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________________ gotrakarmake viSayameM merA cintana 8 agasta sana 1957 ke jaina saMdeza meM zrIbrahmacArI paM0 ratanacaMdajI sahAranapura dvArA paricAlita "zaMkA-samAdhAna" prakaraNameM nimna prakAra zaMkA aura usakA samAdhAna kiyA gayA thaa| "zaMkA1-nIca-uccagotra janmase hai yA karmase? kyA bauddhadharmameM dIkSita zUdra 50 sAla pazcAta uccagotrI na mAne jAyeMge ? avrata rahate hue bhI kyA gotra badala sakatA hai ? samAdhAna-SaTkhaNDAgama pustaka 13, pRSTha 388 para uccagotrake kArya ke viSayameM yaha zaMkA uThAI gayI hai ki uccagotrakA kArya rAjyAdi saMpadAkI prApti, mahAvratoM, aNuvratoM tathA samyagdarzanakI prApti, ikSvAkU kUla AdimeM utpatti nahIM hai kyoMki inase anyatra jIvameM bhI uccagotrakA udaya pAyA jAtA hai| isaliye uccagotra niSphala hai, usameM karmapanA bhI ghaTita nahIM hotA? isakA samAdhAna karate hue zrI vIrasena svAmIne likhA hai (1) uccagotra na mAnanese jina vacana (Agama) se virodha AtA hai, (2) kevalajJAnadvArA viSaya kiye gaye sabhI arthoMmeM chadmasyoMke jJAna pravatta bhI nahIM hote haiN| yadi chadmasthoMko koI artha upalabdha nahIM hote haiM to isase jinavacanoMko apramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| (3) gotrakarma niSphala hai, yaha bAta bhI nahIM hai kyoMki jinakA dIkSAyogya sAdhu AcAra hai. sAdha AcAra vAloMke sAtha jinhoMne saMbandha sthApita kiyA hai tathA jo 'Arya' isaprakArake jJAna aura vacana vyavahArake nimitta haiM-una puruSoMkI paramparAko uccagotra kahA jAtA hai tathA unameM utpattikA kAraNabhata karma bhI uccagotra hai| SaTakhaNDAgamakI dhavalATIkAke isa kathanase yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki hamako uccagotrake viSayameM vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM hai| isapara bhI janmase uccagotra kahA hai tathA kahIMpara karmase bhii| jaina cakravartIke saMbaMdhI mlecchakhaNDI jo cakravartIke sAtha AryakhaNDameM Akara dIkSita ho gaye the ve karmase uccagotra vAle haiN| bauddhadharmameM dIkSita zUdra 50 sAla pazcAt uccagotrI nahIM ho sktaa| avrata rahate hue gotra-parivartana nahIM ho sakatA, aisA samajhameM AtA hai / " maiMne jo zaMkA-samAdhAnakA yaha avataraNa yahA~para diyA hai, usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki pAThaka pratyeka bAtako ThIka tarahase samajha skeN| merA sAmAnyarUpase khyAla yaha hai ki vidvAna vastutattvake nirNayameM AgamakI apekSA tarkase kAma leM aura usakA Agamake sAtha kevala Avazyaka samanvaya mAtrakA dhyAna rakheM, to saMskRti saMbaMdhI bahuta-sI gutthiyA~ anAyAsa sulajha jAveMgI, isa taraha vidvAn saMskRti aura samAjake mahAn upakAraka siddha hoNge| karmasaMbaMdhI gutthI bhI bar3I jaTila hai| usake eka aMza gotrake viSayameM yahA~para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| samayAnusAra antarAya Adi dUsare aMzoMpara bhI vicAra kiyA jaaygaa| gotrakarmapara vicAra karanese pahale maiM pAThakoMko eka bAta sujhAnA cAhatA hU~ ki phala denemeM karmake liye nokarma sahAyatA pradAna karatA hai / AgamameM bhI nokarmako karmakA sahAyaka karma mAnA gayA hai, isakA abhiprAya yahI hai ki karma jIvako apanA phala dene meM nokarmake sAhAyyakI apekSA rakhatA hai| yaha bAta itanI spaSTa hote hue bhI Adhunika aura bahutase bhUtakAlIna vidvAnoMne isa siddhAntako mAnyatA de rakhI hai ki karma aura nokarmameM bhI kArya-kAraNabhAva hai arthAt jIvako karmaphala bhoganemeM nokarmakA
