English Pratikraman Ritual for English Speaking Jains

Author(s): Mayur and Rita Lodaya (Speaker)
Publisher: JAINA Education Committee
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/320011/1

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English Pratikraman Observance of Self-Reflection Original Verses English Interpretations &l@luor Repentance and Forgiveness I forgive all living beings May all living beings grant me forgiveness My friendship is with all living beings My enmity is totally nonexistent JAINA Education Committee Federation of Jain Associations in North America

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English Pratikraman JAINA Education Series (JES 931) First Edition: May 2006 Second Edition (revised): April 2007 Third Edition: December 2007 Fourth Edition: April 2009 Fifth Edition: January 2011 Sixth Edition January 2016 ISBN: 1-59406-044-4 This Book has No-copyright for private, personal, and non-commercial use only Please use the religious material respectfully and for nonprofit purposes. 2 Published by: JAINA Education Committee Federation of Jain Associations in North America Pravin K. Shah 509 Carriage Woods Circle Raleigh, NC 27607-3969 USA Telephone and Fax - 919-859-4994 Links for JAINA Education Books and Information http://www.jainlibrary.org/elib_master/jaina_edu/jaina_edu_bo ok/$JES000_Pathshala_Books_Summary_000011_std.pdf jainaedu@gmail.com www.jaineLibrary.org We are interested in your comments. Please donate generously towards Jain Education Activity. Send your contribution to Jaina Education Committee - Federation of Jaina and use above address for communication or use the following donation link of Jain eLirary Website: http://www.jainlibrary.org/donation1.php ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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DEDICATED TO People around the World Committed to Compassionate Living for their continued effort in promoting Nonviolence, protection of the environment and a spirit of compassionate interdependence with nature and all living beings. Special thanks to the people practicing a strict vegetarian (Vegan) and Alcohol/drug free life-style for inspiring us to see a true connection between the principle of Non-violence and the choices we make. A vegan and alcohol/drug free life-style stems from a compelling ethical and moral value system, where one makes a conscious effort not to harm any animals and not to harm his own body, mind & soul. As a result, one avoids the use of all animal products such as meat, fish, chicken, eggs, milk, cheese, ice-cream, butter, ghee, and all other dairy products as well as refraining from the use of silk, fur, pearls, leather, or any other products created from animal cruelty. One also refrains from all types of addictive substances such as alcohol and illicit drugs. Note: Records from the last four years of YJA and YJP conventions indicate that more than 10% Jain Youth registered as Vegans. The New York Times (October 2005) reports that 6 million Americans are Vegan. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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.. ..... 0 ..... Oo oo uu to 6000 ..... . ...... y.............................. : ...... : English Pratikraman Table of Contents Preface .......... Articles - To Understand Pratikraman Ritual . .... A. - Importance of Proper Performance of a Ritual.... A1. - Kriya Yoga .......... A2. - Jnana Yoga .. B. - Paryushan and Das Lakshana Parva...... C. - English Pratikraman - Observance of Self-Reflection........ 15 C1.- Samayika - State of Equanimity.... C2. - Chaturvimshati Stava - Prayer to Tirthankars .......... C3.- Vandana - Respecting Ascetics ............. C4. - Pratikraman - Repentance and Confession of Sins ............ C5.- Kayotsarga - Meditation in a Yoga Posture .. C6. - Pratyakhyana or Pachchakhana - Taking Religious Vows.. 22 C7. - Reflections on Spirituality ......... ............. 23 Preparation for Pratikraman ............ 24 Pratikraman Ritual. 1.0 1st Essential (Part-1): Adoption of Samayika .............. 1.1 Jain Prayer to Great Souls - Namaskar Mahamangal Sutra. 26 1.2 Benedictory Verse - Chattari Mangalam Sutra ......... 1.3 Guru Sthapana - Panchindiya Sutra.......... 1.4 Observation of Muhapatti .......... 1.5 Forgiveness Verse of Samayika - Irya Vahiyae Sutra .......... 1.6 Kayotsarga - Tassa Uttari and Annattha Sutra. ............. 1.7 Vow of Samayika - Karemi Bhante Sutra ............ 2.0 2nd Essential: Praying to 24 Tirthankars ......... 2.1 Worshiping of 24 Tirthankars - Logassa Sutra ............. 2.2 Qualities of Tirthankars - Namutthunam Sutra. 2.3 Prayer to Lord Tirthankar - Jaya Viyaraya Sutra .............. 3.0 3rd Essential: Vandana - Respecting Ascetics ................ 3.1 Bowing to Ascetics - Ichchhami Khamasamano Sutra ......... 3.2 Wellness of Guru - Icchakara sutra ... 3.3 Ascetics Forgiveness Sutra - Abbhutthio Sutra .................... 3.4 Bowing to Ascetics - Tikhutto Sutra.. 4.0 4th Essential: Pratikraman - Repentance and Forgiveness48 4.1 Repentance of all Sins - Samvatsaria Padikkamane Thaum?48 4.2 Repentance of Sins to all Living Beings - Sata Lakha Sutra 48 4.3 Atonement of Eighteen Sins - 18 Papsthanak Sutra ............ 50 4.4 Atichar - Minor Violations of Lay people's Vows ................... 4.5 General Atonement. ..................... 4.6 Universal Forgiveness to All..... ............. ............. 45 47 ..53 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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.... ............. 64 ........ 72 5.0 5th Essential: Kayotsarga - Meditation in a Yoga Posture62 Introspection and Kayotsarga - Arihanta-ceiyanam Sutra ............ 62 6.0 6th Essential: Religious Vows - Pratyakhyana ................. 64 6.1 Personal Improvement Vows 6.2 Spiritual Vows. ........... 64 6.3 Day-to-Day Vows 7.0 Reflections ........... .......... 65 7.1 Reflection on Our True Teacher (Sadguru) ....... .......... 65 7.2 Reflection on Universal Peace - Upsargah Kshayam Yanti.. 66 7.3 Reflection on Universal Friendship - Shivmastu Sarva......... 66 7.4 Reflection on Spirituality and Pure Consciousness .............. 7.5 Self Contemplation ........... 8.0 1st Essential (Part-2): Conclusion of Samayika................ 69 8.1 Concluding Vows of Samayika - Samaiya-Vaya-jutto Sutra. 69 8.2 Guru Utthapana. ........... 71 Stavans - Samaro Mantra. Universal Friendship Song - Maitri Bhavana................ Appendix. . ............ 75 1. Twelve Vows of Lay People (Shravaks and Shravikas) ...... 75 Five Main Vows of Limited Nature (Anuvratas) ... Three Merit Vows (Guna-vratas)........ .............. Four Disciplinary Vows (Shiksha vratas)... 2. 108 Attributes of the Five Supreme Beings Arihanta or Tirthankar..... Siddha Acharya.......... Upadhyay ........ Sadhu and Sadhvi.... 3. Obeisance to Ascetics - Suguru Vandana Sutra ........... Believe In Yourself. Slow Dance............... ................ Essence of Spirituality ....... ... -Omeo ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Preparation for Pratikraman Samayika and Pratikraman rituals are to be performed in the presence of a monk or nun. However, in his/her absence, one symbolizes the presence of the monk by keeping a religious scripture in front on a table or stand and placing a rosary (Navakarvali) over the scripture. Some sects perform the Pratikraman ritual facing the Northeast direction as this symbolizes the presence of the living Tirthankar Simandhar-swami of Mahavideha land (Kshetra). Rules of Pratikraman: Wear clean (freshly washed) clothes. Keep a Charavalo (cotton* broom) to sweep the floor prior to any unexpected movements of the body. Sit on a rectangular cotton* piece of cloth (Katasanu) on the floor. Place a clean Muhapatti (handkerchief) in front of the mouth during the recitation of sutras or keep your mouth covered by Muhapatti at all times. Refrain from activities such as eating, drinking, and chewing. If possible, avoid using the restroom during Pratikraman. Maintain serenity and silence when Sutras are not being recited by you. * Note Jain literature indicates that one should sit on a woolen cloth and keep a woolen broom during the ritual for the protection of crawling bugs and insects during rainy season and other time. However currently all commercial wool is produced by torturing and exploiting sheep and other animals. Also there are no bugs and insects crawl in the Jain centers or in our houses in North America. The usage of these two items has only symbolical meaning. Hence we have replaced wool items with cotton items. solben 24 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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3 4 The complete Pratikraman is observed in the following steps known as six Essentials (Avashyaka). 1A Samayika Adoption 2 Chauvisattho or Chaturvimshati-stava 5 6 Pratikraman Observance of Self-Reflection 1B Pratikraman Ritual Vandana Pratikraman PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Kayotsarga Pratyakhyana or Pachchakhana Samayika Conclusion Adopting vows of Samayika Praying to the 24 Tirthankars Respecting Ascetics Repentance, Confession, and Forgiveness Non-attachment to the Body Religious Vows Conclusion of Samayika Pratikraman Ritual Postures ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN 25

