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________________ jJAna bhaMDAroM para eka dRSTipAta - Agama prabhAkara muni zrI puNya vijaya jI isa yuga ke vikasita sAdhana aura vikasita vyavahAra kI dRSTi se lAibrerI yA pustakAlayoM kA vizva meM jo sthAna hai vahI sthAna pahale ke samaya meM usa yuga kI maryAdA ke anusAra bhANDAroM kA thA / dhana, dhAnya, vastra, pAtra Adi sAMsArika cIjoM ke bhANDAroM kI taraha zAstroM kA bhI bhANDAra arthAt saMgraha hotA thA jise dharmajIvI aura vidyAjIvI RSi-muni yA vidvAna hI karate the| yaha prathA kisI eka deza, kisI eka dharma yA kisI eka paramparA meM sImita nahIM rahI hai| bhAratIya AryoM kI taraha IrAnI Arya, krizciyana aura musalamAna bhI apane sammAnya zAstroM kA saMgraha sarvadA karate rahe haiN| bhANDAra ke itihAsa ke sAtha aneka bAteM saMkalita haiM--lipi, lekhana kalA, lekhana ke sAdhana, lekhana kA vyavasAya ityAdi / parantu yahAM to maiM apane lagabhaga cAlIsa varSa ke pratyakSa anubhava se jo bAteM jJAta huI haiM unhIM kA saMkSepa meM nirdeza karanA cAhatA huuN| / jahAM taka maiM jAnatA hUM, kaha sakatA hUM ki bhArata meM do prakAra ke bhANDAra mukhyatayA dekhe jAte haiM--vyaktigata mAlikI ke aura sAMghika mAlikI ke / vaidika paramparA meM pustaka saMgrahoM kA mukhya sambandha brAhmaNa varga ke sAtha rahA hai| brAhmaNavarga gRhasthAzrama pradhAna hai| use putra-parivAra Adi kA parigraha bhI iSTa hai--zAstrasammata hai| ataeva brAhmaNa-paramparA ke vidvAnoM ke pustaka-saMgraha pramukha rUpa se vyaktigata mAlikI ke rahe haiM, aura Aja bhI haiM / gujarAta, rAjasthAna, uttarapradeza, bihAra, baMgAla, mithilA yA dakSiNa ke kisI bhI pradeza meM jAkara purAne brAhmaNa-paramparA ke saMgraha ko hama dekhanA cAheM to ve kisI-na-kisI vyaktigata kuTumba kI mAlikI ke hI mila zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha 60
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________________ sakate haiM / parantu bhikSu-paramparA meM isase ulaTA prakAra hai / bauddha, jaina jaisI paramparAe~ bhikSu yA zramaNa paramparA meM sammilita haiM / yadyapi bhikSu yA zramaNa gRhasthoM ke avalambana se hI dharma yA vidyA kA saMrakSaNa, saMvardhana karate haiM to bhI unakA nijI jIvana aura uddeza aparigraha ke siddhAnta para avalambita hai--unakA koI nijI putra-parivAra Adi nahIM hotA / ataeva unake dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA yA saMrakSaNa pAne vAlA granthasaMgraha sAMghika mAlikI kA rahA hai aura Aja bhI hai| kisI bauddha vihAra yA kisI jaina saMsthA meM kisI eka AcArya yA vidvAn kA prAdhAnya kabhI rahA bhI ho taba bhI usake Azrama meM bane yA saMrakSita jJAnabhANDAra tatvata: saMgha kI mAlikI kA hI rahatA hai yA mAnA jAtA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se hama yahI jAnate haiM ki isa deza meM bauddha vihAra na hone se bauddha saMgha ke bhANDAra bhI nahIM haiM, parantu vastusthiti bhinna hai| yahAM ke purAne bauddha vihAroM ke choTe-bar3e aneka pustaka-saMgraha kucha usa rUpa meM aura kucha nayA rUpa lekara bhArata ke pADausI aneka dezoM meM ge| nepAla, tibbata, cIna, sIlona, barmA Adi aneka dezoM meM purAne bauddha zAstrasaMgraha Aja bhI sulabha jaina paramparA ke bhikSu bhArata ke bAhara nahIM gae / isalie unake zAstrasaMgraha bhI pramukha rUpa se bhArata meM hI rhe| zAyada bhArata kA aisA koI bhAga nahIM jahA~ jaina pustaka-saMgraha thor3e-bahuta pramANa meM na mile / dUra dakSiNa meM karNATaka, Andha, tamila Adi pradezoM se lekara uttara ke paMjAba, uttara pradeza taka aura pUrva ke baMgAla, bihAra se lekara pazcima ke kaccha, saurASTra taka jaina bhANDAra Aja bhI dekhe jAte haiM, phira bhale hI kahIM ve nAma mAtra ke hoM / ye saba bhANDAra mUla meM sAMghika mAlikI kI haisiyata se hI sthApita hue haiM / sAMghika mAlikI ke bhANDAroM kA mukhya lAbha yaha hai ki unakI vRddhi, saMrakSaNa Adi kAryoM meM sArA saMgha bhAga letA hai aura saMgha ke bhinna-bhinna darje ke anuyAyI gRhastha dhanI usameM apanA bhaktipUrvaka sAtha dete haiM, jisase bhANDAroM kI zAstrasamRddhi bahuta bar3ha jAtI hai aura usakI rakSA bhI ThIka ThIka hone pAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bIca ke andhAdhundhI ke samaya saikar3oM vighna-bAdhAoM ke hote hue bhI hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM purAne bhANDAra surakSita rahe aura purAne bhANDAroM kI kAyA para nae bhANDAroM kI sthApanA tathA vRddhi hotI rahI, jo paramparA Aja taka cala rahI hai| isa viSaya meM eka -do aitihAsika udAharaNa kAphI haiM / jaba pATana, khambhAta Adi sthAnoM meM kucha utpAta dekhA to AcAryoM ne bahumUlya zAstrasampatti jaisalamera Adi dUravartI saMrakSita sthAnoM meM sthAnAntarita kii| isase ulaTA, jahA~ aise utpAta kA sambhava na thA vahA~ purAne saMgraha vaise hI rahe, jJAna bhaMDAroM para eka dRSTipAta 61
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________________ jaise ki karNATaka ke digambara bhANDAra / yoM to vaidika, bauddha Adi paramparAoM ke granthoM ke sAtha merA vahI bhAva va sambandha hai jaisA jaina-paramparA ke zAstra-saMgrahoM ke sAtha, to bhI mere kArya kA pramukha sambandha paristhiti kI dRSTi se jaina bhANDAroM ke sAtha rahA hai| isase maiM unhIM ke anubhava para yahAM vicAra prastuta karatA hUM / bhArata meM kama se kama pAMcasau zahara, gAMva, kasbe Adi sthAna hoMge jahAM jaina zAstrasaMgraha pAyA jAtA hai / pAMcasau kI saMkhyA-yaha to sthAnoM kI saMkhyA hai, bhANDAroM kI nahIM / bhANDAra to kisI eka zahara, eka kasbe yA eka gAMva meM pandraha-bIsa se lekara do-tIna taka pAe jAte haiN| pATana meM bIsa se adhika bhANDAra haiM to ahamadAbAda, sUrata, bIkAnera Adi sthAnoM meM bhI dasa-dasa, pandraha-pandraha ke AsapAsa hoNge| bhANDAra kA kada bhI sabakA ekasA nhiiN| kisI kisI bhANDAra meM pacIsa hajAra taka grantha haiM, to