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________________ dharmAmRta -samyagdarzana kA kathAmaya nirUpaNa samIkSaka : DaoN. ravelacanda Ananda yugapuruSa pUjya zrI 108 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja digambara tapasviyoM kI zreNI meM viziSTa sthAna ke adhikArI haiN| unhoMne sAdhucaryA karate hue dhArmika pravacanoM dvArA bhArata bhUmi ke prAyaH sabhI aMcaloM ko tapopUta kiyA hai, sAtha hI satsAhitya kI sarjanA dvArA jaina-dharma ke siddhAntoM kA saMzleSaNa-vizleSaNa aura vyAkhyA-bhASya prastuta kara jaina-sAhitya kI abhivRddhi kI hai| AcAryaratna ne lagabhaga 75-80 granthoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| inameM unake maulika aura anUdita donoM prakAra ke grantha haiM / AcAryaratna ne bhArata kI kaI prAdezika bhASAoM vizeSa rUpa se kannar3a bhASA kI jaina-kRtiyoM ko hindI meM anUdita kara jaina dharma aura hindI bhASA aura sAhitya ko upakRta kiyA hai| 'dharmAmRta' bhI unakI kannar3a bhASA se anUdita mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| 'dharmAmRta' (hindI anuvAda do bhAgoM meM) ke mUla lekhaka zrI nayasena haiN| yaha gadyapadyAtmaka kRti 14 AzvAsoM meM vibhakta hai| isa racanA kA parisamApti kAla kavi ke antaHsAkSya ke AdhAra para zaka saMvat 1176 hai| kavi ne svayaM ko mulugunda grAma kA nivAsI kahA hai aura jinendra ke caraNoM meM bhakti utpanna karane ke uddezya se prerita hokara usane isa kAvya kI racanA kI hai| isa grantha meM samyagdarzana, usake ATha aMgoM tathA pAMca vratoM kA sundara nirUpaNa huA hai / isa nirUpaNa ke lie racanAkAra ne kathAoM kA mAdhyama apanAyA hai| jaina-sAhitya ke lekhakoM aura AcAryoM kI eka pravRtti yaha rahI hai ki ve kisI siddhAnta-pradhAna racanA meM siddhAnta-vizeSa ke pratipAdana ke anantara kathA-mAdhyama dvArA usakA spaSTIkaraNa karate haiM aura bIca-bIca meM sundara dRSTAnta prastuta karate hue upadeza denA bhI nahIM bhUlate / nayasena kI isa racanA meM bhI yahI pravRtti dekhI jA sakatI hai| ina kathAoM ko par3hate samaya pAThaka inameM rasamagna ho jAtA hai aura sAtha hI 'dharmAmRta' ke upadeza-pIyUSa kA bhI pAna karatA hai| racanAkAra bar3e hI prabhAvI DhaMga se ojasvinI zailI meM kathA kahatA huA samyagdarzana kI vyAkhyA karatA jAtA hai aura pAThaka ko bar3e sahaja rUpa se, anAyAsa hI jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM se avagata karAtA jAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha grantha jaina dharma-siddhAntoM kA amRtamaya pravAha apane meM sameTe hue apane nAma ko sArthaka karatA hai aura apane ajJAtavRtta racayitA kI akSuNNa kIrti kA AdhArastambha bana jAtA hai|| grantha kA Arambha bhAratIya kAvya paddhati ke anakala maMgalAcaraNa ke sAtha hotA hai, jisameM granthakAra zrI jinendra bhagavAna kI stuti karake unake caraNoM meM triloka meM sArabhUta utkRSTa sukha kI prApti ke mArga-darzana ke lie prArthanA karatA hai / grantha ke isa hindI anuvAda meM AcAryaratna ne maMgalAcaraNa kI vidvattApUrNa vyAkhyA karate hue maMgalastavana kI paripATI, sacce deva, arahanta, siddha, AcArya, guru Adi ke guNoM aura svarUpa kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| isa prakAra anuvAdaka mUla graMtha ke anuvAda ke sAtha-sAtha TippaNI aura bhASya ke rUpa meM jisa vyAkhyA ko prastuta karatA hai, usameM usakI vidvattA to prakaTa hotI hai, sAtha hI maulika sRjana kI pratibhA bhI udbhAsita hotI hai| anuvAdaka apanI bAta kI puSTi ke lie prAcIna dharma-granthoM se uddharaNa bhI prastuta karatA hai / 'siddha' ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita kathana se isakI puSTi kI jA sakatI hai-"jaise saMsArI jIva rAgadveSa moha se vAsita hokara mana, vacana, kAya ke yogoM se vyApAra karate hue zubha va azubha karmoM kA saMcaya karate haiM, ataeva ve karmoM kA kAraNa ho jAte haiM, vaise siddha paramAtmA rAgadveSa, moha va yogoM ke halana-calana se rahita hote hue na kisI karma-vargaNA ko bAMdhate haiM, na kabhI usa baMdha kA phala sukha-duHkha yA saMsAra meM bhramaNa pA sakate haiN|" (dharmAmRta, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 18) maMgalAcaraNa' ke anantara kavIndra nayasena ne kAvya ke uddezya, sukavi aura kukavi meM antara, AdhyAtmika viSaya-vastu kI prasthApanA, saMskRta aura bhASA kAvya kI bhinnatA Adi kA saMkSipta vivecana kiyA hai| kavi nayasena ke vicAra hindI ke madhyayugIna rAmabhakta kavi tulasI ke 'rAmacarita mAnasa' ke bAlakANDa ke prArambhikakAvyAMza kA smaraNa karA dete haiM, jahAM kavi tulasI ghoSaNA karate haiM, "kInheM prAkRta jana gunngaanaa| sira dhuni girA lagata pchitaanaa|" nayasena likhate haiM-"jisa prakAra rasoI meM binA namaka ke sarasa zAka Adi bhojana nahIM bana sakatA hai tathA ghI ke sAtha agara namaka kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA to jIbha ko svAda nahIM AtA, usI prakAra yadi kavitA meM bhagavAn kI vANI kA rasAsvAda nahIM hogA to vaha madhura aura sukAvya nahIM bana sktii| (dharmAmRta, prathama bhAga, pRSTha 46) / isI prakAra tulasI kI taraha nayasena sRjana-saMkalpa
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________________ apane kAvya ko sajjanoM dvArA grAhya aura durjanoM dvArA agrAhya mAnate haiM--"sajjana loga mere dvArA race hue kAvya ko dekhakara kisI prakAra kI avahelanA kareMge yA usa race hue kAvya kI nindA kareMge, usake viSaya meM mujhe tilamAtra bhI Dara nahIM hai, kyoMki sajjana loga sadA eka se hI rahate haiN| ve kAvya ke doSa ko grahaNa nahIM karate, usake sAra ko hI grahaNa karate haiM / aura durjana loga sadA duSTa vyavahAra karate haiM, sAra gabhita madhura kavitA hone para bhI apane abhiprAya kI bAteM na milane ke kAraNa usa sukavi ke race hue kAvya kI nindA karate rahate haiN| isalie maiM sabase pahale apane kAvya meM doSagrAhI durjanoM ko bhI bhagavAn samajhakara pahale unakI pradakSiNA detA huuN|" (dharmAmRta pra0 bhA0, pRSTha 46-47) nayasena ke isa kathana aura tulasI ke sajjana-durjana prasaMga meM adbhuta sAmya hai| itanA hI nahIM kannar3a kA yaha sAhityakAra tulasI kI bhAMti hI 'kavi na hoU nahiM catura khaavuuN| mati anurUpa rAma guna gAvahuM' kI dhAraNA meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai aura apanI vinamratA isa prakAra prakaTa karatA hai--"mahAn kaviyoM ke sAmane maiM eka alpajJa buddhi kaise Tika sakatA huuN| ataH mere dvArA race hue kAvya meM sajjana loga mere doSoM ko na dekhakara mere kAvya kA paThana kreN|" (dharmAmRta pra0 bhA0, pRSTha 47) anta meM kavi isa graMtha ke pratipAdya ke viSaya meM tulasI kI bhAMti hI saketa karatA hai -"jo atizayazAlI jinendra bhagavAn ke vacanAmata se paripUrita hai, jo samasta jIvoM kA hita karane vAlA hai, puNyoM ko utpanna karane vAlA hai, jo bhavyajanoM se stuta hai, pavitra hai, aise dharmAmRta nAma kAvya ko maiM vistArapUrvaka yathAmati khuuNgaa| (dharmAmRta pra0 bhA0, pRSTha 46) isa prakAra uttara bhArata kI avadhI bhASA meM racita 'rAmacaritamAnasa' tathA dakSiNa bhArata kI kannar3a bhASA meM racita 'dharmAmRta' ke prArambhika aMzoM ko par3hakara sukhada Azcarya hotA hai ki sampUrNa bhArata meM vicAroM kA kisa prakAra adbhuta sAmya thaa| eka-dUsare ko ye kavi vicAroM ke AdAna-pradAna se kisa prakAra prabhAvita karate the| dharmAmRta' ke baktA gautama gaNadhara haiM aura zrotA rAjA zreNika / kavi ke anusAra 'samyagdarzana' caturgati ke janma-jarA-maraNa ko dUra kara anaMta sukha pradAna karane vAlA hai| kavi kahatA hai ki "isake binA yadi koI mokSa kI abhilASA karatA hai to vaha usake samAna hai jaise koI binA netra dekhanA cAhatA hai, miTTI meM bIja boe binA phala kI icchA karatA hai, binA bANa ke lakSyavedha karanA cAhatA hai, binA jahAja ke samudra pAra honA cAhatA hai|" (dharmAmRta pra0 bhA0, pRSTha 54) prathama AzvAsa meM kavi ne samyagdarzana ke mahattva aura svarUpa kA vistAra se vivecana karate hue girinagara ke seTha dayAmitra kI kathA dvArA apane vivecana ko spaSTatA pradAna kI hai| "tatva ke Upara acala zraddhAna rakhanA aura vyavahAra tathA nizcayanaya mArga se use samajhakara svAtmAnubhUti karanA tattva zraddhAna hai| yaha tattva zraddhAna (samyagdarzana) tInoM lokoM meM pUjanIya hai, avinAzI sukha-zAnti rUpa mokSa ko dene vAlA hai|" (dharmAmRta pra0 bhA0, pRSTha 62) isa samyagdarzana ke binA dAna-japa-tapa kucha bhI zobhA nahIM detaa| isase rahita jJAna aura caritra bhI ajJAna aura acaritra hote haiN| samyagdarzana hI nirmala sukha kA mUla hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra samyagdarzana ke ATha aMga haiM--niHzaMkA, niSkAMkSatA, nivicikitsA, amUr3hadRSTi, upagRhana, sthitikaraNa, vAtsalya aura dharmaprabhAvanA / 'dharmAmRta' ke dUsare se naveM AzvAsa taka inhIM aMgoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne bar3I subodha aura rocaka bhASA zailI meM inake svarUpa aura mahattva ko spaSTa karate hue ATha kathAoM dvArA unako jIvana meM Acarita karane ke mahattva ko bhI prakAzita kiyA hai / ye kathAeM haiM--vijayanagara ke rAjA arimaMthana tathA usake putra lalitAMga kI kathA, campApura ke priyadala seTha kI putrI anantamatI kI kathA, rauravapura ke rAjA uddAyana kI kathA, kAmalipta nagara ke vaibhavazAlI jinendra bhakta seTha kI kathA, vAriSaNa kI kathA, somadatta purohita aura bAlaka vajrakumAra kI kathA, akampanAcArya tathA rAjA jayavarmA kI kathA / ye kathAeM yadyapi suparicita haiM, kintu kavi ne jisa ramaNIyatA aura sarasatA se inheM prastuta karate hue samyagdarzana ke ATha aMgoM kA vivecana kiyA hai, usase ye kathAeM maulika aura navIna pratIta hotI haiN| 'dharmAmRta' ke antima pAMca AzvAsa pAMca vratoM ke nirUpaNa se sambandhita haiN| ye pAMca vrata haiM. -ahiMsA vrata, satya vrata, acaurya vrata, brahmacarya vrata, aura aparigraha vrata / ina vratoM kA jaina dharma meM viziSTa mahattva hai| inheM aNuvrata kahA jAtA hai, "ye pAMca aNuvrata bhavya puruSa ko paMcaratna ke samAna haiN| ye hI pAMca ratna mokSa-prApti karane meM sAdhanabhUta haiM, aisA jinendradeva ne kahA hai| ye pAMca ratna manuSya ko hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha ina pAMca pApoM se mukta karate haiM (dharmAmRta pra0 bhA0, pRSTha 76) / kavIndra nayasena ne pA~ca kathAoM dvArA ina vratoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isa prakAra 'dharmAmata' meM caudaha kathAoM ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma ke samyagdarzana kI samagrarUpa meM vyAkhyA kavi nayasena kA uddezya rahA hai aura isa uddezya meM kavi ko paryApta saphala mAnA jA sakatA hai| 'dharmAmRta' kA dhArmika mahattva to asaMdigdha hai hI, isakA sAhityika mahattva bhI hai| soddezya kAvya kI racanA karate hue bhI nayasena ne isake sAhityika evaM kalAtmaka pakSa ko dRSTi se ojhala nahIM kiyaa| saMskRta ke sthAna para kannar3a bhASA meM racanA karanA apane Apa meM eka mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi hai| isase kavi jana-sAmAnya ke nikaTa pahuMcA hai aura apanI vicAradhArA ko adhika saphalatA se pracArita kara sakA hai| isa racanA meM varNita dRSTAnta to mugdha karate hI haiM sAtha hI isameM AlaMkArika zailI kA prayoga bhI bar3A prabhAvI bana par3A hai| vizeSa rUpa se isa graMtha meM upamAoM kI bharamAra hai| apanI bAta ko spaSTa karane ke lie kavi lalita upamAoM kI jhar3I lagA detA hai aura sArthaka upamAnoM ke prayoga se apane kathya ko mArmika, sarasa aura prabhAvI banA detA hai| kisI bhI prasaMga ko par3hie, lalita upamAe~ svayameva pAThaka 32 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ ke sAmane nRtya karatI huI prastuta hotI haiN| yahAM eka udAharaNa denA hI paryApta hogA-'darzana sahita niHzaMkita aMga ko dhAraNa karane vAlA manuSya usI prakAra zobhA ko pAtA hai, jaise maMgalaveSa meM sajA huA dUlhA, jaise A~khoM meM kajjala kI rekhA, pAMvoM meM peMjanI, kUTane se jisakA Upara kA chilakA ur3a gayA hai aisA dhAnya, azva para savAra jaise sundara yuvaka, jaise vivAhotsava kA maMgalamaya ghara, zUravIra kI mUMchoM kI bA~kI maror3a, cAvala kI muTThI ke samAna, tejadhAra parazu ke samAna, jutI huI sundara bailagAr3I ke samAna, toraNa se zobhAyamAna ghara ke dvAra ke samAna, donoM ora kaMdhe para jhUlatI huI kAvar3a ke samAna, daMtadhAvana se nirmala hue dAMtoM ke samAna, niHzaMkita aMga ko dhAraNa karane vAlA manuSya zobhA detA hai|" (dharmAmRta pra0 bhA0, pRSTha 202) kitane vyApaka aura vistRta kSetra se athavA yoM kahie ki lokajIvana ke vizAla prAMgaNa se baTorakara lalita upamAoM ko eka-sAtha prastuta karane meM kavi nayasena apratima rUpa se saphala hue haiN| saMskRta ke kavi bANa bhaTTa bhI isI prakAra kI upamAe~ saMjote the| nayasena kI kannar3a bhASA kI gaurava-kRti 'dharmAmRta' kA AcAryaratna zrI 108 dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja dvArA yaha hindI anuvAda apane Apa meM eka sulalita kRti bana jAtA hai| kannar3a bhASA se hindI meM anuvAda karane se isa racanA ke mahattva kA to patA calatA hI hai, sAtha hI AcAryaratna dvArA kI gaI vyAkhyA, bhASya aura TippaNiyoM meM anuvAdaka ke pANDitya, gambhIra jJAna-garimA, adhyayana-pravRtti aura dharmaniSThA kA bhI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| isa anuvAda kI bhASA lalita aura sarasa hai, ataH pAThaka aura vizeSa rUpa se jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke lie sugrAhya hai / isa racanA kA anuvAda karake AcAryaratna ne hindI bhASA aura jaina-samudAya ko to upakRta kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata kI sAMskRtika cetanA kI mUlabhUta ekatA ko bhI rekhAMkita kiyA hai| isa prakAra ke anuvAda rASTrIya ekatA ko samRddha karane kI dizA meM bhI Thosa kadama kahe jA sakate haiN| 880600 R R sRjana-saMkalpa 33