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 1.0 1st Essential (Part-1): Adoption of Samayika First a person adopts a vow of Samayika or state of equanimity during the duration of Pratikraman by reciting all the Sutras indicated in this section. 1.1 Jain Prayer to Great Souls - Namaskar Mahamangal Sutra Namaskar Mahamangal Sutra, popularly known as Namaskar Mantra, Navakar Mantra or Namokkar Mantra, is the most revered prayer in Jainism. It offers obeisance to the five supreme beings known as Pancha Parmeshtis, namely: Arihanta, Siddha, Acharya, Upadhyay and Sadhus which include all monks and nuns of any religion who practice the 5 great vows of conduct. In the first and second sentences, obeisance is offered to the omniscient beings, which are Arihanta and Siddha. In the third, fourth, and fifth sentences, obeisance is offered to ascetics including Acharya, Upadhyay and all Sadhus and Sadhvis. The sutra offers obeisance to the qualities of Pancha Parmeshtis, not to the individuals. The remaining four sentences explain the importance and benefit of these obeisances. There are a total of 108 qualities or attributes of these five supreme beings. The Jain rosary (Mala) has 108 beads signifying these attributes. Attributes: Arihanta - 12, Siddha - 8, Acharya - 36, Upadhyay - 25, and Sadhu - 27 = Total - 108 namaskAra mahAmaMgala sUtra: namo arihaMtANaM / namo siddhANaM / namo AyariyANaM / namo uvajjhAyANaM / namo loe savvasAhUNaM / eso paMca namakkAro, savvapAvappaNAsaNo / maMgalANaM ca savvesiM, paDhamaM havai maMgalaM / / 26 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Namaskara Mahamangal Sutra Namo arihantanam. Namo siddhanam. Namo ayariyanam. Namo uvajjhayanam. Namo loe sawa-sahunam. Eso panca-namukkaro, savva-pava-ppanasano; mangalanam ca savvesim, padhamam havai mangalam. Namo Arihantanam I bow to the Arihantas (Tirthankars) who have reached enlightenment by conquering or eliminating all their Kashaya or vices such as anger, ego, deceit, and greed, who have attained infinite knowledge, vision, bliss, and power and have shown the path that ends the cycle of birth, life, and death to the lay people. Namo Siddhanam I bow to the Siddhas or liberated souls that have attained the state of perfection and immortality after the attainment of Keval-Jnana and completion of their current duration of life, thereby achieving total freedom from all karma. = By destroying all 8 types of karmas Siddhas acquire 8 unique attributes of their soul. They are as follows: Anant Jnan Infinite Knowledge Anant Darshan Infinite Perception Avyabadha Sukha Eternal Happiness Anant Charitra Perfect Conduct Akshaya Sthiti Immortality Arupitva Formlessness Aguru Laghutva No Social Status Anant Virya Infinite Power and Energy Namo Ayariyanam I bow to the Acharyas, who lead the Jain order, and show us the path to liberation, i.e., the path of Right Conviction or Faith, Right Knowledge, and Right Conduct. Namo Uvajjhayanam ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN 27

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL I bow to the Upadhyays, who are the religious scholars and guides of the scriptures. They explain to us the true nature of the soul and karma as well as the importance of spiritual life over material life. Namo Loe Savva Sahunam I bow to all ascetics who strictly follow the five great vows of conduct and inspire us to live a simple life. The five vows are: Ahimsa (Nonviolence and Compassion), Satya (Truthfulness), Asteya (Non-stealing), Brahmacharya (Chastity), and Aparigraha (Nonpossessiveness and Non-attachment) Eso Pancha Namukkaro To these five types of great souls, I offer my obeisance. Savva Pavap-panasano May such obeisance help lessen my sins. Mangala-nam cha Savvesim Giving this praise is most auspicious. Padhamam Havai Mangalam It is so auspicious as to bring inner peace and happiness. "The Arhats of the past, those of the present and the future narrate thus, discourse thus, proclaim thus, and affirm thus: One should not injure, subjugate, enslave, torture or kill any animal, living being, organism or sentient being. This doctrine of Non-Violence (Ahimsa Dharma) is immaculate, immutable and eternal." 28 Acharanga Sutra, Ch. 4 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 1.2 Benedictory Verse - Chattari Mangalam Sutra After praying to the five great personalities, this sutra explains that the Tirthankars, Liberated souls (Siddhas), Ascetics, and the religion preached by Tirthankars are very auspicious and divine and we should take refuge in them. cattAri maMgalaM sUtra: cattAri maMgalaM, arihaMtA maMgalaM, siddhA maMgalaM, sAhU maMgalaM, kevalipaNNatto dhammo maMgalaM / cattAri logattamA, arihaMtA loguttamA, siddhA logattamA, sAha loguttamA, kevalipaNNatto dhammo loguttamo | cattAri saraNaM pavajjAmi, arihaMte saraNaM pavajjAmi, siddhe saraNaM pavajjAmi, sAhU saraNaM pavajjAmi, kevali paNNattaM dhamma saraNaM pavajjAmi / / Chattari Mangalam Sutra: chattari mangalam, arihanta mangalam, siddha mangalam, sahu mangalam, kevali pannatto dhammo mangalam. chattari loguttama, arihanta loguttama, siddha loguttama, sahu loguttama, kevali pannatto dhammo loguttamo. chattari saranam pavvajjami, arihanta saranam pavvajjami, siddha saranam pavvajjami, sahu saranam pavvajjami, kevali pannatam dhammum saranam pavajjami. These four are the most auspicious in the universe: The Arihantas, the Siddhas, the ascetics, and the religion shown by the omniscient beings (Tirthankars). These four are the most divine in the universe: The Arihantas, the Siddhas, the ascetics, and the religion shown by the omniscient beings (Tirthankars). ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN 29

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL May I take refuge in these four: The Arihantas, the Siddhas, the ascetics, and the religion shown by the omniscient beings (Tirthankars). 1.3 Guru Sthapana - Panchindiya Sutra Generally, Samayika is performed in the presence of a Guru or an ascetic. However, in their absence, one places a religious book in front with a rosary (Navakar Vali) of 108 beads above the book, to symbolize the presence of a Guru. Now holding a Muhapatti (handkerchief) in the left hand and extending the right palm towards the scripture, recite the Panchindiya Sutra. paMciMdiya sUtra paMciMdiya-saMvaraNo, taha nava-viha-baMbhacera-guttidharo. cauviha-kasAya-mukko, ia aTThArasa-guNehiM saMjutto. ........ paMca-mahavvaya-jutto, paMca-vihAyAra-pAlaNa-samattho. 47-HA31) Paddant, EriH-ITUTT OIT Host.. ............2. Pancindiya Sutra pancindiya-samvarano, taha nava-viha-bambhacera-guttidharo. cauviha-kasaya-mukko, ia attharasa-gunehim sanjutto...... panca-mahavvaya-jutto, panca-vihayara-palana-samattho. panca-samio tigutto, chattisa-guno guru majjha.... .........1 A Guru Possesses the 36 Qualities: Control over the Five Senses: He possesses complete control over the pleasures of touch, taste, smell, sight, and hearing senses. These are known as the five Indriya Nishedha. Observance Nine Stipulations of Celibacy: He observes celibacy by following its nine stipulations. These steps provide proper protection to the vow of celibacy known as the nine Brahmacharya Vada. 30 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Not looking at a person of the opposite gender with the sense of sensual pleasure Not thinking of the past sensual pleasures of one's life Not staying with a person of another gender Not talking about a person of the opposite gender with pleasure Not occupying the seat that was used by a person of the opposite gender for even a short time Not staying nearby where a couple might be staying Not consuming intoxicating substances, such as alcohol or drugs. * Always eating less than one's appetite * Not decorating the body Avoidance of the Four Passions: He completely avoids the four passions: anger, ego, deception and greed, thereby having control over the four Kashayas. Adherence to the Five Great Vows: He completely follows the five great vows: non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, celibacy, and non-possessiveness, which are collectively known as the five Mahavratas. Observance of Five Spiritual Codes of Conducts: Observance of the fivefold spiritual code of conduct: Right Conviction (Samyak Darshan), Right Knowledge (Samyak Jnan), Right Conduct (Samyak Charitra), Right Austerities (Samyak Tapa), and Vigor (Virya). This is known as following the five Acharas. Following of the Five Samitis: Awareness and care while walking, speaking, accepting anything, placing or replacing any items, and disposing of human waste and other items. This is known as following the five Samitis. Following the Three Guptis Constraint of the mind speech and body. This is known as following the three Guptis. 1.4 Observation of Muhapatti The Muhapatti (handkerchief) is used to cover the mouth or keep it in front of mouth so that one minimizes in order to minimize violence towards invisible bacteria in the air. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN 31

