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________________ gujarAta meM racita katipaya digambara jaina-grantha pandraha zatAbdiyoM se bhI adhika samaya se gujarAta aura rAjasthAna jaina dharma ke kendra rahe haiM / yahAM jainoM meM sabase adhika bastI zvetAmbaroM kI hai| samasta zvetAmbara Agama Izu kI pAMcavI zatAbdI meM saurASTra ke balabhIpura meM eka sAtha lipibaddha kiyA gayA thaa| AgamoM kI bahuterI TIkAeM' isI pradeza meM likhI gaI haiN| itanA hI nahIM lekina saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM prAcIna gujarAtI-rAjasthAnI ke lalita tathA zAstrIya vAGamaya ke sabhI prathoM ke nirUpaka jaina zvetAmbara sAhitya kA jitanA vikAsa gata prAyaH eka hajAra varSoM meM isa pradeza meM huaA utanA bhArata meM aura kahIM bhI nahIM huA hai| yadyapi Aja gujarAta meM digambara jainoM kI janasaMkhyA pramANa meM alpa hai, tathApi eka samaya meM unakI saMkhyA bahuta rahI hogii| abhI to unakI sAhitya pravRtti ke thor3e hI avazeSa bace hue haiM, itane prAcIna evaM virala haiM ki gujarAta ke samagra jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se ve ati mahattvapUrNa haiM / prAcArya jinasenakRta 'harivaMzapurANa' tathA prAcArya hariSeNakRta 'bRhatkathAkoza' ye do saMskRta graMtha digambara sAhitya kI prAcInatama upalabdha racanAoM meM se haiN| ye donoM kRtiyAM 'varSamAnapura' arthAt saurASTra meM pAye haye var3havANa meM likhI gaI haiM 'harivaMzapurANa' kI racanA zaka saM.705 (vi. saM.836 - I. san 783) meM haI aura 'vRhatkathAkoza' kI racanA vi. saM. 186 arthAta zaka saM. 853 (-I. san 631-32) meM-- jyotiSazAstra kI dRSTi se jaba khara nAmaka saMvatsara pravartamAna thA, taba huii| jinasena ne racanAvarSa zaka saMvata meM batAyA hai aura hariSeNa ne vikrama evaM zaka donoM meM / digambara sampradAya ke upalabdha kathAsAhitya meM kAlAnukrama kI dRSTi se 'harivaMzapurANa' tRtIya grantha hai, isa hakIkata se usake mahatva kA khayAla sahaja hI AegA; usase pUrva ke do grantha haiM prAcArya raviSeNa kA 'padmacarita' aura jaTA-siMhanaMdi kA 'varAMgacarita' / ina donoM kA ullekha 'harivaMzapurANa' ke pahale sarga meM hI kiyA gayA hai| 'harivaMzapurANa' bAraha hajAra zloka pramANa kA 66 sargoM meM vibhAjita vRhad grantha hai / bAisave tIrthaMkara neminAtha jisa vaMza meM utpanna haye the usa vaMza kA athit harivaMza kA vRttAnta isakA varNya viSaya hai| isa grantha ko prazasti meM jinasena ne kahA hai ki sauroM ke adhimaNDala arthAt saurASTra para jaba jayavaharAha nAmaka rAjA kA zAsana thA, taba kalyANa se jisakI vipula zrI vardhamAna hotI hai aise varSamAna-nagara meM pArvanAthamandirayukta nannarAjavasati meM isa grantha kI racanA hii| prazasti meM aura bhI kathana hai ki dostaTikA nAmaka sthAna meM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha ke mandira meM prajA ne isa grantha kA pUjana kiyaa| isa dostaTikA ke sthAna ke bAre meM abhI koI nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, phira bhI vaha bar3habAraNa kA samIpavartI hogA yaha to nizcita he I. san vaDhabANa ke rAjA jayavarAha ke bAre meM vizeSa mAhitI isa prazasti meM se prApta nahIM hotI hai / tathApi kannauja ke pratihAra rAjA mahIpAla kA zaka saM0 836 (I0 san 614) kA jo eka tAmrapatra saurASTra ke DAlA gAMva meM se milA hai usase jJAta hotA hai ki una dinoM vaDhabANa meM cApa vaMza ke rAjA
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________________ gujarAta meM racita katipaya digambara jaina grantha dharaNivarAha kA zAsana thA aura vaha pratihAroM kA sAmanta thaa| vaDhavANa ke rAjyakartAoM ke ina varAhAnta nAmoM se eka svAbhAvika anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki 'harivaMzapurANa' kI prazasti meM jisakA ullekha hai vaha rAjA jayavarAha uparyukta dharaNivarAha kA cAra-pAMca pIr3hI pUrva kA pUrvaja hogaa| yaha to spaSTa hai ki ye rAjavI cApa arthAt cAvaDA vaMza ke the| taduparAnta 'harivaMza' kAra jinasena ne apanI racanA giranAra para kii| siMhavAhanI zAsanadevI kA jo ullekha kiyA hai isase jJAta hotA hai ki Izu ke AThaveM zataka taka ke purAne kAla meM giranAra para neminAtha kI zAsanadevI ambikA kA mandira vidyamAna thA / hariSeNa ke 'bRhatkathAkoza' kI racanA isa 'harivaMzapurANa' se Der3ha zataka ke bAda huI / sAr3he bAraha hajAra zlokapramANa ke isa grantha meM vividha-viSayaka 157 jaina dharma-kathAeM dI gaI haiM / usake kartA ne apanA paricaya mauni bhaTTAraka ke ziSya ke rUpa meM diyA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki jaina mandiroM se saMkIrNa candra jaisI zubhra krAnti se yukta hamryoM se samara aura suvarNasamRddha janoM se vyApta vardhamAnapura meM isa kRti kI racanA kI gaI thii| una dinoM vahA~ indratulya vinAyakapAla nAmaka rAjA kA zAsana cala rahA thaa| yaha vinAyakapAla bhI kannauja ke gurjara-pratihAra vaMza kA hI rAjA thaa| vidvAnoM ke mata se vinAyakahAla, kSitipAla, herambapAla Adi nAma isa vaMza ke suprasiddha samrAT mahIpAla ke hI haiM (dakhiye-kanhaiyAlAla munzI: glorI iTa vojha gurjaradeza' grantha 3, pR0 105 tathA 105-6) / bRhatkathAkoza ke anta meM usake racanA samaya ke bAre meM kartA ne jo taphasIleM dI haiM unase yaha khayAla AtA hai ki jyautiSa kI gaNanA ke anusAra yaha grantha 5 vIM akTUbara, 631 se 13 vIM, mArca 132 ke daramyAna kisI samaya likhA gayA hai (dekhiye, 'bRhatkathAkoza' ko DaoN0 upAdhye kI prastAvanA, pR0 121), aura isameM rAjyakartA ke taura para vinAyakapAla kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| dUsarI prora, rAjA mahIpAla kA eka dAnapatra I0 saM0 631 kA prApta huA hai jisase pratIta hotA hai ki vinAyakapAla aura mahIpAla ye eka hI nRpati ke do nAma haiN| jinasena evaM hariSeNa donoM 'punnATa saMgha' ke sAdhu the| hariSeNa ne apane guru mauni bhaTTAraka ko 'punnATasaMghAmbarasaMnivAsI' kaha kara varNita kiye haiM aura jinasena ne svaguru kIttiSeNa ke gurubandhu amitasena ko 'pavitrapunnATagaNAgraNIrgaNI' ke rUpa meM Alikhita kiye haiM; arthAt punnATasaMgha digambara jaina sAdhuoM kA eka samudAya thA / punnATa deza ke nAMva se vaha punnATa kahalAyA / khuda hariSeNa ne hI do kathAoM meM jo nirdeza kiyA hai usake anusAra punnATa deza dakSiNApatha meM sthita thaa| anena saha saGgho'pi samasto guruvAkyata: / dakSiNApathadezasthapunnATaviSayaM yayau // (kathA 131, zloka 40) 1--vanarAja cAvaDA ne I0 sa0 746 meM aNahilavADa pATaNa basAyA / usake pUrva prAcIna gurjara deza meM cAvaDAmoM ke kama se kama tIna rAjya the---zrImAla meM, vaDhavANa meM aura paMca sara meN| I0sa0628 meM bhillamAla athavA zrImAla meM 'brAhmasphuTasiddhAnta' nAmaka jyotiSa ke grantha ke racayitA prAcArya brahmagapta kahate haiM ki cApavaMza ke tilakarUpa vyAghramukha rAjA jaba vahA~ rAjya karatA thA taba yaha grantha unhoMne likhA / vaDhavANa ke cApavaMza kA nirdeza Upara kiyA gayA hai| vanarAja kA pitA jayazikharI aura usake pUrvaja paMcAsara ke zAsaka the|