kisI kisI meM do sau, pAMcasau bhI haiN| bhANDAroM kA mahatva bhinna-bhinna dRSTi se AMkA jAtA hai--kisI meM grantharAzi vipula hai to viSaya-vaividhya kama hai, kisI meM viSaya-vaividhya bahuta adhika hai to apekSAkRta prAcInatva kama hai, kisI meM prAcInatA bahuta adhika hai, kisI meM jainetara bauddha, vaidika jaisI paramparAoM ke mahattvapUrNa grantha zuddha rUpa meM saMgRhita haiM to kisI meM thor3e grantha aise haiM jo usa bhANDAra ke sivAya duniyA ke kisI bhAga meM abhI taka prApta nahIM haiM, vizeSa rUpa se aise grantha bauddha-paramparA ke hai, kisI meM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, prAcIna gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, hindI, phArasI Adi bhASA-vaividhya kI dRSTi se grantharAzi kA mahattva hai to kisI kisI meM purAne tAr3apatra aura citrasamRddhi kA mahattva hai| saurASTra, gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke alaga-alaga sthAnoM meM maiM rahA hUM aura bhramaNa bhI kiyA hai| maiMne lagabhaga cAlIsa sthAnoM ke saba bhANDAra dekhe haiM aura lagabhaga pacAsa bhANDAroM meM to pratyakSa baiThakara kAma kiyA hai / itane parimita anubhava se bhI jo sAdhana-sAmagrI jJAta evaM hastagata huI hai usake AdhAra para maiM kaha sakatA hUM ki vaidika, bauddha evaM jaina paramparA ke prAcIna tathA madhyayugIna zAstroM ke saMzodhana Adi meM jinheM rasa hai unake liye aparimita sAmagrI upalabdha hai| zvetAmbara, digambara, sthAnakavAsI aura terahapaMthI-ina cAra phirakoM ke Azrita jaina bhANDAra haiM / yoM to maiM ukta saba phirakoM ke bhANDAroM se thor3A bahuta paricita hUM to bhI merA sabase adhika paricaya tathA pratyakSa sambandha zvetAmbara paramparA ke bhANDAroM se hI rahA hai| merA khyAla hai ki viSaya tathA bhASA ke vaividhya kI dRSTi se, grantha saMkhyA kI dRSTi se, prAcInatA kI dRSTi se, granthoM ke kada, prakAra, alaMkaraNa Adi kI dRSTi se tathA alabhya, durlabha aura sulabha parantu zuddha aise bauddha, vaidika jaisI jainetara paramparAoM ke bahumUlya vividha viSayaka granthoM ke saMgraha kI dRSTi se zvetAmbara 62 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha
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________________ paramparA ke aneka bhANDAra itane mahattva ke haiM jitane mahattva ke anya sthAnoM ke nhiiN| mAdhyama kI dRSTi se mere dekhane meM Ae granthoM ke tIna prakAra haiM--tAr3apatra, kAgaja aura kpdd'aa| tAr3apatra ke grantha vikrama kI navIM zatI se lekara solahavIM zatI taka ke milate haiN| kAgaja ke grantha jaina bhANDAroM meM vikrama kI terahavIM zatI ke prArambha se abhI taka ke maujUda haiN| yadyapi madhya eziyA ke yArakanda zahara se dakSiNa kI ora 60 mIla para kugiyara sthAna se prApta kAgaja ke cAra grantha lagabhaga I.sa. kI pAMcavI zatI ke mAne jAte haiM, parantu itanA purAnA koI tAr3apatrIya yA kAgajI grantha abhI taka jaina bhANDAroM meM se nahIM milaa| parantu isakA artha itanA hI hai ki pUrvakAla meM likhe gae grantha jaise jaise bUr3he hue-nAzAbhimukha hue--vaise vaise unake upara se naI naI nakaleM hotI gaI aura nae race jAne vAle grantha bhI likhe jAne lge| isa taraha hamAre sAmane jo grantha-sAmagrI maujUda hai usameM merI dRSTi se, vikrama kI pUrva zatAbdiyoM se lekara navIM zatAbdI taka ke granthoM kA avataraNa hai aura navIM zatAbdI ke bAda nae race gae granthoM kA bhI samAveza hai| mere dekhe hue granthoM meM tAr3apatrIya granthoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga 3,000 (tIna hajAra) jitanI aura kAgaja ke granthoM kI saMkhyA to do lAkha se kahIM adhika hai| yaha kahane kI jarUrata nahIM ki isameM saba jaina phirakoM ke saba bhANDAroM ke granthoM kI saMkhyA abhipreta nahIM hai, vaha saMkhyA to dasa-pandraha lAkha se bhI kahIM bar3ha jaayegii| bhinna-bhinna apekSA se bhANDAroM kA vargIkaraNa nIce likhe anusAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| itanA dhyAna meM rahe ki yaha vargIkaraNa sthUla hai| prAcInatA kI dRSTi se tathA citrapaTTikA evaM anya citrasamRddhi kI dRSTi se aura saMzodhita tathA zuddha kie hue Agamika sAhitya kI evaM tArkika, dArzanika sAhitya kI dRSTi se-jisameM jaina paramparA ke atirikta vaidika aura bauddha paramparAoM kA bhI samAveza hotA hai--pATana, khambhAta aura jaisalamera ke tAr3apatrIya saMgraha prathama Ate haiN| inameM se jaisalamera kA kharatara-AcArya zrIjinabhadrasUri saMsthApita tAr3apatrIya bhANDAra prathama dhyAna khIMcatA hai| navIM zatAbdI vAlA tAr3apatrIya grantha vizeSAvazyaka mahAbhASya jo lipi, bhASA aura viSaya kI dRSTi se mahattva rakhatA hai vaha pahale pahala isI saMgraha se milA hai| isa saMgraha meM jitanI aura jaisI prAcIna citrapaTTikAeM tathA anya purAnI citra-samRddhi hai utanI purAnI aura vaisI kisI eka bhANDAra meM labhya nhiiN| isI tAr3apatrIya saMgraha meM jo Agamika grantha haiM ve bahudhA saMzodhita aura zuddha kie hue haiN| vaidika paramparA ke vizeSa zuddha aura mahattva ke kucha grantha aise haiM jo isa saMgraha meM haiN| isameM sAMkhyakArikA parakA gauDapAda-bhASya tathA itara vRttiyAM hai| yogasUtra ke Upara kI vyAsabhASya sahita tattvavaizAradI jJAna bhaMDAroM para eka dRSTipAta
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________________ TIkA hai| gItA kA zAMkarabhASya aura zrIharSa kA khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya hai / vaizeSika aura nyAyadarzana ke bhASya aura unake upara kI kramika udayanAcArya taka kI saba TIkAeM maujUda haiM / nyAyasUtra upara kA bhASya, usakA vArtika, vArtika para kI tAtparyaTIkA aura tAtparyaTIkA para tAtparyaparizuddhi tathA ina pAMcoM granthoM ke upara viSamapada-vivaraNarUpa 'paMcaprasthAna' nAmaka eka apUrva grantha isI saMgraha meM hai / bauddha paramparA ke mahattvapUrNa tarka-granthoM meM se saTIka saTippaNa nyAyabindu tathA saTIka saTippaNa tattvasaMgraha jaise kaI grantha haiM / yahAM eka vastu kI ora maiM khAsa nirdeza karanA cAhatA hUM jo saMzodhakoM ke liye upayogI hai / apabhraMza bhASA ke kaI aprakAzita tathA anyatra aprApya aise bArahavIM zatI ke bar3e bar3e kathA-graMtha isa bhANDAra meM haiM, jaise ki vilAsavaIkahA, ariTThanemicariu ityAdi / isI taraha chanda viSayaka kaI grantha haiM jinakI nakaleM purAtattvavida zrI jinavijayajI ne jaisalamera meM jAkara karAI thii| unhIM nakaloM ke AdhAra para prophesara velinakara ne unakA prakAzana kiyA hai| khambhAta ke zrIzAntinAtha tAr3apatrIya granthabhANDAra kI do-eka vizeSatAeM ye haiN| usameM citra-samRddhi to hai hI, para gujarAta ke suprasiddha maMtrI aura vidvAn vastupAla kI svahastalikhita dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya kI prati hai| pATana ke tIna tAr3apatrIya saMgrahoM kI aneka vizeSatAeM haiN| unameM se eka to yaha hai ki vahIM se dharma kIrti kA hetubindu arcaTa kI TIkA vAlA prApta huA, jo abhI taka mUla saMskRta meM kahIM se nahIM milA / jayarAzikA tattvopaplava jisakA anyatra koI patA nahIM vaha bhI yahIM se milaa| kAgaja-grantha ke aneka bhANDAroM meM se cAra-pAMca kA nirdeza hI yahAM paryApta hogaa| pATanagata tapAgaccha kA bhANDAra gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, hindI aura phArasI bhASA ke vividha viSayaka saikar3oM granthoM se samRddha haiM, jisameM 'AgamaDambara' nATaka bhI hai, jo anyatra durlabha hai| pATanagata bhAbhA ke pADe kA bhANDAra bhI kaI dRSTi se mahattva kA hai / abhI abhI usameM se chaThI-sAtavIM zatI ke bauddha tArkika AcArya zrI dharmakIrti ke suprasiddha 'pramANavArtika' grantha kI svopajJa vRtti milI hai jo tibbata se bhI Aja taka prApta nahIM huii| khambhAta sthita jainazAlA kA bhANDAra bhI mahattva rakhatA hai| usI meM vi.saM. 1234 kI likhI jinezvarIya 'kathAkoza' kI prati hai| jaina bhANDAroM meM pAI jAne vAlI kAgaja kI pothiyoM meM yaha sabase purAnI hai| ATha sau varSa ke bAda Aja bhI usake kAgaja kI sthiti acchI hai / upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI ke svahasta-likhita kaI grantha, jaise ki viSayatAvAda, stotrasaMgraha Adi, usI bhANDAra se abhI abhI mujhe mile haiM / jaisalamera ke eka kAgaja ke bhANDAra meM nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana ke sUtra, bhASya, TIkA, anuTIkA Adi kA 64 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha
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________________ pUrA seTa bahuta zuddha rUpa meM tathA saTippaNa vidyamAna hai, jo vi.saM. 1279 meM likhA gayA hai| ahamadAbAda ke kevala do bhANDAroM kA hI maiM nirdeza karatA huuN| pagathiyA ke upAzraya ke saMgrahoM meM se upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI ke svahastalikhita prameyamAlA tathA vItarAgastotra aSTama prakAza kI vyAkhyA--ye do grantha abhI abhI AcArya zrI vijayamanoharasUrijI dvArA mile haiM / bAdazAha jahAMgIra dvArA sammAnita vidvAn bhAnucandra aura siddhicandra racita kaI grantha isI saMgraha meM hai, jaise ki naiSadha kI tathA vAsavadattA kI TIkA Adi / devazA ke pADe kA saMgraha bhI mahattva kA hai| isameM bhI bhAnucandra, siddhicandra ke aneka grantha sune gae haiN| kapar3e para patrAkAra meM likhA abhI taka eka hI grantha milA hai, jo pATanagata zrIsaMgha ke bhANDAra kA hai| yoM to rola-Tippane ke AkAra ke kapar3e para likhe hue kaI grantha mile haiM, para patrAkAra likhita yaha eka hI grantha hai| sone-cAMdI kI syAhI se bane tathA aneka raMga vAle saikar3oM nAnAvidha citra jaise tAr3apatrIya granthoM para milate haiM vaise hI kAgaja ke granthoM para bhI hai| isI taraha kAgaja tathA kapar3e para Alikhita alaMkArasvacita vijJaptipatra, citrapaTa bhI bahutAyata se milate haiM / pAThe (par3hate samaya panne rakhane tathA pratAkAra grantha bAMdhane ke liye jo donoM aura gatte rakhe jAte haiM--puDhe), Dibbe Adi bhI sacitra tathA vividha AkAra ke prApta hote haiN| DibboM kI eka khUbI yaha bhI hai ki unameM se koI carmajaTita hai, koI vastra jaTita hai to koI kAgaja se mar3he hue haiM / jaisI Ajakala kI chapI huI pustakoM kI jildoM para racanAeM dekhI jAtI haiM vaisI ina DibboM para bhI ThappoM se-sAMcoM se DhAlI huI aneka taraha kI raMga-biraMgI racanAeM haiN| tAr3apatra, kAgaja, kapar3A Adi para kina sAdhanoM se kisa kisa taraha likhA jAtA thA? tAr3apatra tathA kAgaja kahAM kahAM se Ate the? ve kaise likhane lAyaka banAe jAte the? sone, cAMdI kI syAhI tathA anya raMga kaise taiyAra kie jAte the?, citra kI tUlikA Adi kaise hote the? ityAdi bAtoM kA yahAM to maiM saMkSepa meM hI nirdeza kruuNgaa| bAkI, isa bAre meM maiMne anyatra vistAra se likhA hai| lekhana viSayaka sAmagrI tAr3apatra aura kAgaja-jJAnasaMgraha likhavAne ke liye bhinna bhinna prakAra ke acche se acche tAr3apatra aura kAgaja apane deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM se maMgAe jAte the| tAr3apatra malabAra Adi sthAnoM meM se Ate the / pATana aura khambhAta ke jJAnabhANDAroM se isa bAre ke pandrahavIM zatI ke jJAna bhaMDAroM para eka dRSTipAta