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL The four corners of the Muhapatti represent right faith, right knowledge, right conduct, and self-control. It is folded in such a way that eight layers of material are used to protect invisible bacteria. Some Jains keep it around their mouth, while others hold it in the front of their mouth while reciting Sutras during Samayika or Pratikraman. In Jain tradition, every religious activity is supposed to be undertaken with the appropriate permission from Guru. Therefore, the lay person first seeks permission to inspect the Muhapatti. icchAkAreNa sandisaha: bhagavana ! sAmAyika muhapatti paDilehaM ? (paDileha) icchaM Icchakaren Sandisah Bhagavan ! Samayika Muhapatti Padilehun ? (padilehah) Iccham. Oh! Forgiving Gurudev, may I have your kind permission to inspect the Muhapatti? (Yes, you may). I will now do it. Now unfold the Muhapatti and make sure no insects are trapped in the material. Then fold it back properly. The one side of the folded portion of the Muhapatti has 8 layers of material. After folding it, one holds the Muhapatti in the right hand and touches the left arm with the Muhapatti from fingers to shoulder indicating acceptance of good qualities or virtues by saying: I accept nonviolence, truthfulness, non-stealing, control over sensual pleasures, less attachment towards worldly objects, graciousness, and helping all living beings. Then the folded Muhapatti is swapped in the left hand and one touches the right arm from shoulder to fingers indicating rejection of bad qualities by saying: I reject anger, ego, deceit, greed, jealousy, stealing, violence, attachment to worldly objects, and uncontrollable sensual pleasures. olleen Life is like a garden: A tender heart is its beauty. A sweet tongue is its fragrance. A disciplined mind is its purity. 32 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 1.5 Forgiveness Verse of Samayika - Irya Vahiyae Sutra It is very important to ask for forgiveness and repent for sins we committed either knowingly or unknowingly before performing Samayika, Pratikraman, and Chaitya Vandan (praying to the Tirthankars at the temple). After doing so, we should perform introspection (Kayotsarga), so we do not commit these sins again. The ritual in which we perform atonement during Samayika is known as Iriyavahiya. Reciting this sutra specifies the sins that may have been committed by an individual in ordinary day-to-day life while moving around. He/she repents and asks for forgiveness for these sins. iriyAvahiyA sUtra: icchA-kAreNa saMdisaha bhagavan ! iriyAvahiyaM paDikkamAmi ? icchaM, icchAmi paDikkamiuM. ........ iriyAvahiyAe, virAhaNAe... .................... gamaNAgamaNe...... ........................... pANa-kkamaNe, bIya-kkamaNe, hariya-kkamaNe, osA-uttiMga-paNaga-daga-maTTI-makkaDA-saMtANA-saMkamaNe.... je me jIvA virAhiyA .............5. egiMdiyA, beiMdiyA, teiMdiyA, cauriMdiyA, paMciMdiyA.........6. abhihayA, vattiyA, lesiyA, saMghAiyA, saMghaTTiyA, pariyAviyA, kilAmiyA, uddaviyA, ThANAo ThANaM saMkAmiyA, jIviyAo vavaroviyA, tassa micchA mi dukkaDa. Iriyavahiya Sutra iccha-karena sandisaha bhagavan ! iriyavahiyam padikkamami? iccham, icchami padikkamium. iriyavahiyae, virahanae... ............ gamana-gamane.... pana-kkamane, biya-kkamane, hariya-kkamane, osa-uttinga, panaga-daga, matti-makkada-santana-sankamane. ........7. ................. salilalla-SaliKalmane.......................... ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL .......5 je me jiva virahiya. egindiya, beimdiya, teimdiya, caurindiya, pancindiya.......6. abhihaya, vattiya, lesiya, sanghaiya, sanghattiya, pariyaviya, kilamiya, uddaviya, thanao thanam, sankamiya, jiviyao vavaroviya, tassa miccha mi dukkadam.. .............7. Meaning While walking I may have hurt or crushed living beings such as: Live seeds Live plants Living beings in the dew Living ant hills Living moss Living beings in the water Living beings in the earth * Living webs of spiders Whatever living beings may have been hurt by me: Living beings with only one sense, the sense of touch, as in the elements of earth, water, fire, air, and plants; Living beings with only two senses, the sense of touch and taste, such as worms and shell creatures; Living beings with three senses, the sense of touch, taste, and smell, such as ants; Living beings with four senses, the sense of touch, taste, smell, and sight, such as bees, wasps, and other flying insects; Living beings with all five senses, the sense of touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing, as in beings of the water (fish), beings of the land (mammals, animals and human), and beings of the sky (birds). Whoever may have been struck by me while traveling; Whoever I may have covered by dust; Whoever I may have been rubbed up against; Whoever I may have been forced to collide with; Whoever I may have inflicted pain upon; Whoever I may have frightened; * Whoever I may have hurt by touching or tilting them; 34 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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Whoever may have been tormented by being turned upside down; Whoever I may have shifted from one place to another; Whoever I may have made lifeless. May all that be forgiven and may all the suffering I caused, knowingly or unknowingly, come to an end. * * May the ignorance in me that caused pain to other living beings come to an end, and may they all forgive me. PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 1.6 Kayotsarga - Tassa Uttari and Annattha Sutra After requesting forgiveness from all living beings of the universe, the next step is to discipline one-self in order to avoid future sins. This is done via Kayotsarga (motionless body) and introspective meditation on a Jain prayer. This meditation also helps reduce our Kashayas, which in turn reduces our past bad karma. By reciting Tassa Uttari Sutra, one states the intention of meditating in a motionless posture. By reciting Annattha Sutra, one enumerates the list of minor violations that may happen while in a motionless yoga posture. tassa uttarI sUtra tassa uttarI- karaNeNaM, pAyacchitta karaNeNaM, visohI- karaNeNaM, visallI - karaNeNaM, pAvANaM kammANaM nigghAyaNaTThAe, ThAmi kAussaggaM. Tassa Uttari Sutra: tassa uttari-karanenam, payacchitta-karanenam, visohi-karanenam, visalli-karanenam, pavanam kammanam, nigghayanatthae, thami kaussaggam. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN .1. Meaning In order to repent and atone my sins, purify my soul, remove obstacles, and stop future sinful activities, I will undertake meditation for certain duration in a motionless meditative posture (Kausagga). 35

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL .............. annattha sUtra annattha-UsasieNaM, nIsasieNaM, khAsieNaM, chIeNaM, jaMbhAieNaM, uDDueNaM, vAya-nisaggeNaM, bhamalIe, pitta-mucchAe.............1. suhumehiM aMga-saMcAlehiM, suhumehiM khela-saMcAlehiM, suhumehaM didvi-saMcAlehiM. ...... .......... evamAiehiM AgArehiM, a-bhaggo a-virAhio, hujja me kAussaggo. jAva arihaMtANaM bhagavaMtANaM, namukkAreNaM na pAremi.............4. tAva kAyaM ThANeNaM moNeNaM jhANeNaM, appANaM vosirAmi........5. Annattha Sutra annattha-usasienam, nisasienam, khasienam, chienam, jambhaienam, udduenam, vaya-nisaggenam, bhamalie, pitta-mucchae. 1. suhumehim amga-sancalehim, suhumehim khelasancalehim, suhumehim ditthi-sancalehim. ...... ..........2. evamaiehim agarehim, a-bhaggo a-virahio, hujja me kaussaggo... java arihantanam bhagavantanam, namukkarenam na paremi. tava kayam thanenam monenam jhanenam, appanam vosirami. ..........5. Meaning I will now engross myself in meditation in a completely motionless yoga posture (Kayotsarga) for a specified duration. I will remain motionless apart from breathing, coughing, sneezing, yawning, belching, involuntarily losing balance, vomiting, fainting, reflex eye movements and other involuntary bodily movements. I will meditate and avoid any sinful activities by keeping my body motionless and observing complete silence. At the conclusion of meditation, I will complete the Kayotsarga by offering salutations to Arihanta. 36 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Note: The proper posture for meditation is to sit or stand-up straight, keep eyes half open, and focused on the scripture located in the center on the Sthapana and recite the Namaskar Sutra in silence. If you cannot keep your eyes half-open, then keep them fully closed. Do Kausagga (Meditation) of 4 Namaskar Sutra and at the conclusion say "namo arihantanam". 1.7 Vow of Samayika - Karemi Bhante Sutra Karemi Bhante Sutra is recited to take the vow of Samayika. Samayika means equanimity. In essence, the person follows the five great vows of conduct for the duration of Samayika. During Samayika, one should do meditation, Pratikraman, or religious study, and otherwise recite Namaskar Sutra continuously in silence. One should not attend to or think of any worldly matters. karemi bhaMte sUtra Data ud! sAmAiyaM sAvajjaM jogaM paccakkhAmi, jAva niyamaM pajjuvAsAmi, cias, fa-rasui, maNeNaM, vAyAe, kAeNaM, na karemi, na kAravemi, tassa bhaMte ! YfACHITA, GITA, JIREITA, 3119 uj a AITA. .......1. Karemi Bhante Sutra: karemi bhante ! samaiyam savajjam jogam paccakkhami, java niyamam pajjuvasami, duviham, ti-vihenam, manenam, vayae, kaenam, na karemi, na karavemi, tassa bhante ! padikkamami, nindami, garihami, appanam vosirami.. Meaning Oh Forgiving Gurudev! I will meditate, worship, and repent for my sins, or study religious scriptures for the duration of Samayika. I also take the vow of refraining from all wrongful activities. With the two-fold activities; I will not do and I will not make others do any wrongful activities. .......1. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL With three-fold activities of mind, speech, and body, I will not overlook or participate in any wrongful activities. Oh respected Guruji! I give up all harmful activities of my mind, my speech, and my body. I condemn my wrongful actions. I express disapproval of my de-merits. I am determined to free myself from worldly bondage. "Only that man can take a right decision, whose soul is not tormented by the afflictions of attachment and aversion" -Isibhasiyam (44/1) 38 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 2.0 2nd Essential: Praying to 24 Tirthankars Arihanta Siddha A person worships the 24 Tirthankars by reciting Logassa, Namutthunam, and Jaya Viyaraya Sutras. 2.1 Worshiping of 24 Tirthankars - Logassa Sutra By recitation of the Logassa Sutra, one worships and praises the virtues of the twenty-four Tirthankars and offers obeisance to them. .........1. logassa sUtra logassa ujjoa-gare, dhamma-tittha-yare jiNe. arihaMte kittaissaM, cauvIsaM pi kevalI. usabha-majiaM ca vaMde, saMbhava-mabhiNaMdaNaM ca sumaiM ca. pauma-ppahaM supAsaM, jiNaM ca caMda-ppahaM vaMde. suvihiM ca puppha-daMtaM, sIala-sijjaMsa-vAsu-pujjaM ca. vimala-maNaMtaM ca jiNaM, dhamma saMtiM ca vaMdAmi. kuMthu araM ca malliM, vaMde muNi-suvvayaM nami-jiNaM ca. vaMdAmi riTTha-nemiM, pAsaM taha vaddhamANaM ca.......... ...............4. evaM mae abhithuA, vihya-raya-malA pahINa-jara-maraNA. cau-vIsaM pi jiNavarA, tittha-yarA me pasIyaMtu..............5. kittiya-vaMdiya-mahiyA, je e logassa uttamA siddhA. Arugga-bohi-lAbhaM, samAhi-vara-muttamaM-ditu..... ............... caMdesu nimmala-yarA, Aiccesu ahiyaM payAsa-yarA. sAgara-vara-gaMbhIrA, siddhA siddhiM mama disaMtu.. .............. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Logassa Sutra logassa ujjoa-gare, dhamma-tittha-yare jine. arihante kittaissam, cauvisam pi kevali...... .........1 usabha-majiam ca vande, sambhava-mabhinandanam ca sumaim ca. pauma-ppaham supasam, jinam ca canda-ppaham vande...... ............2. suvihim ca puppha-dantam, siala-sijjamsa-vasu-pujjam ca. vimala-manantam ca jinam, dhammam santim ca vandami. .. kunthum aram ca mallim, vande muni-suvvayam nami-jinam ca. vandami rittha-nemim, pasam taha vaddhamanam ca. ....... . ............ evam mae abhithua, vihuya-raya-mala pahina-jara-marana. cau-visam pi jinavara, tittha-yara me pasiyantu............. ............5. kittiya-vandiya-mahiya, je e logassa uttama siddha. arugga-bohi-labham, samahi-vara-muttamam-dintu.........6. candesu nimmala-yara, aiccesu ahiyam payasa-yara. sagara-vara-gambhira, siddha siddhim mama disantu. ....7. Meaning Oh, Arihantas (Tirthankaras)! You are shedding divine light on the entire universe. Founders of divine laws and conqueror of inner enemies, I praise you, Oh omniscient, the twenty-four Tirthankaras. I bow to Rishabha-dev, Ajitnath, Sambhavnath, Abhinandan, Sumatinath, Padmaprabha, Suparshva, and Chandraprabhu. I bow to Suvidhinath or Pushpadanta, Shitalnath, Shreyansnath, Vasupujya, Vimalnath, Anantnath, Dharmanath, and Shantinath. I bow to Kunthunath, Aranath, Mallinath, Munisuvrat-swami, and Naminath. 40 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL I bow to Arista Neminath, Parshvanath, and Vardhaman (Mahavirswami). I praise the Arihantas who have eliminated all karma that obstruct the true qualities of soul, and thereby are free from the cycle of birth and death. These are the twenty-four Tirthankaras (Jinas) that bless me. Oh, Arihantas! You are praised, bowed to, and whole-heartedly worshipped. You are the purest souls in the universe. Grant me divine energy and Right Conviction (Bodhi Samyaktva) and the highest state of consciousness. You are purer than the moon and more brilliant than the sun. You are deeper than the oceans. Please assist me to attain perfection. 2.2 Qualities of Tirthankars - Namutthunam Sutra This Sutra enumerates the virtues of a Tirthankar and offers obeisance to all Tirthankaras. The king of heavenly beings (devas) Shakrendra recites this Sutra at the time of conception and birth of a Tirthankar. This Sutra is also known as 'Shakra Stava' Sutra .......... namutthu NaM sUtra: namutthu NaM, arihaMtANaM, bhagavaMtANaM. Ai-garANaM, tittha-yarANaM, sayaM-saMbuddhANaM. purisuttamANaM, purisa-sIhANaM, purisa-vara-puMDarIANaM, purisa-vara-gaMdha-hatthINaM. loguttamANaM, loga-nAhANaM, loga-hiANaM, loga-paIvANaM, loga-pajjoa-garANaM.. abhaya-dayANaM, cakkhu-dayANaM, magga-dayANaM, saraNa-dayANaM, bohi-dayANaM... dhamma-dayANaM, dhamma-desayANaM, dhamma-nAyagANaM, dhamma-sArahINaM, dhamma-vara-cAuraMta-cakkavaTTINaM. .. .............. appaDihaya-vara-nANa-daMsaNa-dharANaM, viyaTTa-chaumANaM............ jiNANaM, jAvayANaM, tinnANaM, tArayANaM, buddhANaM, bohayANaM, mattANaM, moagANaM... savvannUNaM, savva-darisINaM, siva-mayala-marua-maNaMta ............ ............... ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN 41

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL ..........9. ......................4 makkhaya-mavvAbAha-mapuNarAvitti siddhigai-nAmadheyaM OTUT HYCHIT, OHI Pauliui, P731-94VUT... je a aIyA siddhA, je a bhavissaMti-NAgae kAle. saMpai a vaTTamANA, savve ti-viheNa vaMdAmi. ................10. Nammutthunam Sutra: namutthu nam, arihantanam, bhagavantanam............... ai-garanam, tittha-yaranam, sayam-sambuddhanam. ......2. purisuttamanam, purisa-sihanam, purisa-varapundarianam, purisa-vara-gandha-hatthinam.. .................3. loguttamanam, loga-nahanam, loga-hianam, loga-paivanam, loga-pajjoa-garanam......... abhaya-dayanam, cakkhu-dayanam, magga-dayanam, sarana-dayanam, bohi-dayanam. dhamma-dayanam, dhamma-desayanam, dhamma-nayaganam, dhamma-sarahinam, dhamma-vara-cauranta-cakkavattinam. appadihaya-vara-nana-dansana-dharanam, viyatta-chaumanam.... jinanam, javayanam, tinnanam, tarayanam, buddhanam, bohayanam, muttanam, moaganam. .............8. savvannunam, savva-darisinam, siva-mayala-maruamananta-makkhaya-mawabaha-mapunaravitti siddhigai-namadheyam thanam sampattanam, namo jinanam, jia-bhayanam. ......... je a aiya siddha, je a bhavissanti-nagae kale. sampai a vattamana, savve ti-vihena vandami. ..............10 Meaning I bow to the Arihanta Bhagavants. I bow to the Jinas, the Tirthankaras, and the self-enlightened ones. I bow to the best among men, the lions among men, the best lotus among men, and the highest species of elephants among men. I bow to the best in the world, the guides of the world, the benefactors of the world, and the enlighteners of the world. 12 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL I bow to the liberators from fear, the givers of vision, the givers of the path, the givers of refuge, the givers of right conviction, and the givers of enlightenment. I bow to the givers of law, the preachers of law, the masters of law, the leaders of law, the world monarchs of law, and those who are the best in all four directions. I bow to those who are liberated from the bondage of false knowledge, who are the holders of unrestricted and ultimate knowledge and faith, who in this world are the light, the liberators, the refuge, and the movers and givers of rest. I bow to those who are the victors and the givers of victory, the saviors and the saved, the givers of enlightenment and the enlightened, and the givers of liberation and the liberated. I bow to the all-knowing, all-seeing Jinas, who have conquered fear and who have attained the blissful, stable, formless, infinite, imperishable, unobstructed, and eternally perfect state and existence. I bow to Bhagavan Mahavir, the last Tirthankar, whose arrival was determined by the preceding Tirthankars. I pay homage and I bow to Bhagawan, and may the Revered Bhagawan cast his gracious glances at me here. 2.3 Prayer to Lord Tirthankar - Jaya Viyaraya Sutra Jaya Viyaraya Sutra is also known as Pranidhana Sutra which denotes a state of ecstasy. It relates to an act in which the physical, mental and spiritual faculties together are sincerely praying to Lord Tirthankar. (Note - First 4 sutras represent Tirthankar prayers. The 5th Sutra is added after 13h century and it not a prayer and hence it is eliminated) JY DERN! HE: jaya vIyarAya! jaga-guru!, hou mamaM tuha ppabhAvao bhayavaM!. 97a-Pacd3t HIJUPHIR3T 584c-PAGI. ........... ...........1. loga-viruddha-ccAo guru-jaNa-pUA parattha-karaNaM ca. suha-guru-jogo tavvayaNa-sevaNA A-bhavamakhaMDA. .................2. vArijjai jai vi niyANa-baMdhaNaM vIyarAya! tuha samaye. de HH EJUH AIT, od de JATT.............3. dukkha-kkhao kamma-kkhao, samAhi-maraNaM ca bohi-lAbho a. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL H4555 HE T3I, TE JIE! MUTH- CUTUT...................4. Jaya Viyaraya! Sutra: jaya viyaraya! jaga-guru!, hou mamam tuha ppabhavao bhayavam! bhava-nivveo magganusaria itthaphala-siddhi. .............1. loga-viruddha-ccao guru-jana-pua parattha-karanam ca. suha-guru-jogo tavvayana-sevana a-bhavamakhanda.....2. varijjai jai vi niyana-bandhanam viyaraya! tuha samaye. taha vi mama hujja seva, bhave bhave tumha calananam. ....... .......3. dukkha-kkhao kamma-kkhao, samahi-maranam ca bohi-labho a. sampajjau maha eam, tuha naha! panama-karanenam....4. Meaning Oh! Vitaraga (one who is beyond attachment and aversion) Tirthankar, Oh! Spiritual leader of the universe, through your grace and blessings, I can be free from worldly life and follow the path of right conduct in order to attain liberation. I will lead a life of high morals and ethics, become respectful to and take good care of Guru Maharaj and elderly people, be of service to others, and find the right spiritual leader and adopt his teachings. Oh! Vitaraga Parmatma (Tirthankar), I am aware of the fact that your teachings advise against serving you, receiving your blessings, and asking anything from you. In spite of this, I am bowing down to you and I wish to be of service to you, for this life and all my future lives. Oh Vitaraga Parmatma, by virtue of your grace, let my unhappiness and Karmas be destroyed. Let me remain equanimous at the time of death and have the right faith in your teachings. 44 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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3.0 3rd Essential: Vandana - Respecting Ascetics The monks who have left all their worldly possessions are our religious guides and we bow to them. PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 3.1 Bowing to Ascetics - Ichchhami Khamasamano Sutra Different sects recite different sutras when one bows to an Ascetic. We have included two such sutras. Ichchhami Khamasamano Sutra This sutra is recited by members of the Shvetambar Murtipujak sect. This Sutra is also known as Panchang Pranipat Sutra as this Sutra is recited while offering obeisance in a specific posture where five body parts, namely two hands, two knees and the forehead, touch the floor together. This Sutra is recited in front of an ascetic at an Upashray (temporary living place for monks) for a total of two times. During the Pratikraman ritual one must stand up and perform the ritual as indicated and recite the sutra two times to the symbolized Guru (The same sutra is recited three times in front of a Tirthankar idol at the temple). khamAsamaNa sUtra: icchAmi khamA-samaNo! vaMdiraM, jAvaNijjAe nisIhiAe, matthaeNa vaMdAmi. Khamasamana Sutra icchami khama-samano! vandium, javanijjae nisihiae, matthaena vandami. Meaning With all my strength and renouncing all wrongful acts, I bow my head to the Tirthankars or Ascetics. icchakAra sUtra .1. 3.2 Wellness of Guru - Icchakara sutra This sutra is recited while offering obeisance to Guru Maharaj. In this Sutra, a devotee inquires about Guruji's well-being, so it is known as Guru Sukha Shata Sutra. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN icchakAra suha-rAi ? (suha-devasi?) sukha-tapa ? zarIra-nirAbAdha ? sukha-saMjama yAtrA - nirvahate ho jI ? svAmi ! zAtA hai jI ? AhAra- pAnI kA lAbha denA jI. ..1. 45

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Icchakara sutra icchakara suha-rai? (suha-devasi?) sukha-tapa? sarira-nirabadha? sukha-sanjama-yatra-nirvahate ho ji? svami! sata hai ji? ahara-pani ka labha dena ji... Meaning Oh! Guruji! With your permission I kindly wish to know, if you were comfortable during last night (or day)? Is your penance going well? Are you free of sickness and pain? Is your journey in ascetic life free of obstacles? Oh! Guruji, are you doing well? Please kindly oblige me by accepting my alms. 3.3 Ascetics Forgiveness Sutra - Abbhutthio Sutra By reciting this sutra, we ask for forgiveness for any bad manners shown towards ascetics. abbhaTThiomi sUtra: icchA-kAreNa saMdisaha bhagavan ! abbhuDhiomi, abhiMtara-devasiaM khAmeuM ? icchaM, khAmemi devasiaM. jaM kiMci apattiaM, para-pattiaM; bhatte, pANe; viNae, veyAvacce; AlAve, saMlAve; uccAsaNe, samAsaNe; aMtara-bhAsAe, uvari-bhAsAe; jaM kiMci majjha viNaya-parihINaM, suhumaM vA, bAyaraM vA; tubbhe jANaha, ahaM na jANAmi; tassa micchA mi dukkaDaM. . Abbhutthiomi Sutra: iccha-karena sandisaha bhagavan ! abbhutthiomi, abbhintara-devasiam khameum? iccham, khamemi devasiam. jam kinciapattiam, para-pattiam; bhatte, pane; vinae, veyavacce; alave, samlave; uccasane, samasane; antara-bhasae, uvari-bhasae; jam kinci majjha vinaya-parihinam, suhumam va, bayaram va; tubbhe janaha, aham na janami; 46 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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tassa miccha mi dukkadam. Meaning Oh! Respected Guru Maharaj, I may have caused unhappiness to you in regard to serving food or water. I may not have taken proper care of you. I may have disrespected you by sitting at a higher level than you or at the same level as you. I may have interrupted you while you were talking, talked back to you, or tried to prove you wrong. I may have exhibited rudeness to you without my awareness. PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL I beg your pardon for all the wrongdoings that I may have committed during the day. 3.4 Bowing to Ascetics - Tikhutto Sutra Tikhutto Sutra This sutra is recited when a person bows to an ascetic of the Sthanakavasi or Terapanthi sect. It is recited in a specific posture while standing with hands folded together in the prayer position. While in the prayer position, rotate hands clockwise three times, one time for each of the first three words of the sutra. tikkhutto sUtra: tikkhutto: AyAhINaM, payAhINaM, karemi, vaMdAmi, nama'sAmi, sakkAremi, sammANemi, kallANaM, maMgalaM, devIyAyaM, ceIyAyaM, pajjuvA-sAmi, matthaeNa vaMdAmi. Tikhutto Sutra: tikhutto; ayahinam, payahinam, karemi, vandami, namam-sami, sakkaremi, sammanemi; kallanam, mangalam, deviyam, cheyiyam; pajjuwa-sami, maththen vandami.. .1. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN .1. Meaning As I turn my hands clockwise three times; I worship, I bow, I respect, and I honor you. You are divine. You are the remover of obstacles. You are like a God. You are an ocean of knowledge. I serve you; I bow my head to my Guru. 47

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 4.0 4th Essential: Pratikraman - Repentance and Forgiveness 4.1 Repentance of all Sins - Samvatsaria Padikkamane Thaum? This is known as the Pratikraman sutra. In this sutra we repent in brief for all our bad deeds done by our actions, thoughts, and speech during the past year. saMvatsaria (devasia) paDikkamaNe ThAuM? sUtra icchA-kAreNa saMdisaha bhagavan! saMvatsaria (devasia) foHut 15? (foto Holstes, savvassa vi saMvatsaria (devasia), ducciMtia, GCHIA3, grezle34, PATEICH garchs...................... Samvatsaria (Devasia) Padikkamane Sutra Iccha-karena sandisaha bhagavan! Samvatsaria (or devasia) padikkamane thaum? (padikkameha) iccham, savvassa vi Samvatsaria (or devasia), duccintia, dubbhasia, duccitthia, miccha mi dukkadam. ........... 1.a Meaning Oh! Forgiving Gurudev, may I have your kind permission to repent all my sins which I may have committed during the year (or day)? (Yes, you may). I will now do it now. I ask for forgiveness of all my bad thoughts, bad speech, and bad actions of the year (or day). 4.2 Repentance of Sins to all Living Beings - Sata Lakha Sutra Jain literature indicates that in the universe, there exist 8.4 million (84 lakhs) different forms of life based on their birth location. Their classifications are defined in Sata Lakha Sutra. We request for forgiveness from all such living beings for our sinful activities towards them and we forgive them for their sinful activities towards us. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL sAta lAkha sAta lAkha pRthvIkAya, sAta lAkha apkAya, sAta lAkha teukAya, sAta lAkha vAukAya, dasa lAkha pratyeka vanaspatikAya, caudaha lAkha sAdhAraNa vanaspati-kAya, do lAkha dvIMdriya, do lAkha trIMdriya, do lAkha cauriMdriya, cAra lAkha devatA, cAra lAkha nArakI, cAra lAkha tiryaMca paMceMdriya, caudaha lAkha manuSya isa taraha caurAsI lAkha jIva-yoni meM se mere jIva ne jo koI jIva-hiMsA kI ho, karAyI ho, karate hue kA anumodana kiyA ho, una saba kA mana-vacana-kAyA se micchA mi dukkaDa. ................1. Sata Lakha sata lakha prthvikaya, sata lakha apkaya, sata lakha teukaya, sata lakha vaukaya, dasa lakha pratyeka vanaspati-kaya, caudaha lakha sadharana vanaspati-kaya, do lakha dvindriya, do lakha trindriya, do lakha caurindriya, cara lakha devata, cara lakha naraki, cara lakha tiryanca pancendriya, caudaha lakha manusya-- isa taraha caurasi lakha jiva-yoni mem se mere jiva ne jo koi jiva-himsa ki ho, karayi ho, karate hue ka anumodana kiya ho, una saba ka mana-vacana-kaya se micchami dukkadam....................1. Meaning Jain literature indicates that in the universe, there exist 8.4 million (84 lakhs) different forms of life based on their birth location. They are classified as follows: Seven lakhs (700,000) forms of living beings with earth as its body Seven lakhs (700,000) forms of living beings with water as its body Seven lakhs (700,000) forms of living beings with fire as its body ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Seven lakhs (700,000) forms of living beings with air as its body Ten lakhs (1,000,000) forms of above-ground vegetation with one soul in every independent living body Fourteen lakhs (1,400,000) forms of below-ground vegetation with multiple souls in every independent living body, Two lakhs (200,000) forms of living beings with two sense organs, Two lakhs (200,000) forms of living beings with three sense organs, Two lakhs (200,000) forms of living beings with four sense organs, Four lakhs (400,000) forms of heavenly beings, Four lakhs (400,000) forms of living beings of hell, Four lakhs (400,000) forms of animals with five sense organs, Fourteen lakhs (1,400,000) forms of human beings Out of eighty four lakhs (8.4 million) forms of living beings, if I may have hurt any living beings, have caused others to hurt them, encouraged others to hurt them, or praised those that hurt them, either by thoughts, words, and/or actions, I ask forgiveness for all such sinful activities. I forgive all living beings, may all living beings forgive me, I am friendly to all, and I have enmity for none. 4.3 Atonement of Eighteen Sins - 18 Papsthanak Sutra We acquire bad (Papa) karma by doing various sinful activities. This sutra indicates that all our sinful activities can be classified into 18 different categorizes, and we ask for forgiveness of such sinful activities. aThAraha pApasthAna pahalA prANAtipAta, dUsarA mRSAvAda, tIsarA adattA-dAna, cauthA maithuna, pAMcavAM parigraha, chaThA krodha, sAtavAM mAna, AThavAM mAyA, nauvAM lobha, dasavAM rAga, gyArahavAM dveSa, bArahavAM kalaha, terahavAM abhyAkhyAna, caudahavAM paizunya, pandrahavAM rati-arati, solahavAM para-parivAda, satrahavAM ARI-H9-21G, HORECT 127116-4-- 50 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL ina aThAraha pApa-sthAnoMmeM se mere jIva ne jisa kisI pApa kA sevana kiyA ho, karAyA ho, karate hue kA anumodana kiyA ho, 30 HA BT Hal-d -ORT A CET TA Goros..........1. Atharaha Papasthana pahala pranatipata, dusara mrsavada, tisara adatta-dana, cautha maithuna, pancavam parigraha, chatha krodha, satavam mana, Athavam maya, nauvam lobha, dasavam raga, gyarahavam dvesa, barahavam kalaha, terahavam abhyakhyana, caudahavam paisunya, pandrahavam rati-arati, solahavam para-parivada, satrahavam maya-mrsa-vada, atharahavam mithyatva-salya -- ina atharaha papa-sthano-me se mere jiva ne jisa kisi papa ka sevana kiya ho, karaya ho, karate hue ka anumodana kiya ho, una saba ka mana-vacana-kaya se miccha mi dukkadam....................1. Meaning In our life we may come across many sinful activities. Jain literature has classified them into the following eighteen categories and we repent for indulging in any of them: prANAtipAta Pranatipat To hurt or kill any living being (Violence) 2 Higg Mrisa-vada To lie 3 316 CATEGIC A-datta-dana To steal Maithuna Sensuous indulgence or unchastity 4 Hot | parigraha Parigraha Accumulation of wealth and power 6 shtet Krodha Anger HOT mAna Mana 1? Ego mAyA Maya Deceit or deception ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Lobha Greed 9 10 11 Raga Attachment or craving TTT To cdo kalaha Dvesa Resentment or aversion 12 Kalah abhyAkhyAna Abhyakhyana Disputes or quarrelling Allegation or false accusation Slander and backbiting Paisunya 14 15 16 dagars fa-upa 97-4Raia Rati-arati Para-parivada Liking and disliking Being happy in sinful activities and unhappy in virtuous activities and gossiping. To lie maliciously 17 Maya-mrisavada HR-491vAda Hz1cdzalya 18 Mithyatva-salya To have false perception or to believe in materialist god, guru or religion If I have committed any of the sinful acts personally, have caused others to commit them, or have appreciated them being committed by others, mentally, verbally or physically, I repent and ask for forgiveness. Do Kausagga (Meditation) of 4 Namaskar Sutra Rollow That with the help of which we can know the truth, control the restless mind, and purify the soul is called knowledge. Mahavira (Mulachar, 5/70) 52 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 4.4 Atichar - Minor Violations of Lay people's Vows Reflecting on Atichar of Lay people's Vows Jainism emphasizes that every Jain should practice the twelve basic vows of lay people based on their ability. However sometimes knowingly or unknowingly one violates these vows. Such violations are classified as follows: Atichar - Minor violation Anachara - Major or gross violation If the violation is of the minor nature, then one should request for the forgiveness of such violations and repent that one would not violate in future. However if the violation is of major classification then one needs to reinstate the vows again in the presence of a Guru and community. Now we will reflect on the past Atichar of the twelve basic vows of lay people and meditate in silence on the Jain prayer "Namaskar Sutra" as indicated. Atichar of Five Main Vows of Limited Nature - Anuvratas 1. Atichar of Ahimsa (Non-violence) Vow I may have committed violence towards others and toward myself in thoughts, words, or action. * I may have encouraged or appreciated violence in others. * I may have imposed my thoughts on others. I may have manipulated someone. I may have spoken harshly. I may have unnecessarily wasted resources of earth, water, fire, air, or vegetation. I may have used dairy and other by-products of an animal that has not been properly cared for. I may not have given shelter to human beings and animals in need. * I may have been selfish, competitive, insecure, and fearful. I may have taken harmful substances such as illicit drugs, liquor, and unhealthy foods. I may have exposed my mind to violence by watching movies, reading books, or associating with bad company. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN 53

