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________________ gujarAtI bhASAnI utkrAMtine dastAvejI Alekha jayaMta koThArI muMbaI yunivarsiTInA I. sa. 1938-39nAM Thakkara visanajI mAdhavajI vyAkhyAne paMDita becaradAsa dezIe "gujarAtI bhASAnI utkrAnti " e viSaya para 1940mAM ApyAM ane e vyAkhyAne pustaka rUpe 1943mAM prasiddha thayAM.' A vyAkhyAno enI paddhati ane enAM keTalAMka pratipAdanane kAraNe nedhapAtra bane che. kula pAMca vyAkhyAmAMthI, mukhya viSayanA "Amukha' tarIke yojAyeluM paheluM vyAkhyAna 218 pAnAM sudhI vistare che ane gujarAtI bhASAnI pUrva paraMparAne vIgate paricaya ApavA take che. bAkInAM cAra vyAkhyAmAM anukrame 12mA-13mA, 14mA-15mA, 16mA-17mA ane 18mAM saikAnI gujarAtI bhASAnA svarUpanuM vizleSaNa 446 pAnAMmAM raju thayuM che. pahelA vyAkhyAnamAM sau prathama zabdasvarUpa, dhvanio, bhASAsavarUpa, bhASAbheda vagere viSayenuM prAcIna matAnusArI nirUpaNa thayuM che. prAcIna paraMparAnA dehana tarIke e avazya upayogI che paNa Adhunika bhASAvijJAne A viSayomAM je keTalIka mULagAmI vicAra karI che enAthI sAva askRSTa rahIne thayeluM nirUpaNa Aje ekAMgI lAge ane e daSTie thayelA bhASAvizleSaNane keTalIka gaMbhIra maryAdAo naDe emAM navAI nathI. A pachI paMDitajIe vaidika, laukika saMsakRta, prAkRta, prAtabhede, apabhraMza - A badhAMnuM svarU5 phaTa karyuM che ane emanA parasparanA saMbaMdha aMge keTaloka uhApoha karyo che. emAM emanI eka mahattavanI sthApanA te vaidika sAthe prAkRtane gADha saMbaMdha hovA vizenI che, je emaNe khUba vigate cacI che. saMskRta (eTale laukika saMskRta)ne e nAnI bahena ane prAkRtane moTI bahena gaNAve che ane saMskRta para paDelA prAkRtanA prabhAvanuM varNana kare che. ethI ja e taddabhava' ane "saMskRtani' e zabdonuM anaucitya paNa darzAve che. paMDitajI, alabatta, prAkRta bhASAmAMthI saMskRta AvI che evA rAjazekharane matano paNa virodha kare che. saMskRta ane prAkRtane baheno gaNAvanAra A mata paNa na svIkArI zake e svAbhAvika che. paMDitajInuM A bhASAdazana atyaMta spaSTa che ane bhArapUrvaka mukAyeluM che paNa e sAdhAra che ane ekAMgI thaI javAnA jokhamamAMthI UgarI gayeluM che. paMDitajIe prAkRta bhASAnA abhyAsane Agraha vyakta karyo che te bhAratIya-Arya bhASAnA vikAsamAM prAkRtanuM je mahAvabharyuM sthAna emaNe darzAvyuM che te jotAM pUrepUro ucita lAge che. paMDitajIe apabhraMzane saMbaMdha paNa Adima prAkRta sAthe joDo che tathA saMskRta ane prAkRtanI sAthe apabhraMzane paNa trIjI bahena gaNAvI che. prAkRtanI jema apabhraMzanA mULane cheka prAcInakALamAM laI javAnuM keTaluMka ucita gaNAya e prazna che, paNa e dvArA lokabhASAnuM sAtatya to sacavAya che. paMDitajI "apabhraMza' zabdanA sAmAnya artha ane vizeSa arthane bheda kare che tathA prAdezika apabhraMze hevAnuM svIkAre che paNa emanI vacce najIvo pharaka hovAnuM jaNAve che. 1. "gujarAtI bhASAnI utkAnti' (bAramA saikAthI aDhAramA saikA sudhI), adhyApaka becaradAsa jIvarAja dozI muMbaI yunivarsiTI, 1943.
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________________ para jayaMta kAhArI apabhraMzane gujarAtInI mAtA, vyApaka prAkRta ne meATI mAsI ne saMskRtane nAnI mAsI tathA vaidika yuganA Adima prAkRtane mAtAmahI gaNAvI paDitajI gujarAtImAM e mAtAmahIne vArasA paNu zodhI matAve che. AmAM ghaNe sthAne AkasmikatAne Azraya levAI gayA haiAya evuM jaNAya che. - paMDitajInI eka atyaMta vilakSaNa ne vivAdAspada sthApanA te gujarAtI bhASAnA AraMbha vizenI che, e hemacaMdranA apabhraMzamAM UgatI gujarAtInI prakriyA jovA AgaLa aTakatA nathI, hemacaMdrane gujarAtInA pANini ane sAhityika gujarAtInA vAlmIki - Adya kavi kahevA sudhI paheAMce che ane pachIthI 12mA saikAnI gujarAtI bhASAnA abhyAsamAM abhayadeva, vAdidevasUri, hemacaMdra vagerenI kRtione samAvI le che. DaoN. harivallabha bhAcANI darzAve che. tema saMyukta cMjananA RjubhAvanA bhedaka lakSaNane avagaNI ukta apabhraMza kRtione gujarAtI karAvI devAI che, te uparAMta paMDitajI peAtAnI kAI tArkika ke sthira bhUmikA UbhI karI zakavA nathI. abhayadevasUrinA sTeAtra vize te kahe che ke "racanAra gujarAtI, racavAnuM sthaLa gujarAtanuM eka gAma e jotAM stAtranI bhASA paNa sApekSa rIte gujarAtI kahevAya." jANe bhASAkIya lAkSaNikatA aprastuta hAya! ukta kRtinAM je vyAkaraNagata lakSaNA pa`DitajIe tAravyAM che e bahudhA apabhraMzanAM ja che ane patijI pote emAM hemacaMdre je ( UgatI gujarAtInuM ! ) vyAkaraNa lakhyuM che tenA niyamAthI, sAdhAraNa uccArabheda sivAya kAI bheda jotA nathI. 13mA saikAnA 6 ja"bUcariya'nI bhASAne UgatI gujarAtI kahevA karatAM kumAra gujarAtI kahevI joIe. ema paDitajI vAMdhe che. ene atha eTale ja ke emAM apabhrazAttara bhUmikAnI bhASA jovA maLe che. upasa'hAra'mAM paMDitajInAM vAkayo vadhAre dyotaka che: " bAramA saikAnI gujarAtI bhASAnA zabdadeha prAkRtanI jevA che." " teramA saikAnI bhASAmAM prAkRtapaNuM ochuM dekhAya che." paMDitajIe A vidhAne saMgata rahIne ja peAtAnAM vyAkhyAnAmAM bhASAvikAsanuM citra AlekhyuM heta tA ? khIjAthI pAMcamA vyAkhyAnamAM paDitajIe 12mAthI 18mA saikA sudhInu' gujarAtI bhASAnA vikAsanuM je citra ApyuM che te enI paddhatinI dRSTie khUba dhyAnapAtra che, emaNe dareka saikAnI namUnArUpa keTalIka kRtio ke kRti-azeA lIdhA che ane emAMthI bhASAsAmagrI laI peAtAnuM vizleSa prastuta karyuM che - zabdabhaMDALa mAMdhyu che, vyAkaraNI rUpone paricaya karAvyA che ane keTalIka vyutpatticarcA paNa karI che. bhASAvikAsanA A jAtaneA prayAgamUlaka abhyAsa haju sudhI ApaNe tyAM virala che, e rIte enu' viziSTa mUlya che. badhAM vyAkhyAnAmAM pa'DitajI aneka zabda ane zabdadhakAnAM mULa darzAvatA rahyA che. paMDitajIe pote eka vakhata akSarasAmyathI deravAvA sAme cetavaNI ApI che (pR. 251 ) chatAM te emAMthI sAva khacI zakayA che evu' nathI. dhvanizAstranA sthApita thaI cUkelA sAmAnya niyamA ane gujarAtI bhASAnI vyutpattinA viSayamAM emanI pUrve` thayelA kAmanA paMDitajIe sAmAnya rIte lAbha lIdheleA jaNAtA nathI, tethI vyutpattine nAme zabdonI samAntaratAe teAMdhavA jevu ja bahudhA thayu che. ghaNe ThekANe teA paDitajI pe|te aTakaLanI bhUmikAe che e emaNe sUcavelI vaikalpika 2, vAcyApAra, 1954, pR. 379,
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________________ R gujarAtI bhASAnI utkrAMtine dastAvejI Alekha vyutpattio parathI samajAya che. e pote cokkasa vyutpatti Ape che ke amuka vyutpatti tarapha pakSapAta batAve che tyAre ene mATe svanizAstranA svIkRta niyamone ke vyAkaraNI hakIkatone bhAgye ja AdhAra hoya che. thoDA udAharaNa jevAthI A vAtanI pratIti thaze: karavAnunI vyutpatti paMDitajI "tavyatIya' ane 'taNane AdhAre sUcave che ane pahelI yutine saMgata gaNe che paNa karavAnuM' e "karavuMnuM --' pratyaya lAgIne thayeluM vistaraNa che e tarapha emanuM lakSa gayuM nathI. | gujarAtIne bhAvavAcaka "AI pratyaya vaidika "tAtimAMthI ane gujarAtIne parimANavAcaka " ("rUpiyAne pagAra' vageremAM) vaidika "Ina' mAMthI havAne taka paMDitajI kare che, je svIkAravA mATe bhAgye ja kazA AdhAra che. gujarAtInA -na-" pratyayanI vyApakatA paMDitajIe barAbara vicAra hota te ene "Ina mAMthI ghaTAvavAno vicAra e na ja karata. gujarAtImAM vaidikano vArasa batAvavAne utsAha emane AvI keTalIka vyutpattio tarapha kheMcI gaya lAge che. nAtaruM' nI vyutpatti jJAti uparathI sUcavI pAdaTIpamAM paMDitajI enI "jJAtyantarama' sAthenI samAnatA nideze che ane pAchA "jJAti-itarane saMbhava paNa seMdhe che! paMDitajI pAse sArvatrika dhvaniniyamonI bhUmikA hota to e sahelAIthI sIdhA "jJAtyantarama' para ja sthira thaI zakayA heta. gamAra' zabda phArasI gumarAha"nuM rUpAMtara lAge che ema kahyA pachI paMDitajI hemacandra naMdhelA "guma dhAtu ane grAmyAcAra' parathI paNa enI vyutpatti sUcave che vAre vAre pragaTa thatI A jAtanI anirNayAtmakatA bhASAvikAsanA dhorI mArgone prakAzita karavAnuM kAma bhAgye ja karI zake. chatAM vyutpatti nimitte judI judI bhUmikAnI ghaNI bhASAsAmagrInuM ahIM saMnidhAna thayuM che. bhASAsaMzodhako ene kAcI sAmagrI tarIke jarUra upayogamAM laI zake. paMDitajIe ghaNuM abhyAsapUrvaka A vyAkhyAno taiyAra karyA che ane potAnI sarva jANakArI kAme lagADI che. emanA nirUpaNamAM ghaNI vizadatA ane sadyogamyatA che, vaidikathI mAMDI gujarAtI sudhInI pracura bhASAsAmagrI emaNe kAmamAM lIdhI cha ane prayogamUlaka abhyAsanI eka vaijJAnika paddhatine emaNe Azraya lIdho che. Ama chatAM viSaya para joIe te prakAza paDato na lAgato heya te enAM keTalAka kAraNa che. emaNe, De. bhAyANIe kahyuM che, tema Adhunika maulika pUrvakAryathI lagabhaga nirapekSa rahIne viSayanuM nirUpaNa karyuM che, pite jemane AdhAra lIdhe che te thAka, nirakta, hemacandrAdinI sAmagrIne cakAsavAne prayatna karyo nathI tathA mAhitI nAMdhavAne ane samAntaratAo nirdezavAne zrama lIdho che eTale niyama ke valaNe tAravavAne lIdho nathI. ethI ja upasaMhAranA prakaraNamAM theDA vyApaka prakAranAM tAraNe uparAMta kaMI nakkara e ApI zakayA nathI. Ama chatAM paMDitajIe gujarAtI bhASAnA vikAsanA abhyAsanI eka dizA kholI ApI che. je haja jhAjhI kheDAyelI nathI. paMDitajInuM A pradAna noMdhapAtra gaNaze.