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________________ anta ke samaya ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM / ve isa prakAra haiM : I --- ||sN. 1489 varSa jye. vadi / patra 354 malabAranAM ||vry pRthula saMcayaH // zrI // pATana ke bhANDAroM meM se bhI isI se milatA-julatA ullekha milA thA / usameM to eka panne kI kImata bhI dI gaI thI / yadyapi vaha pannA Aja astavyasta ho gayA hai phira bhI usameM Ae hue ullekha ke smaraNa ke AdhAra para eka pannA chaha Ane kA AyA thA / grantha likhane ke liye jisa taraha tAr3apatra malabAra jaise sudUravartI deza se maMgAe jAte the, usI taraha acchI jAta ke kAgaja kAzmIra aura dakSiNa jaise dUra ke dezoM se maMgAe jAte the| gujarAta meM ahamadAbAda, khambhAta, sUrata Adi aneka sthAnoM meM acche aura majabUta kAgaja banate the / idhara ke vyApArI abhI taka apanI bahiyoM ke liye inhIM sthAnoM ke kAgaja kA upayoga karate rahe haiN| zAstra likhane ke liye sUrata se kAgaja maMgAne kA eka ullekha saMskRta padya meM milatA hai| vaha padya isa prakAra hai : " sUrAtpurataH korakapatrANyAdAya cetaso bhaktyA / likhitA pratiH prazastA prayatnataH kanakasomena // " "1 isakA sArAMza yaha hai ki sUrata zahara se kore kAgaja lAkarake hArdika bhakti se kanakasoma nAmaka muni ne prayatnapUrvaka yaha prati likhI hai / tAr3apatra meM moTI-patalI, komala- rUkSa, lambI-choTI, caur3I-saMkarI Adi aneka prakAra kI jAteM thI / isI prakAra kAgajoM meM bhI moTI patalI, sapheda-sAMvalApana lI huI, komala - rUkSa, cikanI-sAdI Adi aneka jAteM thii| inameM se zAstralekhana ke liye, jahAM taka ho sakatA thA vahAM taka, acche se acche tAr3apatra aura kAgaja kI pasaMdagI kI jAtI thii| kAgaja kI aneka jAtoM meM se kucha aise bhI kAgaja Ate the jo Ajakala ke kArDa ke jaise moTe hone ke sAtha hI sAtha majabUta bhI hote the / kucha aise kAgaja the jo Aja ke patale baTara pepara kI apekSA bhI kahIM adhika mahIna hote the / ina kAgajoM kI eka yaha vizeSatA thI ki usa para likhA huA dUsarI ora phailatA nahIM thA / Upara jisakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai vaise bArIka aura moTe kAgajoM ke Upara likhI huI Dhera kI Dhera pustakeM isa samaya bhI hamAre jJAna bhANDAroM meM vidyamAna hai / isake atirikta, hamAre ina jJAnabhANDAroM ko yadi pRthakkaraNa kiyA jAya to prAcIna samaya meM hamAre deza meM banane vAle kAgajoM kI vividha jAteM hamAre dekhane meM AeMgI / Upara kahI huI kAgaja kI jAtoM meM se kucha aisI bhI jAteM hai jo cAra sau pAMca sau varSa bItane para bhI dhuMdhalI nahIM par3I hai / yadi ina granthoM ko hama dekheM to hameM aisA hI mAlUma hogA ki mAno ye naI pothiyAM haiM / 1 syAhI - tAr3apatra aura kAgaja ke Upara likhane kI syAhiyAM bhI khAsa vizeSa prakAra kI zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha 66
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________________ banatI thI / yadyapi Ajakala bhI tAr3apatra para likhane kI syAhI kI banAvaTa ke tarIkoM ke vividha ullekha milate haiM, phira bhI usakA saccA tarIkA, pandrahavIM zatI ke uttarArddha meM lekhana ke vAhana ke rUpa meM kAgaja kI ora logoM kA dhyAna savizeSa AkarSita hone para bahuta jaldI vismRta ho gyaa| isa bAta kA anumAna hama pandrahavIM zatI ke uttarArddha meM likhI gaI aneka tAr3apatrIya pothiyoM ke ukhar3e hue akSaroM ko dekhakara kara sakate haiM / pandrahavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha meM likhI huI tAr3apatra kI pothiyoM kI syAhI kI camaka aura usI zatI ke uttarArddha meM likhI huI tAr3apatra kI pothiyoM kI syAhI kI camaka meM hama jamIna-AsamAna kA pharka dekha sakate haiN| alabattA, pandrahavIM zatI ke aMta meM dharaNA zAha Adi ne likhavAI huI tAr3apatrIya granthoM kI syAhI kucha ThIka hai, phira bhI usI zatI ke pUrvArddha meM likhI gaI pothiyoM kI syAhI ke sAtha usakI tulanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / kAgaja ke Upara likhane kI syAhI kA khAsa prakAra Aja bhI jaise kA taisA surakSita rahA hai arthAt yaha syAhI cirakAla taka TikI rahatI hai aura grantha ko nahIM bigAr3atI / raMga - jisa taraha granthoM ke lekhana Adi ke liye kAlI, lAla, sunahalI, rUpaharI Adi syAhiyAM banAI jAtI thIM usI taraha grantha Adi meM varNita viSaya ke anurUpa vividha prakAra ke citroM ke Alekhana ke liye aneka prakAra ke raMgoM kI anivArya AvazyakatA hotI thI / ye raMga vizeSa khanija aura vanaspati Adi padArtha tathA unake mizraNa meM se suMdara rUpa se banAe jAte the / yaha bAta hama hamArI AMkhoM ke sAmane Ane vAle saikar3oM sacitra grantha dekhane se samajha sakate haiM / raMgoM kA yaha mizraNa aisI saphAI ke sAtha aura aise padArthoM kA kiyA jAtA thA, jisase vaha grantha kokhA na DAle aura khuda bhI nisteja aura dhuMdhalA na par3e / lekhanI - jisa taraha likhane ke liye drava dravya ke rUpa meM syAhI Avazyaka vastu hai usI taraha likhane ke sAdhana rUpa se kalama, tUlikA Adi bhI Avazyaka padArtha haiM / yadyapi apanI apanI suvidhA ke anusAra aneka prakAra ke sarakaNDe tathA narakaTa meM se kalameM banA lI jAtI thIM, phira bhI graMtha likhane vAle lahie yA lekhaka ko satata aura vyavasthita rUpa se likhanA par3atA thA, isaliye khAsa vizeSa prakAra ke sarakaNDe pasaMda kie jAte the| ye sarakaNDe vizeSata: amuka prakAra ke bAMsa ke, kAle sarakaNDe athavA dAlacInI kI lakar3I jaise pIle aura majabUta narakaTa adhika pasaMda kie jAte the / inameM se bhI kAle sarakaNDe adhika pasanda kie jAte the / ina sarakaNDoM ke guNa-doSa kA vicAra bhI hamAre prAcIna granthoM meM kiyA gayA hai ki kalama kaise banAnI tathA usakA kaTAva kaisA honA cAhie ityAdi / kalama ke nApa Adi ke liye bhI bhinna bhinna prakAra kI mAnyatAeM hamAre yahAM pracalita haiM / jJAna bhaMDAroM para eka dRSTipAta 67
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________________ maSIbhAjana-dAvAta-syAhI bharane ke liye hamAre yahAM kAMca kI, saphAIdAra miTTI kI tathA dhAtu Adi aneka prakAra kI dAvAteM banatI hoMgI aura unakA upayoga kiyA jAtA hogaa| parantu unake AkAra-prakAra prAcIna yuga meM kaise hoMge--yaha jAnane kA viziSTa sAdhana isa samaya hamAre sammukha nahIM haiN| phira bhI Aja hamAre sAmane do sau, tIna sau varSa kI dhAtu kI vividha prakAra kI dAvAteM vidyamAna haiM aura hamAre apane jamAne ke purAne lekhaka tathA vyApArI syAhI bharane ke liye jina dAvAtoM tathA DibbiyoM kA upayoga karate Ae haiM una para se unake AkAra Adi ke bAre meM hameM kucha patA laga sakatA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se vicAra karane para aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki kAMca yA miTTI kI dAvAtoM kI taraha TUTane kA bhaya na rahe isalie pItala jaisI dhAtu kI dAvAteM aura DibbiyAM hI adhika pasaMda kI jAtI hoNgii| oliyA athavA phAMTiyA-grantha likhate samaya likhAI kI paMktiyAM barAbara sIdhI likhane ke liye tAr3apatra Adi ke Upara usa jamAne meM kyA karate hoMge yaha hama nahIM jAnate, parantu tAr3apatrIya pustakoM kI jAMca karane para amuka pustakoM ke pratyeka panne kI pahalI paMkti syAhI se khIMcI huI dikhAI detI hai| isase aisA sambhava pratIta hotA hai ki pahalI paMkti ke anusAra anumAna se sIdhI likhAI likhI jAtI hogii| kAgaja ke Upara likhe hue kucha granthoM meM bhI Upara kI pahalI lakIra syAhI se khIMcI huI dIkha par3atI hai| isa se aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki jaba taka 'oliyA' jaise sAdhana kI khoja nahIM huI hogI athavA vaha jaba taka vyApaka nahIM huA hogA taba taka uparyukta tarIke se athavA usase milate-julate kisI dUsare tarIke se kAma liyA jAtA hogaa| parantu grantha-lekhana ke liye kAgaja vyApaka banane para likhAI saralatA se sIdhI likhI jA sake isaliye 'oliyA' banAne meM aayaa| yaha oliyA' gattA athavA lakar3I kI patalI paTTI meM samAntara surAkha karake aura unameM dhAgA pirokara usa para-dhAgA idhara udhara na ho jAya isaliye zleSa (goMda jaise cikane) dravya lagAkara banAyA jAtA thaa| isa tarIke se taiyAra hue oliye ke Upara pannA rakhakara eka ke bAda dUsarI, isa taraha samUcI paMkti para u~galI se dabAkara lakIra khIMcI jAtI thii| lakIra khIMcane ke isa sAdhana ko 'oliyA'1 athavA 'phAMTiyA' kahate haiM / gujarAta aura mAravAr3a ke lahie Aja bhI isa sAdhana kA vyApaka rUpa se upayoga karate haiN| isa sAdhana dvArA taha lagAkara khIMcI huI lakIreM prArambha meM Ajakala ke voTarakalara kI lakIroM vAle kAgaja kI lakIra jaisI dikhAI detI hai, parantu pustaka bAMdhane para tathA taha baiTha jAne para likhAvaTa svAbhAvikasI dIkha par3atI hai| jujavala aura prAkAra-pannoM ke Upara athavA yaMtrapaTa Adi meM lakIreM khIMcane ke liye zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha
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________________ yadi kalama kA upayoga kiyA jAya to usakI bArIka noka thor3I hI dera meM kUcI jaisI ho jAya / isaliye hamAre yahAM prAcIna samaya meM lakIreM khIMcane ke liye jujavala kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| isakA agrabhAga cimaTe kI taraha do tarapha mor3akara banAyA jAtA hai / isaliye ise jujavala athavA jujabala kahate haiN| yaha kisI-na-kisI dhAtu kA banAyA jAtA hai| isI taraha yaMtrapaTAdi meM gola AkRti khIMcane ke liye prAkAra (parakAla, aM. Compass) bhI banate the / isa prakAra kA lakIra khIMcane kI taraphA kA muMha jujavala se milatA julatA hotA hai, jisase gola AkRti khIMcane ke liye usameM syAhI Thahara ske| lipi-jaina jJAnabhANDAragata zAstroM kI lipi kI pahacAna kucha vidvAna jaina lipi ke nAma se karAte haiM / sAmAnyata: lipi kA svarUpa prArambha meM eka jaisA hone para bhI samaya ke pravAha ke sAtha vividha svabhAva, vividha deza evaM lipiyoM ke samparka aura vibhinna paristhiti ke kAraNa vaha bhinna bhinna nAma se pahacAnI jAtI hai| yahI siddhAnta jaina-lipi ke bAre meM bhI lAgU hotA hai| udAharaNArtha, hama bhAratavarSa kI pracalita lipiyoM ko hI dekheM / yadyapi ye saba eka hI brAhmI lipi kI sahodara lar3akiyAM hai, phira bhI Aja to ve saba sautilI lar3akiyAM jaisI bana gaI hai| yahI bAta isa samaya pracalita hamArI devanAgarI lipi ko bhI lAgU hotI hai jo ki hindI, marAThI, brAhmaNa aura jaina Adi aneka vibhAgoM meM vibhakta ho gaI hai / jaina-lipi bhI lekhana praNAlI ke vaividhya ko lekara yatiyoM kI lipi, kharatara gaccha kI lipi, mAravAr3I lekhakoM kI lipi, gujarAtI lekhakoM kI lipi Adi aneka vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| aisA hone para bhI vastuta: yaha sArA lipibheda lekhanapraNAlI ke hI kAraNa paidA huA hai| bAkI, lipi ke maulika svarUpa kI jise samajha hai usake liye jaina-lipi jaisI koI vastu hI nahIM hai| prasaMgopAtta hama yahAM para eka OMkAra akSara hI leM / jaina-lipi aura marAThI, hindI Adi lipi meM bhinna bhinna rUpa se dikhAI dene vAle isa akSara ke bAre meM yadi hama nAgarI lipi kA prAcIna svarUpa jAnate hoM to saralatA se samajha sakate haiM ki sirpha akSara ke maror3a meM se hI ye do AkRtibheda paidA hue haiM / vastuta: yaha kucha jaina yA vaidika OMkAra kA bheda hI nahIM hai| lipimAlA kI dRSTi se aise to aneka udAharaNa hama de sakate haiM / isaliye yadi hama apanI lipimAlA ke prAcIna-arvAcIna svarUpa jAna leM to lipibheda kA viSaya hamAre sAmane upasthita hI nahIM hotaa| jaina granthoM kI lipi meM satrahavIM zatI ke anta taka pRSThamAtrA-pADamAtrA aura agramAtrA kA hI upayoga adhika pramANa meM huA hai, parantu usake bAda pRSThamAtrAne UrdhvamAtrA kA aura agramAtrA ne adhomAtrA kA svarUpa dhAraNa kiyaa| isake pariNAmasvarUpa bAda ke jamAne meM lipi kA svarUpa saMkSipta aura choTA ho gyaa| jJAna bhaMDAroM para eka dRSTipAta 69
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________________ lekhaka athavA lahiyA-apane yahAM grantha likhane vAle lekhaka athavA lahie kAyastha, brAhmaNa Adi aneka jAtiyoM ke hote the| kabhI kabhI to pIr3hI dara pIr3hI unakA yaha avicchina vyavasAya banA rahatA thaa| ye lekhaka jisa taraha likha sakate the usI taraha prAcIna lipiyAM bhI vizvasta rUpa se par3ha sakate the| lipi ke pramANa aura sauSThava kA unakA bahuta vyavasthita jJAna rahatA thaa| lipi kI maror3a yA usakA vinyAsa bhinna bhinna saMskAra ke anusAra bhinna bhinna rUpa letA thA aura lipi ke pramANa ke anusAra AkAra-prakAra meM bhI vividhatA hotI thii| koI lekhaka lambe akSara likhate to koI capaTe, jabaki koI gola likhate / koI lekhaka do paMktiyoM ke bIca mArjina kama se kama rakhate to koI adhika rakhate / pichalI do-tIna zatAbdiyoM ko bAda kareM to khAsa karake lipi kA pramANa hI bar3A rahatA aura paMktiyoM ke Upara-nIce kA mArjina kama se kama rahatA / ve akSara sthUla bhI likha sakate the aura bArIka se bArIka bhI likha sakate the| lekhakoM ke bahama bhI aneka prakAra ke the| jaba kisI kAraNavaza likhate likhate uThanA par3e taba amuka akSara Ae tabhI likhanA banda karake uThate, anyathA kisI-na-kisI prakAra kA nukasAna uThAnA par3atA hai aisI unameM mAnyatA pracalita thii| jisa taraha amuka vyApArI dUsare kA rojagAra khUba acchI taraha se calatA ho taba IrSyAvaza use hAni pahuMcAne ke upAya karate haiM, usI taraha lahie bhI eka-dUsare ke dhandhe meM antarAya DAlane ke liye syAhI kI cAlU dAvAta meM tela DAla dete, jisase kalama ke Upara syAhI hI jamane na pAtI aura usake dAga kAgaja para par3ane lagate / vizeSa karake aisA kAma koI vizeSa rUpa se mAravAr3I lahiye hI karate the kintu aisI pravRtti ko kusamAdI-kamInApana hI kahA jAtA thaa| kucha lahie jisa phaTTI para pannA rakhakara pustaka likhate use khar3I rakha karake likhate to kucha Ar3I rakha kara likhate, jaba ki kAzmIrI lahie aise siddhahasta hote the ki panne ke nIce phaTTI yA vaisA koI sahArA rakhe binA hI likhate the / adhikatara lahie Ar3I phaTTI rakha kara hI likhate haiM, parantu jodhapurI lahie phaTTI khar3I rakhakara likhate haiN| unakA mAnanA hai "ki Ar3I pATI se lugAiyAM likheM, maiM to marada hoM sA!" isake atirikta apane dhandhe ke bAre meM aisI bahuta sI bAteM haiM jinheM lahie pasanda nahIM karate / ve apanI baiThane kI gaddI para dUsare kisI ko baiThane nahIM dete, apanI cAlU dAvAta meM se kisI ko syAhI bhI nahIM dete aura apanI cAlU kalama bhI kisI ko nahIM dete / lahiyoM ke bAre meM isa taraha kI vividha hakIkatoM ke sUcaka bahuta se subhASita Adi hameM prAcIna granthoM meM se milate haiM, jo unake guNa-doSa, unake upayoga kI vastuoM tathA unake svabhAva Adi kA nirdeza karate hai| jisa taraha lahie grantha likhate the usI taraha jaina sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikAe~ bhI sauSThavaparipUrNa lipi se zAstra 70 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha
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________________ likhate the| jaina sAdhviyoM dvArA tathA devaprasAda (vi.saM. 1157) jaise zrAvaka athavA sAvade (anumAnata:vikrama kI 14vIM zatI), rUpAde Adi zrAvikAoM dvArA likhe gae grantha to yadyapi bahuta hI kama haiM parantu jaina sAdhu evaM jaina AcAryoM ke likhe grantha to saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM upalabdha hote haiN| pustakoM ke prakAra-prAcIna kAla meM (lagabhaga vikrama kI pAMcavI zatI se lekara) pustakoM ke AkAra-prakAra para se unake gaNDIpustaka, muSTipustaka, saMpuTaphalaka, chedapATI jaise nAma die jAte the| ina nAmoM kA ullekha nizIthabhASya aura usakI cUrNi Adi meM AtA hai| jisa taraha pustakoM ke AkAra-prakAra para se unheM uparyukta nAma die gae haiM usI taraha bAda ke samaya meM arthAt pandrahavIM zatI se pustakoM kI likhAI ke AkAra-prakAra para se unake vividha nAma par3e haiM, jaise ki zUr3a athavA zUr3ha pustaka, dvipATha pustaka, paMcapATha pustaka, sastabaka pustaka / inake atirikta citrapustaka bhI eka prakArAntara hai| citrapustaka arthAt pustakoM meM khIMce gae citroM kI kalpanA koI na kre| yahAM para 'citrapustaka' isa nAma se merA Azaya likhAvaTa kI paddhati meM se niSpanna citra se hai| kucha lekhaka likhAI ke bIca aisI sAvadhAnI ke sAtha jagaha khAlI chor3a dete haiM jisase aneka prakAra ke caukora, tikona, SaTkoNa, chatra, svastika, agnizikhA, vajra, DamarU, gomUtrikA Adi AkRticitra tathA lekhaka ke vivakSita granthanAma, gurunAma athavA cAhe jisa vyakti kA nAma yA zloka-gAthA Adi dekhe kiMvA par3he jA sakate haiM / ata:isa prakAra ke pustaka ko hama 'riktalipicitrapustaka' isa nAma se pahacAneM to vaha yukta hI hogaa| isI prakAra, Upara kahA usa taraha, lekhaka likhAI ke bIca meM khAlI jagaha na chor3akara kAlI syAhI se avicchinna likhI jAtI likhAvaTa ke bIca meM ke amuka-amuka akSara aisI sAvadhAnI aura khUbI se lAla syAhI se likhate jisase usa likhAvaTa meM aneka citrAkRtiyAM, nAma athavA zloka Adi dekhe-par3he jA skte| aisI citrapustakoM ko hama 'lipicitrapustaka' ke nAma se pahacAna sakate haiN| isake atirikta 'aMkasthAnacitrapustaka' bhI citrapustaka kA eka dUsarA prakArAntara hai / isameM aMka ke sthAna meM vividha prANI, vRkSa, mandira Adi kI AkRtiyAM banAkara unake bIca patrAMka likhe jAte haiM / citra-pustaka ke aise kitane hI itara prakArAntara haiN| grantha saMzodhana, usake sAdhana tathA cihna Adi jisa taraha granthoM ke lekhana tathA usase sambaddha sAdhanoM kI AvazyakatA hai usI taraha azuddha likhe hue granthoM ke saMzodhana kI, usase sambaddha sAdhanoM kI aura itara saMketoM kI bhI utanI jJAna bhaMDAroM para eka dRSTipAta 71
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________________ hI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isIliye aise anekAneka prakAra ke sAdhana evaM saMketa hameM dekhane tathA jAnane ko milate haiN| sAdhana-haratAla Adi-granthoM ke saMzodhana ke liye kalama Adi kI AvazyakatA to hotI hI hai, parantu isake atirikta azuddha aura anAvazyaka adhika akSaroM ko miTAne ke liye athavA unheM parivartita karane ke liye haratAla, saphedA Adi kI aura khAsa sthAna athavA viSaya Adi kI pahacAna ke liye lAla raMga, dhAgA Adi kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai| tAr3apatrIya pustakoM ke jamAne meM akSaroM ko miTAne ke lie haratAla Adi kA upayoga nahIM hotA thA, parantu adhika akSaroM ko pAnI se miTAkara use aspaSTa kara dete the athavA una akSaroM kI donoM ora 9-9 aisA ulaTA sIdhA gujarAtI nau ke jaisA AkAra banAyA jAtA thA aura azuddha akSara yukti se sudhAra lete the| isI prakAra viziSTa sthAna Adi kI pahacAna ke liye una sthAnoM ko gerU se raMga dete the / parantu kAgaja kA yuga Ane ke bAda yadyapi prArambha meM yaha paddhati cAlU rahI kintu prAya: turaMta hI saMzodhana meM nirupayogI akSaroM ko miTAne ke liye tathA azuddha akSaroM ko parivartita karane ke liye haratAla aura saphede kA upayoga dikhAI detA hai| tUlikA, baTTA, dhAgA-Upara nirdiSTa haratAla Adi lagAne ke liye tUlikA kI AvazyakatA par3atI thI tathA haratAla Adi ke khuradarepana ko dUra karane ke liye kaur3I Adi se use pIsa lete the| tUlikAeM gilaharI kI duma ke bAloM ko kabUtara athavA mora ke paMkha ke agale pole bhAga meM pirokara choTI-bar3I cAhie vaisI hAtha se hI banA lI jAtI thI athavA Aja kI taraha taiyAra bhI avazya milatI hogI / syAhI Adi ghoMTane ke liye baTTe bhI akIka Adi aneka prakAra ke patthara ke banate the| inake atirikta tAr3apatrIya granthoM ke jamAne meM grantha ke vibhAga athavA viziSTa viSaya kI khoja meM dikkata yA mehanata na ho isaliye tAr3apatra ke surAkha meM dhAgA pirokara aura usake agale hisse ko aiMThana lagAkara bAhara dikhAI de isa taraha use rakhate the| . saMzodhana ke cihna aura saMketa-jisa taraha Adhunika mudraNa ke yuga meM vidvAna grantha-sampAdaka tathA saMzodhakoM ne pUrNavirAma, alpavirAma, praznacinha, Azcaryadarzaka cinha Adi aneka prakAra ke cihna-saMketa pasanda kie haiM, usI taraha prAcIna hastalikhita pustakoM ke jamAne meM bhI unake saMzodhaka vidvAnoM ne likhita granthoM meM vyartha kATa-chAMTa, dAga-dhabbA Adi na ho, Tippana yA paryAyArtha likhe binA vastu spaSTa samajha meM A jAya isake liye aneka prakAra ke cihna kiMvA saMketa pasaMda kie the, jaise ki--(1) galitapAThadarzaka cihna, (2) galitapAThavibhAgadarzaka cihna, 72 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha
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________________ (3) kAnA darzaka cihna, (4) anyAkSaravAcanadarzaka cihna, (5) pAThaparAvRttidarzaka cihna, (6) svarasandhyaMzadarzaka cihna, (7) pAThAntaradarzaka cihna, (8) pAThAnusandhAnadarzaka cihna, (9) padacchedadarzaka cihna, (10) vibhAgadarzaka cihna, (11) ekapadadarzaka cihna, (12) vibhaktivacanadarzaka cihna, (13) Tippanaka (vizeSa noTsa)- darzaka cihna, (14) anvayadarzaka cihna, (15) vizeSaNa-vizeSya-sambandhadarzaka cihna aura (16) pUrvapadaparAmarzaka cihna / cihnoM ke ye nAma kisI bhI sthAna para dekhane meM nahIM Ae parantu unake hetu ke lakSa meM rakhakara maiMne svayaM hI ina nAmoM kI AyojanA kI hai| grantha-saMrakSaNa ke sAdhana likhita pustakoM ke liye do prakAra kI kAMbiyoM kA (saM. kambikA= phuTa jaisI lakar3I kI paTTI) upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| unameM se eka bilakula capaTI hotI thI aura dUsarI hAMsa arthAt Age ke bhAga meM choTe se khaDDevAlI hotI thii| pahale prakAra kI kAMbI kA pustaka par3hate samaya u~galI kA pasInA yA maila kA dAga usa para na par3e isaliye use panne para rakhakara usa para u~galI rakhane meM kiyA jAtA thaa| jisa taraha Aja bhI kucha saphAIpasaMda aura vivekI puruSa pustaka par3hate samaya u~galI ke nIce kAgaja vagairaha rakhakara par3hate haiM ThIka usI taraha pahale prakAra kI kAMbI kA upayoga hotA thaa| dUsarI taraha kI kAMbI kA upayoga panne ke eka sire se dUsare sire taka yA yaMtrAdi ke Alekhana ke samaya lakIreM khIMcane ke liye kiyA jAtA thaa| kambikA ke upayoga kI bhAMti hI pustaka mur3a na jAya, bigar3a na jAya, usake panne ur3a na jAya, varSAkAla meM namI na lage isa taraha kI grantha kI surakSitatA ke liye kavalI (kapar3e se mar3hI huI choTI aura patalI caTAI), pAThe arthAt puDhe, vastraveSTana, Dibbe Adi kA bhI upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| pAThe aura Dibbe nirupayogI kAgajoM kI lugadI meM se athavA kAgajoM ko eka dUsare ke sAtha cipakAkara banAe jAte the / pAThe aura DibboM ko sAmAnyata:camar3e yA kapar3e Adi se mar3ha liyA jAtA thA athavA unheM bhinna bhinna prakAra ke raMgoM se raMga lete the| kabhI kabhI to una para latA Adi ke citra aura tIrthaMkara Adi ke jIvanaprasaMga yA anya aitihAsika prasaMga vagairaha kA Alekhana kiyA jAtA thaa| yaha bAta to kAgaja kI pustakoM ke bAre meM huii| tAr3apatrIya grantha Adi ke saMrakSaNa ke liye aneka prakAra kI kalApUrNa citrapaTTikAeM banAI jAtI thii| unameM sundara-sundaratama belabUTe vividha prANI, prAkRtika vana, sarovara Adi ke dRzya, tIrthaMkara evaM AcArya Adi ke jJAna bhaMDAroM para eka dRSTipAta 73
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________________ jIvana prasaMga Adi kA citraNa hotA thA / isake liye bhI vastra ke veSTana tathA Dibbe banAe jAte the aura unameM jIva-jantu na par3e isaliye asagandha (saM. azvagandha) ke cUrNa kI vastrapoTTalikAe~ -- kapar3e kI poTaliyA~- rakhI jAtI thIM / 1 granthasaMgrahoM para caumAse meM namI aura uSNakAla meM garamI kA asara na ho tathA dImaka Adi pustakabhakSaka jantuoM kA upadrava na ho isaliye unake lAyaka sthAna hone caahie| aise atyanta surakSita, sugupta evaM AdarzarUpa mAnA jA sake aisA eka mAtra sthAna jaisalamera ke kile ke mandira meM bacA huA hai / isameM vahAM kA zrIjinabhadrasUri kA jJAna bhANDAra surakSita rUpa meM rakhA gayA hai| chaha sau varSoM se calA AtA yaha sthAna jainamandira meM Ae hue bhUmigRha-tahakhAne ke rUpa meM haiM / chaha sau varSa bIta jAne para bhI isameM dImaka Adi jIva-jantuoM kA tathA sardI- garamI kA kabhI bhI saMcAra nahIM huA hai / yaha to hamArI kalpanA meM bhI ekadama nahIM A sakatA ki usa jamAne ke kArIgaroM ne isa sthAna kI taha meM kisa taraha ke rAsAyanika padArtha DAle hoMge jisase yaha sthAna aura isameM rakhe gae grantha aba taka surakSita raha sake haiN| jJAnabhANDAroM ke makAna jisa taraha surakSita banAe jAte the usI taraha rAjakIya viplava ke yuga meM ye makAna sugupta bhI rakhe jAte the / jaisalamera ke kile kA uparyukta sthAna nirupadrava, surakSita