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________________ DaoN0 premazaMkara tripAThI 'kAgada kI lekhI' ke bajAya 'AMkhina dekhI' para bharosA karane ke kAraNa hI unakA sAhitya prabhaviSNutA-saMpanna hai| ghumakkar3I para kendrita tathA 1948 meM prakAzita 168 pRSTha kI kRti 'ghumakkar3a zAstra' kI bhUmikA meM rAhula ne likhA hai-"ghumakkar3I kA aMkura paidA karanA isa zAstra kA kAma nahIM, balki janmajAta aMkuroM kI puSTi, parivardhana tathA mArga pradarzana isa graMtha kA lakSya hai|' yadyapi lekhaka ne isa kRti meM yaha dAvA nahIM kiyA hai ki 'ghumakkar3oM ke lie upayogI sabhI bAteM sUkSma rUpa se yahA~ (kRti meM) A gaI hai, tathApi jina zIrSakoM meM kRti ko vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai ve bhramaNa ke mahatva ke sAtha-sAtha ghumakkar3I se saMbaMdhita vividhi AyAmoM kA vistRta vivecana karate haiN| pustaka kA pahalA nibandha hai 'athAto ghumakkar3a jijnyaasaa'| nibandha kI zuruAta meM lekhaka ne zIrSaka kI saMskRtaniSTha bhASA kA kAraNa batAte hue likhA hai-"Akhira hama zAstra likhane jA rahe haiM, phira zAstra kI paripATI ko to mAnanA hI pdd'egaa|" 'jijJAsA' ke bAre meM ve kahate haiM-"zAstroM meM jijJAsA aisI cIja ke lie honI batalAI gaI hai jo ki zreSTha tathA vyakti aura samAja ke lie parama hitakArI ghumakkar3azAstrI rAhula ho|" isI krama meM lekhaka ne brahma ko jijJAsA kA viSaya banAne ke bahuAyAmI kRtitva vAle mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne lie vyAsa kA ullekha kiyA hai aura yaha ghoSaNA kI hai kiitihAsa, darzana, dharma, bhASAzAstra, vijJAna, rAjanIti Adi vividha "merI samajha meM duniyA kI sarvazreSTha vastu hai ghumkkdd'ii| ghumakkar3a viSayoM para aneka mahatvapUrNa nibandha likhe haiM tathA bahumUlya kRtiyoM se baDhakara vyakti aura samAja kA koI hitakArI nahIM ho sktaa|" kA sRjana kiyA hai| unake kahAnIkAra, Alocaka, nibandhakAra, rAhulajI ne duniyA ko gatizIla banAne tathA vikAsa ke rAste nATakakAra, AtmakathA lekhaka tathA jIvanIkAra rUpa ne hindI prazasta karane kA zreya ghumakkar3I ko hI diyA hai| 'ghumakkar3a-zAstra' sAhitya ko viziSTa samRddhi pradAna kI hai| eka kaTTara vaiSNava parivAra ke tIsare pRSTha meM ve likhate haiM- "kolambasa aura vAsko da gAmA meM janme rAhala ne pahale Arya samAja aura phira bauddha dharma ke rAste do ghumakkar3a hI the jinhoMne pazcimI dezoM ke bar3hane kA rAstA se gujarate hue mArksavAda kI maMjila taya kI thii| eka sAhityakAra kholaa|' ghumakkar3a dharma kI AvazyakatA kA bakhAna karate hue yA lekhaka ke rUpa meM hI nahIM, vicAraka aura cintaka ke rUpa meN| unhoMne likhA hai- "jisa jAti yA deza ne isa dharma ko apanAyA, bhI unakI vyApaka pratiSThA rahI hai| sAmAjika yA rAjanItika vaha cAroM phaloM kA bhAgI huA aura jisane ise durAyA, usake lie kAryakartA kI haisiyata se vividha gatividhiyoM ke saMcAlana evaM naraka meM bhI ThikAnA nhiiN| Akhira ghumakkar3a dharma ko bhUlane ke kriyAnvayana meM rucipUrvaka bhAga lene ke sAtha-sAtha unhoMne gaMbhIra kAraNa hI hama sAta zatAbdiyoM taka dhakkA khAte rahe, aire-gaire jo bhI zodhakartA ke dAyitva kA bhI bhalIbhA~ti nirvAha kiyA thaa| cAhe Aye, hameM cAra lAta lagAte ge|" asahayoga AMdolana yA kisAna Andolana meM janatA ke sAtha sakriya apane kathya ke vivecana meM lekhaka ne zailI ko atyaMta rocaka bhAgIdArI ho yA bauddha-darzana aura