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________________ DaoN. vasudharA mizra jisameM likhA gayA ki aMgreja bhArata tyAgakara avazya jA rahe haiM kintu hameM durbala aura azakta banAkara jA rahe haiN| hamAre sAmane kaI sAmAjika, zaikSika, sAMpradAyika samasyAeM mu~ha bAye khar3I haiM, unheM dUra karanA hamArI tatkAla AvazyakatA hai| hamAre samAcArapatroM, patrakAroM ne isa kSetra meM saMkalpa baddha hokara deza hita ke lie apanI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA bhI nibhaaii| saMvidhAna kA nirmANa, rASTradhvaja, rASTracihna, rASTrabhASA kA nirdhAraNa, gAMdhI darzana, paMcazIla yojanA, lokatAMtrika cunAva, rAjyoM kA punargaThana, surakSA vyavasthA, jamIMdArI prathA kA unmUlana, pichar3e kSetroM kA vikAsa, baiMkoM kA rASTrIyakaraNa, zikSA kA prasAra, svAsthya sambandhI nae nirNaya Adi viSayoM ko kriyAnvita kiyA gyaa| 1948 se 1974 taka ke samAcAra patroM ne sAmrAjyavAdI, vyaktivAdI aura zoSaNa-paraka mUlyoM aura AdarzoM ke lie lar3AI bhI ldd'ii| Aja jaisI samRddha bhAratIya patrakAritA kA prAraMbha 'udanta mArtaNDa' ke prakAzana (30 maI 1826) I0 meM huaa| isake bAda baMgadUta (1829), sudhAkara (1850) buddhi prakAza hindI patrakAritA : (1852), majaharUla sarUra (1852) kavi vacana sudhA kala aura Aja (1867), harizcandra maigajIna (1873), bAla bodhinI patrikA (1878), hindI pradIpa (1877) bhArata mitra (1878) sAra mahAtmA gAMdhI ne kahA thA ki samAcAra patra kA pahalA sudhAnidhi (1879), ucitavaktA (1880), bhArata jIvana uddezya janatA kI icchAoM, vicAroM ko samajhanA aura unheM (1884) Adi samAcAra patra nikAle ge| 19vIM sadI ke aMta vyakta karanA hai| dUsarA uddezya janatA meM vAMchanIya bhAvanAoM ko meM tathA 20vIM sadI ke cauthe pAMcave dazaka meM hindustAna, AryAvarta, jAgrata karanA hai| tIsarA uddezya sArvajanika doSoM ko nirbhayatA navabhArata TAimsa, rAjasthAna patrikA Adi samAcAra patra nikAle pUrvaka prakaTa karanA hai| (mahAtmA gAMdhI 1808 ii.)| ge| 1972 meM bhArata meM 11 hajAra 926 samAcAra patra the, samAcAra patra samAja kI nabja ko pakar3ate haiM, usakI jA~ca jinameM se hindI meM 3093 samAcAra patra prakAzita hote the| aba karate haiM, dainika jIvana se lekara vizva taka kI gatividhiyoM, rASTra saMkhyA dugunI ho gaI hai| vaise 1885 se 1919 taka kI avadhi kI unnati-avanati, vibhinna jvalaMta samasyAoM kI khabara rakhate bhAratIya patrakAritA kA jAgaraNa kAla mAnA jAtA hai| "svarAjya haiN| 'dI presa eNDa amerIkA' meM samAcAra patroM kI sAta vizeSatAe~ hamArA janmasiddha adhikAra hai' isa nAre ko presa ne hI jana-jana varNita haiM-samAcAra patra saptAha meM kama se kama eka bAra prakAzita taka phuNcaayaa| hindI patrikAritA ke prati aMgrejoM kA vyavahAra hoM, hastalikhita patroM se bhinna rUpa meM presa mazIna dvArA mudraNa ho, krUratA pUrNa rhaa| daraasala bhAratIya patrakAritA kA itihAsa mUlya aisA rakhA jAya jo sabhI ke lie sulabha ho, sAkSara vyaktiyoM AjAdI ke Andolana kA hI itihAsa hai| samAcAra patra nikAlane kI rUci ke anukUla ho, niyata samaya para prakAzita ho, prakAzana kA artha usa vakta AjAdI kI lar3AI lar3anA hI thaa| yaha bhAratIya meM sthAyitva ho| isa prakAra samAcAra patra sabhI varga ke vyaktiyoM patrakAritA kA krAMtikAla mAnA jAtA hai| AjAdI ke bAda ke lie