Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dhArmika pariprekSya meM Aja kA zrAvaka DaoN. subhASa koThArI zodha adhikArI, Agama ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai, use samAja, parivAra, rASTra se jur3e hone ke kAraNa pratyeka kSetra meM apane kArya vyavahAra ko karanA par3atA hai aura karatA hai| 2500 varSa prAcIna mahAvIra samAja kI tulanA vartamAna samAja se kareM, to hama pAte haiM ki mahAvIra ke pracalita siddhAnta va upadeza donoM hI samayoM meM yugAnukUla the va hai, AvazyakatA sirpha use antaHsparzita kara samajhane kI hai| hA~, yaha avazya hai ki deza kAla kI paristhitiyoM se Aja kA mAnava tAkika va vakra ho gayA hai jaba ki mahAvIra yugIna mAnava bhadra va sarala prakRti kA thaa| vibhinna dharma granthoM meM sAdhanA kI mukhya rUpa se do hI vidhiyAM pracalita hai-prathama gRhasthAvasthA kA tyAga kara saMnyAsI, yogI, muni va bhikSu bananA va dvitIya grahasthAvasthA meM rahakara zrAvaka, upAsaka, anuyAyI va gRhI bananA / donoM hI ke pAlana karane yogya kucha niyama pUrvAcAryoM ne dharmagranthoM meM pratipAdita kiye hai| yaha eka alaga bAta hai ki ve niyama kahA~ taka pAlana hote haiN| jaina AcAra granthoM meM zrAvaka va usake pAlana karane ke niyamoM kA vistAra vaNita hai| zrApaka jainAgama granthoM meM upAsaka, zramaNIpAsaka, gihI, agAra va zrAvaka zabda grahastha ke liye prayukta hue hai| paM0 AzAdhara ne sAgAradharmAmRta meM paMca parameSThI kA bhakta, dAna va pUjana karane vAlA, mUlaguNa va uttaraguNa kA pAlana karane vAlA zrAvaka hotA hai, yaha kahA hai|' eka zrAvaka zabda "zru" dhAtu se niSpanna hai jisakA artha hai sunane vaalaa| arthAt jo pratidina sAdhuoM se samyaka darzana Adi sAmAcAro ko sunatA ho, vaha parama zrAvaka hai / 2 zrAvakAcAra ko pUrvapIThikA eka grahastha ko zrAvaka kahalAne kI sthiti taka pahu~cane ke liye kucha viziSTa guNoM ko apane antaH cetana meM sthAna denA Avazyaka hotA hai| vaise inakA koI Agamika ullekha prApta nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki yaha mAnakara calA jAtA hai ki eka sadgRhastha meM ye guNa to hogeM hii| uttaravartI AcAryoM, jinameM haribhadra-dharma-binbu prakaraNa 3 1. sAgAra dharmAmRta 1, 15 / 2. zrAvaka prajJapti, gAthA 2 / 3. zAstrI, devendra muni : jaina AcAra : siddhAnta va svarUpa, pRSTha 237 / 4. hemacandra, yogazAstra : 1147-56 /
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 68 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa hemacandra-yogazAstra, paM0 AzAdhara-sAgAra dharmAmRta" ne ina sadguNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| yogazAstra meM inheM mArgAnusArI ke guNa kahakara nimna prakAra nAmAMkita kiyA hai : 1. nyAya-nIti se dhana kA upArjana karanA / 2. ziSTa puruSoM ke AcAra kI prazaMsA karanA / 3. apane kula va zIla ke samAna stara vAloM se pariNaya sambandha krnaa| 4. pApoM se bhaya / 5. prasiddha dezAcAra kA pAlana karanA / 6. paranindA nahIM karanA / 7. ekadama khule va banda sthAna para ghara kA nirmANa nahIM karanA / 8. ghara ke bAhara jAne ke dvAra aneka nahIM ho / 9. sadAcArI puruSoM kI saMgati krnaa| 10. mAtA-pitA ko sevA bhakti karanA / 11. citta meM kSoma utpanna karane vAle sthAna se dUra rahanA / 12. nindanIya kAma meM pravRtti nahIM karanA / 13. Aya ke anusAra vyaya karanA / 14. Arthika sthiti ke anusAra kapar3e phnnaa| 15. buddhi ke ATha guNoM se yukta hokara dharma zravaNa karanA / 16. ajIrNa hone para bhojana nahIM karanA / 17. niyata samaya para saMtoSa se bhojana kreN| 18. cAra puruSArthoM kA sevana krnaa| 19. atithi-Adi kA satkAra krnaa| 20. kamI durAgraha ke vazIbhUta nahIM ho / 21. guNoM kA pakSapAtI ho| 22. deza va kAla ke pratikUla AcaraNa nahIM krnaa| 23. apanI sAmarthya ke anusAra kAma kreN| 24. sadAcArI kA Adara kreN| 25. apane AzritoM kA pAlana poSaNa kreN| 26. dIrghadarzI ho| 27. apane hita-ahita ko smjheN| 28. kRtajJa ho| 29. sadAcAra va sevA dvArA janatA kA prema sampAdita kreN| 30. lajjAzIla ho| 31. dayAvAna ho| 5. sAgAra dharmAmRta-adhyAya-eka /
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dhArmika pariprekSya meM-Aja kA zrAvaka 69 32. saumya ho| 33. paropakAra karane meM udyata ho / 34. kAma krodhAdi ke tyAga meM udyata ho| 35. indriyoM ko vaza meM rkhe| yadyapi ina guNoM kI saMkhyA bhI vibhinna AcAryoM ne alaga-alaga batAI hai. phira bhI ina paMtosa guNoM meM una sabakA samAveza ho jAtA hai| ina guNoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina AcAra ke niyama pUrNataH vyAvahArika va sAmAjika hai| ina guNoM para vyakti ke svayaM, parivAra, ba samAja kA vikAsa nirbhara hai| ina vyAvahArika niyamoM ke bAda saiddhAntika niyamoM ko leM, to aNuvrata, guNavrata va zikSAbatoM kA pAlana mahattvapUrNa hotA hai| aNuvrata ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya va aparigraha kA sthUla rUpa se pAlana karanA aNuvrata kahalAtA hai| hiMsA ke do bheda kiye jA sakate haiM- sUkSma va sthUla / pRthvI, pAnI, vAyu, agni va vanaspati ko hiMsA sUkSma va sa prANiyoM kI hiMsA sthUla hiMsA kahI jAtI hai| zrAvaka gRhasthAvasthA meM rahakara sUkSma hiMsA se nahIM baca pAtA hai aura sAmAjika kArthoM meM sthUla hiMsA hotI hai / ataH vaha sirpha "maiM ise mArUM" isa prakAra kI saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai| Aja ke vyAvahArika jagata meM bhI sabhya vyakti anAvazyaka trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA kA virodha karegA hii| dvitIya asatya bhASaNa nahIM karane kI bAta hai| isameM loka ciruddha, rAjya-viruddha, dharma viruddha jhuTha nahIM bolane kA vidhAna hai / dUsaroM kI nindA karanA, gupta bAtoM ko prakaTa karanA, jhUThA upadeza denA, jhUThe lekha likhanA-inameM doSa mAne gaye haiN| sthUla rUpa se coro nahI karanA, kiso ko corI ke lie nahIM bhejanA, corI ko vastu nahIM lenA, rAjyaniyamoM .. kA ullaghaMna nahI karanA astaiya aNuvrata hai / sAmAnyatayA yaha sAmAjika va Arthika aparAdha bho hai / apanI patnI kI maryAdA rakhakara anya sabho triyoM ko mAtA-bahina ke sadRzya samajhanA brahmacarya siddhAnta hai| kisI vaizyA Adi ke sAtha rahanA, azlIla kAma krIDAe~ karanA, dUsaroM kA vivAha karAnA, kAmamoga kI tIvra abhilASA karanA doSa hai / inase bacane kA nirdeza hai / Aja bhI balAtkAra, vaizyAvRtti, heya dRSTi se dekhe jAte hai| ___ apanI AvazyakatA se adhika vastu kA upayoga nahIM karanA, use dUsaroM ko bAMTa denA aparigraha hai| sAtha hI apane upayoga meM Ane vAlI vastuoM kI maryAdA nizcita le jisase usase adhika parigraha se mukta raha skeN| tIna guNavata inameM dizAvata, upabhoga parimANa vrata va anartha daNDa Ate hai / ye aNuvratoM ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka hote haiM / dizAvata dizAoM kI sImA nirdhAraNa karatA hai, uttara, dakSiNa, pUrva, pazcima Adi meM gamanAgamaNa evaM vyApAra karane para roka lagAtA hai / anartha daNDa harI vanaspati kATanA Adi anarthakArI hiMsA ke tyAga kA upadeza detA hai| cAra zikSAvata inameM sAmAyika dezAvakAzika, auSadha va atithi saMvibhAga brata sammilita hai| ye mAnava kI antaH cetanA se jAgrata saMskAra hai / inase AdhyAtmika unnati kI ora agrasara huA jAtA hai / inase vyakti sahiSNu va Atmajayo banatA abata sammilita / se mAnava zrI mantaH cetanA