evaM sugupta sthAna hai / isake bhItara ke tIsare tahakhAne meM jJAnabhaNDAra rakhA gayA hai aura usakA daravAjA itanA choTA hai ki koI bhI vyakti nIce jhukakara hI isameM praviSTa ho sakatA hai| isa daravAje ko banda karane ke liye sTIla kA Dhakkana banAyA gayA hai aura viplava ke prasaMga para isake mu~ha ko barAbara Dha~ka dene ke liye caurasa patthara bhI taiyAra rakhA hai jo isa samaya bhI vahA~ vidyamAna hai / isake bAda ke do daravAjoM ke liye bhI banda karane kI koI vyavasthA avazya rahI hogI parantu Aja usakA koI avazeSa hamAre sAmane nahIM hai / tahakhAne meM nIce utarane ke rAste ke mukha ke liye aisI vyavasthA kI gaI hai ki viplava ke avasara para use bhI bar3e bhArI pahAr3I patthara se isa taraha DhAMka diyA jAya jisase kisI ko kalpanA bhI na A sake ki isa sthAna meM koI cIja chipA rakhI hai| tahakhAne ke mu~ha ko Dha~kane kA uparyukta mahAkAya patthara isa samaya bhI vahA~ maujUda hai| jisa taraha jJAnasaMgrahoM ko surakSita rakhane ke lie makAna banAe jAte the usI taraha una bhANDAroM ko rakhaneke liye lakar3I yA patthara kI bar3I bar3I majUsA (saM. maMjUSA = peTI) yA alamAriyA~ banAne meM AtI thiiN| prAcIna jJAnabhANDAroM ke jo thor3e-bahuta sthAna Aja taka dekhane meM Ae haiM unameM adhikAMzata: majUsA hI dekhane meM AI hai / pustakeM nikAlane tathA rakhane kI zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha 74
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________________ suvidhA evaM unakI surakSitatA-alamAriyoM meM hone para bhI majUsA hI adhika dikhAI detI haiN| isakA kAraNa unakI majabUtI aura viplava ke samaya tathA dUsare cAhe jisa avasara para unake sthAnAntara saMcAraNa kI saralatA hI ho sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ina majUsoM ko pahie bhI lagAe jAte the| yaha bAta cAhe jaisI ho, parantu grantha-saMgraha kI surakSitatA aura lene-rakhane kI suvidhA to UrdhvamahAmaMjUSA arthAt alamArI meM hI hai / jaisalamera ke tahakhAne meM lakar3I evaM patthara kI majUsAe~ tathA patthara kI alamAriyA~ vidyamAna thIM parantu mere vahA~ jAne ke bAda ve saba vahA~ se haTA lie gae haiM, aura unake sthAna meM vahA~ para sTIla kI alamAriyA~ Adi banavAI gaI haiN| hama jaba jaisalamera gae taba vahA~ kA granthasaMgraha uparyukta majUsAoM meM rakhane ke badale patthara kI alamAriyoM meM rakhA jAtA thaa| bar3I mAravAr3a meM lakar3I kI apekSA patthara sulabha hone ke kAraNa hI unakI alamAriyA~ banAI jAtI thii| ata: inakI majabUtI Adi ke bAre meM kisI bhI prakAra ke vicAra ko avakAza hI nahIM hai| jaina zrIsaMgha kA lakSya jJAnabhANDAra basAne kI ora jaba kendrita huA taba usake sammukha unake rakSaNa kA prazna bhI upasthita huaa| isake prazna ke samAdhAna ke liye dUsare sAdhanoM kI taraha usane eka parva-divasa ko bhI adhika mahattva diyaa| yaha parva hai jJAnapaMcamI-kArtika zuklA paMcamI kA dina / samUce varSa kI sardI, garamI tathA namI jaisI RtuoM kI vividha asaroM meM se gujarI huI jJAnarAzi ko yadi ulaTa-pulaTa na kiyA jAya to vaha asamaya meM hI nAzAbhimukha ho jAya / ata: use bacAne ke liye usakI heraphera varSa meM eka bAra avazya karanI cAhie jisase unakI anekavidha vikRta asara dUra ho aura zAstra sadA Arogya-dazA meM rheN| parantu vizAla jJAnabhANDAroM ke ulaTa phera kA yaha kAma ekAdha vyakti ke liye duSkara aura thakAne vAlA na ho tathA aneka vyaktioM kA sahayoga anAyAsa hI mila sake isaliye isa dharma-parva kI yojanA kI gaI hai| Aja isa dhArmika parva ko jo mahattva diyA jAtA hai usake mUla meM pradhAna rUpa se to yahI uddeza thA, parantu mAnavasvabhAva ke svAbhAvika chichalepana tathA nirudyamIpana ke kAraNa isakA mUla uddeza vilupta ho gayA hai aura usakA sthAna bAharI dikhAve evaM sthUla kriyAoM ne le liyA hai| jJAna bhANDAroM meM upalabdha sAmagrI ye jJAnabhANDAra vividha dRSTi se samRddha aura mahattva ke haiN| inakI mukhya vizeSatA yaha hai ki inakA saMgraha yadyapi jainoM ne kiyA hai phira bhI ve mAtra jainazAstroM ke saMgraha taka hI maryAdita nahIM haiN| unameM jaina-jainetara athavA vaidika-bauddha-jaina, saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, gujarAtI, hindI, marAThI, phArasI Adi bhASAoM kA jaina-jainetara RSi-sthavira-AcAryoM ke race hue dharmazAstroM ke atirikta jJAna bhaMDAroM para eka dRSTipAta 75
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________________ vyAkaraNa, koza, chanda, alaMkAra, maMtra, taMtra, kalpa, nATya, nATaka, jyotiSa, lakSaNa, Ayurveda, darzana evaM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza Adi bhASA ke caritra-grantha, rAsa Adi vividha sAhitya vidyamAna hai| saMkSepa meM hameM yaha kahanA cAhie ki ina bhANDAroM kA saccA mahattva inakI vyApaka aura vizAla saMgrahadRSTi ke kAraNa hI hai| jisa taraha ina vizAla bhANDAroM meM vividha prakAra ke lekhana-saMzodhana-rakSaNa viSayaka sAdhana evaM saMgraha hai usI prakAra tAr3apatra, kAgaja aura kapar3e ke Upara kAlI, lAla, sunahalI, rupahalI Adi aneka prakAra kI syAhI se likhe hue aneka AkAra-prakAra ke atyanta sundara aura kalApUrNa sacitra-acitra patrAkAra, guTakAkAra kuMDalI-AkAra likhe hue grantha vidyamAna haiN| aneka prakAra ke sacitra-acitra vijJaptipatra, tIrthayAtrAdi ke citrapaTa, yaMtrapaTa vidyApaTa Adi kA vizAla saMgraha ina bhANDAroM meM hai / jainoM ne ina bhANDAroM ke saMgraha ke liye hArdika manoyoga ke sAtha hI sAtha apanI sampatti pAnI kI taraha bahAI hai| isI taraha inake saMrakSaNa ke liye bhI unhoMne sabhI saMbhava upAya kie haiN| isa prakAra jJAnabhANDAra, unameM upalabdha sAmagrI evaM grantharAzi tathA unakI vyavasthA Adi ke bAre meM hamane saMkSipta varNana yahAM para kiyaa| vizAla evaM vaividhyapUrNa ina grantharatnoM kA parIkSaka samyak upayoga kareM-yahI hamArI Antarika abhilASA hai| 76 zrI vijayAnaMda sUri svargArohaNa zatAbdI graMtha