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________________ 8888888888888888888833208 hemacaMdrAcArya aura unakA siddhahema meM vyAkaraNa * pro. aruNa jozI 388888888888 Aja se karIba ATha sau varSa pahale kA gujarAta sukha, samRddhi aura saMskAritA ke triveNI saMgama kA sthAna thaa| usa vakta gujarAta meM solaMkI yuga pravartita thaa| siddharAja jayasiMha tathA kumArapAla jaise yazasvI narapatiyoM ne apanI kartavya niSThA se gujarAta ko suvarNakAla kA paricaya karAyA thaa| ina donoM narapatiyoM ko jisane jJAnadRSTi pradAna kI, ve rAjaguru kalikAla-sarvajJa nAma se khyAti prApta AcArya hemacaMdrAcArya the| hemacaMdrAcArya kA janma ahamadAbAda ke nikaTa dhaMdhukA zahara meM maur3ha vaNika jAti meM huA thaa| unake pitA kA nAma cAcadeva yA cAciga thA aura mAtA kA nAma pAhiNIyA cAhiNI thaa| I.sa. 1088 arthAta vi.saM. 1145 kI kArtika pUrNimA ko unake yugapravartaka putra kA janma dina thaa| zaizava meM unakA nAma cAMga thaa| zAstravettA tejasvI jainacArya deva caMdrasUri se ucita vaya prApta karane ke bAda cAMga ko dIkSA prApta huii| tatpazcAt cAMga kA nAma somacaMdra rakhA gyaa| vidyAbhyAsa pUrNa hone para jaba AcArya kI padavI prApta huI taba ve hemacaMdrAcArya nAma se prasiddha hue| coryAsI (84) varSa kI jIvanayAtrA daramyAna unhoMne jisa sAhitya kI sAdhanA kii| usa meM saMbaMdha meM somaprabhAcArya ne likhA hai| klaptaM vyAkaraNaM navaM, viracitaM chaMdronavaM dvayAzrayAlaMkArau prathitaunavau, prakaTitaM zrI yogezAstraM nym| tarka: saMjanito navo, jinavarAdInAM caritraM navaM baddhaM yena, na kena kena vidhinA mahiH kRtoM duurtH|| arthAta nayA vyAkaraNa banAyA, nayA chaMdazAstra racA, dvayAzraya mahAkAvya aura aMlakAra zAstra ko vistRta kiyA aura nUtana svarUpa se prakaTa kiyaa| zrI yogazAstra ko janma diyA, jinavaroM ke caritroM ko graMtha baddha kiyaa| kina kina prakAra se zrI hemacaMdrAcArya ne ajJAna kA nAza nahIM kiyA hai?| isa zloka meM jo nayA vyAkaraNa kA ullekha huA hai vahI siddhahema hai| usako zabdAnuzAsana bhI kahA jAtA hai| siddharAja ne jaba mAlavA para AkramaNa kiyA thA taba vahAM se vijaya uparAMta bhoja kA 'sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa' nAmaka vyAkaraNa bhI prApta huA thaa| mAlavA meM likhita bhoja ke vyAkaraNa se adhika suMdara vyAkaraNa gujarAta meM likhA jAya aisI siddharAja kI kAmanA thIM, jo zrI hemacaMdrAcArya ne pUrI kii| mAtra eka varSa ke sImita kAla meM unhoMne vyAkaraNa graMtha kI racanA karake usakA nAma 'siddhahema' rkhaa| isase siddharAja aura hemacaMdra ye donoM amara ho gye| isa graMtha ko hAthI para suvarNa kI thAlI meM rakhakara pATaNa nagara meM dabAdabApUrvaka sammAnapUrvaka pradarzita kiyA gayA thaa| saMskRta aura prAkRtabhASA ke liye likhita aisA samartha vyAkaraNa hemacaMdra ke bAda likhane kA sAhasa aba taka kisI ne nahIM kiyA hai| (224)
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________________ -- apane graMtha kI nirvighna samApti hone ke liye zAstrakAra maMgalAcaraNa kI racanA karate haiN| zrI hemacaMdrAcArya ne bhI isI paraMparAnusAra graMtha ke AraMbha meM likhA haiH| praNamya paramAtmAnaM zraye: shbdaanushaasnm| AcArya hemacaMdreNa smRtvA kiMcita prkaashyte|| arthAta kucha yAda karane ke bAda paramAtmA ko praNAma karake zrI hemacaMdrAcArya zreyakArI zabdAnuzAsana ko prakAzita karate haiN| isa graMtha meM sUtroM dvArA vyAkaraNa kI carcA kI gaI hai| prathama sUtra hai "arhm"| yaha zabda eka ayyaya hai aura jaina paraMparA meM prasiddha hai| yaha paramezvara kA vAcaka zabda hai| kiMtu isa zabda dvArA mAtra jaina paraMparA kA hI bodha nahIM milatA hai| vyAkaraNa koI khAsa saMpradAya vizeSa kA graMtha nahIM hai kiMtu saMskRta yA prAkRta sIkhane vAle samasta chAtroM ke liye likhA gayA hai| isa dRSTi biMdu ko spaSTa karane ke liye zrI hemacaMdra prAraMbha meM kahate haiM ki 'arham' kA 'a' viSNukA vAcaka hai| 'ra' dvArA brahma kA khyAla milatA hai| 'ha' mahAdeva kA vAcaka hai aura 'm' arthAta * ardhacaMdrakAra saMjJA nirvANa kA sUcaka hai| AcAryajI ke zabdoM meM isa bAta ko vyakta karane ke liye likhA hai| akAreNa ucyate viSNuH rejhe brahmA vyvsthitH| hakAreNa haraH proktaH tadaMte paramaM pdm|| isa vyAkaraNa graMtha meM kula ATha adhyAya hai| prathama sAta adhyAyoM meM saMskRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa likhita hai aura aMtima adhyAya meM prAkRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa likhA gayA hai| prathama adhyAya meM saMjJA, svarasaMdhi, vyaMjana saMdhi, nAma ke vibhakti ke rUpoM kI niSpatti Adi ke liye 241 sUtra racita hai| dUsare adhyAya meM nAma ke vibhakti ke rUpoM kI carcA Age calatI hai| vibhakti kA kahAM aura kisa artha meM prayoga hotA hai isakI carcA 460 sUtroM meM kI gaI hai| tIsare adhyAya ke 521 sUtroM meM samAsa, kriyApada ke rUpa Adi kI carcA hai| cauthe adhyAya ke 481 sUtroM meM kriyApadoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| pAMcaveM adhyAya ke 498 sUtroM meM kRdaMta kI carcA hai| chaThaveM adhyAya meM 692 sUtroM meM taddhita prakaraNa kI carcA hai aura sAtaveM adhyAya meM taddhita kI carcA ke bAda saMskRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa samApta hotA hai| AcAryajI kI nirUpaNa paddhati paricaya prApta karane ke liye kucha udAharaNa dekheN| 1) eka-dvi-trimAsA hrsv-diirgh-plutaaH| jisa svara kA uccAraNa karane meM eka mAtrA kA samaya lage usako hrasva do mAtrA kA samaya lage usako dIrgha aura tIna mAtrA kA samaya lage usako pluta svara kahate 2) kAdiH vyNjnm| 'ka' aura 'ha' ke bIca meM Ane vAle varNa vyaMjana kahe jAte hai| kula 33 vyaMjana haiN| pANini ne kAdayo mAvasAnAH sparzAH sUtra dvArA 'ka' se 'ma' taka ke vyaMjanoM ko sparza vyaMjana kI saMjJA dI hai| 3) Adya-dvitIya-zASasA aghossaaH| prati varga ke prathama aura za, Sa, sa, arthAta ka, ca, ha, ta, pa, evaM kha, cha, Tha, tha, pha, tathA za, Sa, sa, ye teraha aghoSa yA kaThora vyaMjana hai| (225)
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________________ 4) anyo ghoSavAn / sUtra naM 3 meM likhita 13 ke atirikta jo vyaMjana haiM ve saba ghoSa athavA komala hai| 5 ) yaralavA aMtasthAH / ya, ra, la, va, aMtaHstha hai| 6) svataMtra kartA / kriyA kI siddhi meM jo pradhAna hotA hai vaha pradhAna hotA hai vaha 'kartA' hai| 7) kartuH vyApyaM krm| apanI kriyA se kartA jisa vastu ko vizeSataH prApta karanA cAhatA hai vaha vyApta kahalAtA hai aura usako karma saMjJA dI gaI hai| 8) sAdhakatamaM krnnm| kriyA karane meM jo adhika se adhika sahAyaka hotA hai usako karaNa kahate 9) karmAmiprayeH saMpradAnam / karttA, karma dvArA yA kriyA dvArA jisakA vizeSatayA icchatA hai vaha saMpradAna hai| 10) apAye'padhirapAdAnam / apAya ko viccheda kahate hai| upAya kI jo avadhi hai vaha 'apAdAna' 11) kriyA''zrayasyA ''dhAne dhikaraNay / kriyA ke Azraya rUpa karttA yA karma kA jo AdhAra hai vaha 'adhikaraNa' hai| 12) girindiinaam| giri, nadI Adi zabdoM meM 'na' kA vikalpa se 'Na' hotA hai tadanusAra giriNadI yA girinadI donoM zabda siddha hote hai / aba taka udAharaNa rUpa jina sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA ve saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke bodhaka sUtra hai kiMtu zrI hemacaMdrAcArya ne siddhahema kA AThavA~ adhyAya prAkRta bhASA ke vyAkaraNa ke liye likhA hai / usameM unhoMne mahArASTrI, zaurasenI apabhraMza Adi bhASAoM ke vyAkaraNa kI carcA kI hai| mahAvIra svAmI ne alpa zikSitoM ko khyAla meM rakhakara prAkRta meM upadeza diyA thaa| ataH prAkRta bhASA ke jJAna se dezya bhASA kI racanA zAstrIya rIti se jJAta ho sake isa Azaya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara zrI hemacaMdrAcArya ne apane vyAkaraNa graMtha meM prAkRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa samAviSTa kiyA hai| 'siddhahema' ke aMtima yAni ke AThaveM adhyAya meM eka hajAra sUtra dvArA prAkRta bhASA kA vyAkaraNa racA hai| yaha bhASA samAja meM jIvaMta hone se unhoMne katipaya dUhA- chaMda racanA bhI isI adhyAya meM samAviSTa kI hai| eka udAharaNa dekheN| - arthAt he bahana, eka jhopar3I kuTuMba svacchaMdI ho vahA~ sukha kahA~ ? / ekka kuDulI paMcahi rUddhi taha paMcahaM vijuaM juaM buddhi / bahiNueM taM gharuM kahi kiMva naMdau jetthu kuDuMbauM appaNachaMdau // meM pA~ca jana rahate hai una saba ke vicAra eka samAna nahIM hai| jahA~ (226)
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________________ aise aneka suMdara dUhA dvArA suMdara kAvya se kartA ne AThavAM adhyAya nirUpita kiyA hai| AcAryazrI ne prAkRtabhASA ko saralatA se samajhAne ke liye, samasaMskRta, tadbhava aura dezya prAkRta ko lakSya meM rakhakara jina sUtroM kI racanA kI hai unakA paricaya aba prApta kreN:| 1) svarasya udvette| vyaMjana ke sAtha jur3A huA jo svara hotA hai usameM se vyaMjana nikala jAne ke bAda jo svara bacatA hai usako udi'tta saMjJA dI gaI hai| 2) svare aNtrshc| arthAta aMtara, nira yA dura ke bAda svara Ane para 'ra' kA lopa nahIM hotA hai| nira + aMtara = niraMtara, aMtara + appA = aMtarappA, dura + avagAha = durvgaah| 3) mAMsAdeH vaa| arthAt mAMsa Adi zabdoM meM anuscAra kA vikalpa lopa hotA hai| prAkRta meM mAMsa aura mAsa donoM zabda hai| saMmuhaM bhI hai aura saMmuhaM bhI hai ki karomi aura kiM karami-donoM prayoga sahI hai| 4) I: hare vaa| arthAta hara zabda meM Adi 'a' kA vikalpa se I bhI hotA hai| ata: hIra aura hara kA artha zaMkara hai| 5) dvAre vaa| yahAM kahA gayA hai ki dvAra zabda meM 'A' kA e vikalpa se hotA hai| ataH dAra aura dera zabda niSpanna hotA hai| prAkRta zabda 'DerAtaMbu' kA DerA zabda dera para se AyA hai| 6) kirAta c| arthAta kirAta zabda kA 'ka' prAkRta meM 'ca' ho jAtA hai| 'kirAta' ke liye 'cilAoM' zabda milatA hai| 7) sthUle laH rH| arthAta saMskRta sthUla zabda ke liye jaba prAkRta zabda banatA hai taba 'la' kA 'ra' hotA hai aura sthUla para se thAre zabda utpanna hotA hai| 8) gRhasya ghara: aptau| arthAta jaba gRha ke sAtha pati zabda nahIM jur3A hotA hai taba gRha kA prAkRta meM ghara zabda hotA hai| gRhapati ke liye prAkRta meM 'gRhapaI' banatA hai kiMtu gharapaI nahIM bana sakatA hai| isa katipaya dRSTAMtoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki aSTama adhyAya vartamAna kAlIna gujarAtI, hiMdI, marAThI, baMgalA Adi bhASAoM ke itihAsa para vizeSa dhyAna detA hai| AcAryazrI hemacaMdrAcArya ko prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke pazcimI saMpradAya ke pramukha vaiyAkaraNa mAnA jAtA hai| isa aMtima adhyAya kA sarvaprathama sampAdana videzI vidvAna pizale ne kiyA thaa| AcAryazrI ne sAhitya evaM loka meM pracalita rUpoM ko dhyAna me rakha kara niyamAvalI prastuta kI hai| viSaya kI saMpUrNa carcA karane kA prayatna kiyA hai phira bhI DaoN. DolcInitti ne unakI ugra AlocanA karate hue likhA hai ki 'siddhahema' meM prAkRta vyAkaraNa kI pUrNatA nahIM hai, praur3hatA nahIM hai aura koI vizeSa pratibhA nahIM hai| graMtha ke anuzIlana karane se hama isa AlocanA se sahamata nahIM hai| bhArata varSa meM saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA udgama ati prAcIna kAla se huA thaa| pANini ne bhI apane se pUrva AvibhUrta Apizali kAzyapa, gAlava jaise dasa vyAkaraNa zAstriyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| vyAkaraNa zAstra meM pANini, kAtyAyana yA vararuci aura paMtajali munitraya saMjJA se atIva khyAti prApta hue haiN| hemacaMdra ke vyAkaraNa kA mUla strota kauna hai yaha prazna saMzodhana kA viSaya rahA hai kiMtu hemacaMdrAcArya ne kecina, . (227)
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________________ kazcina anya Adi zabdoM dvArA apane pUrvAcAryoM kA saMketa diyA hI hai| isa vyAkaraNa graMtha meM samAviSTa prAkRta vyAkaraNa para caMdra aura vararuci kA prabhAva spaSTataH lakSita hotA hai| pANini ne bhI 'prAkRta lakSaNa' nAmaka graMtha likhA thA aisA kahA jAtA hai| kiMtu isakI anupalabdhi meM prAkRta prakAza ke kartA vararuci hI prAcInatama prAkRta vaiyAkaraNI hai| vyAkaraNa kI racanA meM paribhASA kA khAsa mahatva hai| jArja koDo ke anusAra paribhASA metarules ko kahate hai| usako Rules of interpretation bhI kahA jAtA hai| usako avyavasthA dUra karane ke liye prayukta vAstavika vidhAna bhI kahA jAtA hai| hemacaMdra ne paribhASA ke liye 'nyAya' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura adhyetA kI alpa, madhyama, ucca kakSA dhyAna meM rakha kara svayaM AcAryazrI ne tIna pravRttiyAM bhI likhI hai| zrI hemacaMdrAcArya ne pANini kRta 'aSTAdhyAyI' meM praviSTa kliSTatA ko apane graMtha se dUra rakhA hai| vidyArthI ke liye varNya viSaya kA saralatA nirUpita karane kA dhyeya unhoMne nibhAyA hai| aura isa prakriyA meM ve mahad aMzata: zAkaTAyana ke anugAmI rahe haiN| saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to pANini dvArA sUtrabaddha pataMjali dvArA vistRta, jayAditya dvArA vRtti baddha kaiyaTa dvArA vyAkhyAna aura bAda meM nAgezapaMDita dvArA sthirIkRta vyAkaraNa ko zrI hemacaMdrAcArya ne saralIkRta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| puSpa ku so. hila DrAiva bhAva nagara, 364002 (gujarAta) ciMtana kaNa 288000080020038888888888888888808883 * Aja ke mAnava prema kI pukAra kara rahe haiM kiMtu prema pukArane kI cIja nahIM, jIvana meM utArane kii| cIja haiN| * jo vyakti mana, vajana va karma se prema kI saritA bahAtA haiM, vaha sabatA priya bana jAtA haiN| * jo vAstava meM prema kI saritA meM aharniza sarAbora rahatA hai, usake samparka meM Ane vAlA duHkhI prANI bhI usa AhAdita sukha se vaMcita nahIM ho paataa| phUTa ko bidAkara ekatA ke sUtra meM pratyeka prANI ko piTone vAlA sUtra prema hI to haiN| * parama viduSI mahAsatI zrI campAkuvaMrajI ma.sA. Mad208889868808888888858 (228)