bauddha sAhitya ke anudghATita aMzoM tathA bhASA ko sahaja banAe rakhA hai| rAhula kI mAnyatA hai ki duniyA kI anusaMdhAnaparaka vyAkhyA- donoM bhinna kSetroM meM rAhula ke sahaja ke adhikAMza dharmanAyaka ghumakkar3a rahe haiN| buddha ko sarvazreSTha evam pANDityapUrNa vyaktitva kI jhalaka pAI jA sakatI hai| ghumakkar3a ghoSita karate hue rAhula ne batAyA hai ki buddha ne sirpha vAstava meM rAhula ke sampUrNa sAhitya meM jo tanmayatA hai, gAMbhIrya puruSoM ke lie hI nahIM striyoM ke lie bhI ghumakkar3I kA upadeza hai usakA kAraNa unakA vyApaka jIvanAnubhuva hai; bhramaNa ke daurAna diyA thaa| rAhala likhate haiM- "ghumakkar3a dharma, brAhmaNa dharma jaisA jIvana kI bahuraMgI chaTAoM tathA virUpatAoM kA sAkSAtkAra hai| saMkacita dharma nahIM hai, jisameM striyoM ke lie sthAna na ho| striyA~ zikSA-eka yazasvI dazaka vidvata khaNDa/87
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________________ isameM utanA hI adhikAra rakhatI haiM, jitanA puruss|' unake anusAra bhArata ke naye netA, rAjasthAnI ranivAsa, bacapana kI smRtiyA~, atIta zaMkarAcArya ko deza kI cAroM dizAoM kI yAtrA ne hI, ghumakkar3I se vartamAna, sTAlina, kArla mArksa, lenina, mAotse-tuMga, ghumakkar3a dharma ne hI, bar3A bnaayaa| isI prakAra rAmAnanda, caitanya, IsA, svAmI, asahayoga ke mere sAthI, jinakA maiM kRtajJa, vIra caMdrasiMha gurunAnaka, dayAnanda Adi bhI isI dharma ke bala-bUte para mahAn hue gddh'vaalii| haiN| isIlie rAhula ne ghumakkar3a dharma ko saMsAra kA 'anAdi sanAtana yAtrA aura bhramaNa se saMbaMdhita anya kRtiyA~ haiM- soviyata bhUmi dharma' kahA hai aura use 'AkAza kI taraha mahAn aura samudra kI (1,2), soviyata madhya eziyA, kinnara deza, dAjiliMga paricaya, taraha nizAla' mAnA hai| unakI dhAraNA hai ki "ghumakkar3I ke lie kumAU~, gar3havAla, nepAla, himAcala pradeza, jaunasAra-deharAdUna, cintAhIna honA Avazyaka hai aura cintAhIna hone ke lie ghumakkar3I aajmgddh'-puraattv|| Avazyaka hai| donoM anyonyAzraya honA dUSaNa nahIM bhUSaNa hai|' isI rAhulajI ne ghumakkar3I ke mArga meM dhana-saMpatti kI apekSA balalekha meM ve spaSTa karate haiM ki ghumakkar3a dharma kI 'dIkSA vahI le buddhi kI mahattA para bala diyA hai- "ghumakkar3a ko jeba para nahIM sakatA hai, jisameM bahuta bhArI mAtrA meM hara taraha kA sAhasa ho|' lekha apanI buddhi bAhu aura sAhasa para bharosA rakhanA caahie|" (ghumakkar3a kA samApana karate hue ve ismAila meraThI kI do paMktiyA~ kA havAlA zAstra, pRSTha 25) / parantu isI kRti meM lekhaka ne ghumakkar3I ko dete haiM halke rUpa meM grahaNa karane vAloM ko saceta karate hue unake dAyitva saira kara duniyA kI gAphila jiMdagAnI phira kahA~, ko bhI rekhAMkita kiyA hai- "ghumakkar3a ko samAja para bhAra banakara jindagI gara kucha rahI to naujavAnI kahA~ / nahIM rahanA hai| use AzA hogI ki samAja aura vizva ke hareka deza apanI pAThyapustaka meM par3he hue isa zera ne rAhula ko bacapana ke loga usakI sahAyatA kareMge lekina usakA kAma ArAma se se hI yAtrA kI ora unmukha kara diyA thaa| ghUmane-phirane meM vyApaka bhikhamaMgI karanA nahIM hai| use duniyA se jitanA lenA hai, usase sau ruci kA kAraNa nAnA-nAnI ke yahA~ lAlana-pAlana bhI mAnA jA gunA adhika denA hai| jo isa dRSTi se ghara chor3atA hai vahI saphala aura sakatA hai| senA meM sipAhI ke rUpa meM unake nAnA ne dakSiNa bhArata yazasvI ghumakkar3a bana sakatA hai|" kA vyApaka bhramaNa kiyA thaa| avakAza grahaNa ke bAda nAtI kedAra ghumakkar3I ke lie upayukta Ayu aura anivArya zaikSaNika (rAhula) ko nAnA ke mukha se atIta ke rocaka yAtrA-vRttAntoM ko yogyatA kA vivecana karate hue rAhulajI ne apane anubhava se yaha sunane kA avasara prApta huaa| batAyA hai ki, "jisa vyakti meM mahAna ghumakkar3a kA aMkura hai, use ghara chor3akara yAtrA ke prati AkRSTa hone kA eka bar3A kAraNa / cAhe kucha sAla bhaTakanA hI par3e, kintu kisI Ayu meM bhI nikalakara thA alpAvasthA meM unakA bemela vivaah| apanI vAyu se 5 varSa bar3I vaha rAstA banA legaa| isalie maiM adhIra taruNoM ke rAste meM rukAvaTa patnI ko pAkara ve anyamanaska hokara umarapura ke bAbA paramahaMsa ke DAlanA nahIM caahtaa| lekina 40 sAla kI ghumakkar3I ke tajurbe ne pAsa baiThane lge| bAbAjI ne rAhula ko saMsAra bhramaNa kA parAmarza mujhe batalAyA hai ki yadi taiyArI ke samaya ko thor3A pahale hI bar3hA diyaa| ina sabhI bAtoM ne milakara kedAra ko ghumakkar3a banA diyaa| diyA jAya to AdamI Age bar3e lAbha meM rahatA hai|'' (ghumakkar3a bhramaNa ke prati isa AkarSaNa ne rAhula ko jIvana aura jagata zAstra pR0 30) ke vyApaka anubhava kI jAnakArI dii| ise ulaTakara yoM bhI kaha lekhaka ne ghumakkar3a ke lie itihAsa aura bhUgola-jJAna kI sakate haiM ki jIvana aura jagata ke bAre meM apanI jijJAsA ke kAraNa anivAryatA kI ora to saMketa kiyA hI hai, bhASAoM aura jalavAyu hI unhoMne ghumakkar3I vRtti apnaayii| (jo bhI ho isa rujhAna ne jina kI jAnakArI ko bhI Avazyaka batAyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki granthoM se hindI sAhitya ko samRddha kiyA, ve haiM- merI laddAkha yAtrA, ghumakkar3a kA yAtrA sAdhanoM kI suvidhA ke prati AgrahI honA laMkA, tibbata meM savA varSa merI yUropa yAtrA, merI tibbata yAtrA, yAtrA ayogyatA hai| use to pITha para sAmAna lAdakara calane kA jIvaTa ke panne, jApAna, IrAna, rUsa meM paccIsa mAsa, ghumakkar3a zAstra, rakhanA cAhie aura bailagAr3I-khaccara se lekara havAI jahAja taka kI eziyA ke durgama khaNDoM meN| ina kRtiyoM ko yAtrA sAhitya ke aMtargata yAtrA para avalaMbita rahanA caahie| usakA zarIra 'kaSTakSama' hI nahIM parigaNita kiyA jAtA hai| 'parizramakSama' bhI honA caahie| svAvalaMbana para bala dete hue rAhula jIvanI sAhitya ke aMtargata unakI nimnalikhita pustakeM rakhI likhate haiM- "ghumakkar3a meM aura guNoM ke atirikta svAvalaMbana kI jA sakatI haiM- merI jIvana yAtrA (1, 2) saradAra pRthivI siMha, naye mAtrA adhika honI caahie| sone aura cA~dI ke kaToroM ke sAtha paidA vidvata khaNDa/88 zikSA-eka yazasvI dazaka
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________________ huA vyakti ghumakkar3a kI parIkSA meM bilakula anuttIrNa ho jAegA, "yAtrAoM ke lekhaka dUsarI vastuoM ke likhane meM bhI kRtakArya ho yadi usane apane sone-cA~dI ke bharose ghumakkar3acaryA karanI caahii| sakate haiN| yAtrA meM to kahAniyA~ bIca meM aise hI AtI rahatI haiM, vastuta: saMpatti aura dhana ghumakkar3I ke mArga meM bAdhaka ho sakate jinake svAbhAvika varNana se ghumakkar3a kahAnI likhane kI kalA aura haiN|..... kevala utanA hI paisA pAkeTa meM lekara ghUmanA cAhie, zailI ko hastagata kara sakatA hai| yAtrA meM cAhe prathama puruSa meM likhe jisameM bhIkha mA~gane kI naubata na Aye aura sAtha hI bhavya hoTaloM yA anya puruSa meM, ghumakkar3a to usameM zAmila hI hai, isalie aura pAThazAlAoM meM rahane ko sthAna na mila ske| isakA artha yaha ghumakkar3a upanyAsa kI ora bhI bar3hane kI apanI kSamatA ko pahacAna hai ki bhinna-bhinna varga meM utpanna ghumakkar3oM ko eka sAdhAraNa tala para sakatA hai, aura pahale ke lekhana kA abhyAsa isameM sahAyaka ho AnA caahie|' (ghumakkar3a zAstra, pRSTha-39) isI pRSTha para ve sakatA hai|'' (pRSTha 141) isa uddharaNa se yaha bAta AsAnI se likhate haiM ki ghumakkar3a dharma kI yaha bhI vizeSatA hai ki vaha kisI samajhI jA sakatI hai ki rAhula kA kahAnIkAra yA upanyAsakAra rUpa jAta-pAMta ko nahIM mAnatA, na kisI dharma yA varNa ke AdhAra para / isIlie itanA mahatvapUrNa hai| isa saMdarbha meM pRSTha 144 kI ina avasthita varga hI ko|' paMktiyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai- "ghumakkar3I lekhaka rAhula ke isa niSkarSa meM unake vaicArika rujhAna kA spaSTa aura kalAkAra ke lie dharma-vijaya kA prayANa hai, vaha kalA-vijaya AbhAsa milatA hai| sAmyavAda kA gaharAI se adhyayana, manana evaM ____ kA prayANa hai, aura sAhitya-vijaya kA bhii| vastuta: ghumakkar3I ko avalaMbana grahaNa karane vAle rAhula ne ghumakkar3I meM bhI pUMjIvAdI sAdhAraNa bAta nahIM samajhanI cAhie, yaha satya kI khoja ke lie, pravRtti kA ghora virodha kiyA hai- "sone-cA~dI ke bala para bar3hiyA kalA ke nirmANa ke lie, sadbhAvanAoM ke prasAra ke lie mahAn se bar3hiyA hoTaloM meM Thaharane, bar3hiyA se bar3hiyA vimAnoM kI saira digvijaya hai|" karanevAloM ko ghumakkar3a kahanA usa mahAn zabda ke prati bhArI tabhI to ghumakkar3a svAmI, ghumakkar3azAstrI rAhula kA taruNaanyAya karanA hai| isalie yaha samajhane meM kaThinAI nahIM ho sakatI taruNiyoM ko parAmarza hai- "duniyA meM mAnuSa-janma eka hI bAra hotA ki sone ke kaTore ko mu~ha meM liye paidA honA ghumakkar3a ke lie hai aura javAnI bhI kevala eka hI bAra AtI hai| sAhasI aura tArIpha kI bAta nahIM hai| yaha aisI bAdhA hai, jisako haTAne meM kAphI manasvI taruNa-taruNiyoM ko isa avasara se hAtha nahIM khonA caahie| parizrama kI AvazyakatA hotI hai|" (ghumakkar3a zAstra, pRSTha-39) kamara bA~dha lo bhAvI ghumkkdd'oN| saMsAra tumhAre svAgata ke lie - lekhaka ne isa vRtti ke lie AtmasammAna ko mahatvapUrNa mAnA bekarAra hai|" hai tathA cApalUsI kI nindA kI hai| unakA vicAra hai- 'vastuta: ghumakkar3a ko apane AcaraNa aura svabhAva ko aisA banAnA hai, jisase vaha duniyA meM kisI ko apane se Upara na samajhe, lekina sAtha hI kisI ko nIcA bhI na smjhe| samadarzitA ghumakkar3a kA ekamAtra dRSTikoNa hai, AtmIyatA usake hareka bartAva kA sAra hai|' (ghumakkar3a zAstra, pRSTha-40) rAhula ne ghumakkar3I ko sAdhana aura sAdhya donoM mAnA hai| unake anusAra- "abhI taka loga ghumakkar3I ko sAdhana mAnate the aura sAdhya mAnate the mukti - deva darzana ko, lekina ghumakkar3I kevala sAdhana nahIM vaha sAtha hI sAdhya bhI hai|'' (pRSTha-154) lekhaka ne graMtha ke samApana meM yaha AzA vyakta kI hai ki adhika anubhava aura kSamatA vAle vicAraka apanI samartha lekhanI se nirdoSa graMtha kI racanA kara skeNge| . isa nibaMdha ke AraMbha meM kahA gayA hai ki yAtrA ke prati AkarSaNa ne hI rAhula ke kRtitva ko bahuAyAmI banAyA hai, isake samarthana meM 'ghumakkar3a zAstra' kI ina paMktiyoM kA havAlA diyA jA sakatA hai zikSA-eka yazasvI dazaka vidvata khaNDa/89