unakA zikSaka, Adarza udAharaNa aura parAmarzadAtA hai| bhAratIya patrakAritA ne pragati ke nae AyAma sthApita kiye tathA janahita ke lie likhane ke kAraNa samAcAra patra apane patrakAroM ne apanI samarpita sevA-bhAvanA se jana-cetanA jagAne kA kArya kiyA hai| sAhasa, dUradarzitA tathA lokahita ke kAraNa lokapriya ho jAte haiN| svataMtra hone ke bAda bhAratavAsiyoM para dugune dAyitva kA bojha patrakAritA kA AjAdI se pUrva tathA bAda meM rASTrIya A pdd'aa| 'Aja' meM isa viSaya meM eka khabara prakAzita kI thI itihAsa para vyApaka asara dikhAI par3atA hai| isakI bAnagI 0 aSTadazI /1740
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________________ 'ucitavaktA' meM chape mantavya se jAnI jA sakatI hai| 7 agasta 1880 I0 ko 'hitaM manohAri ca durlabha vacaH' ke sAtha 'ucitavaktA' kA prakAzana huA / 12 maI 1883 ke aMka meM saMpAdakoM se kahA gayA ki "dezIya saMpAdako / sAvadhAna!! kahIM jela kA nAma sunakara 'kiM kartavyavimUr3ha mata ho jAnA, yadi dharma kI rakSA karate hue gavarnameNTa ko satparAmarza dete hue jela jAnA par3e to kyA cintA hai isameM mAnahAni nahIM hotii| hAkimoM ke jina anyAyapUrNa AcaraNoM se gavarnameNTa para sarvasAdhAraNa kI azraddhA ho sakatI hai, unakA yathArtha prativAda karane meM jela to kyA dIpAMtarita bhI honA par3e to kyA bar3I bAta hai ? kyA isa sAmAnya vibhISikA se hama loga apanA kartavya chor3a baiThe ?" yaha bhAratIya patrakAritA ke prAraMbhika daura kI niSThA ko iMgita karatI hai ki usa jamAne kI patrakAritA AdarzoM aura jIvana mUlyoM para AdhAritA rahI hai| hindI patrakAritA kA itihAsa vizva patrakAritA meM bhI svAbhimAnaparaka, AdarzoM aura mUlyoM para AdhArita rahA hai, Ama logoM ko zikSita evaM jAgRta karane, rASTrIya svataMtratA tathA rASTrIya nirmANa ke hara moDa meM patrakAritA rASTrIya jIvana kI patha pradarzaka rahI hai| unakI prajA kI paristhitiyoM kA sahI paricaya denA cAhatA hU~ tAki zAsaka janatA ko adhika se adhika suvidhA dene kA avasara pA sakeM aura janatA una upAyoM se avagata ho sakeM jinake dvArA zAsakoM se surakSA pAI jA sake aura apanI ucita mAMge pUrI karAI jA skeN| kamoveza patrakAritA ke isI Adarza kI Aja bhI jarurata hai| hAlAMki vaizvIkaraNa aura Arthika pratisparddhA ke yuga meM patrakAritA para bhI bAjAravAda hAvI hone lagA hai| | patrakAra aura kaI samAcAra patra sattA ke pITThU banakara kAma kara rahe haiN| svaccha patrakAritA ke sAtha-sAtha pIta patrakAritA bhI ghusa gaI hai| hindI patrakAritA kI janmasthalI kolakAtA meM bhI patrakAritA pralobhana kA zikAra hai| patrakAra arthasattA ke sAmane hAtha phailAe hue haiN| kaI samAcAra patroM kI sthiti bhI kamoveza aisI hai jo patrakAra bhUkhe rahakara, jela jAkara tathA daNDita hokara bhI apane patrakAritA dharma kI pAlanA karanA garva samajhate the, aba vahI patrakAra binA mUlyoM kI patrakAritA karate haiM aura kor3iyoM meM unako kharIdA jA sakatA hai| hindI patrakAritA ke udgama se vikAsa kI aba taka kI yAtrA meM yaha visaMgati rASTrIya patrakAritA meM kalaMka ke rUpa meM jahAM-tahAM dikhAI detI hai| pUre deza para isakA asara vyApta hai| prAraMbhika kAla kI hindI patrakAritA ne rASTrIya jIvana meM cetanA ke bIja bone, rASTrIya niSThA jagAne, rASTrIya krAMti kA svarUpa nirdhArita karane, svataMtratA