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________________ hindI ke nATakoM meM tIrthakara mahAvIra 0 DA. lakSmInArAyaNa dube rIDara, hindI vibhAga, sAgara vizvavidyAlaya, sAgara (ma0 pra0) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana caritra ko kendra meM rakhakara hindI meM aitihAsika tathA sAmAnya nATaka likhe gaye haiN| mahAvIra tathA buddha kA samaya eka hI thA ataeva, aneka bauddha nATakoM meM mahAvIra ke yuga kA citraNa milatA hai jinameM rAmavRkSa benIpurI ke "tathAgata", vizvambhara sahAya "vyAkula" ke "buddhadeva", banArasIdAsa "karuNAkara" ke "siddhArtha buddha", candrarAja bhaNDArI ke "siddhArtha kumAra yA mahAtmA buddha", udayazaMkara bhaTTa ke "muktipatha", rAmavRkSa benIpurI ke "ambapAlI" aura siyArAmazaraNa gupta ke "puNya parva" nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| chaThI zatAbdI I0 pU0 se bhAratIya itihAsa ke purAtanakAla kA zrIgaNeza hotA hai| yahI vaha kAlakhaNDa thA jisameM buddha tathA mahAvIra kA jIvana caritra AcchAdita huA thA jinakA dhArmika evaM sAMskRtika itihAsa para viziSTa prabhAva par3A / donoM ne bhAratIya manISA ko navala tathA yugAMtarakArI adhyayana se sampRkta kiyA / inake yuga meM sarvatra dhArmika asahiSNutA phailI huI thii| vaidika dharma ke prati vidyamAna AsthA meM vikhaNDana A cukA thaa| yajJa evaM bali hIna dRSTi se nirakhe-parakhe jA rahe the / buddha tathA mahAvIra meM Azcaryajanaka sAdRzya bhAva dRSTigata hotA hai / buddha aura mahAvIra ne paripATIgata samAja vyavasthA kA DaTakara virodha kiyA thaa| mahAvIra aura buddha ke yuga kI eka mahAn ghaTanA bhArata meM cAra rAjyoM- kauzAmbI (vatsa), avaMti, kauzala tathA magadha-kA udaya thaa| "prasAda" ke "ajAtazatra" nATaka tathA govindavallabha paMta ke "antaHpura kA chidra" meM samakAlIna rAjanaitika sthitiyoM para acchA prakAza milatA hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke jIvana-caritra ko lekara hindI meM san 1950 meM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa nATaka sva. brajakizora "nArAyaNa" ne "vardhamAna-mahAvIra" zIrSaka se likhA hai| isa nATaka meM mahAvIra ke janma se lekara unake mahAparinirvANa taka kI ghaTanAoM ko saMyojita kiyA gayA hai| caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara ke nijI jIvana ke sAtha unakI dhArmika mAnyatAoM ko bhI nATakIya rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi prastuta nATakakAra ne apanI bhUmikA meM itihAsa ko yathAsambhava surakSita rakhane kA dAvA kiyA hai parantu janazrutiyoM ko bhI paryApta mAtrA meM AdhAra banAyA gayA hai / vAstava meM mahAvIra hamAre samakSa eka aitihAsika caritra ke rUpa meM saMsthita haiN| DaoN0 rAyacaudharI ne "prAcIna bhArata kA rAjanaitika itihAsa" meM mahAvIra kI mAM trizalA (videha kanyA) ko vaizAlI ke nareza ceTaka kI bhaginI svIkAra kiyA hai| nATaka ke anya pAtra nandivardhana, patnI yazodA, putrI priyadarzanA, gozAlaka, ayaMpula hastipAla, sucetA Adi sabhI jaina granthoM ke AdhAra para nirmita kiye gaye haiN| nATakakAra zvetAmbara granthoM para adhika nirbhara pratIta hotA hai| vardhamAna ke utpanna hone para unake pitA dvArA prajA se kara na lenA, jyotiSI dvArA putra ke zramaNa bana jAne kI bhaviSyavANI aura tIsa sAla taka vaivAhika gRhastha jIvana bitAne ke bAda saMnyAsa grahaNa kara lenA Adi aisI ghaTanAe~ jo prAya: isI rUpa meM bhagavAna buddha ke sAtha bhI samprakta hai| isa nATaka meM yaha pratipAdita hai ki gozAlaka zurU meM mahAvIra kA ziSyatva svIkAra karatA hai parantu eka dina unakI parIkSA lene ke vicAra se kucha prazna pUchatA hai aura jaba ve ThIka nikalate haiM to Akroza meM Akara unase pArthakya kara letA hai aura AjIvaka-sampradAya kI sthApanA karatA hai| --0
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________________ hindI ke nATakoM meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra 661 -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-............................................. ...... jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, nATakakAra katipaya sandarbho kI saMyojanA janazrutiyoM ke AdhAra para karatA hai yathAgozAlaka ko bhikSAvRtti meM sar3e cAvala kI prApti, sambhayaka tathA mahAvIra kA corI meM pakar3A jAnA, phAMsI dete samaya rassI kA TUTa jAnA ityAdi / jamAli mahAvIra kA virodhI thA aura usane bahurata sampradAya ko sthApita kiyaa| tapasyA ke terahaveM varSa mahAvIra ko jJAna milA aura ve "jina" bane / ve anavarata tIsa varSoM taka dharmopadezaka kI bhAMti ghUmate rahe aura bahattara varSa kI Ayu meM dakSiNa bihAra meM 'pAvA' nAmaka sthAna meM unakA nirvANa huaa| ye sabhI ghaTanAe~ itihAsa-sammata hai| isa nATaka meM brajakizora "nArAyaNa" janazrutiyoM ko adhika mahattva de gaye haiM isalie ve samyak pariveza kA nirmANa nahIM kara pAye / yadi ve mahAvIra ke yuga kI saMskRti, dharma, samAja tathA anya paramparAoM kI pUrva pIThikA meM unake jIvana evaM kAryakalApoM ko nirUpita karate to nATakIya mArmikatA tathA prabhAvotpAdakatA meM avazya hI nayI dya ti A jAtI / varddhamAna mahAvIra dvArA pradatta upadezoM meM jaina-darzana ke katipaya lakSaNa avazya upalabdha hote haiM / jaina saMskRti nara ke nArAyaNatva meM niSThA vyakta karatI hai / nATaka meM mahAvIra AtmA ko 'maiM' zabda kA vAcyArtha nirUpita karate haiM aura ahiMsA evaM satya ke prati pratibaddha haiN| ise hI nATaka kA mUladharma tathA mukhya svara svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| mahendra jaina ne 'mahAsatI candanabAlA" nAmaka nATaka likhA hai jisameM mahAvIra svAmI kI punIta tathA sAtvika nArI-AsthA ko abhivyaMjanA milI hai| DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA kA nAma tathA hindI ke aitihAsika nATakakAroM meM sarvopari hai| unhoMne mahAparinirvANotsava ke samaya 'jaya vardhamAna" nAmaka nATaka likhA jisako san 1974 meM meraTha ke bhAratIya sAhitya prakAzana ne prakAzita kiyA / yaha eka saphala, sArthaka tathA raMgamaMcIya nATaka hai| isa nATaka ke prArambhika dRzyoM meM vardhamAna mahAvIra apane hamajolI sakhA vijaya tathA sumitra se kahate haiM -vijaya ! manuSya yadi hiMsA-rahita hai, to vaha kisI ko bhI apane vaza meM kara sakatA hai| bAta yaha hai ki saMsAra meM pratyeka ko apanA jIvana priya hai, isalie jIvana ko sukhI karane ke lie sabhI kaSTa se dUra rahanA cAhate haiM / jo vyakti apane kaSTa ko samajhatA hai, vaha dUsare ke kaSTa kA anubhava kara sakatA hai aura jo dUsaroM ke kaSTa kA anubhava karatA hai, vahI apane kaSTa ko samajha sakatA hai| isIlie use jIvita rahane kA adhikAra hai, jo dUsaroM ko kaSTa na pahu~cAye, dUsaroM kI hiMsA na kre| jo dUsaroM ke kaSTa harane kI yogyatA rakhatA hai, vahI vAstava meM vIra hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra para likhita hindI ke nATaka-sAhitya meM sarvopari sthAna kI kRti DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA kA prastuta nATaka hai| jinendra mahAvIra para aneka ekAMkI likhe gaye jo ki yA to saMkalita rUpa meM milate haiM athavA patra-patrikAoM ke sphuTa sAhitya ke rUpa meN| inameM mahAvIra prakAzana, alIgaMja (eTA) dvArA san 1975 meM prakAzita zrI vIrendra prasAda jaina ke "vaMdanA" kA ullekhanIya sthAna hai kyoMki yaha ekAMkI-saMgraha hai| inakA hI eka alaga ekAMkI-saMgraha "varI mahAvIra" bhI mahattvapUrNa hai / ina choTe-choTe ekAMkiyoM ke mAdhyama se lekhaka mahAvIra ke divya jIvana kI mahAmahima jhAMkiyA~ prastuta kI haiN| sva. paM0 maMgalasena jaina ke "mahAvIra nATaka" kI bhI acchI sAhityika sthiti hai| zrI ghanazyAma goyala dvArA likhita 'trizalA kA lAla" eka sundara prahasana hai| DaoN0 zItalA mizra ne mUla upanyAsakAra zrI vIrendra kumAra jaina ke "anuttara yogI" ko maMcIya nATaka rUpa pradAna kiyA aura use "AtmajayI mahAvIra" ke rUpa meM khelA gyaa| saMgIta-nATikAoM ke mAdhyama se bhI mahAvIra ke vyaktitva tathA kRtitva ko upasthita kiyA gayA hai| isa kSetra meM zrI dhyAnasiMha tomara 'rAjA' kI kRti 'jyotipuruSa mahAvIra' aura jayaMtI jozI kI racanA 'prema-saurabha' bar3o cacita rhiiN| 00
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________________ karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa - . - . - . -. -. -. -. - - reDiyo rUpaka ke rUpa meM mahAvIra ko AkAzavANI ke svara-taraMgoM para thirakAne kA zreya kuthA jaina ko hai| bhAratIya jJAnapITha ne "vardhamAna rUpAyana" ke nATya rUpaka ko prakAzita kiyaa| isameM reDiyo rUpaka ke rUpa meM 'mAna stambha", chanda-nRtya-nATikA ke rUpa meM 'divya dhvani' aura maMca nATaka ke rUpa meM 'vItarAga' saMkalita haiN| uparalikhita pustaka (san 1975) mahAvIra nirvANa-zatAbdI varSa kI eka ullekhanIya kRti hai| ye tInoM rUpaka vibhinna mahotsavoM para maMca para khele jAne vAle yogya nATya rUpaka haiM jinakA sambandha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke alaukika jIvana, upadeza tathA siddhAntoM ke vizvavyApI prabhAva se hai| ye kathya tathA zailI-zilpa meM sarvathA nUtana haiN| inameM raMga-sajjA aura prakAza-chAyA ke prayogoM kI camatkArI bhUmikA kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| inameM kuthA jaina ke kAvya-sauSThava kA nikhAra bhI draSTavya hai| viduSI lekhikA kI bhASA parimArjita tathA zailI sadhI huI hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svAmI ke jIvana kI divyatA, unakI kaThora tapasyA-sAdhanA, vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa evaM ciraMtana-parahita ke Aloka se maNDita preraka upadezoM ko isa pustaka meM parama anubhUtimayI evaM AtmIya abhivyaMjanA milI hai| uparyukta tInoM nATya racanAoM meM 'divya dhvani' (saMgIta-nRtya-nATikA) kA sarvopari sthAna hai| isameM mahAvIra kI svAmI jIvana-sAdhanA tathA unake upadezoM ko ciraMtana mahattva tathA sarvayugIna bhAvanA ke sAtha atyanta kalAtmaka rUpa meM samupasthita kiyA gayA hai| yaha gAgara meM sAgara hai / isakA prathama dRzya udAtta tathA mahAn hai / isakI katipaya paMktiyA~ adholikhita haiM zAzvata hai yaha sRSTi, dravya ke, kaNa-kaNa meM rUpoM kA varNana / kAlacakra calatA anAdi se, racatA yuga, karatA parivartana / usa Tuga ke sabhyatA vidhAyaka, Atma sAdhanA ke anveSaka / RSabhanAtha pahale tIrthaMkara, zramaNa dharma ke Adi prarvataka / uparyukta pustaka kI bhUmikA atyanta mahattvapUrNa aura sAragarbhita hai| usameM bauddhikatA tathA AdhunikatA se samanvita aneka prakaraNoM kI vivecanA kI gayI hai| zrImatI kuMthA jaina ke zabdoM meM hI hama kaha sakate haiM : isalie ye racanAe~ apanI khUbI aura khAmiyoM sahita yadi paThanIya aura maMcIya dRSTi se saphala huI to samajhaMgI ki bhagavAna ke caraNoM meM preSita zraddhAMjali svIkRta huii| isa dizA meM rAjasthAna meM aneka saphaladharmA bahumukhI prayoga hue haiN| inameM DaoN0 mahendra bhAnAvata hamArA vizeSa dhyAna AkarSita karate haiM / unhoMne mahAvIra viSayaka tIna puttalI nATaka likhe haiM jinake nAma haiM 'caMdana ko vaMdanA', 'maMgalama mahAvIram' tathA 'paramu pAlaNiye' / 'caMdana ko vaMdanA' mAsika 'zramaNopAsaka' (20 aprela, 1975) meM prakAzita huA thaa| isameM chaH dRzya haiM aura mahAvIra ke nArI-uddhAra ke prasaMga ko mukhyatA milI hai| 'maMgalam mahAvIram' ko hariyANA ke mAsika 'jaina sAhitya' (navambara, 1975) ne prakAzita kiyaa| 'paramu pAlaNiye' rAjasthAnI racanA hai aura ise 'vIra nirvANa smArikA' (jayapura : san 1975) ne prakAzita kiyaa| isa prakAra nATaka ke jitane varga, zreNI tathA vidhAe~ ho sakatI haiM-unameM tIrthakara mahAvIra citrita tathA abhivyaMjita kiye gaye haiN| mahAvIra viSayaka nATya sAhitya kA paThanIya, saiddhAntika tathA maMcIya-sabhI dRSTi se upayoga hai / nATaka kA sambandha A~khoM aura anukaraNa se hotA hai aura vaha rasa niSpatti kA sazakta mAdhyama hai| isa dRSTi se mahAvIra viSayaka hindI kA nATya sAhitya eka ora vAGamaya kI zrIvRddhi karatA hai, to dUsarI ora hindI ke raMgamaMca ko sampuSTa tathA samRddha banAtA hai aura dharmaprANa janatA meM punIta tathA sAttvika bhAvoM kA saMcAra karatA hai| CO0