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________________ dhUrtAkhyAna: pAryantika vyaMgya kAvyakathA D pro0 DaoN0 zrIraMjana sUrideva, sampAdaka, pariSad-patrikA bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA-4 7 -+-+-+ vyaMgya-kAvyakathA granthoM meM 'dhUrttAkhyAna' kA ullekhanIya mahatva hai| isake racayitA zramaNa paramparA ke prasiddha vidvAn kathAkAra AcArya haribhadrasUri ( AThavI-navIM zatI) haiN| unhoMne apanI isa vyaMgyapradhAna kathA - racanA meM pA~ca dhUrtoM ke AkhyAnoM dvArA purANoM meM varNita asambhava aura avizvasanIya bAtoM yA kathAoM kA prati-AkhyAna upanyasta kiyA hai| sANika kathAsI kI dRSTi se yaha grantha bhAratIya kathA-sAhitya meM kUTastha hai| vyaMgya aura upahAsa ke upasthApana kI puSTi paddhati kI dRSTi se to isa kathA - grantha ko dvitIyatA nahIM hai| kahanA na hogA ki AcArya haribhadra kA vyaMgya prahAra dhvaMsa ke lie nahIM, apitu nirmANa ke lie huA hai| " dhUrttAkhyAna " ( prA0 dhuttakkhANa) meM vyaMgya ke yathArtha rUpa kA darzana hotA hai| vikRti ke mAdhyama se sukRti ko saMketita yA sandezita karanA hI vyaMgya kA mUla lakSya hai| isIlie, prabuddha vyaMgyakAra prAyaH sArvajanIna jar3atA, ajJAnatA yA duSkRtiyoM ke upahAsa tathA bhartsanApUrvaka virodha ke lie hI vyaMgya kA prayoga karate haiM / 'e nyU iMgaliza DikzanarI Ayu hisTorikta priMsipulsa (bhAga 8 pR0 116) meM kahA gayA hai ki pApa, jar3atA, aziSTatA aura kurIti ko prakAza meM lAkara unakI nindA aura upahAsa ke lie kaviyoM dvArA vyaMgya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| kurIti aura anAcAra ke nirmUlana ke lie vyaMgya amogha astra siddha hotA hai / ziple ne apane zabdakoza 'DiksarI AvR varlDa liTarerI Tamsa' (20402) meM likhA hai ki mAnavIya durbalatAoM kI nindApUrNa kaTu AlocanA hI vyaMgya hai| isIlie, AcAra aura saundarya ke bhAvoM ko udbhAvita kara sAmAjika durbalatA meM sudhAra lAnA hI vyaMgya kA mukhya uddezya hai| yoM, anya upAyoM se bhI sAmAjika doSoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu vyaMgya meM nirAkaraNa kI dhvani aura pravidhi, rocakatA aura tIkSNatA kI dRSTi se, kucha bhinna yA viziSTa hotI hai| 'cembarsa insAiklopIDiyA' (navIna saMskaraNa, ji012 ) ke anusAra, sArvajanIna bhartsanA ke bhAvoM meM kalpanA aura buddhivilAsa ke sAtha hI jhir3akI ke bhAva jaba mila jAte haiM, tabhI vyaMgya kI sRSTi hotI hai / sudhAra kI dRSTi se kisI bhI prakAra kA sAmAjika jIvana vyaMgya ke lie upayukta kSetra bana sakatA hai| saca pUchie, to svAbhAvikatA jaba asvAbhAvikatA kA parihAsa karatI hai, tabhI vyaMgya kI sthiti utpanna hotI hai| vyaMgya doSoM kA parimArjana hI nahIM karatA, unakA zodhana aura sudhAra bhI karatA hai| vyaMgya se pArasparika kaTutA yA tiktatA nahIM bar3hatI, apitu samAja yA vyakti ke svabhAvoM kA pariSkAra aura saMskAra hotA hai| vyaMgya gatyAtmaka aura upadezAtmaka, donoM prakAra kA ho sakatA hai| 'khAna' ke upanyAsaka AcArya haribhadra kI dRSTi meM AkSepa yA nindA kI apekSA vyaMgya hI eka aisA uttama sAdhana hai, jo binA kisI hAni ke mAnava kI durnItiyoM kA parizodhana karatA hai| kAraNa hai ki manuSya apanA upahAsa nahIM saha sakatA hai, ataH jina doSoM ke kAraNa usa para dUsare loga ha~sate haiM, una doSoM se vaha apane Apa ko mukta kara lenA cAhatA hai, parimArjana kI icchA karatA hai / vyaMgya una doSoM kA parimArjana karanA cAhatA hai aura tabhI vyaMgya kalA kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| punaH vyaMgya jaba kalA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hotA hai, taba vaha saundarya - bhAvanA ke .
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________________ dhUrtAkhyAna : pAryantika vyaMgya-kAvyakathA .................................................................... ...... mAdhyama se upahAsa ke nimitta sAmayika kuruciyoM yA kurItiyoM kI kalpanAtmaka vivecanA ke niyamAnukUla eka AkAra pradAna karatA hai| isalie, vyaMgya kA sarvAdhika vaibhava sAhitya ke mAdhyama se hI upalabdha ho sakatA hai| vyaMgya mukhyataH do prakAra kA hotA hai : sarala aura vkr| sarala yA sIdhe DhaMga se vyaMgya kA prayoga karane vAlA lekhaka prAya: upadezaka yA usase thor3A hI viziSTa hotA hai| aise vyaMgyakAroM meM kabIra, ravidAsa Adi kI sIdhI coTa karane vAlI vyaMgya-kavitAe~ udAharaNIya haiM / kintu, vakra vyagya kA prayoktA jina pAtroM yA vastuoM ko apane AkramaNa yA prahAra kA viSaya banAtA hai, unakA varNana sIdhe vyaMgya se na karake use prAya: aprastuta-prazaMsA, anyokti yA anyopadeza, vakrokti, athavA vyAjokti-zailI meM upasthApita karatA hai| kahanA na hogA ki vyagya-kAvya meM vAcya se itara dhvanyAtmakatA aura sAmAnya se pare viziSTa rasAtmaka vAkyAvalI ke samAyojana se adbhuta camatkAra A jAtA hai| tabhI to vyaMgya kA kaThora kazAghAta mRdula mAlAghAta kI taraha pratIta hotA hai| vyaMgya kA abhivyaktIkaraNa kalA ke vibhinna mAdhyamoM-citra, mUrti, sthApatya, kathA, kAvya aura nATakoM dvArA sambhava hai| isalie, kalAtmaka vyaMgya ko samajhane ke lie sahRdaya kI adhikAdhika prabuddhatA yA paryApta bauddhika jAgarUkatA apekSita hotI hai| isa sandarbha meM bhAratendu harizcandra ke 'andhera nagarI caupaTa rAjA', 'vaidikI hiMsA-hiMsA na bhavati' Adi dRzyakAvyoM-nATakoM kI kathAvastuoM ke varNana-vaividhya ko nirdezita kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra ke vyaMgya se na kevala vyaktigata caritroM meM sudhAra sambhava hotA hai, varan vaha sampUrNa rASTrIya caritra ko udbhASita kara use AtmasaMzodhana ke lie prerita karatA hai, kabhI-kabhI to Atma-caritra meM AmUla-parivartana lAne ko vivaza kara detA hai / phalata: vyaMgya anirmita kA nirmANa aura nimita kA punanirmANa bhI karatA hai| __AcArya haribhadra ne pA~ca AkhyAnoM meM vibhakta tathA prAkRta ke sarva sarvapriya chanda 'gAthA' meM nibaddha 'dhUkhyiAna' meM vakra vyaMgya kI vicchittipUrNa yojanA kI hai| purANoM kI asambhava aura aMbuddhigamya bAtoM ke nirAkaraNa ke nimitta vyaMgya-kathAlekhaka haribhadra ne dhUrtagoSThI kI AyojanA kI hai| kathA hai ki ujjayinI ke eka suramya udyAna meM Thaga vidyA ke pAraMgata saikar3oM dhUtoM ke sAtha mUladeva, kaNDarIka, elASAr3ha, zaza aura khaNDapAnA ye pA~ca dhUrttanetA phuNce| inameM prathama prathama cAra puruSa the aura khaNDapAnA strI thI / pratyeka puruSa dhUrtarAja ke pAMca-pAMca sau puruSa-anucara the aura khaNDa pAnA kI pAMca sau strI-anucara thiiN| jisa samaya ye dhUrta netA udyAna meM pahu~ce the, usa samaya ghanaghora varSA ho rahI thii| sabhI dhUrta varSA kI ThaNDa se ThiThurate aura bhUkha se kur3abur3Ate hue, vyavasAya kA koI sAdhana na dekhakara isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce ki bArI-bArI se pAMcoM dhUrttanetA apane-apane jIvana ke anubhava sunAyeM aura jo dhUrttanetA zeSa cAroM ke anubhava kI kathAoM ko asatya aura avizvasanIya siddha kara degA, vahI sArI maNDalI ko eka dina kA bhojana kraayegaa| isake atirikta, jo dhUrttanetA svayaM mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, purANa Adi ke kathAnakoM se apanI anubhavakathA kA samarthana karate hue usakI satyatA ke prati vizvAsa dilA degA, vaha sabhI dharmoM kA rAjA banA diyA jAyagA / isa prastAva se sabhI sahamata ho gaye aura sabhI ne rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA purANoM kI asambhava kathAoM kA bhaNDAphor3a karane ke nimitta AkhyAna sunAye / kintu, khaNDapAnA ne na kevala apanI kalpita anubhava-kathAe~ sunAI, varan unakA purANa-kathAoM se samarthana bhI kara diyA aura zartabandI ke anusAra yaha sabhI dhUrttanetAoM meM agraNI mAna lI gii| isake atirikta usane apanI caturAI se eka seTha ko Thagakara ratnajaTita aMgUThI prApta kI, jisako becakara bAjAra se khAdya-sAmagrI kharIdI gaI aura pUrI dhUrtamaNDalI ko bhojana karAyA gyaa| jJAtavya hai ki 'dhUrtAkhyAna' meM vyaMgya-kathAoM ke mAdhyama se vibhinna paurANika mAnyatAoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| jaise : sRSTi-utpattivAda, sRSTi-pralayavAda, trideva arthAt brahmA, viSNu aura maheza ke svarUpa kI mithyA mAnyatAeM, andhavizvAsa, agni kA vIryapAna, devoM ke tila-tila aMza se tilottamA kI utpatti Adi asvAbhAvika mAnyatAe~, jAtivAda, varNavAda Adi kI managaDhanta avadhAraNAe~, RSiyoM meM asaMgata aura asambhava kalpanAe~, amAnavIya tatva aadi|
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________________ 464 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa DOD D O -. -. -. -.-.-.-.-.-... ...... ........................ .... .......... ... prathama AkhyAna meM kathA ke dvArA sRSTi ko utpatti ke sambandha meM pracalita mithyA aura asambhava kalpanAoM ke prati-AkhyAna ke krama meM kahA gayA hai ki dhUrttanetA mUladeva ne jaba apanI kalpita anubhava-kathA sunAI, taba dUsare dhUrtanetA kaNDarIka ne usase kahA : "tumhAre aura hAthI ke kamaNDalu meM samA jAne kI bAta bilkula satya aura vizvasanIya hai; kyoMki purANoM meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki brahmA ke mukha se brAhmaNa, bhujAoM se kSatriya, jaMghA ke vaizya aura pairoM se zUdra kA janma huaa| ata:, jisa prakAra brahmA ke zarIra meM cAroM varNa samA sakate haiM, usI prakAra kamaNDalu meM tuma donoM samA sakate ho| dvitIya AkhyAna meM aNDe se sRSTi ke utpanna hone kI kathA kI asAratA dikhAI gayI hai| kaNDarIka ne apane anubhava kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki eka gAMva ke utsava meM sammilita sabhI loga DAkuoM ke Dara se kada meM samAviSTa ho gye| usa kadrU ko eka bakarI nigala gaI aura usa bakarI ko eka ajagara nigala gayA aura phira usa ajagara ko eka DheMka (sArasa-vizeSa) pakSI ne nigala liyaa| jaba vaha sArasa ur3akara vaTavRkSa para A baiThA thA, tabhI kisI rAjA kI senA usa vRkSa ke nIce aaii| eka mahAvata ne sArasa kI TA~ga ko baragada kI DAla samajhakara usase hAthI ko bA~dha diyA / jaba sArasa ur3A, taba hAthI bhI usakI TAMga meM laTakatA claa| mahAvata ke zora macAne para zabdavedhI bANa dvArA sArasa ko mAra girAyA gayA aura kramazaH sArasa, ajagara, bakarI aura kadda, ko phAr3ane para ukta gA~va kA janasamUha bAhara nikala aayaa| kaNDarIka ke isa anubhava kA samarthana viSNupurANa ke AdhAra para karate hue elASADha bolA : "sRSTi ke AdimeM jala hI jala thA / usakI uttAla taraMgoM para eka aNDA cirakAla se taira rahA thaa| eka dina vaha aNDA do samAna hissoM meM phUTa gayA aura usI ke Adhe hisse se yaha pRthvI bnii| isalie, jaba aNDe ke eka hI ardhAMza meM sArI pRthvI samA sakatI hai, taba kaddU meM eka choTe-se gA~va ke nivAsiyoM kA samA jAnA koI Azcarya kI bAta nhiiN|" brahmA, viSNu aura maheza yAnI trideva ke svarUpa kI mAnyatA ke sambandha meM aneka mithyA dhAraNAe~ pracalita haiM, jinakA buddhi se koI sambandha nahIM hai| 'dhUrtAkhyAna' ke prathama AkhyAna meM hI vyaMgyakathAkAra ne likhA hai ki brahmA ne eka hajAra divya varSa taka tapa kiyaa| devatAoM ne unakI tapasyA meM vighna utpanna karane ke lie tilottamA nAma kI apsarA ko bhejA / tilottamA ne unake dakSiNa pArzva kI ora nAcanA zurU kiyaa| rAgapUrvaka apsarA kA nRtya dekhane aura usakA eka dizA se dUsarI dizA meM ghUma jAne ke kAraNa brahmA ne cAroM dizAoM meM cAra atirikta mukha vikasita kara liye / tilottamA jaba UrdhvadizA, yAnI Upara AkAza meM nRtya karane lagI, taba brahmA ne apane mAthe ke Upara pA~cavA~ mukha vikasita kara liyA / brahmA ko isa prakAra kAma-vicalita dekhakara rudra ne unakA pA~cavA~ mukha ukhAr3a pheMkA brahmA bar3e Rddha hae aura unake lalATa se pasIne kI bUdeM girane lagIM, jinase zvetakuNDalI nAma kA puruSa utpanna huA aura usa ne brahmA, kI AjJA se zaMkara kA pIchA kiyaa| rakSA pAne ke lie zaMkara .badarikAzrama meM tapasyArata viSNa ke pAsa phuNce| viSNu ne apane lalATa kI rudhira-zirA khola dii| usase raktakuNDalI nAma kA puruSa nikalA, jo zaMkara kI AjJA se zvetakuNDalI se yuddha karane lgaa| donoM ko yuddha karate hue hajAra divya varSa bIta gaye, para koI kisI ko nahIM harA skaa| taba, devoM ne yaha kahakara unakA yuddha banda karA diyA ki jaba mahAbhArata-yuddha hogA, taba usameM unheM sar3ane ko bheja diyA jaaygaa| kahanA na hogA ki ukta kathA kI sArI avadhAraNAe~ kalpita pratIta hotI haiN| ___ isI prakAra, AcArya haribhadra ne apanI vyaMgyakathAoM dvArA andhavizvAsoM kA bhI nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| tapasyA bhraSTa karane ke lie apsarA kI niyukti (prathama AkhyAna); hAthiyoM ke mada se nadI pravAhita honA, pavana se hanumAna kI utpatti, vibhinna aMgoM ke saMyoga se