kA svara mukharita karane, jaise mahatvapUrNa kArya kie| svAtantrottara kAla (1948-1974) ke bAda hindI patrakAritA navayuga meM praveza kara gii| isake bAda 21vIM sadI kI patrakAritA vyApaka aura samRddha rUpa meM sAmane AI hai| AjAdI ke bAda deza kRSi, audyogika aura takanIkI vikAsa, surakSA sameta vibhinna kSetroM meM Atmanirbhara huA / kRSi krAnti ne anna-vastra kI samasyA se nijAta dilaaii| patrakAritA hara kSetra meM rASTrIya vikAsa ke karNadhAroM ke sAtha kaMdhe se kaMdhA milAkara sAtha-sAtha rhii| aba hindI patrakAritA rASTrIya samasyAoM aura jIvana mUlyoM meM AI girAvaTa se lohA le rahI hai| deza meM bhraSTAcAra, AtaMkavAda, mUlyavRddhi, munAphAkhorI, videzI ghusapaiTha aura bahurASTrIya kaMpaniyoM ke SaDayaMtra ke khilApha hindI patrakAritA sajagatA se kAma kara rahI hai| bhArata ko vizva zakti ke rUpa meM ubhArane tathA rASTrIya samagratA ko vikasita karane meM hindI patrakAritA kI bhUmikA bar3hI hai| Aja deza meM akhabAroM kI AvAja utanI hI bulanda hai jitanI saMsada meM kie gae nirNayoM kA asara hotA hai| hindI patrakAritA ke itihAsa meM (1885-1919) taka patrakAritA cetanA kA svarNima kAla rahA / isa kAla meM hindI patroM ne aisA siMhanAda kiyA ki rASTrIya bhaktoM kA jvAra A gyaa| hindosthAna sarvahitaiSI, hindI baMgavAsI, sAhitya sudhAnidhi, svarAjya, nRsiMha prabhA, prabhRti samAcAra patroM ne aisA jAgaraNa maMtra phUMkA ki aMgrejI zAsakoM kI cUleM hila gaI / 1885 meM hindosthAna kA prakAzaka kAlAkA~kara ke rAjA rAmapAla siMha ne kiyaa| paMDita madana mohana mAlavIya, amRtalAla cakravartI, pratApa nArAyaNa mizra, zazibhUSaNa caTarjI, gopAla rAma gahamarI, bAlamukunda gupta jaise diggaja hindI samAcAra patroM ke saMpAdaka the| ina samAcAra patroM ne dezavAsiyoM ko apane sAMskRtika mUlyoM aura svadeza ke prati jAgarUka bnaayaa| pUnA se prakAzita 'hinda kesarI' ilAhAbAda se 'svarAjya' ne svataMtratA Andolana ko gati dii| ina samAcAra patra ke sampAdakoM ko aMgrejI zAsakoM kA kopabhAjana bananA pdd'aa| vahIM hindI patra svataMtratA Andolana ke aguvA siddha hue / rASTrIya cetanA ke abhyudaya se AjAdI kA mArga prazasta huaa| vahIM hindI patrakAritA svataMtratA Andolana kI svarNa gAthA bana gii| hindI ke samarpita patrakAroM kA jIvanaitihAsa batAtA hai ki unakI lekhanI se aMgrejoM ko bhArata chor3anA pdd'aa| isake bAda kI patrakAritA vyakti, samAja, rASTra ke navanirmANa ke prati saMkalpita ho gii| 1948 se 1975 taka kI svAtaMtrottara patrakAritA ne rASTrIya nirmANa kA kArya kiyaa| Aja * aSTadazI / 175
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________________ hindI patrakAritA tvarita saMcAra sAdhanoM aura Adhunikatama mudraNa patrakArIya mUlyoM ko coTa pahuMcAnA hai| patrakAra kA dAyitva bodha saMyaMtroM ke kAraNa hI nahIM balki patrakAritA kA kalevara samagratA bhotharA ho gayA hai| patrakAritA uddezyaparaka hotI jA rahI hai, isameM kA hai, jisameM rASTrIya jIvana ke sabhI pahaluoM ko sameTA gayA pIta patrakAritA, rAjanItika cATukAritA jaisI-burAiyA~ A rahI hai| sAhityika, sAMskRtika abhirUci kA vikAsa, hindI bhASA haiN| seksa, hatyA, DakaitI, bhraSTAcAra, balAtkAra, nagnatA aura ke pariSkAra, lekhakIya zilpa utkarSa ke sAtha viSayoM ke prati chIchale vicAroM ne bhI nae yuga kI patrakAritA meM sthAna banAyA hai| abhiruci paidA kara patrakAroM ne rASTrIya cetanA meM ekAgratA paidA prasAra saMkhyA bar3hAne ke ina tarIkoM se patrakAritA kI chavi dhUmila kI hai| Aja hindI patrakAritA kI patAkA lie dezabhara meM bhI huI hai, patrakAra janatA meM mAnasika udvelana kara akhabAra becate rAjasthAna patrikA ke saMskaraNa nikAle jA rahe haiN| hindustAna, haiN| yaha isa samaya kI burAI hai| pakSapAta aura rAjanItika navabhArata TAimsa, jAgaraNa, Aja, paMjAba kesarI, naI duniyA, cATukAritA patrakAroM meM bar3hatI jA rahI hai| 21vIM sadI meM aMgrejI vizvAmitra, bhAskara, mahakA bhArata, navabhArata, dainika jyoti, patrakAritA hindI para hAvI ho rahI hai| isakA kAraNa hindI amara ujAlA, sanmArga, dezabandhu, prabhAta khabara, jaise aneka patrakAritA meM bar3hatI burAI tathA patrakAroM meM jIjiviSA kA abhAva samAcAra patra rASTra-sevA meM patrakArIya karma meM juTe hue haiN| 21vIM hai| patrakAroM meM pAThakoM ke prati dAyitva bodha ghaTatA jA rahA hai| sadI hindI patrakAritA kA svarNima kAla mAnA jAtA hai| AjAdI ____ patrakAroM ke saMkIrNa sarokAroM se hindI patrakAritA kuMThita ho rahI ke Andolana meM juTI patrakAroM kI pUrva pIr3hI ne hindI patrakAritA hai| hindI patrakAritA kI janmasthalI kolakAtA meM to hindI ko rASTrIya-niSThA kA Adarza diyA hai| isa Adarza ko deza kI patrakAroM kI jo sthiti hai usameM kisI bhI svAbhimAnI patrakAra ko yuvA patrakAra pIr3hI ne AtmasAta kara rakhA hai| coTa pahuMcanI svAbhAvika hai| hama apane hindI patrakAritA ke hindI patrakAritA ne sAhityika, zaikSaNika, dhArmika, itihAsa ko yahAM lajjita kara rahe haiM, hindI patrakAroM meM apane kRSi, svAsthya, vijJAna, udyoga, philma patrakAritA, mahilA, khela vaibhavazAlI itihAsa ko svarNima hI banAe rakhane tathA hindI evaM bAla patrakAritA jaise nae viSaya nikAla kara ina viSayoM para patrakAritA ke mAdhyama se deza evaM mAnavatA kI sevA karane kI agara lalaka hai to svastha cintana se patrakAra kI garimA khuda meM alAvA ina viSayoM para dezabhara meM hajAroM patra-patrikAeM nikAlI phira se jagAnI hogI tabhI pUrvajoM kI virAsata aura bhAvI hindI jA rahI haiN| hindI patrakAritA kA itihAsa bhaviSya meM deza dene patrakAritA ko Age le jAyA jA skegaa| vAlA tathA patrakAritA ke AdarzoM aura mUlyoM se ota-prota hai| nidezaka, AI0 ema0e0 bIkAnera isa aitihAsika vaibhava ne 21vIM sadI kI patrakAritA ko bhI dizA dI hai| patrakAritA jIvana mUlyoM ke vikAsa ke lie bane hue haiN| saikar3oM khyAtanAmA pUrvaja patrakAra hai, jinhoMne hindI patrakAritA ko vizva-paTala para sAkha dilAne ke lie tapasyA kI hai| patrakAroM ko saMskAritA kiyA hai| patrakAroM kI naitikatA ke lie khuda ne Adarza patrakAra kA jIvana jIyA hai| kI hindI patrakAritA suhAvane bhavana ke rUpa meM khar3I hai| isa rASTrIya nirmANa kI akhila dhArA ko satata rUpa se Age bar3hAkara Adarza patrakAritA dharma se 21vIM sadI meM patrakAritA ke svarNima yuga kI ummIdeM pUre rASTra ko hai| kyA 21vIM sadI kI patrakAritA vyavasAyonmukhI hone se patrakAritA ke mUlya pIche chUTate jA rahe haiM? yaha savAla vartamAna patrakAritA kA ahma savAla bana gayA hai| hindI patrakAritA ke svarNima itihAsa ko cAMdI ke Tukar3oM meM Aja kharIdA jA sakatA hai? patrakAra kA vyavasAyI honA saca meM 0 aSTadazI / 1760