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL I sincerely repent and ask forgiveness from all living beings for my above faults, which I may have committed knowingly or unknowingly. Tassa Michchhami Dukkadam. 2. Atichar of Satya (Truthfulness) Vow * I may have been untruthful toward others and myself, in thoughts, words, or action. I may have encouraged or appreciated non-truthfulness in others. I may have spread rumors, disclosed someone's secrets, or breached someone's trust. * * * * * * I may have spoken the truth in such a way that it created violence, pain or hostility in others. I sincerely repent and ask forgiveness from all living beings for my above faults, which I may have committed knowingly or unknowingly. Tassa Michchhami Dukkadam. 3. Atichar of Asteya (Non-stealing) Vow * I may have stolen or taken what was not rightfully mine. * * * I may have exaggerated or distorted facts for my personal gain. I may have used obscene or mean language. I may have used flattery or acted pretentiously to get what I wanted. * 54 I may have encouraged or appreciated stealing from others by thoughts, words, or action. I may have accepted or offered a bribe, committed fraud, smuggled goods, sold illegal goods, or violated government rules relating to taxes, imports, and exports. I sincerely repent and ask forgiveness from all living beings for my above faults, which I may have committed knowingly or unknowingly. Tassa Michchhami Dukkadam. I may have cheated on quantity or quality of goods that I sold. I may have caused anger, pain, or even death to someone by depriving them of their own property. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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4. Atichar of Brahmacharya (Chastity) Vow * I may not have controlled my five senses from sensual pleasures. * * * * * * * * PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL * I may have encouraged, appreciated, or instigated lustfulness in others. I sincerely repent and ask forgiveness from all living beings for my above faults, which I may have committed knowingly or unknowingly. * I may not have avoided pleasures of the five senses in thoughts, words, or actions. Tassa Michchhami Dukkadam. Recite 4 Namaskar sutra in silence while reflecting on ways in which you may have violated the vow of Chastity. * I may have been unfaithful to my own spouse in thought, word, or deeds. 5. Atichar of Aparigraha: (Non-Possessiveness) Vow * I may have been possessive, in thoughts, words, or action. I may have encouraged or appreciated possessiveness in others. I may have been greedy and had many attachments to other people or things. I may have engaged in premarital and extramarital relations. I may have intensified passions by consuming intoxicating substances like alcohol and illicit drugs. I may have watched provocative movies or shows, read provocative magazines or books, or listened to provocative songs or talk. I may accumulate possessions of no use, and I may have purchased some possessions just for enjoyment rather than my need. I may have accumulated real estate property, garments, jewelry, housewares, furniture and any other personal items beyond my need. I may have made more than customary profit in business or service. I sincerely repent and ask forgiveness from all living beings for all my above faults which I may have committed knowingly or unknowingly. Tassa Michchhami Dukkadam. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN 55

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Recite 4 Namaskar sutra in silence while reflecting on ways in which you may have violated the five main vows of limited nature. Atichar of Three Merit Vows - Guna-vratas 6. Atichar of Dik Vrata (Vow of Limited Area of Activity) * I may have exceeded the limits which I may have set for traveling or communication for social or business purposes. * I may have shortened my limits in one direction in order to extend them in another direction. I may have used a car or other vehicle excessively or unnecessarily. I sincerely repent and ask forgiveness from all living beings for my above faults, which I may have committed knowingly or unknowingly. Tassa Michchhami Dukkadam. 7. Atichar of Bhoga-Upbhoga Vrata (Vow of Limited Use of Consumable and Non-consumable goods) * I may have exceeded my preset limit for the use of consumable items like beverages, food items, vegetables, and fruits. I may have exceeded my preset limit for the use of nonconsumable goods like clothes, cosmetics, ornaments, number of vehicles, and footwear. I may have consumed food that is obtained or cooked in a cruel manner. I may have consumed food in which there is less to eat and more to discard. I may have been involved in occupations dealing with large scale destruction of animal life, pollution of the environment and natural resources, trading or renting of animals and birds, animal testing, leather, fur, ivory, silk, down, wool, pearls, meat, honey, liquor, pesticides, and toxic substances. I sincerely repent and ask forgiveness from all living beings for my above faults, which I may have committed knowingly or unknowingly. Tassa Michchhami Dukkadam. 56 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 8. Atichar of Anartha-danda Vrata (Vow of Avoidance of Purposeless Sins) * I may have thought or spoke evil of others with or without any reason. I may have been inconsiderate to other living beings while walking, such as walking on grass, plucking flowers/leaves unnecessarily, or engaging in other harmful and purposeless activities. I may have been careless in my ordinary behavior, like leaving beverage or leftover food containers open or keeping lamps and stoves burning which may hurt or kill small living beings and waste energy. I may have meditated on evil, cruel, or mournful thoughts, engaged in meaningless talk or gossip, or engaged in purposeless listening, reading, or viewing of shows. I may not have supported righteous or good activities. I may have been directly or indirectly involved in manufacturing, selling, or distributing weapons and devices that cause violence. * I may have unnecessarily left electronics on, wasting energy. I sincerely repent and ask forgiveness from all living beings for my above faults, which may have committed knowingly or unknowingly. Tassa Michchhami Dukkadam. Recite 4 Namaskar sutra in silence while reflecting on ways in which you may have violated the three Merit vows. Atichar of Four Disciplinary Vows - Shiksha-vratas 9. Atichar of Samayika Vrata (Vow of Meditation of Limited Duration) * I may have violated my vow of Samayika by not staying in the state of equanimity or meditation for its duration of 48 minutes. I may have violated the vow of Samayika by not being vigilant and and/or separating myself from worldly affairs. * I may not have maintained spiritual harmony of body, mind and speech during Samayika. I sincerely repent and ask forgiveness from all living beings for my above faults, which may have committed knowingly or unknowingly. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN 57

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Tassa Michchhami Dukkadam 10. Atichar of Desavakasika-vrata (Vow of Activity of Limiting Space) * I may have violated the space limit I have imposed on my area of activities. I may have violated the time limit that I have imposed on the quantity of consumable and non-consumable goods. I sincerely repent and ask forgiveness from all living beings for my above faults, which may have committed knowingly or unknowingly. Tassa Michchhami Dukkadam. 11. Atichar of Paushadha Vrata (Vow of Living an Ascetic's Life of Limited Duration) I may have violated any of the five ascetic's great vows during my vow to follow an ascetic life for a limited duration. I may have lived an Ascetic life for worldly gain. I may have been careless during the period of my ascetic life and thereby caused harm to living beings while receiving food, walking, sitting or handling objects. I may not have spent all of my time in spiritual pursuits, and may have engaged in worldly affairs or displayed passions. * I may not have restrained mental, vocal, or physical faculties. * I may not have done Paushadha on auspicious days. I sincerely repent and ask forgiveness from all living beings for my above faults, which may have committed knowingly or unknowingly. Tassa Michchhami Dukkadam. 12. Atichar of Atithi Samvibhaga Vrata (Vow of Charity) I may have been careless or insensitive in giving food, clothes, shelter, and medicines to ascetics and needy people. I may have served food, clothes, or other things without respect, faith, devotion, contentment, or enthusiasm. I may have done community service only out of obligation. I may have offered food and other items with ill will, jealousy, and ego and for worldly gain. I may not have offered needed items to ascetics even though had the ability to do so. 58 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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* I may not have taken care of needy people and donated to them in spite of being able to do so. I sincerely repent and ask forgiveness from all living beings for my above faults, which I may have committed knowingly or unknowingly. PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Tassa Michchhami Dukkadam. Recite 4 Namaskar sutra in silence while reflecting on ways in which you may have violated the four Disciplinary vows. 4.5 General Atonement While atoning for my sins, I bow to the twenty-four Tirthankars of the present era and to all the Tirthankars present anywhere in the universe. The Arihantas, Siddhas, Ascetics, Scriptures, and the religion preached by Tirthankars are blissful. Let the enlightened entities bestow peace and right conviction on me so that I can faithfully practice such religion. Sadhus and Sadhvis follow five great vows of conduct and do not commit any sinful activities with their thoughts, speech or bodies, nor do they cause others to do the same, nor do they praise others who commit sinful activity. While atoning for my sins I bow down to all such ascetics, present anywhere in the universe. There may be many other violations of the twelve vows of lay people. If I have missed any of those violations during this Pratikraman, I sincerely repent and ask for forgiveness from all living beings for such faults, which I may have committed knowingly or unknowingly. I have risen to observe the twelve vows, and I am trying to be free of all obstacles I hope to spend my days in contemplation of such great religious principles and destroy my prior sins. Thus I have repented my Atichar in front of a Guru and Community, and appropriately atoned myself for the lapses and wrong deeds by mind, speech and body. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN 59

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 4.6 Universal Forgiveness to All Khamemi Savve Jiva Sutra By means of this sutra, we ask for forgiveness from all living beings of the universe and we also grant forgiveness to all living beings of the universe. In this way a relationship of mutual forgiveness and friendship is developed among all living beings. This is the true essence of the Jain religion. Recite the following sutra three times khAmemi savvajIve sUtra: khAmemi savvajIve, savve jIvA khamaMtu me / Act A Hoa HH, SH Host a Dus 1................1. Khamemi savve jiva sutra: khamemi savve jiva, savve jiva khamantu me, mitti me sawva bhuyesu, veram majha na kenai.. ............ Meaning I forgive all living beings, May all living beings forgive me. My friendship is with all living beings, My enmity is nonexistent. At this time ask for forgiveness from everybody: friends, family, neighbors, and all living beings, especially from those with whom we may have had a problem and hard feelings. Everyone recite together Michchha Mi Dukkadam to Every One Michchha Mi Dukkadam to the Entire Community Michchha Mi Dukkadam to All Living Beings of the Entire Universe sollen 60 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Acharya Scripture Upadhyay Forgiveness Poem Forgiveness is letting go of the pain and accepting what has happened, because it will not change. Forgiveness is dismissing the blame. Choices were made that caused the hurt; we each could have chosen differently, but we didn't. Forgiveness is looking at the pain, learning the lessons it has produced, and understanding what we have learned. Forgiveness allows us to move on towards a better understanding of universal love and our true purpose. Forgiveness is knowing that love is the answer to all questions, and that we all are in some way connected. Forgiveness is starting over with the knowledge that we have gained. I forgive you, and I forgive myself. I hope you can do the same. -Poem by Judith Mammay ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 5.0 5th Essential: Kayotsarga - Meditation in a Yoga Posture Introspection and Kayotsarga - Arihanta-ceiyanam Sutra After requesting forgiveness from all living beings of the universe, the next step is to discipline oneself in order to avoid future sins. This is done via Kayotsarga (meditation in motionless body) and introspection (meditating on a Jain prayer). This meditation also helps to get rid of our past bad karmas. arihaMta-ceiyANaM sUtra: arihaMta-ceiyANaM, karemi kAussaggaM... vaMdaNa-vattiAe, pUaNa-vattiAe, sakkAra-vattiAe, sammANa-vattiAe, bohi-lAbha-vattiAe, niruvasagga-vattiAe. ................2. saddhAe, mehAe, dhiIe, dhAraNAe, aNuppehAe vaDDhamANIe, ThAmi kAussaggaM. Arihanta-ceiyanam Sutra: arihanta-ceiyanam, karemi kaussaggam......... vandana-vattiae, puana-vattiae, sakkara-vattiae, sammana-vattiae, bohi-labha-vattiae, niruvasagga-vattiae.... saddhae, mehae, dhiie, dharanae, anuppehae vaddhamanie, thami kaussaggam. ........ ................3. laM nakala Meaning Oh Arihant Bhagwan! I wish to undertake Kayotsarga in front of the omniscient Lord's image, and to bow to you, worship you, to respect you, to attain true wisdom and to the removal of my affliction. | undertake this Kayotsarga with ever increasing level of conviction, intellect, patience, determination and contemplation. annattha sUtra annattha-UsasieNaM, nIsasieNaM, khAsieNaM, chIeNaM, jaMbhAieNaM, 62 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL uDDueNaM, vAya-nisaggeNaM, bhamalIe, pitta-mucchAe.. suhumehiM aMga-saMcAlehiM, suhumehiM khela-saMcAlehiM, suhumehiM diTThi-saMcAlehiM. evamAiehiM AgArehiM, a-bhaggo a-virAhio, hujja me kAussaggo. jAva arihaMtANaM bhagavaMtANaM, namukkAreNaM na pAremi. tAva kArya ThANeNaM moNeNaM jhANeNaM, appANaM vosirAmi.. Annattha Sutra hujja me kaussaggo.. java arihantanam bhagavantanam, namukkarenam na paremi. tava kayam thanenam monenam jhanenam, appanam vosirami.......... .1. .2. annattha-usasienam, nisasienam, khasienam, chienam, jambhaienam, udduenam, vaya-nisaggenam, bhamalie, pitta-mucchae..1. suhumehim amga-sancalehim, suhumehim khelasancalehim, suhumehim ditthi-sancalehim. ............................. evamaiehim agarehim, a-bhaggo a-virahio, .3. .4. .5. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN .2. .3. .4. .5. I will now meditate in a complete motionless posture (Kayotsarga) for a specified duration. I will remain motionless except for breathing, coughing, sneezing, yawning, belching, involuntarily losing balance, vomiting, fainting, subtle flickering movements of eyes and other involuntary bodily movements. I will meditate and keep myself (my soul) away from all sinful activities by keeping my body motionless and observing complete silence. At the conclusion of meditation, I will complete the Kayotsarga by offering salutations to Arihanta. Note: - The proper posture for meditation is to sit or stand-up straight, with eyes half open, and focused on the scripture located in the center on Sthapana and recite the Namaskar Sutra in silence. If you cannot keep your eyes half-open, then keep them fully closed. Do Kausagga (Meditation) of 12 Namaskar Sutra in silent meditation and remain in a motionless posture. 63

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 6.0 6th Essential: Religious Vows - Pratyakhyana At this time, we need to take one or more specific vows; such as to participate in virtuous activities and to control our desires. This is known as Pratyakhyana or Pachchakhana. The duration of vows can be one hour, one evening, one day, one year or longer. Following are examples of vows that someone can take: 6.1 Personal Improvement Vows Doing penance such as eating only one meal a day, eating no meals for a day, drinking boiled water only, or not eating at night. Doing charity, social, or religious work for a set amount of time each week or each month. Not disrespecting or getting angry with parents, children, relatives, and friends. Not talking in class or during prayer. 6.2 Spiritual Vows * Doing Samayika daily, weekly, or monthly. Doing Pratikraman daily, weekly, or monthly. * Going to Pathashala regularly. 6.3 Day-to-Day Vows * Not eating sweets or junk food * Not drinking soft drinks, or alcoholic beverages Not watching TV, sports and other shows non One should not speak unless asked to do so. One should not disturb others in conversation. One should not back-bite and indulge in fraudulent untruth. Mahavira (Dasavaikalika, 8/46) 64 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 7.0 Reflections 7.1 Reflection on Our True Teacher (Sadguru) By reciting the following sutras we respect our true teacher and his/her qualities. je svarUpa samajyA vinA, pAmyo duHkha anaMta; samajAvyuM te pada namuM, zrI sadgurU bhagavaMta. je svaroop samajya vina pamyo dukha anant; samajavyu te pad namu, shri sadguru bhagavant. I bow to the feet of the Holy Teacher, who explained the true nature of the Soul; without its understanding, I suffered infinite misery. AtmajJAna samadarzitA, vicare udayaprayoga; apUrva vANI paramazruta, sadagurU lakSaNa yogya. atma-jnan samadarshita vichare uday-prayog apurv vani param-shrut sadguru lakshan yogya. The admirable qualities of the Holy Teacher are self-realization, equanimity, compassion, pious speech, and the knowledge of the highest scriptures. He lives worldly life without any attachment or aversion. deha chatAM jenI dazA, varte dehAtIta; te jJAnInA caraNamAM, ho vaMdana agaNita. deh chhata jeni dasha, varte dehatit; te gnanina sharanma, ho vandan aganit. I often bow to the feet of the Holy Teacher who lives in a human body, but his actions are beyond all attachments to the body and other worldly relations. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN 65

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 7.2 Reflection on Universal Peace - Upsargah Kshayam Yanti Recitations of the following sutras help to spread peace of all living beings in the universe. upasargAH kSayaM yAnti sUtra: upasargAH kSayaM yAnti, chidyante vighnavallayaH / manaH prasannatAmeti, pUjyamAne jinezvare ||.. .............. Upsargah Kshayam Yanti Sutra upasargah kshayam yanti, chidyante vighna-vallayah. manah prasannatameti, pujyamane jineshvare. ............ All problems get resolved, All obstacles get removed, The heart becomes full of joy, For those who get in touch with the inner higher self. 7.3 Reflection on Universal Friendship - Shivmastu Sarva Recitations of the following sutras help to spread good wishes to all living beings in the universe. zivamastu sarvajagata: sUtra: zivamast sarvajagataH, parahitaniratA bhavantu bhUtagaNAH / att: quia atai, hda Hatuado nich: 11. Shivmastu Sarva Jagatah Sutra shivmastu sarva jagatah, par-hit-nirata bhavantu bhutaganah, doshah prayantu nasham, sarvatra sukhi bhavantu lokah. . ........ 1 May the whole universe be blessed, May all beings engage in each other's well-being, May all weakness, sickness and faults diminish and vanish, May everyone be healthy, prosperous, blissful, and peaceful. 66 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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7.4 Reflection on Spirituality and Pure Consciousness By reciting the following sutras we reflect on the true qualities of our soul. dayA, zAMti, samatA, kSamA, satya, tyAga, vairAgya; hoya mumukSu ghaTa viSe, eha sadAya sujAgya. daya shanti samata kshama, satya, tyag, vairagya, hoya mumukshu ghata vishe, eha sadaya sujagya. The true seeker of eternal peace has seven cardinal virtues, which are compassion, peace, equanimity, forgiveness, truthfulness, renunciation, and non-attachment to worldly relations and objects. These qualities keep him constantly vigilant. kashaya-ni upashanta-ta, matra moksha abhilasha, bhave kheda prani daya, tya atmartha nivasa. PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Where there are no passions like anger, ego, deceit and greed; where there are no worldly desires; where there is compassion for all living beings; and where the only desire is to liberate the self, there is the abode of self-realization. kaSAyanI upazAMtatA, mAtra mokSa abhilASa; bhave kheda, prANIdayA, tyAM AtmArtha nivAsa. raga, dvesha, ajnana e, mukhya karma-ni grantha, thaya nivrutti jeha-thi, te ja mokshano pantha. * rAga, dveSa, ajJAna e, mukhya karmanI graMtha; thAya nivRtti jehathI, te ja mokSano paMtha. Attachment, hatred, and ignorance are the three principal reasons of the bondage of karma to the soul. The path by which stoppage of karma occurs is the path of liberation. * 7.5 Self Contemplation I wish to treat each human being as myself and to treat all other living beings with compassion. Sharing is the most precious religion. * I shall have amity for all, compassion for those below, appreciation for those above, and equanimity for those who do not have the true understanding of the self. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN 67