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________________ 134 : sarasvatI-varavaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-prantha samAgama bhI kamase hI prApta hotA hai| jaise-sAtA aura asAtA vedanIya karmoMkA kArya jIvako kramazaH sAtA aura asAtAkA anubhava karAnA hai / lekina vidvAn mAnate haiM ki sAtA aura asAtArUpa anubhavanake anukUla sAdhanoMko juTAnA bhI kramazaH sAtA aura asAtA vedanIya karmokA hI kArya hai| yahA~para hameM (vidvAnoMko) kama-se-kama yaha to socanA cAhiye ki jaba sAtA aura asAtA vedanIya kama jIvako apanA phala sahAyaka sAdhanoMke abhAvameM nahIM de sakate haiM to phira sahAyaka sAdhanoMko juTAnA sAtA aura asAtA vedanIya karmoMkA kArya kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? kAraNa ki sahAyaka sAdhanoMko juTAnA karmakA phala mAna lenese ukta mAnyatAke anusAra usameM bhI sahAyaka sAdhanoMke samAgamako AvazyakatA utpanna ho jAyagI, isa taraha sAtA aura asAtA vedanIya karmoke kAryameM anavasthiti doSakA prasaMga upasthita ho jaaygaa| isaliye yahI mAnanA ucita hai ki sahAyaka sAdhanoMko juTAnA sAtA aura asAtA vedanIya karmoMkA kArya nahIM hai, balki svapuruSArtha yA parapuruSArthase athavA anya prakArase anAyAsa hI jIvako jaba sAtA-sAmagrI yA asAtA sAmagrI prApta ho jAtI hai, taba sAtA aura asAtA vedanIya karma jIvako apanA phala sAtA aura asAtAke rUpameM dene lagate haiM / basa ! yahI bAta uccagotra aura nIcagotra karmoke viSayameM bhI samajhanA cAhiye / tAtparya yaha hai ki uccagotra aura nIcagotra karmoMkA kArya jIvameM kramazaH uccatA aura nIcatAkA vyavahAra karAnA hai / parantu uccagotra karma jIvameM uccatAkA vyavahAra karAneke liye usake (jIvake) uccakUlameM paidA hone athavA usakI ( jIvakI) ucca AcArarUpa pravRtti hone rUpa sahAyaka sAdhanoMkI apekSA rakhatA hai| isI prakAra nIcagotrakarma jIvameM nIcatAkA vyavahAra karAneke liye usake (jIvake ) nIcakulameM paidA hone athavA usakI ( jIvakI) nIca AcArarUpa pravRtti hone rUpa sahAyaka sAdhanoMkI apekSA rakhatA hai, isaprakAra jIvakA uccakulameM paidA honA athavA usakI ucca-AcArarUpa pravRtti honA uccagotrakarmakA tathA jIvakA nIca kulameM paidA honA athavA usakI nIca AcArarUpa pravRtti honA nIcagotrakarmakA kArya kadApi nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / anyathA pUrvokta prakArase anavasthiti doSakA prasaMga sAtA aura asAtA vedanIya karmokI taraha yahA~para bhI upasthita ho jaaygaa| isase yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki jIvakA ucca yA nIca kUlameM paidA honA athavA usakI ucca yA nIca AcAraNarUpa pravRtti honA ucca aura nIcagotra karmoMkA kArya nahIM hai balki koI jIva jaba uccakulameM paidA hotA hai athavA ucca AcArarUpa pravRtti karane lagatA hai to inakI sahAyatAse uccagotrakarma usa jIvameM uccatAkA vyavahAra karAne lagatA hai| isI taraha jaba koI jIva nIcakulameM paidA ho jAtA hai athavA nIca AcAra-rUpa pravRtti karane lagatA hai taba inakI sahAyatAse nIcagotrakarma usa jIvameM nIcatAkA vyavahAra karAne lagatA hai| jIvakA uccakulameM paidA honA athavA usakI ucca AcArarUpa pravatti honA uccagotra karmake aura jIvakA nIcakUlameM paidA honA athavA usakI noca AcArarUpa pravRtti honA nIcagotrakarmake nokarma (sahAyaka karma) honeke kAraNa hI loka jIvameM uccatA aura nIcatAkA vyavahAra janmanA aura karmaNA donoM prakArase kiyA karatA hai / parantu jaina saMskRti janmase ucca-nIca vyavahArako mahattva nahIM detI hai| vaha to jIvakI ucca aura nIca AcArarUpa pravRttiyoMse hI usameM (jIvameM) ucca aura nIca vyavahArakI hAmI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina saMskRtimeM gotra-parivartanakA siddhAnta svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura yaha bAta isaliye asaMgata nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai ki kanyA jaba vivAhita ho jAtI hai, to usakA pitRgotrase saMbaMdha viccheda hokara patigotrase saMbandha sthApita ho jAtA hai|