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 70 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa hai, vikAroM va pApoM kA prAyazcita karatA hai va mukti kI ora agrasara hone ke lie kadama bar3hAtA hai, yadyapi jaina AcAra ke granyoM meM guNavatoM va zikSAvratoM ke nAmoM meM bheda hai phira bhI artha va vivecanA kI dRSTi se sabhI eka samAna hai| vartamAna paristhitiyAM uparyukta zrAvakAcAra ke vyAvahArika va saiddhAntika niyamoM ko jaba Aja ke pariprekSya meM dekhate haiM, to glAni mahasUsa hotI hai / apavAda kI bAta nahIM karatA, parantu sAdhu ke lie bhI "ammA piyA" kI upAdhi se alaMkRta zrAvaka Aja apanA astitva bhUlAe baiThe hai / Aja ahiMsaka hone ke sthAna para dUsaroM para doSAropaNa, bAhya ADambara pUrNa vaibhava pradarzana va Ayojana, dharma va sampradAya ke nAma para samAja Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara dene vAlA ahiMsA kA pUjArI mahAvora kA anuyAyI vahI zrAvaka hai ? / apanA doSa dUsaroM para Aropita kara samyakatvI kahalAne vAlA zrAvaka svadharmI bandhu kI AlocanA karatA-phiratA hai / DaoN. dayAnanda bhArgava ne eka sabhA meM ThIka hI kahA thA ki "ghara meM pahale diyA jalA leM, mandira meM bAda meN"| svayaM ke doSoM ko pahale dekha leM, bAda meM anya kI AlocanA kreN| dharma va siddhAnta kI bAta karate hue hama apane andara meM hiMsA, svArtha va Asakti ke tatva chipAye ghUma rahe hai| saca to yaha hai ki aise dikhAvaTI zrAvakoM kA hI bolabAlA rahatA varga sabhI ko dharma, sadAcAra va naitikatA kA pATha par3hAte haiM aura unakI nigAhoM ke nIce vaha saba hotA hai jo nahI honA cAhiye / lAkhoM kA dAna dene vAlA vyakti samAja kA netA, sudhAraka, dharmaniSTha, upAsaka, upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta hotA hai / yaha kaisA zrAvaka ? va kahAM kA dharmaniSTha ? agara saca pUchA jAya to eka mAha meM eka ghaNTA bhI zrAvakAcAra kA pAlana nahIM hotA hogaa| Aja zrAvaka svayaM ke AcAra se bhI pUrNa rUpa se paricita nahIM hai, to pAlana karane kI bAta hI kyA hai ? kahA~ hai vaha zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM kI paramparA jahA~ eka aura Ananda va kAmadeva jaise dhAvaka the-jayantI, zivAnandA, agnimitrA jaisI zrAvikAeM thI, jo sAdhuoM se bhI utkRSTa koTi kI sAdhanA meM rata the, jo svayaM ke AcAravicAra ke jJAtA hone ke sAtha sAtha sAdhvAcAra ke bhI pUrNa jJAtA the| jahA~ svayaM ke AcAra meM zithilatA AtI usakA prAyazcita karate the, sAtha hI muni AcAra meM zithilatA dRSTigocara hotI, to unheM bhI kartavya bodha karAte the / parantu Aja isa dAyitva ko saMbhAlane vAlA zrAvaka varga kahA~ hai ? kahA~ hai vaha lokAzAha jo samAja meM krAnti kA agradUta bana sake ? __ zrAvaka kA pahalA kadama samyakatva hotA hai arthAt suguru, sudeva va sudharma para zraddhA, parantu Aja hamAre dharmAcArya samyakatva ke nAma para apanI apanI TImeM banA rahe haiM, ve alaga-alaga guruoM se alaga-alaga samyakatva grahaNa karAne para jora dete hai / zrAvaka AcAra ke niyamoM ko suyugAnukUla paristhitiyoM meM kahIM bhI badalane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / kyA mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita siddhAnta sapta kuvyasana kA tyAga, mArgAnusArI ke guNa; bAraha vratoM ko upayogitA tava thI, aba nahI hai aura unameM parivartana kI guMjAisa hai ? nahIM ! ye to jIvana ke zAzvata mUlya hai, jinameM varSoM kyA, zatAbdiyoM taka parivartana kI guMjAiza nahIM hai / zrAvakAcAra kA Azaya sirpha yahI hai ki zrAvaka apanI asmitA ko pahacAne, apane AcaraNa va vyavahAra meM ekarUpatA rakhe / apane kartavyoM va dAyitvoM ko pahacAnane se hI samAja kA astitva banA raha paayegaa| 6. zravaka dharma kI prAsaMgikatA kA prazna-DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina /