyAI ke bAda meM huI ? aba hama isibhAsiyAiM ke kucha adhyayanoM kA bhASAkIya vizleSaNa prastuta karate haiM : madhyavartI vyaJjanoM meM dhvani parivartana pAva gozAlaka vardhamAna adhyAya 31 11 yathAvat 62% 45% ghoSa 7% 20% lopa 31% 27% 35% ina tInoM adhyayanoM meM vardhamAna ke adhyayana meM lopa sabase adhika aura yathAvat sthiti sabase kama hai| 3%
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________________ 61% 60% naanaa haasaa kucha anya adhyayanoM meM dhvani parivartana kI sthitinArada vajjiputta davila pupphasAla adhyAya yathAvat 69% ghoSa 12% 7% 22% 4% lopa 27% 11% 18% ina sabakA ausata nikAlA jAya to yathAvat sthiti 60 pratizata aura lopa kI sthiti lagabhaga 25 pratizata rahatI hai| isibhAsiyAI sUtra kA sampAdana paramAdaraNIya jarmana vidvAn DaoN0 zubriga mahodaya ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai usI graMtha ke pAThoM kA yaha bhASAkIya adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA sampAdana bhI zrI zubriga mahodaya ke hAthoM se hI kiyA gayA hai, parantu usakI prAkRta bhASA kA svarUpa dhvani parivartana kI dRSTi se bilakula viparIta sA lagatA hai| AcArAMga meM lopa 55 se 60 pratizata hai aura yathAvat sthiti 25se30 pratizata / bhASA ke isa svarUpa ko dekhate hue AcArAMga kA saMkalana isibhAsiyAI ke bAda meM huA hogAaisA pratIta hue binA nahIM rhtaa| zubriga mahodaya kA AcArAMga kA saMskaraNa 1914I0 kA hai jabaki unakA hI isibhAsiyAI kA saMskaraNa 1942 I0 (1974, ahamadAbAda) kA hai| aba prazna yaha hotA hai ki yadi isibhAsiyAiM prAcIna hai taba to dhvani parivartana kI yaha sthiti ucita mAlUma hotI hai parantu yadi isibhAsiyAI AcArAMga se bAda kA hai to samAdhAna kaise kiyA jAya ? kyA varSoM ke anubhava ke bAda zubriga mahodaya ko aisA lagA ki yadi prAcIna granthoM kI hastapratoM meM madhyavartI vyaMjana yathAvat milate hoM to unheM vaise hI rkhaajaay| kyoMki AcArAMga meM unhoMne madhyavartI vyaMjanoM kA lagabhaga sarvathA lopa kara diyA hai| jabaki pratoM meM madhyavartI vyaMjanoM kI sthiti aneka bAra yathAvat ho rahI hai| sabase adhika lopa to madhyavartI 'ta' kA kara diyA gayA hai| ho sakatA hai ki 'ta' zruti kI jo bhrAmaka dhAraNA cala par3I thI, usase ve prabhAvita hue hoN| kyoMki yadi aisA nahIM hotA to isibhAsiyAiM ke sampAdana meM yahI siddhAnta lAgU kiyA hotA, parantu usameM madhyavartI 'ta' kI sthiti kucha aura hI hai| madhyavartI 'ta' kI sthiti uparokta cAra adhyayanoM (1,2,3,5,) meM madhyavartI 'ta' kI sthiti nimnavat pAyI jAtIhai : adhyAya yathAvat ghoSa lopa 0% 32% 100% 0% 0% 85% 2% ( bhavidavvaM ) 13% 0% 28% jabaki AcArAMga (prathama zrutaskandha ) meM madhyavartI 'ta' kA prAyaH sarvathA lopa kara diyA gayA hai| AcArAMga kI upalabdha pratoM aura cUNi meM kitane hI zabdoM meM madhyavartI 'ta' kI jo yathAvat sthiti milatI hai use hamane 'ta' zruti mAnakara usakA lopa kara diyA, jabaki isiMbhAsiyAiM meM yaha niyama nahIM lagAyA gayA hai / aisA kyoM? 68% 3 720%
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________________ . 12 isibhAsiyAI ke kucha adhyayanoM kA bhASAzAstrIya vizleSaNa isibhAsiyAiM ke kucha adhyayanoM meM madhyavartI 'tha' kA 'dha' bhI prApta hotA hai____ adhyAya-25 tadheva ( tathaiva ), a0-40 jadhA ( yathA ) a0-45 jadhA 5 bAra, savvadhA0 aura tadhA kucha aura prAcIna prayoga :adhyAya-1 kaDa 3 bAra, bhavati, saMvuDa 2 bAra, tavasA 1 baar| adhyAya-11 ANaccA ( AjJAya ) nirAkiccA, kuNai, kAriyaM ( kAryam ) / adhyAya-21 bhavati, bhavaMti, kurute, jittA ( jitvA ) / adhyAya-31 nitiya ( ni tya ) 2 bAra, pappa ( prApya ) kiccA 3 bAra, maDa (mRta) saMvuDa ( saMvRta ), bhavati 2 bAra, bhavissati 2 bAra atta, ( Atman ) / bhUtakAla ke rUpa :-bhuviM, NAsi 3 bAra __ adhyAya 31 meM 'nAmate' (nAmataH ) paMcamI eka vacana ke lie prayukta huA hai| paMcamI ke aise prayoga azoka ke pUrvI zilAlekhoM meM milate haiN| ___isa grantha meM kabhI prAcIna to kabhI arvAcIna rUpa donoM hI prakAra ke zabda prayoga milate haiM, jaise-AtA ( a0 44, 45,) appA (a0 41, 45), Aya AyA (a0 25, 45) / ke ye cAra prakAra ke rUpa attA, AtA, AyA aura appA prAkRta bhASA ke kramazaH vikAsa ke sAkSI haiN| azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM pUrva meM attA milatA hai aura pazcima meM atpA milatA hai| attA se AtA aura AyA kA vikAsa huA aura atpA se appA kA vikAsa huA jo alaga-alaga kAla meM vikasita hue| kucha arvAcIna prayoga jaise-hoti ( a-9) nicca ( a-9), tavAo ( a-9), kajja (a0 11) Nicca (a0 31) / ___ isibhAsiyAiM se avyaya 'na' kA prAyaH Na milatA hai| prArambhika 'na' ke lie adhikatara 'Na' kA prayoga huA hai| madhyavartI 'jJa' ke 'paNa' kA prayoga, madhyavartI 'nna' kA 'paNa' milatA hai| jabaki zubriga mahodaya ke AcArAMga ke saMskaraNa meM isa pravRtti ke viparIta dantya 'na' aura 'nna' kA hI prayoga huA hai / zilAlekhIya AdhAroM se to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki 'na' aura 'jJa' ke lie 'Na' aura 'paNa' kA prayoga prAcIna kAlIna na hokara arvAcIna kAlIna hai| __ isibhAsiyAI meM akArAnta puliMga prathamA eka vacana ke lie kisI adhyayana meM 'e' vibhakti to kisI meM 'o' vibhakti adhika pramANa meM milatI hai| saptamI ekavacana ke lie 'e' aura 'mmi' vibhakti hI milatI hai| uparokta adhyayanoM meM kahIM para bhI 'aMsi' 'mhi' yA 'ssi' vibhaktiyA~ saptamI ke lie nahIM milatI haiM jo prAcIna prAkRta vibhaktiyA~ haiN| 'mmi' vibhakti kAphI arvAcIna hai / vardhamAna (a0-29) aura mahAkAsava (a0 9) nAmaka adhyayanoM meM bhI 'mmi' vibhakti hI mila rahI hai| ina vibhaktiyoM ko dekhate hue kyA isakA racanAkAla paravartI arthAt AcArAMga ke bAda kA mAnA jAya ? pAsijja (a0-31) pArzvanAtha ke adhyayana meM prAcIna rUpa milate haiN| isameM madhyavartI vyaMjanoM ke lopa bhI kama haiN| prathamA eka vacana ke 'e' vibhakti kI bahulatA hai aura bhUtakAla ke bhaviM (1 bAra) NAsI (3 bAra) aura Atman ke lie atta ke prayoga prAcInatA ke dyotaka haiN|
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________________ dInAnAtha zarmA isa vizleSaNa se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sabhI adhyayanoM meM bhASA kA svarUpa eka samAna nahIM hai phira bhI madhyavartI dhvani parivartana kI dRSTi se isibhAsiyAiM kI bhASA AcArAMga kI bhASA se pUrva kI mAlUma hotI hai| isibhAsiyAiM kI hastaprateM bahuta kama-eka yA do hI milI haiM, jisa para se yaha saMskaraNa taiyAra kiyA gayA hai, jabaki ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke prAcIna granthoM kI vibhinna kAloM kI aneka prateM milatI haiN| kyA aisA nahIM ho sakatA ki jitanI adhika mAtrA meM aura vibhinna kAloM meM vividha lehiyoM ke hAthoM se pratiyA~ banIM utanI hI mAtrA meM mUlabhASA meM vikRti AtI gyii| isa pravRtti ke kAraNa isibhAsiyAiM kI bhASA meM dhvani parivartana sambandhI prAcInatA raha gayI jaba ki anya prAcIna Agama granthoM meM mUla zabda mahArASTrI prAkRta ke samAna bana gye|