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________________ 3/dharma aura siddhAnta : 135 jaina saMskRtimeM jIvakI ucca-nIca AcAra-pravRttiyoMke AdhArapara hI usameM (jIvameM) ucca-nIca vyavahAra mAnanekA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki vahA~para (jaina saMskRtimeM) ucca aura nIca sabhI prakArake kuloMkI vyavasthA bhI usa-usa prakArake ucca aura nIca AcArake AdhArapara hI svIkAra kI gayI hai / jaise-camArake kulameM unpanna honevAlA vyakti camAra to kahalAtA hai parantu vaha kula, jo camAra kahalAtA hai, usakA mUlakAraNa yahI hai ki usa kulameM camar3e kA kArya kiyA jAtA hai| isIprakAra brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra varNoM tathA sunAra, luhAra, bar3haI, kumhAra Adi jAtiyoM (jo kulake hI nAmAntara hai) ke nAmakaraNa bhI manuSyoMke usausa prakArake AcArake AdhArapara hI svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| lokameM ukta sabhI prakArake AcAroMmeMse jisa-jisa AcArako ucca mAnA gayA hai usake AdhArapara usa kulako ucca aura jisa-jisa AcArako nIca mAnA gayA hai usake AdhArapara usa-usa kulako nIca mAna liyA gayA hai| yadyapi dezavizeSa, prAntavizeSa, vyaktivizeSa Adi dUsare vividhaprakArake AdhAroMpara bhI jAtiyoMkA nirmANa huA hai / parantu jIvoMkI uccatA aura nIcatAke vyavahArameM inakA kucha bhI upayoga nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra jaina, bauddha, vaiSNava, AryasamAja, musalamAna, IsAI Adi jAtiyoMkA nirmANa usa-usa saMskRtikI mAnyatAke AdhArapara huA hai / lekina inako bhI jIvoMko uccatA aura nIcatAkA dyotaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| prAyaH logoMkA khyAla hai ki dharmAcaraNa uccatAkA aura adharmAcaraNa nIcatAkA vyavahAra karAnemeM kAraNa hai parantu unakI yaha dhAraNA bilkula galata hai, kAraNa ki lokavyavahArameM yaha bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki adharmAcaraNa karanevAlA brAhmaNa uccagotrI mAnA jAtA hai aura dharmAcaraNa karanevAlA zUdra nIcagotrI hI mAnA jAtA hai / jaina saMskRtimeM bhI mithyAdRSTi jIvoMko bhI uccagotrI aura dezavirata (paMcama guNasthAnavartI) jIvoMko bhI nIcagotrI svIkara kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha yaha bAta bilkula spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki pratyeka jIvake kulaparaMparAgata jIvana-saMrakSaNake liye kiye jAnevAle prayatnoMkI uccatA aura nIcatAke AdhArapara hI unameM uccatA aura nIcatAkA vyavahAra karanA ucita hai| "saMtAnakameNAgayajIvAyaraNassa godamidi saNNA / uccaM NIcaM caraNaM ucca NIcaM have godaM |"-(gommttsaarkrmkaanndd)| yaha gAthA bhI hameM yahI upadeza detI hai ki jIvoM dvArA apane jIvanasaMrakSaNa (jIvikA)ke liye apanAyA gayA jo kulaparamparAgata pezA hai vahI gotra hai| vaha gotra (pezA) ucca aura nIca do prakArakA hai / gAthAmeM gotrasambandhI yaha varNana vAstavameM manuSyajAtiko lakSyameM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI itanA to nizcita samajhanA cAhiye ki gAthAke "jIvAcaraNa" zabdakA artha jIvikA (jovavRtti) hI hai| isa taraha nArakajAtike jovoMmeM yA to jIvanavRttikA sarvathA abhAva hai athavA unako jIvavatti kaSTamaya hai. isa taraha nArakiyoMkI jIvanavRttimeM nIcatAkA vyavahAra upayukta honeke kAraNa sabhI nArakI jIva nIcagotrI mAne gaye haiM / tiryaggatike jIvoMkI jIvanavRtti krUratA aura dInatAko liye hue kaSTamaya honeke kAraNa nIca hai. ataH sabhI tiryaMca bhI nIcagotrI mAne gaye haiN| devoMkI vRttiko sAtvikavRtti kahA jA sakatA hai, ataH sabhI deva uccagotrI mAna liye gaye haiN| mAnavavargako cAra bhAgoMmeM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| unameMse brAhmaNoMkI vattiko sAtvika tathA kSatriyoM aura vaizyoMkI vRttiko rAjasa mAnA gayA hai| ye donoM prakArako vRttiyA~ lokameM ucca
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________________ 136 : sarasvatI-varavaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-pranya mAnI gayI haiM / ataH brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya varNake sabhI manuSya uccagotrI mAne gaye haiN| zUdroMkI vRtti dInavRtti honeke kAraNa tAmasavRtti hai| lokameM tAmasavRtti nIcavRtti kahI jAtI hai, ataH sabhI zUdra nIcagotrI mAne gaye haiM / inake atirikta mlecchavRttiko apanAnevAle bhI manuSya hote haiM / mlecchavRtti bhI cU~ki krU ravRtti honeke kAraNa tAmasavRtti mAno gayI hai, ataH mlecchamAnava bhI nIcagotrI mAne gaye haiN| bhogabhUmike tiryacadonavRttike kAraNa nIcagotrI aura bhogabhUmike manuSya sAtvikavRttike kAraNa uccagotrI mAne gaye hai / isa taraha mAnavajAtimeM ucca aura nIca donoM gotravAle jIvoMkA astitva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ___ jo manuSya apane gArhasthya jIvanako lA~ghakara sAdhumArgako apanA lete haiM unakI vRtti jaina saMskRtike anusAra sAtvika ho jAtI hai / ataH sAdhuoMkI zreNImeM pahu~cA huA nIcagotrI manuSya bhI usa hAlatameM uccagotrI ho jAtA hai / isa taraha zUdrako nIcagotrI honeke kAraNa dIkSA lenekA jo niSedha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha ucita nahIM hai balki yahI mAnanA ucita hai ki yadi koI zUdra kadAcit apane gArhasthya jIvanako lA~ghakara sAdhujIvanameM praveza kara jAye, to usakA nIcagotra badalakara uccagotra ho jaaygaa| kAraNa ki sAdhujIvanameM praveza pAnese usakI gArhasthyajIvana sambandhI zUdrakulavatti samApta hokara sAdhujIvana sambandhI sAtvikavRtti ho jaavegii| yadi kahA jAve ki kama-se-kama aspRzya zUdrako to dIkSA lenekA niSedha honA hI cAhiye, to maiM kahU~gA ki zUdroMmeM aspRzyatA aura spRzyatAkA bheda brAhmaNa (vaidika) saMskRtikI hI dena hai / jaina saMskRtimeM aspRzya tAko koI sthAna prApta nahIM hai| . Uparake kathanase yadyapi yaha bAta siddha hotI hai ki zUdra bauddha saMskRtimeM dIkSita honepara 50 varSa bAda bhI uccagotrI nahIM ho sakatA hai, kAraNa ki koI bhI saMskRti gotraparivartanameM kAraNa nahIM hotI hai / parantu saMskRti badale yA na badale, phira bhI yadi kaulika AcAra (jIvanavRtti) badala jAtA hai to kisI bhI samaya zUdra (nIcagotrI) uccagotrI aura uccagotrI nIcagotrI ho jAyagA / isase isa bAtakA bhI niSedha ho jAtA hai ki avrata rahate hue gotraparivartana nahIM ho sakatA hai| kAraNa ki dharma uccagotrakA aura adharma nIcagotrakA kAraNa nahIM hai| sAdhajIvanako jo gotraparivartanameM kAraNa mAnA hai vaha dhArmika vRddhike kAraNa nahIM, balki jIvanavRtti badala jAneke kAraNa hI vahA~ gotraparivartana mAnA gayA hai| ukta viSayako karma siddhAntakI dRSTise bhI spaSTa kara denA maiM ucita samajhatA hU~-AyukarmakI saba prakRtiyoMko chor3akara zeSa sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya, uccagotra aura nIcagotra tathA cAroM gati Adi paraspara virodhI jitanI karma prakRtiyA~ haiM una sabakI pratyeka jIvameM apanI-apanI sImA taka eka sAtha sattA svIkAra kI gayI hai| ina prakRtiyoMke bandhake viSayameM aisA koI niyama nahIM hai ki nIcagotrI uccagotrakA aura uccagotrI nIcagotrakA bandha nahIM karatA hai balki yahA~ taka saMbhava hai ki koI jIva prathama kSaNameM yadi nIcagotrakA bandha kara rahA ho to vahI jIva dvitIya kSaNameM uccagotrakA bhI bandha kara sakatA hai| yahI bAta ukta sAtA aura asAtA vedanIya tathA cAroM gati Adi sabhI paraspara virodhI prakRtiyoMmeM bhI lAgU hotI hai| ina saba prakRtiyoMkI antarAlarahita niSeka racanA apane-apane abAdhAkAlako chor3akara sthitike anusAra bandhake sAtha ho ho jAyA karatI hai| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jahA~ taka saMbhava hai vahA~ taka eka bhI kSaNa aisA parilakSita nahIM hotA, jisa kSaNa meM paraspara virodhI ukta karmaprakRtiyoMke niSekoMkI sattA na pAyI jAtI ho| pratyeka karmaprakRtike pratyeka niSekakA apane-apane samayameM khiranekA niyama hai| isa taraha jisa kSaNameM uccagotrakA niSeka khiratA hai usI kSaNameM usakA virodhI nIcagotrakA niSeka bho khiratA hai| yaha khiranA . tIna prakArase saMbhava haiM-saMkramaNa hokara, phala dekara aura phala na dekara / saMkramaNakA artha yaha hai ki uccagotra
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________________ 3 / dharma aura siddhAnta : 137 kA niSeka kabhI-kabhI nIcagotrakA niSeka banakara khiratA hai aura isI taraha nIcagotrakA niSeka kabhI-kabhI uccagotrakA niSeka banakara khiratA hai / phala dekara aura phala nahIM dekara khiranekA artha yaha hai ki yadi khirate samaya uccagotrake niSekako nokarmakI sahAyatA prApta ho jAtI hai to uccagotrakA niSeka to phala dekara khiratA hai aura usa samaya nIcagotrakA niSeka binA phala diye hI khira jAtA hai| isI taraha yadi khirate samaya nIcagotrake niSekako nokarmakI sahAyatA prApta ho jAtI hai to nIcagotrakA niSeka to phala dekara khiratA hai aura uccagotrakA niSeka binA phala diye hI khira jAtA hai| yahI vyavasthA sAtA aura asAtA Adi paraspara virodhI sabhI karmaprakRtiyoMke niSakoMke khirane meM lAgU hotI hai| karmasiddhAntake isa vivecanase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jIvako eka hI bhavameM jisa prakAra apaneapane anukUla nokarmakI sahAyatAse kabhI sAtAvedanIya aura kabhI asAtAvedanIya karma apanA phala dete rahate haiN| isI prakAra jIvako eka hI bhavameM apane-apane anukUla nokarmako sahAyatAse kabhI uccagotra aura kabhI nIcagotra karma bhI apanA-apanA phala de sakate haiM / cU~ki nArakI, tiryaMca, deva ina tInoM gatiyoMmeM tathA bhogabhUmimeM kahIM uccagotrakA aura kahIM nIcagotrakA ho nokarma niyamase rahatA hai, ataH nArakiyoM, tiryaMcoM, devoM aura bhogabhUmike tiryacoM tathA manuSyoMkA gotraparivartana nahIM hotA hai| parantu karmabhUmija manuSyoMke jIvanameM pUrvokta prakAra jIvanavRtti badalanekI saMbhAvanAke AdhArapara uccagotra aura nIcagotra donoMke nokarmameM parivartanakI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI hai, ataH karmabhUmija manuSyoMke gotraparivartana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|