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL * * * I surrender my attachments and ego and wish to be beyond praise and criticism since these are forms of attachment. I choose my approach, but will not put down others to justify my choice. I do not wish to compare myself with others or criticize others. I will use humor with caution, as it can hurt others or me. I will not make offensive comments towards others or dampen someone else's mood. The ultimate goal of my life is to realize myself, which means total freedom from all attachment and aversion. This freedom is called Liberation, Moksha, or Nirvana. Prayer is the fragrance of a silent heart. Be true to your inner being and all religions are fulfilled. My real self is pure consciousness, which possesses infinite vision, knowledge, power and bliss; and is free of all attachments and aversions. Here and now is the only existence. The spiritual pilgrimage is a flight from alone to alone. Meditation is being in the world but remaining untouched. Meditation is neither a journey in space nor a journey in time but an instantaneous awakening. 68 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 8.0 1st Essential (Part-2): Conclusion of Samayika The prescribed duration of Samayika is 48 minutes. The Karemi Bhante Sutra is recited to take the vow of Samayika while Samaiya Vaya Jutto Sutra is recited to terminate the vow of Samayika. In the last phase, a person concludes the vow of Samayika by reciting the following Sutras. 8.1 Concluding Vows of Samayika - Samaiya-Vayajutto Sutra sAmAiya-vaya-jutto sUtra: sAmAiya-vaya-jutto, jAva maNe hoi niyama-saMjutto. chinnai asuhaM kamma, samAiya jattiA vArA. .................1. sAmAiyammi 3 kae, samaNo iva sAvao havai jamhA. eeNa kAraNeNaM, bahuso sAmAiyaM kujjA. sAmAyika vidhi se liyA, vidhi se pUrNa kiyA, vidhi meM jo koI avidhi haI ho, una sabakA mana-vacana-kAyA se micchA mi dukkaDaM.............3. dasa mana ke, dasa vacana ke, bAraha kAyA ke ina battIsa doSoM meM se jo koI doSa lagA ho, una sabakA mana-vacana-kAyA se micchA mi dakkaDaM............4. samaiya-vaya-jutto sutra: samaiya-vaya-jutto, java mane hoi niyama-sanjutto. chinnai asuham kammam, samaiya jattia vara.... samaiyammi u kae, samano iva savao havai jamha. eena karanenam, bahuso samaiyam kujja. samayika vidhi se liya, vidhi se purna kiya, vidhi mem jo koi avidhi hui ho, una sabaka mana-vacana-kaya se miccha mi dukkadam. ............. dasa mana ke, dasa vacana ke, baraha kaya ke-- ina battisa dosna mem se jo koi dosha laga ho, una sabaka mana-vacana-kaya se miccha mi dukkadam. ......3 ......... ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL Meaning With regard to the vow of Samayika, the following five faults should be avoided: * Faulty thought Faulty speech Faulty bodily activity Forgetfulness of the vow of Samayika Improper performance of Samayika If I have committed any of these faults, I beg forgiveness for them. * * * * The instincts of eating, fear, pleasure, and possessiveness should be avoided during Samayika. If I had any of the four instincts during Samayika, I beg forgiveness for them. 1. During the period of Samayika, if my bodily activities and behavior were improper, if I did not offer complete and proper praise, respect, and worship, and if I did not observe the proper teachings of the omniscient, then may I be forgiven for these faults. 2. I took the vow of Samayika in a proper manner and I completed it as prescribed. Nevertheless, if any impropriety was done, I beg for forgiveness. 3. There are ten faults of mind, ten faults of speech, and twelve faults of body which one may commit during Samayika. Whatever faults I may have committed, I beg forgiveness for them. 4. 70 Sadhus ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN Sadhvis

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PRATIKRAMAN RITUAL 8.2 Guru Utthapana We have completed the Samayika in the presence of a Guru symbolized by a religious book. We need to remove the symbolism so that we can move the religious book to its proper place. Now holding Muhapatti (handkerchief) in the left hand and extending the right hand straight out with your palm turned towards your face, recite the Namaskar Sutra. namaskAra mahAmaMgala sUtra: namo arihaMtANaM / namo siddhANaM / namo AyariyANaM / namo uvajjhAyANaM / namo loe savvasAhUNaM / eso paMca namukkAro | savvapAvappaNAsaNo | maMgalANaM ca savvesiM paDhamaM havai maMgalaM / / Namaskara Mahamangal Sutra namo arihantanam. namo siddhanam. namo ayariyanam. namo uvajjhayanam. namo loe savva-sahunam. eso panca-namukkaro, savva-pava-ppanasano; mangalanam ca savvesim, padhamam havai mangalam. This completes the Samayika ritual and also concludes the entire Pratikraman ritual. After completion, a person may recite some Stavans or Bhajans. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN 71

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STAVANS Stavans - Samaro Mantra Importance of Namaskar Sutra - Samaro Mantra: This song shows the importance of the Namaskar Mangal Sutra, which should be remembered in periods of sorrow and joy. samaro maMtra bhalo: samaro maMtra bhalo navakAra, e che cauda puravano sAra enA mahimAno nahi pAra, eno artha anaMta apAra... samaro sukhamAM samaro, dukhamAM samaro, samaro divasa ne rAta jIvatA samaro, maratAM samaro, samaro sau saMghAta.. samaro jogI samare, bhogI samare, samare rAjA raMka devo samare, dAnava samare, samare sau nizaMka... samaro aDasaTha akSara enA jANo, aDasaTha tIratha sAra.. ATha sampadAthI pramANo, aDasiddhi dAtAra... samaro navapada enA navanidhi Ape, bhavo bhavanA duHkha kApe vIra vacanathI hRdaye thApe, paramAtama pada Ape.... samaro Samaro Mantra Bhalo: samaro mantra bhalo navkar, ye chhe chaud purav no saar. ye na mahima no nahi paar, ye no arth anant apaar. sukh maa samaro, dukh ma samaro, samaro divas ne raat. jeevata samaro, marata samaro, samaro sau sangaath. jogi samare, bhogi samare, samare raaja rank. devo samare, danav samare, samare sau nishank. adasath akshar ye na jaano, adasath teerath saar. aath sampada thi parmaano, ada siddhi daataar. navapad e na nav nidhi aape, bhav bhav naa dukh kaape. veer vachan thi hridaye thaape, paramaatam pad aape. 72 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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STAVANS Universal Friendship Song - Maitri Bhavana maitrI bhAvanA: maitrI bhAvanuM pavitra jharaNuM muja haiyAmAM vahyA kare, zubha thAo A sakaLa vizvanuM evI bhAvanA nitya rahe. guNathI bharelA guNIjana dekhI haiyuM mAjhaM nRtya kare, e saMtonA caraNa kamalamAM, mujha jIvana- arghya rahe. dIna krUra ne dharma vihoNA dekhI dilamAM darda rahe, karuNA bhInI AMkhomAMthI azruno zubha srota vahe. mArga bhUlelA jIvana pathikane, mArga cIMdhavA Ubho rahUM, kare upekSA e mAraganI, to ye samatA citta dharu. citrabhAnunI dharma bhAvanA, haiye sau mAnava lAve, vera jheranA pApa tajIne maMgala gIto e gAve. Maitri Bhavana: maitri bhavanu pavitra zaranu, muj haiya ma vahya kare, shubh thao aa sakal vishvanu, evi bhavana nitya rahe. gunathi bharela gunijana dekhi, haiyu maru nrutya kare, a santo na charan kamal ma, muj jivannu ardhya rahe. din krur ne dharma vihona, dekhi dilma dard rahe, karuna bhini ankho mathi, ashruno shubh shrot vahe. marg bhulela jivan pathik ne, marg chindhava ubho rahu, kare upexa a marag ni, to ye samata chitt dharu. chitrabhanuni dharma bhavana, haiye sau manav lave, ver zer na paap taji ne, mangal geeto sau gave. ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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STAVANS Maitri Bhavana - Meaning: May the sacred stream of friendship flow forever in my heart. May the universe prosper; such is my cherished desire. May my heart sing with ecstasy at the sight of the virtuous. May my life be an offering at their feet. May my heart bleed at the sight of the wretched, the cruel, and the irreligious. May tears of compassion flow from my eyes. May I always be there to show the path to the wanderers of life. Yet if they should not hearken to me, may I bide in patience. May the spirit of goodwill enter all our hearts. May we all sing the immortal song of human harmony in chorus. Do all the good you can, by all the means you can, in all the ways you can, in all the places you can, at all the times you can, to all the people you can, as long as ever you can. - John Wesley Mindfulness is waking up and living in harmony with oneself and with the world and appreciating the fullness of each moment of life. Religion does not guarantee that there shall be no sorrow or suffering. But it does guarantee that there shall be strength to face them calmly. Unknown 74 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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Believe In Yourself Believing in yourself standing for what you believe in regardless of the odds against you and the pressure that tears at your resistance means courage Keeping a smile on your face when from the inside you feel like dying for the sake of supporting others means strength Stopping at nothing and doing what in your heart you know is right means determination Doing more than is expected to make another's life a little more bearable without uttering a single complaint means compassion Helping a friend in need no matter the time or effort to the best of your ability means loyalty Giving more than you have and expecting nothing but gratitude in return means selflessness Holding your head high and being the best you know you can be when life seems to fall apart at your feet and facing each difficulty with the confidence that time will bring you better tomorrows and never giving up means believing in yourself -Poem by Mary Ellen Joseph 94 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN

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A Very Empowering and Thought-provoking Poem Slow Dance Don't dance so fast, the time is short The music won't last. You better slow down ......You better slow down. Have you ever watched kids, on a merry go round? Or listened to the rain, slapping on the ground? ......You better slow down. Ever followed a butterfly's erratic flight? Or gazed at the sun into the fading night? ...... You better slow down. Do you run through each day on the fly? When you ask how are you? Do you hear the reply? ....... You better slow down. When the day is done! do you lie in your bed With the next hundred chores, running through your head? ... You better slow down Ever told your child, we'll do it tomorrow? And in your haste, not see his sorrow? You better slow down. Ever lost touch let a friendship die Cause you never had time to call and say, "Hi" .......You better slow down. When you run so fast to get somewhere You miss half the fun of getting there. ........ You better slow down. When you worry and hurry through your day, It is like an unopened gift thrown away. ....You better slow down. Life is not a race so take it slower Hear the music before the song is over. .... You better slow down. Don't dance so fast. Time is short The music won't last. You better slow down You better slow down. David L. Weatherford ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN 95

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Essence of Spirituality Go not to the temple to put flowers upon the feet of God, First fill your own house with the Fragrance of love... Go not to the temple to light candles before the altar of God, First remove the darkness of sin from your heart... Go not to the temple to bow down your head in prayer, First learn to bow in humility before your fellowmen... Go not to the temple to pray on bended knees, First bend down to lift someone who is down-trodden... Go not to the temple to ask for forgiveness for your sins, First forgive from your heart those who have sinned against you. - Rabindranath Tagore 96 ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN