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________________ gujarAta se prApta kucha mahattvapUrNa jaina pratimAyeM pramoda kumAra trivedI 1977 meM lagabhaga eka darjana dhAtu nirmita kalAkRtiyA~ bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa, pazcimI maNDala, baDodarA ke adhIkSaka, purAtattvajJa DaoN0 ce0 mArgabandhu dvArA adhikRta kI gayI thiiN| unhoMne lekhaka ko ukta kRtiyA~ parIkSaNa evaM adhyayana hetu pradAna kI tathA prastuta lekha taiyAra karane kA parAmarza diyaa| yadyapi ina kRtiyoM kA mUla sthAna nizcita rUpa se jJAta nahIM hai, kintu zailIgata viziSTatAoM ke AdhAra para vivecanAdhIna pratimAyeM gujarAta meM nirmita pratIta hotI haiN| uparokta samUha meM utkIrNa evaM alikhita zvetAmbara evaM digambara sampradAya kI pratimAyeM, caumukhI, dIpa-lakSmI, gajArohI, garur3a evaM rASTrakUTa zailI kI chApayukta kintu paryApta arvAcIna kamala-dhAriNI kA eka namanA bhI sammalita hai| tithi kI dRSTi se inakA kAla bArahavIM se unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke madhya kA hai / prastuta lekha meM mAtra utkIrNa evaM cunI huI kRtiyoM kA hI vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. mahAvIra kA caturvizatipaTTa (kaoNsya, 17.05 se0 mI0 x 10.05 se0 mI0) bhagavAn mahAvIra dhyAnamagna, padmAsana mudrA meM eka ucca triratha, siMhAsana para rakhI sAdI pIThikA para Asanna haiN| mUla-nAyaka ke sira para uSNIza hai, ceharA aNDAkAra, netra AyatAkAra evaM 'pralamba karNa pAza' haiN| vakSaH sthala para 'zrIvatsa' lAMchana rajata urekita hai| sira ke pIche bhAmaNDala tathA Upara kalazamaya chatra hai| unake pArzva meM donoM ora eka tIrthaMkara kAyotsarga mudrA meM aMkita haiM, jinake pairoM ke madhya vastroM kA aMkana vivecanAdhIna kRti ke zvetAmbara sampradAya se sambandhita hone kI puSTi karatA hai| mANikya-mAla kI ikaharI sImAnta rekhA ke zIrSastha bhAga para mayUra-yugma se yukta maMgala-kalaza hai, jisake ThIka nIce chatrAcchAdita evaM kAyotsarga mudrA meM pArzva tIrthaMkaroM se yukta eka anya tIrthaMkara dhyAna-mudrA meM nirUpita haiN| mUla-nAyaka sahita sampUrNa parikara para aMkita tIrthaMkaroM kI saMkhyA kula caubIsa hai| siMhAsana ke sammukha saMbhavatayA do mRgoM ke madhya eka dharmacakra evaM navagrahoM kA gar3hana pratIka rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / (citra 1-ka) pratimA ke pRSTha bhAga para aMkita lekha ke anusAra isakI pratiSThApanA san 1150 meM huI thii| devanAgarI lipi meM utkIrNa lekha ke anusAra pratimA kA pratiSThApana kArya zAntiprabha-sUri dvArA saMvat 1207 (I0 1150) meM vaizAkha sudi paMcamI, zukravAra ke dina zreSTi vaDhapAla, zreSThi jamadeva evaM putra sAladeva ke bhAI praNasiMha ke kalyANArtha kI gayI thI / (citra 1-kha) utkIrNa lekha isa prakAra hai saMvat 1207 varSe mAgha sudi 5 zukre zre0 vaDhapAla zre0 (?) jamadevAbhyA zreyArthe putra sAla devena bhAtR pranasiMha sametena caturviMzatipaTTakAritaH pratiSThita bahadahachIyaiH zrIzAntiprabhasUribhiH /
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________________ gujarAta se prApta kucha mahattvapUrNa jaina pratimAyeM 2. pArzvanAtha ko paMcatIthikA pratimA (kAMsya, 10.05 se0 mI0 49 se0 mI0) zvetAmbara paMtha kI isa kalAkRti meM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha dhyAna mudrA meM padmAsana lagAye eka sAdI gaddI para AsIna haiN| unake kAna lambe tathA adharoM kA gar3hAva kucha moTAI liye hai| isa 'saphaNa mUrti' meM mUlanAyaka kA sira sapta sarpaphaNoM dvArA AcchAdita hai| unake donoM pAzvoM meM cAra anya jina aMkita haiM, jinameM se do kAyotsarga mudrA meM tathA uparibhAga meM zeSa do tIrthaMkara kamalAsana meM baiThe haiN| ina cAra tIrthaMkaroM kI zirobhUSA mUla-nAyaka ke sadRzya hai| pITha do urdhva bhittistambhoM para Azrita kSaitija daNDa yugmoM dvArA nirmita hai| pRSThAMkita Alekha ke anusAra yaha paMcatIthikA pratimA I0 1446 (vi0 saM0 1503) meM pratiSThApita kI gayI thI, tathApi utkIrNa pITha ke UparI bhAga bhagna hone ke kAraNa lekha kI pUrNarUpeNa jAnakArI prApta nahIM ho sakI hai| (citra 2-ka, kha) 3- zAntinAtha kI paMcatIthikA pratimA (kaoNsya, 17.02 se0 mI04 11.05 se0 mI0) dhAtu-pratimA kI pIThikA ke sammukha bhAga meM OM namaH evaM pAda cihna aMkita haiM / zAntinAtha jI dhyAnamagna padmAsana mudrA meM eka siMhAsana para Asanna haiN| sira ke pIche prabhAvalI tathA Upara kalazayukta chatra hai jisake pArzva meM abhiSeka gajoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| mUla-nAyaka kA sira uSNIza yukta hai tathA unake netra samacaturbhajIya AkAra meM pradarzita haiN| mUla-nAyaka ke pArzva meM cAra anya tIrthaMkaroM kA aMkana hai| adhobhAga meM kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3e jinoM ke sAtha eka ca~varadhArI sevaka bhI tribhaMga-mudrA meM khar3A hai| parikara para aMkita padmabandha kA bAhya bhAga gajamukhoM se AvirbhUta mauktika zRGkhalA dvArA susajjita hai| kalAkRti ke zIrSastha bhAga para maMgala kalaza ke sAtha mayUrayugma pradarzita hai| siMhAsana para vAmAbhimukha siMhayugma bArIkI se gar3hA gayA hai| siMhAsana ke bAyIM ora solahaveM tIrthaMkara ke yakSa garur3a evaM dAhinI ora yakSI nirvANI kA mUrtana kiyA gayA hai| ucca alaMkRta pIThikA para namaskAra mudrA meM eka upAsaka tathA madhya meM dharmacakra ke donoM ora eka mRga hai| cakra ke donoM ora nau binduAkAra, moTI evaM laghu AkRtiyA~ (pA~ca bAMyI ora tathA cAra dAhinI ora) spaSTatayA navagrahoM ko pratIka haiN| (citra 3--ka) isa kalAkRti kI tithi I0 1468 hai| pratimA ke pRSThabhAga para devanAgarI lipi meM utkIrNa lekha isa prakAra hai saM0 (saMvat) 1525 vai0 (vaizAkha) su0 zru0 3 gurau zrI mUlasaMdhe sarasvatIgacche bha0 (bhaTTAraka) zrI sakalakIrtittpa? bha0 (bhaTTAraka) zrI vimalendrakItibhiH zrI zAntinAtha bimbaM pratiSThita hU~bar3a jJAtIya ma0 (mahama mahattara) karamasI (ha) bhA0 (bhAryA) karamAde (vI) su0 (sutA) jainAlade(vI) sa0 rAMkA / (citra 3-kha) __ Alekha se vidita hotA hai ki ukta jaina pratimA kI pratiSThApanA yazasvI vyakti karamasI (karamasiMha), patnI karamadevI evaM putrI jainadevI dvArA I0 1468 (samvat 1525), vaizAkha sudi 3 guruvAra ke dina kI gayI thii| pratiSThApana samAroha, digambara sampradAya (hU~bar3a jAti digambara matAvalambiyoM meM hotI hai) ke mUla saMgha ke sarasvatIgacchIya bhaTTAraka sakalakotti ke uttarAdhikArI vimalendrakItti dvArA kiyA gayA thA /
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________________ 176 pramoda kumAra trivedI 4. padmAvatI (kA~sya, 19 se0 mI0 x 19.05 se0mI0) teisaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI zAsanadevI padmAvatI kamala dala cakra ke dohare Avartto dvArA nirmitta pITha para lalitAsana mudrA meM AsIna haiM / samakAlIna anya pratimAoM kI bhA~ti isake netroM, nAsikA tathA adharoM kA gar3hana vizeSa pariSkRta nahIM hai / vaha padma kuNDala, valaya, stanoM ke madhya laTakatA hAra evaM pairoM meM sAde pAdavalaya dhAraNa kiye haiN| ghuTanoM taka lambA adhovastra udara-baMdha dvArA kasA hai| isa caturbhujIya pratimA kA dAhinA nicalA hAtha varada mudrA meM hai tathA UparI dAhinA hAtha pAza dhAraNa kiye hai| nicale bAyeM hAtha meM bIjapUraka tathA UparI bAyeM hAtha meM gadA ke sadRzya anagar3ha sanAla kamala haiN| unakA sira tIna sarpa-phaNoM dvArA surakSita hai / mukhya pratimA ke Upari bhAga meM puSpAMkita gaddI para teisaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha dhyAnamagna kamalAsana mudrA meM AsIna haiN| unakA sira sapta phaNoM dvArA AcchAdita hai / prabhAvalI ke atirikta isa parikara yukta mUrti ke donoM ora eka-eka gaja mukha hai, jisake mukha se AvirbhUta mANikya zRGkhalA zIrSa bhAga para maMgala kalaza meM samApta hotI hai / (citra 4 - ka) kRti ke pRSTha bhAga para aMkita tithiyukta lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki pratimA kI sthApanA I0 1636 ( saMvat 1693) meM mAgha mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa ke prathama dina satinAga kI patiparAyaNA patnI (nAma apaThanIya) dvArA kI gayI thI / pratiSThApana samAroha kundakundAcArya vaMza paramparA ke bhaTTAraka dharmakIti dvArA sampanna kiyA gayA, jo ki digambara jaina sampradAya ke mUlasaMgha balAtkAra gaNa se sambaddha sarasvatIgaccha ke the / devanAgarI meM lekha nimnAMkita hai saMvat 1693 varSe mAgha mAse kRSNa pakSe pratipadAyAM zrI mUlasaMghe sarasvatI gacche balAtkAra (gaNe) kundakundAcAryAnvaye bhaTTAraka dharmakIrti gurutpaTTe bhaTTAraka prakIrti (tama) satinAga putra yo zrI sukhAnanda bhAryA nityaM praNamati / citra 4 - kha ) ' muslima AkramaNa ke pUrva 9vIM - 13vIM zatAbdI ke madhya isa bhUbhAga meM dhAtukarma evaM dhAtu zilpakalA kA kArya apane caramotkarSa para thA / isa samaya gujarAta ke kalA zilpiyoM kI bejor3a unnati ke kAraNa hI gujarAta meM madhyakAla meM dhAtukarma ke advitIya namUnoM kA AvirbhAva huA / madhyakAla evaM paravartI madhyakAla meM dhAtukalA kauzala ko takanIka evaM kalA ke vikAsa kI pRSThabhUmi hetu samakAlIna dhArmika cetanA ne mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| jaina zramaNa vizeSa rUpa se bhavya kRtiyoM ke nirmANa ke preraNA srota the / jaina samudAya dvArA sadaiva hI prAcIna kalA paramparA ko nirantara saMrakSaNa milA hai / isa samudAya ne mandira nirmANa, mUrti zilpa ke vikAsa evaM pANDulipiyoM ke 1. svarNa kamala, ainziyeSTa ArTa eNDa TeknAlaoNjI oNpha gujarAta, myUjiyama aiNDa pikcara gailarI, bar3audA, gujarAta sTeTa, 1980. AbhArokti - prastuta lekha ke chAyA citra zrI hainarI mAikela dvArA taiyAra kiye gaye haiM / inakA pratilipyASikAra bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa dvArA surakSita hai / citra sUcI 1 ( ka kha ) 2 (kakha) 3 ( ka kha ) 4 ( ka -kha) caturviMzatipaTTa pArzvanAtha kI paMcatIrthikA pratimA zAntinAtha kI paMcatIthikA pratimA padmAvatI yakSI
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________________ gujarAta se prApta kucha mahattvapUrNa jaina pratimAyeM 177 surakSita rakha rakhAva hetu apAra dhana vyaya kiyA gayA hai / jaina dharma kA vikAsa svatantra rUpa meM huaa| isane prAcIna dharoharoM ko Aja bhI surakSita rakhA hai| solaMkI yuga meM nirmita prathama kRti ke atirikta samasta namUne vyaktigata rUpAMkana kI sahajatA evaM hrAsa ke dyotaka haiN| inakA pratirUpaNa mohaka nahIM hai, kintu pratyeka namUne 12 utkIrNa tithiyukta lekha dhAtu pratimA zilpa meM hue kalAtmaka hrAsa ke vibhinna caraNoM ke sAkSI haiN| paravartI madhyakAla meM gujarAta meM dhAtu kalAkRtiyoM ke sarjana hetu pItala kA upayoga hone lagA tathA isakA pracalana atyadhika bar3ha gayA thA kyoMki yaha svarNa kI bhA~ti camakIlA hotA thA / isa yuga meM musalamAna zAsakoM ke kAla meM kalA gatividhiyoM ne eka navIna mor3a liyaa| dhAtukarmiyoM ne adhika vizvasanIya takanIka evaM svataMtra dRSTikoNa apanA liyA thA, kintu kramazaH kalA cetanA meM sAdagI evaM hrAsa meM vRddhi hotI rhii| mugala zailI se prabhAvita hokara yaha kramazaH eka navIna anukaraNajanya zailI meM parivartita hokara pratimAe~ atyadhika bhaddI evaM kRtrima ho gayI evaM antatogatvA dhAtu zilpa avanati ke patha para agrasara ho gyaa| bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa, utkhanana zAkhA-2 naI dillI-110003 abhilekha mahAvIra kA caturvizatipaTTa "saMvat 1290 varSe mAghazudi 5 zukre zre0 vahapAla zre0 zre0 jama(?)jamadevAbhyAM zreyArthe putra sAcadevena bhArtR(tR) pUnasiMha sametena caturviMzatipaTTaH kAritaH / pratiSThitaM bRhadgacchIyaiH zrIzAli prbhsuuribhiH| pArzvanAtha 2. saMvat 1503 varSe mAgha"............"praNamaMti ( yA prANamaMti prayoga digambara pratimA paramparA meM pracalita hai ) paMcatIrthI 3. saM0 1525 vai0 zu0 3 gurau dhImUlasaMghe sarasvatIgacche bha0 zrIsakalakoti tatpaTTe bha0 zrIvimalendrakItibhiH zrIzAMtinAthabimbaM pratiSThitaM hUMbaDAtIya bha0 karamasI bhA0 karamAde su0 jaitA bhA0 jaitalade sa(su0) shNkaa| padmAvatI 4. saMvat 1663 varSe mAghamAse kRSNApakSe pratipadAyAM zrImUlasaMghe sarasvatIgacche balAtkAragaNe kundakundAcAryAnvaye bhaTTAraka dharmakIrtigurustatpaTTe bhaTTAraka pa pra0 zrI upadesAt nAgaNapurINo..."sukhAnadaM bhAryA..."rA nityaM praNamati / / bhaTAraka 4050 zrI zrI sukhAnandacAryANAmupadesA(zA)t / 23