kArtikeya kA janma (tRtIya AkhyAna); agastya kA sAgara-pAna, aNDe bicchU, manuSya aura garur3a kI utpatti (caturtha AkhyAna) Adi dhAraNAe~ andhavizvAsa ke dyotaka haiM / purANoM meM agni kA vIryapAna, ziva kA anaisargika aMga se bIryapAta, kumbhakarNa kA chaha mahIne taka zayana, sUrya kA kuntI se sambhoga kAna se karNa kI utpatti prabhRti bAtoM kI 'dhUrtAkhyAna' meM paryApta ha~sI ur3AI gayI hai| 'dhUkhyiAna' ke pAMcoM AkhyAnoM meM kula milAkara mukhyata: nimnAMkita kathA-prasaMgoM para vyaMgya kiyA gayA hai :
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________________ dhUrtAkhyAna : pAryantika vyaMgya-kAvyakathA prathama AkhyAna: brahmA ke mukha, bAhu, jaMghA aura pairoM se cAturvarNya kI utpatti / aprAkRtika dRSTi se kalpita vibhinna jnm-kthaaeN| ziva kI jaTA meM gaMgA kA smaanaa| RSiyoM aura devatAoM ke asambhava aura vikRta rUpa kI mAnyatA / dvitIya AkhyAna : aNDe se sRSTi kI maanytaa| akhila vizva kA devoM ke mukha meM nivAsa / draupadI ke svayaMvara meM, eka hI dhanuSa meM parvata, sarpa, agni Adi kA Aropa / jaTAyu, hanumAna Adi kI janma-sambandhI asambhava klpnaaeN| tRtIya AkhyAna : jamadagni aura parazurAma-sambandhI avizvasanIya maanytaaeN| jarAsandha ke svarUpa kI mithaka-kalpanA / hanumAn dvArA sUrya kA bhakSaNa / skandha kI utpatti-sambandhI asambhava kalpanA / rAhu dvArA candragrahaNa kI vikRta kalpanA / vAmanAvatAra aura varAhAvatAra kI vikRta maanytaaeN| caturtha AkhyAna : rAvaNa aura kumbhakarNa-sambandhI mithyA maanytaaeN| agastya RSi dvArA samudra ke pAna kI kalpanA / kadra aura vinatA ke asvAbhAvika upAkhyAna / samudra para vAnaroM dvArA parvatakhaNDoM se setu-racanA / paMcama AkhyAna: vyAsa RSi ke janma kI adbhuta kalpanA / pANDavoM kI aprAkRtika adbhuta kalpanA / zivaliMga kI anantatA kI avdhaarnnaa| hanumAna kI pUMcha kI asAdhAraNa lambAI kI maanytaa| gandhArikAvara rAjA kA manuSya-zarIra chor3akara vana meM kurabaka vRkSa ke rUpa meM pariNata hone kI klpnaa| isa prakAra, purANoM kI vibhinna kathA-kalpanAoM ko mithyAbhrAnti mAnakara unakA vyaMgyAtmaka zailI meM nirAkaraNa karane meM AcArya haribhadra ne apane akkhar3a pANDitya aura prakANDa AcAryatva kA paricaya diyA hai / kahanA na hogA ki isa adbhuta vyaMgyakAra ne apanI hAsya-rucira kathAoM ke mAdhyama se anyApekSita zailI meM asambhava, mithyA, akalpanIya aura nindya-AcaraNa kI ora le jAne vAlI bAtoM kA nirAkaraNa kara svastha, ziSTa, sadAcAra-sampanna aura sambhava AkhyAnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| ____ 'dhUrtAkhyAna' meM sRjanAtmaka vyaMgya-prakriyA apanAI gaI hai evaM saprANa zailI meM vaiSamyapUrNa tathA paraspara asambandha tathyoM kA tiraskAra samAja-nirmANa kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| kathA ke zilpa-vidhAna kA camatkAra tathA durUha ulajhanabharI sAmAjika vikRtiyoM kA AkhyAna-zailI meM prati-AkhyAna isa kathAgrantha ke AlocakoM ko bhI mugdha kara dene vAlA hai / nissandeha, vizvajanIna kathA-vAGamaya kA vikAsAtmaka adhyayana 'dhUkhyiAna' jaisI pAryantika vyaMgya-kAvyakathA ke adhyayana ke binA adhUrA hI mAnA jaaygaa| .