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________________ 118 DaoN0 bhogIlAla jayacanda bhAI mAMDesarA punnATa viSaye ramye dakSiNApathagocare / talATavIpurAbhikhyaM babhUva paramaM puram / (kathA 145, zloka 6) dakSiNApatha meM bhI punnATa karNATaka kA eka bhAga thaa| adyaparyanta isake bAre meM jo bahasa haI hai (dekhiye 'iMDiyana kalcara', grantha 3, pR. 303-1, para e0 bI0 sAleTora kA 'enzeyanTa kiMgaDama oNpha pUnnATa', nAmaka lekha tathA 'kAraNe abhinandana grantha' meM em0 jI0 pAI kA 'rUlarsa oNpha punnATa' nAmaka lekha), usake anusAra kAverI aura kapinI nadiyoM ke bIca kA pradeza-jisakA mukhya zahara kIttipura (athavA kiTTara) thAvahI prAcIna punnATa pradeza hai / yaha spaSTa hI hai ki 'punnATa saMgha' kA nAma isa pradeza ke nAma para se hI rakkhA gayA hai / karNATaka digambara jainoM kA kendrasthAna thA aura Aja bhI hai, lekina vahAM ke prAcIna sAhitya meM yA lekhoM meM kahIM bhI 'punnATa saMgha' kA ullekha nahIM milatA / kabhI kabhI kiTTara saMgha' kA ullekha prApta hotA hai jisakA nAma punnATa pradeza ke pATanagara kiTTara para se rakkhA gayA hai aura isI se zAyada 'punnATa saMgha' vivakSita ho sakatA hai| kintu yaha to nizcita hai ki vikrama ke navaveM zataka ke pUrva hI karNATaka-antargata punnATa kA eka digambara sAdhu samudAya saurASTra meM Akara vizeSataH vaDhavANa ke najadIka ke pradeza meM sthira huyA thA aura apane mUlasthAna ke nAma se 'punnATa saMgha' nAma se prakhyAta hayA thA / 'bRhatkathAkoza' kI aneka kathAnoM meM dakSiNApatha ke nagaroM kA jo ullekha milatA hai vaha bhI isa dRSTi se dhyAna dene yogya hai| madhyakAlIna gujarAta kA jaina sAhitya-vizeSataH prabandha sAhitya yaha spaSTatayA dikhalAtA hai ki usa samaya meM gujarAta meM isake alAvA dUsare bhI digambara sAdhU-samudAya the tathA digambara aura zvetAmbaroM ke bIca aneka viSayoM meM tIvra spardhA pravartamAna thI / rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha (I. sa. 1094-1143) ke darabAra meM zvetAmbara prAcArya vAdI devasUrI aura digambara AcArya kumudacandra ke bIca jo prasiddha vivAda hayA jisa Akhira kumundacandra kI parAjaya huI usakA nirUpaNa yazazcandraracita samakAlIna saMskRta nATaka 'mUdritakUmadacandraprakaraNa' meM kiyA gayA hai tathA isa ghaTanA kA citraNa prAcArya jinavijayajI ke dvArA prakAzita canda samakAlIna citroM meM bhI milatA hai| karNATakavinirgata digambara sAdhu samudAya saurASTra meM sthita huaA yaha hakIkata gujarAta evaM karNATaka ke sAMskArika samparka kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| yaha samagra viSaya eka alaga adhyayana kA pAtra hai| yaha to aba nizcita huA hai ki una dinoM vaDhavANa pazcima bhArata ke digambara jaina sampradAya kA eka mahAkendra thA / digambara sAhitya ke do sabase prasiddha prAcIna grantha kramAnusAra ThIka AThavIM aura dazavIM zatAbdI meM vaDhavANa meM hI likhe gaye, tathA isI nagara meM racita zvetAmbara sAhitya ke prathama upalabdha grantha jAliharagaccha ke prAcArya devasUrikRta prAkRta 'padmaprabhacarita' kA racanAvarSa saM0 1254 (i. sa. 1198) hai| gujarAta kI bhUmi meM hI hae, isake bAda ke samaya ke, do digambara kaviyoM ke bAre meM aba maiM kucha kahU~gA / ye do kavi haiM jasakitti yA yazaHkItti aura amarakIti, jina donoM kI kRtiyA~ apabhraMza bhASA meM likhI huI milI haiN| yazaHkIti kI do apabhraza racanAeM vidita huI haiN| inameM se eka 'pANDavapurANa' hai, jisameM jaina mahAbhArata kI kathA apabhraMza padya meM dI gaI hai| yaha kRti vi0 saM0 1176 (I. sa. 1123) meM vilhasuta
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________________ gujarAta meM racita katipaya digambara jaina grantha 116 hemarAja nAmaka zrAvaka kI vinatI se navagAMvapura meM likhI gaI / " isa navagAMvapura kA sthAna nizcitarUpa se sthApita kiyA nahIM jA sktaa| yazaHkIrti guNakIti ke ziSya the / tIrthaMkara candraprabha kI jIvanI kA prAlekhana karane vAlI unakI dUsarI apabhraMza kRti haiM cadappahacariu / isakI saM0 1571 meM likhI huI 150 patra kI eka pANDulipi mere mitra paM0 amRtalAla mohanalAla ne mujhe dI thI / 'caMdappahacariu' meM racanAvarSa nahIM diyA hai, tathApi usako 'pANDavapurANa' ke racanAkAla ke grarase meM rakha diyA jA sakatA hai, 'caMdappahacariu' kA gandhAgra 2308 zlokoM kA hai / usameM karttA ne jo ullekha kiyA hai usake anusAra huMbaDa jAti ke kumArasiMha ke putra siddhapAla kI vinatI me gurjara deza meM ummatta gA~va meM usakI racanA huI / ummatta gAMva uttaragujarAta meM sthita vaDanagara ke samIpa kA umatA gAMva hogaa| 'pANDavapurANa' kI racanA jisa sthAna meM huI usa navagAMvapura kA bhI gujarAta meM honA asambhava nahIM hai, tathApi isake liye spaSTa pramANa nahIM milA hai / mere pAsa kI pANDulipi meM se 'caMdappahacariu' ke prAdi-anta meM se aitihAsika dRSTyA mahatvapUrNa bhAga yahAM rakhatA huuN| zrAdi 'huMvaDakula nahayali pupphayaMta bahudeu kumarasiMha vi mahata / taha suu rigammala gurarAgaraNa visAlu suprasiddha pabhaNai siddhapAlu | jasakitti vivaha kari tuhuM pasAu maha pUrai pAikantrabhAu / taM NimuNivi so bhAsei maMdu paMgalu tor3esai kema caMdu / ' anta gujjaradeha ummattagAmu tarhi chaDDAsura huu doNA / siddhau taho gaMdara bhavvabandhu jiraNadhamma bhAri jaM diSNu khadhu / tasu suThThi bahudeu bhannu jiM dhammakajji viva kaliu dabbu / taho lahu jAyau sirikumarasiMha kalikAlakaridahu haNaNasiMha / tasu su saMjAya siddhapAlu jiragapujjadAraNaguNagaNarasAlu / to uvaroheM iha kiyau gaMthu hauNa muraNami kiMpi vi satyagaM / dhattA | jA caMdadivAyara savva vi sAyara jA kulapavvaya bhUvalau / tA hu payaTTara hiyaI cahuTTai ( u ) sarasaidevihiM muhanilau / siricaMda pahacarie mahAkaijasakittiviraie mahAbhavvasiddhapAla savaraNabhUsaraNa siricaMdapyaha sAmiNivvANagaNaraNAma eyArahamo saMdhI samatto // ' isa pANDulipi kA hastalekha saurASTra ke pUrvataTa para ke aitihAsika nagara ghodhA meM huA thA / usakI puSpikA isa taraha hai: 1. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, 'prazastisaMgraha', jayapura 1650, prastAvanA, pR0 15 / hastaprataviSayaka TippaNa ke lie dekhiye pR0 122-27.
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________________ 120 DaoN0 bhogIlAla jayacanda bhAI sAMDesarA 'saM01571 varSe prASADha vadi 12 budhe adyai dhoghAdge zrIcaMdraprabhacaityAlaye zrImUlasaMdhe sarasvatIgacche balAtkAragaNe zrI kUdadAcAryAnvaye bhadrAraka zrIpadmanaMdidevAstatpa bha0 devendrakItidevAstatpa bha0 zrIvidyAnadidevAstatpa? bha. zrImallibhUSaNadevAstatpaTTAlaMkAra gacchanAyaka jinAjJApratipAlaka chatrIsaguNavirAjamAna baitAlIsadoSanivAraka audAryasthairyagAmbhoryAdiguNavirAjamAna bhaTTAraka zrIlakSmIcaMdadevopadezAt haMbaDajJAtIya ekAdazapratimAdhAraka dvAdazavidhatapazcaraNanirata tripaMcAsa... ..............' (pANDulipi kA antima patra lApatA hone se puSpikA ko AkhirI canda paMktiyAM nahIM miltii|) - isake bAda kA grantha hai amarakIttikRta 'chakammUvaeso' athavA 'SaTakarmopadeza' / yaha zrAvakoM ke dharma kA Alekhana karanevAlA apabhraMza kAvya hai / isakI racanA mahItaTa pradeza ke godraha (paMcamahAla jile ke godharA) meM saM0 1274 (I0 sa0 1216) meM huI hai| 2500 paMktiyoM ke isa grantha kA saM. 1544 meM likhA huA hastalekha apabhraMza aura prAcIna gujarAtI ke suprasiddha vidvAn sva0 pro0 kezavalAla harSadarAya dhruva ne sarvaprathama prApta kiyA thaa| tatpazcAt pro0 madhusudana modI ne usakA sampAdana kiyA aura gAyakavAisa aoriyenTala sako prasiddha karane kA Ayojana ho gayA hai| 'chakammuvaeso' ke kartA amarakItti digambara sampradAya ke mAthura saMgha ke candra tti ke ziSya the| nAgara kUla ke guNapAla evaM cacciNI ke putra ambAprasAda kI prArthanA se isa kAvya kI racanA huI / kartA ke apane hI kathana ke anusAra ambAprasAda unakA choTA bhAI thaa| isase vidita hotA hai ki amarakItti pUrvAzrama meM nAgara brAhmaNa the aura bAda meM unhoMne digambara sAdhu kI dIkSA lI thii| unakA yaha bhI vidhAna hai ki 'chakammuvaeso' kI racanA ke samaya godraha meM caulukya vaza ke karNarAjA kA zAsana pravarttamAna thaa| godraha ke caulukya rAjAoM kI zAkhA aNahilavADa pATaNa ke caulukya rAjavaMza se bhinna hai, aura amarakItti ne jisakA ullekha kiyA hai vaha karNa usase karIba savA sau varSa pUrva ke gujarAta ke caulukya napati karNadeva (siddharAja jayasiMha ke pitA karNa solaMkI) se bhinna hai| 'chakammUvaeso' kI prazasti meM amarakIrti ne apane anya sAta granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai: 'neminAthacaritra', 'mahAvIracaritra', 'yazodharacaritra', 'dharmacaritra TippaNa', 'subhASitaratnanidhi', 'cUDAmaNI' aura 'dhyAno desh'| taduparAnta vaha kahatA hai ki logoM ke AnandadAyaka bahatere saMskRta-prAkRta kAvya bhI usane likhe the| parantu inameM se eka kRti abhI milatI nahIM hai| pramANa meM prAcIna kAla meM gujarAta meM racita digambara sAhitya kI ye upalabdha racanAeM haiN| yadi aisI anya kRtiyoM kI bhI khoja kI jAya to gujarAta ke digambara sampradAya ke itihAsa para evaM taddvArA gujarAta ke sAMskRtika itihAsa para ThIka-ThIka prakAza DAlA jA skegaa| 1. 'chakammuvaeso' ke Adi-anta ke avataraNa ke lie dekhiye mohanalAla dalicanda desAI, jaina gurjara kavioM', bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pR0 76-78%, kezavarAma zAstrI, 'pApaNA kaviyoM, pR. 204-51 / 2. prAcIna gujarAtI meM bhI thor3A kucha digambara sAhitya milatA hai| zrI mohanalAla desAI ne ('jaina gurjara kavinoM', bhAga 1. pR0 53-55) mUlasaMgha ke bhuvanakItti ke ziSya brahmajinadAsakRta 'harivaMzarAsa' (saM0 1520), 'yazodhara rAsa', 'AdinAtha rAsa' aura 'zreNika rAsa' kA ullekha kiyA hai / digambarakavi racita pAMca ajJAta phAgu-kAvyoM kA paricaya zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne diyA hai ('svAdhyAya' traimAsika, pu0 1, aMka 4), jinameM se ratnakIti kA 'neminAtha phAga' gujarAta ke bhar3auca ke najadIka ke gAMva hAMsoTa meM racA hA hai| gujarAta meM racita digambara sAhitya ke uparAnta gujarAta meM jinakI pratilipi kI gaI ho aise digambara granthoM ke lekhana-sthAna evaM lekhanavarSa kA adhyayana yadi pANDulipiyoM kI mudrita sUciyAM Adi ke AdhAra para kiyA jAya, to bhI gujarAta ke digambara sampradAya ke prasAra ke bAre meM sthalakAladRSTyA bahuta kucha jJAna prApta ho sakatA hai|