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________________ darzana aura vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM pudgala : eka vizleSaNAtmaka vivecana 361 . Ammmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm000- 00-00++++++ ++++ + +++++++ ++++++ ++++++ Oranam This darzana aura vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM pudgala : eka vizleSaNAtmaka vivecana AmpA * rASTrasaMta AcArya zrI Ananda RSijI 'pudgala' zabda dArzanika cintana ke liye anajAnA nahIM hai / nyAya-vaizeSika darzana jise bhautika tatva aura sAMkhya prakRti nAma se kahate haiM, use jainadarzana meM pudgala saMjJA dI hai| bauddhadarzana meM pudgalazabda kA prayoga AlayavijJAna, cetanA-saMtati ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| jainAgamoM meM bhI upacAra se pudgala yukta (zarIrayukta) AtmA ko pudgala kahA gayA hai| parantu sAmAnyatayA pramukhatA se pudgala zabda kA prayoga ajIva mUrtika dravya ke liye huA hai| vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI pudgala maiTara (Matter) aura inarjI (Energy) zabdoM dvArA jAnA samajhA jAtA hai / vijJAna ke samagra vikAsa, saMzodhana Adi kA AdhAra pudgala hI hai / paramANu ke rUpa meM jo pudgala kA hI bheda hai, to pudgala ne Aja samasta vizva mAnasa para apanA adhikAra jamA liyA hai| paramANu kI pragati ne to vizva ko usakI zakti, sAmarthya Adi se paricita hone ke liye jijJAsAzIla banA diyA / darzana ke kSetra meM pudgala ke viSaya meM kyA, kaisA, cintanamanana aura nirNaya kiyA gayA evaM vijJAna ke kSetra meM pudgala paramANu ke rUpa meM kaba AyA, usakA AviSkartA kauna thA aura aba taka vikAsa ke kitane sopAnoM ko pAra kara 'kisa maMjila taka pahu~ca sakA hai ? Adi ina donoM pakSoM ko eka sAtha yahA~ prastuta karate haiN| darzana pakSa pAzcAtya jagata kI yaha dhAraNA rahI hai ki pudgala paramANu sambandhI pahalI bAta DemokreTsa (I0 pU0 460370) nAmaka vaijJAnika ne kahI thii| lekina paurvAtya darzanoM aura unameM bhI bhAratIya darzanoM kA avalokana kareM to bhAratavarSa meM paramANu kA itihAsa isase bhI saikar3oM varSa pUrva kA milatA hai / cintana aura manana kI dRSTi se kAla gaNanA kA nirNaya kiyA jAye to use sudUra prAgaitihAsika kAla meM bhI Age taka mAnanA pdd'egaa| vaizeSika darzana meM paramANu kA ullekha avazya hai, lekina vaha nahIM jaisA hai, usameM kramabaddha vicAra praNAlI kA abhAva hai, lekina jainadarzana meM pudgala aura paramANu ke viSaya meM suvyavasthita vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jainadharma aura darzana kI prAgaitihAsika prAcInatA svayaM siddha hai aura aba aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI yaha sarvAnumodita ho cukA hai ki jainadharma vaidika aura bauddha dharma se bhI prAcIna hai| isa prakAra paramANu kA astitva jainadarzana ke sAtha bahuta prAcIna siddha ho jAtA hai| phira bhI hama vartamAna janadarzana kA sambandha tIrthaMkara mahAvIra se mAne to unakA kAla I0 pU0 568 se lekara 526 taka kA hai jo Demoke Tas se kucha adhika sau varSa pUrvakAlika hai| ataH yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki pAzcAtya jagata meM DemokreTsa ne paramANu zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai lekina vaha usakA AviSkartA nahIM thaa| pudgala kA artha 'pudgala' jaina pAribhASika zabda hai / bauddhadarzana meM avazya pudgala zabda kA prayoga huA hai lekina usakA nitAnta bhinna artha meM prayoga hone se vijJAna sammata padArtha (Matter) ke Azaya se mela nahIM khAtA hai| jabaki jainadarzana kA pudgala zabda vijJAna ke padArtha kA paryAyavAcI hai / tathA pAribhASita hote hue rUr3ha nahIM kintu vyotpattika haipUraNAt put galayatIti galapUraNAlanAnvarSa saMjJatvAt pudgalA:-arthAt pUrNa svabhAva se put aura galana svabhAva se gala ina do avayavoM ke mela se pudgala zabda banA hai, yAnI pUraNa aura galana ko prApta hone se pudgala anvartha saMjJaka hai /
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________________ 0 O -O 362 zrI puSkara muni abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa jo vastu dUsarI vastu (dravya yA paryAya) se milatI rahe, mile aura gale, pRthak ho isa prakAra ke galana-milana svabhAva vAlI vastu ko pudgala kahate haiN| ******* galana aura milana svabhAva ko isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai ki bar3e skandhoM meM se kitane hI paramANu dUra hote haiM aura kitane hI navIna paramANu jur3ate haiM, milate haiM, jabaki paramANu meM se kitanI hI varNAdi paryAyeM vilaga ho jAtI haiM, haTa jAtI haiM aura kitanI hI Akara mila jAtI haiN| isIlie sabhI skandhoM aura paramANuoM ko pudgala kahate haiM aura unake liye pudgala kahanA sArthaka, anvarthaka hai| jainAgamoM meM pudgala kI svarUpAtmaka vyAkhyA karate hue batAyA hai ki bhAva kI apekSA pudgala varNa, gandha rasa, sparza vAlA hai / vaha pA~ca varNa, do gandha, pA~ca rasa aura ATha sparza vAlA hotA hai / dravya kI apekSA pudgala ananta hai, kSetra kI apekSA loka pramANa hai| kAla kI apekSA kabhI nahIM thA, nahIM hai, nahIM rahegA, aisA nahIM hai, kintu usakA astitva hai / atIta anantakAla meM thA, vartamAna kAla meM hai aura anAgata anantakAla meM rhegaa| vaha dhruva, niyata, zAzvata akSaya, avyaya, avasthita tathA nitya hai / guNa kI apekSA grahaNa guNa vAlA hai| jIva dvArA pudgala kA grahaNa hotA bhI hai, varNAdi vAlA hone se sparzana Adi pA~coM indriyoM kA viSaya jJa eya hai / gugala ke bheda pudgala dravya ke apekSAnusAra bheda kiye gaye haiN| jaise, pudgala ke do bheda haiM-aNu aura skambha svabhAva pudgala aura vibhAva pudgala, yaha do bheda bhI pudgala dravya ke kiye gaye hai tathA cAra bheda bhI haiM - (1) skandha, (2) skandha deza, (3) skandha pradeza, (4) paramANu / skandha-- do se lekara yAvat ananta paramANuoM kA eka piMDa rUpa honA skandha hai| kama se kama do paramANuoM kA skandha hotA hai jo dvipradezI skandha kahalAtA hai aura kabhI-kabhI ananta paramANuoM ke svAbhAvika milana se eka lokavyApI mahAskandha bhI bana jAtA hai| isa mahAskandha kI apekSA pudgala dravya savaMgata hai aura zeSa pudgaloM kI apekSA asarvagata hai / skandha deza - skandha eka ikAI hai| usa ikAI kA buddhikalpita eka bhAga skandha deza hai / athavA skandha ke Adhe bhAga ko skandha deza kahate haiM / skandha praveza - jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka skandha kI mUla bhitti paramANu hai / jaba taka yaha paramANu skandhagata hai, taba taka vaha skandhapradeza kahalAtA hai / athavA pUrvokta Adhe bhAga ke bhI Adhe bhAga ko skandhapradeza kaha sakate haiM / 7 paramANu - skandha kA vaha bhAga jo vibhAjita ho hI nahIM sakatA hai, use paramANu kahate haiM / jaba taka vaha skandhagata hai, taba taka vaha skandhapradeza kahalAtA hai aura apanI pRthak avasthA meM paramANu / paramANu ke svarUpa ko zAstrakAroM ne vibhinna prakAra se spaSTa kiyA hai| jaise ki paramANu pudgala avibhAjya, accheya, abhedya, adAhya va agrAhya hai| kisI bhI upAya, upacAra yA upAdhi se usakA bhAga nahIM ho sakatA hai| paramA pudgala ana hai, amadhya hai, apradezI hai, sArva nahIM hai, samadhya nahIM hai| paramANu kI na lambAI hai, na caur3AI hai, na gaharAI hai, yadi vaha hai to svayaM eka ikAI rUpa hai| sUkSmatA ke kAraNa vaha svayaM hI Adi madhya aura anta hai / prathama aNu aura skandha yaha jo do bheda batAye gaye haiM unameM aura skandha Adi ina cAra bhedoM meM saMkSepa aura vistAra kI apekSA antara avazya hai, lekina mUla lAkSaNika bheda nahIM hai / skandha ke atirikta skandha deza aura skandha pradeza yaha skandha ke do avAntara bheda kara lene se pudgala dravya ke cAra bheda hote haiM / Adi / sUkSmatA aura sthUlatA ko lekara dUsare prakAra se pudgala dravya ke nimnalikhita chaha bheda bhI haiM(1) sthUlasthUla (2) sthUla, (3) sthUlasUkSma, (4) sUkSmasthUla, (5) sUkSma, (6) sUkSmasUkSma / patthara, parvata Adi / Adi / sthUla sthUla -- jisa pudgala skandha kA chedana, bhedana tathA anyatra vahana sAmAnya rUpa se ho ske| jaise--bhUmi, sthUla - jisa pudgala skandha kA chedana bhedana, na ho sake kintu anyatra vahana ho sake / jaise--- ghI, tela, pAnI - sthUla sUkSma - jisa pudgala skandha kA chedana, bhedana, anyatra vahana kucha bhI na ho ske| jaise - chAyA, Atapa
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________________ darzana aura vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM pudgala : eka vizleSaNAtmaka vivecana 363 sUkSma sthUla-ve indriya ko chor3akara zeSa sparzana Adi cAra indriyoM ke viSayabhUta pudgala skaMdha / jaise vAyu tathA anya prakAra kI gaiseM / sUkSma-ve sUkSma pudgala skandha jo atIndriya haiM / jaise manovargaNA, bhASAvargaNA, kAyavargaNA Adi / sUkSma sUkSma-aise pudgala skandha jo bhASAvargaNA, manovargaNA ke skandhoM se bhI sUkSma hai jaise dvi pradezI skandha aadi| yaha chaha bheda bhI skandha pudgala kI apekSA se hote haiM / paramANu pudgala ke bheda nahIM hote haiM / jisakA spaSTIkaraNa pUrva meM paramANu ke lakSaNa meM kiyA jA cukA hai / jIva aura pudgala kI pArasparika pariNati aura svayaM pudgala ke svabhAva kI apekSA usake tIna bheda bhI haiM prayoga pariNata-aise pudgala jo jIva dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye hoN| jaise indriya, zarIra aadi| mizrapariNata-jo pudgala jIva dvArA pariNata hokara punaH mukta ho cuke hoN| jaise kaTe hue nakha, keza, mala, mUtra Adi / vilasA pariNata-aise pudgala jo jIva kI sahAyatA ke binA svayaM svabhAvataH pariNata hai / jaise bAdala, indradhanuSa Adi / janadarzana meM pudgala ke pUrvokta bheda prabhedoM ke atirikta kucha aura bhI bheda-prabheda (paryAya) mAne gaye haiM jaisezabda, bandha, saukSamya, sthaulya, bheda, tama, chAyA, Atapa, udyota Adi / inameM se kucha aise paryAya haiM jinheM prAcIna kAla ke anya dArzanika pudgala rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate the, kintu aba unameM se bahutoM ko Adhunika vijJAna ne pudgala rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA hai / ve haiM-zabda, andhakAra, chAyA, Atapa udyota Adi / zabda-anya dArzanikoM ne zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnA hai| lekina jainadarzana kI mAnyatAnusAra loka vyApI samasta pudgala dravya kI teIsa prakAra kI vargaNAoM (samAna jAtIya vargoM) meM se eka bhASA vargaNA hai| usake bhidyamAna aNuoM ke dhvani rUpa pariNAma ko zabda kahate haiN| yaha zrotrendriya kA viSaya hone se mUrta aura paudgalika hai / isake do bheda haiM--mASA rUpa aura abhASA rUpa / abhASAtmaka do prakAra ke haiM-prAyogika aura vainasika / prAyogika zabda tata, vitata, ghana, suSira ke bheda se cAra prakAra kA hai| tata, vitata, dhana, suSira, ghoSa aura bhASA ke bheda se zabda chaha prakAra kA hai| bhASAtmaka zabda do prakAra ke haiM-sAkSara aura anakSara / athavA AmantriNI, AjJApanI Adi ke bheda se bhASAtmaka zabda ke aneka bheda kiye jA sakate haiN| ina saba medoM meM sAmAnya se samajhane ke liye zabda ke do mukhya bheda haiM-prAyogika aura vainasika / prayoga pUrvaka utpadyamAna dhvani prAyogika aura meghAdi janya svAbhAvika dhvani vaisrasika zabda kahalAte haiN| prAyogika zabda bhASAtmaka aura amASAtmaka haiN| artha pratipAdaka dhvani bhASAtmaka aura jisa dhvani se artha pratipAdaka bhASA kI abhivyakti na ho vaha abhASAtmaka zabda hai| tata (nagAr3e Adi kI dhvani) vitata (vINA Adi janya dhvani) ghana (ghaNTA Adi kI dhvani) aura suSira (bAMsurI, zaMkha janya dhvani) ke bheda se vaha cAra prakAra kA hai| andhakAra-prakAza Adi-kRSNa varNa bahula pudgaloM kA pariNAma andhakAra hai| sUrya, dIpaka Adi ke uSNa prakAza ko Atapa kahate haiN| pratibimba rUpa pudgala pariNAma chAyA hai aura candra maNi Adi kA anuSNa prakAza udyota kahalAtA hai| pudgaloM ke sAmAnya aura vizeSa guNa sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, mUrtatva aura acetanatva ye chaha pudgala dravya ke vizeSa guNa haiN| yadyapi acetana rUpa guNa anya dharma adharma Adi ajIva dravyoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai lekina yahA~ jIva (sacetana) se pRthak astitva batAne ke lie acetana tatva ko pudgala dravya ke vizeSa guNoM meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| inake atirikta astitva, nAstitva, nityatva, anityatva, prameyatva, dravyatva Adi aneka sAmAnya guNa haiN| ina sAmAnya guNoM kI saMkhyA ikkIsa hai| pudgaloM ke saMsthAna AkRti ko saMsthAna kahate haiN| saMsthAna do prakAra kA hotA hai-itthaMstha aura anitthaMstha / niyata AkAra vAle ko itthaMstha aura aniyata kAra vAle ko anitthaMstha saMsthAna kahate haiN| trikoNa, catuSkoNa, Ayatana, parimaMDala Adi niyata AkAra itthaMstha saMsthAna haiM aura bAdala Adi kI aniyatAkAra AkRtiyAM anitthastha saMsthAna haiN|
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________________ 364 zrI puSkaramRni abhinandana anya : caturva khaNDa. + HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH.. lA hai| caturanA sparza hoNge| akele pudgala ke guNa pudgala ke guNoM kA sAmAnyataH pUrva meM saMketa kiyA hai aura usake lAkSaNika pAribhASika svarUpa kI bhI rUparekhA batAyI jA cukI hai / inhIM donoM bAtoM kA aura adhika spaSTatApUrvaka vivecana karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM batAyA hai ki pudgala pAMca varNa (kRSNa, nIla, pIta, lohita aura zukla), do gaMdha (sugaMdha aura durgadha) pAMca rasa (tikta, kaTu amla, kaSAya aura madhura) aura ATha sparza (mRdu, kaThina, guru, laghu, zIta, uSNa, snigdha aura sUkSma) se yukta hotA hai / ye pAMca varNa Adi kisI bhI sthUla skaMdha meM mileMge kintu paramANu meM to eka varNa, eka gaMdha, eka rasa aura do sparza hote haiM / spoM kI apekSA skaMdhoM ke do bheda ho jAte haiM-caturpI skaMdha aura aSTasparzI skaMdha / sUkSma se sUkSma pudgala skandha caturpI skandha vAlA hai / caturpI skandha meM ATha sparzoM meM se zIta, uSNa, snigdha sUkSma ye cAra sparza mileMge aura paramANu meM ukta cAroM meM se koI do sparza hoNge| koI paramANu zIta yA uSNa hogA, snigdha yA sUkSma hogA / madu kaThina, guru, laghu ina cAra sparzoM meM se koI bhI sparza akele paramANu meM prApta nahIM hotA hai / kyoMki ye cAra sparza maulika na hokara saMyogaja haiM / jaina dArzanikoM ne gurutva aura laghutva (bhArIpana aura halkApana) ko maulika svabhAva nahIM mAnA hai kintu ve to vibhinna paramANuoM ke saMyogaja-viyogaja pariNAma hai| yadi skandha sthUlatva se sUkSmatva kI ora avarohaNa karate haiM taba unameM laghutva aura sUkSmatva se sthUlatva kI ora ArohaNa karane para gurutva yogyatA utpanna ho jAtI hai| isIlie pudgala ko guru-laghu aura aguru-laghu kahA gayA hai / koI pudgala gurulaghu hai aura koI agurulaghu / pudgala pudgalatva kI apekSA anAdi pAriNAmika bhAva hai, sAdi pAriNAmika bhAva nahIM hai / dravya kI apekSA sapradezI pudgala bhI hote haiM aura apradezI pudgala bhI / paramANu pudgala apradezI pudgala hai aura dvipradezI skaMdha se lekara ananta pradezI skaMdha pudgala sapradezI hai / isI dRSTi se janadarzana meM pudgala dravya ke saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta pradeza kahe gaye haiN| - dravya kI taraha kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA sapradezI bhI hotA hai aura apradezI bhii| kSetra kI apekSA sapradezitva apradezitva isa prakAra samajhanA cAhie ki eka AkAza pradeza ko avagAhana karane vAlA hone se apradezI evaM aneka AkAza pradezoM ko avagAhana karane vAlA hone se sapradezI hai / kAla kI apekSA eka samaya kI sthiti vAlA hone se apradezI aura aneka samaya kI sthiti vAlA hone se sapradezI hai| yaha sthiti paramANutva tathA skandhatva kI apekSA bhI, avagAhana tathA kSetrAntara kI apekSA bhI aura bhAva guNoM kI apekSA bhI ho sakatI hai| mAva kI apekSA eka guNa vAlA hone se apradezI aura aneka aMza guNa vAlA bhI hone se sapradezI hai| jaise ki koI pudgala eka aMza kAlA varNaguNa vAlA bhI hotA hai aura aneka aMza kAlAvarNa guNa vAlA bhI hotA hai| pudgala vibhAjana ke prakAra pudgala dravya kA vibhAjana pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai-utkaTa, cUrNa, khaMDa atara aura anutaTikA / utkaTa-mUMga kI phalI kA ttuuttnaa| cUrNa-gehUM Adi kA aattaa| khaMDa-patthara ke ttukdd'e| atara-abhraka ke dala / .. anutaTikA-tAlAba kI draareN| pudgala ke baMdha ke bheda vibhinna paramANuoM ke saMzilaSTa hone, milane, cipakane, jur3ane ko baMdha kahate haiM / isa baMdha ke pramukha do bheda haiM-prAyogika aura vaisasika / prAyogika baMdha jIvaprayala prayoga janya hotA hai aura vaha sAdi hai tathA vainasika baMdha meM vyakti ke prayatna kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai, vaha sahaja svabhAvajanya hai| isake do prakAra haiM-sAdi vainasika aura anAdi vainasika / sAdi vainasika baMdha vaha hai jo banatA hai bigar3atA hai aura usake banane bigar3ane meM kisI vyakti ke prayatna kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai| jaise bAdaloM meM camakane vAlI bijalI, ulkA, megha, indradhanuSa Adi / anAdi vainasika baMdha tadgata svabhAvajanya hai| skaMdha nirmANa kI prakriyA: jaba pratyeka paramANu svatantra ikAI hai taba ve paraspara milakara mahAkAya skandhoM ke rUpa meM kaise pariNata ho jAte haiM ? yaha eka vicAraNIya sthiti hai / paramANu rUpa svatantra ikAI apanA astitva kaise bilIna kara detI hai aura
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________________ varzana aura vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM pudgala : eka vizleSaNAtmaka vivecana 365 . vilIna karane kA kAraNa kyA hai ? paramANu ke nirmANa meM koI rukAvaTa nahIM hai, kyoMki skandha ke chinna-bhinna hone se usake khaMDa-khaMDa hote jAne se paramANu kA nirmANa hotA hai| yaha bAta Aja ke vaijJAnika prayogoM se spaSTa ho cukI hai| lekina skaMdha nirmANa kI prakriyA meM antara hai / prAyogika baMdhajanya skandha nirmANa kI prakriyA ke lie yaha eka sAmAnya bAta hai ki makAna Adi banAte samaya IMToM ko paraspara jor3ane ke lie cUnA, sImeNTa Adi saMyojaka dravya kA upayoga hotA hai| parantu galana-milana rUpa vainasika prakriyA ke kAraNa ananta brahmANDa meM skaMdhoM kA saMghaTana aura vighaTana pratikSaNa svata: bhI hotA rahatA hai / jaise nirabhra AkAza thor3e se samaya meM bAdaloM se bhara jAtA hai, vahA~ bAdala rUpa skandhoM kA jamaghaTa laga jAtA hai aura kucha hI kSaNoM meM vaha bAdala vikharatA bhI dekhA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke svAbhAvika skaMdhoM ke nirmANa kA kyA hetu hai ? hamAre hAthoM meM jo paudgalika vastu AtI hai aura jo dRzyamAna mahala, makAna Adi haiM ve saba to paramANuoM ke samavAyI pariNAma haiM / unameM saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, ananta paramANu haiM / jainadarzana meM skaMdha nirmANa kI eka samucita rAsAyanika prakriyA batalAI hai| jo prAyogika baMdha kI prakriyA se bhinna nahIM hai| vaha saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai pUrva meM yaha saMketa kiyA gayA hai ki pratyeka paramANu meM eka varNa, eka gaMdha, eka rasa tathA snigdha-rUkSa meM se eka tathA zIta-uSNa meM se eka isa prakAra kula do sparza hote haiM / eka paramANu dUsare paramANu ke sAtha jo skaMdhajanaka saMyoga karatA hai, usameM paramANugata varNa, gaMdha rasa tathA zIta yA uSNa sparza kA upayoga nahIM hotA hai, kintu jo snigdha yA rUkSa sparza haiM unhIM kA upayoga hotA hai| jaise ki nirabhra AkAza meM ekAeka bAdaloM ke skaMdhoM ke chA jAne meM nitAnta zAnta vAtAvaraNa meM AMdhI tUphAna ke rUpa meM vAyu ke skaMdhoM ke bhara jAne meM aura thor3I hI dera meM una sabake bikhara jAne meM koI manuSya, deva yA Izvara kAraNa nahIM hai aura na yaha una sabake dvArA kRta hai| kintu paudgalika paramANugata snigdharUkSa sparzoM kA svAbhAvika saMyoga aura viyoga kAraNa hai / isIliye isa skaMdha nirmANa kI prakriyA meM snigdha-rUkSa sparzoM ko mukhya mAnA gayA hai / varNa Adi ke jaise guNAtmaka tAratamya ke ananta prakAra (Degree) hote haiM, vaise hI ye snigdha aura rUkSa sparza bhI eka guNa se lekara ananta guNa prakAra ke ho sakate haiN| skandhoM kI utpatti tIna prakAra se hotI hai--saMghAta, bheda aura bheda-saMghAta / koI skaMdha saMghAta, ekatva pariNati, milane se utpanna hotA hai| koI bheda se aura koI eka sAtha bheda-saMghAta donoM ke nimitta se hotA hai / jaba pRthakpRthak sthita do paramANuoM ke milane para dvi-pradezI skaMdha hotA hai taba vaha saMghAtajanya kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra tIna, cAra, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, ananta yAvat anantAnanta paramANuoM ke milane se jo dvipradezI, tripradezI Adi anantAnanta pradezI skaMdha banate haiM ve saba saMghAtajanya haiN| kisI bar3e skaMdha ke TUTane se jo choTe-choTe skaMdha banate haiM, ve bhedajanya haiN| ye bhI dvipradezI se lekara anantAnanta pradezI taka ho sakate haiN| jaba kisI eka skandha ke TUTane para usake avayava ke sAtha usI samaya dUsare kisI dravya ke milane se jo nayA skaMdha banatA hai taba vaha navIna skaMdha bhedasaMghAtajanya hai| aise skaMdha bhI dvi-pradezI se lekara anantAnanta pradeza vAle ho sakate haiM / ina sabake nirmANa meM snigdhatva aura rUkSatva kAraNa hai| skandha nirmANa kI ukta sAmAnya prakriyA hai / kintu acAkSuSa skandha ke cAkSuSa hone meM bheda aura saMghAta ye do hI hetu haiM / arthAt sabhI atIndriyaka skandhoM ke aindriyaka (indriya grAhya) banane meM bheda aura saMghAta ye do hI hetu apekSita haiM / kyoMki jaba kisI skandha meM sUkSmatva pariNAma kI nivRtti hokara sthUlatva pariNAma paidA hotA hai taba kucha naye paramANu usameM avazya milate haiM aura isI milane ke sAtha kucha paramANu usa skandha meM se alaga bhI ho jAte haiN| sUkSmatva pariNAma kI nivRttipUrvaka sthUlatva pariNAma kI utpatti na kevala saMghAta paramANuoM se hotI hai aura na bheda paramANuoM ke pRthak hone mAtra se hotI hai aura sthUlatva rUpa pariNAma ke alAvA koI skandha cAkSuSa nahIM ho sakatA hai / isIlie cAkSuSa skandha kI utpatti bheda aura saMghAta donoM se batAI hai| skandha nirmANa meM kaunasA paramANu kisa paramANu ke sAtha saMyoga kara sakatA hai ? isake lie janadarzana meM kucha niyama nirdhArita haiM / ve isa prakAra haiM- . * 1. snigdha aura rUkSa paramANuoM ke zleSa (milana) se skandha banate haiM / yaha zleSa do prakAra kA ho sakatA haisadRza aura visadRza / snigdha kA snigdha ke sAya aura rUkSa kA rUkSa ke sAtha zleSa honA sadRza zleSa hai aura snigdha kA rUkSa se zleSa visadRza zleSa hai| isameM snigdha paramANu kA snigdha paramANu ke sAtha mela hone para skandha kA nirmANa avazya ho sakatA hai, lekina usake lie zarta yaha hai ki una donoM paramANuoM kI snigdhatA meM kama se kama do aMzoM se adhika antara ho| isI taraha rUkSatA ke lie bhI samajhanA caahie|
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________________ .366 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa 2. rUkSa paramANu kA snigdha paramANu ke sAtha mela hone se skandha kA nirmANa hotA hai, bazarte ki una donoM paramANuoM kI snigdhatA-rUkSatA meM kama se kama do aMzoM se adhika antara ho| 3. snigdha aura rUkSa paramANuoM ke milana se skandha nirmANa hotA hI hai, cAhe phira ve viSama aMza vAle hoM yA sama aMza vAle arthAt eka paramANu meM snigdhatA hai aura dUsare meM rUkSatA, to aise do paramANuoM kA saMyoga avazya hotA hai| cAhe phira una donoM ke samAna guNa hoM yA viSama guNa hoN| do guNa snigdhatA aura do guNa rUkSatA vAle paramANuoM kA bhI skandha banatA hai aura eka guNa snigdhatA tathA do-tIna yA usase adhika guNa rUkSatA vAle paramANuoM kA bhI skandha banatA hai| ukta niyamoM meM apavAda kevala itanA hI hai ki eka guNa snigdhatA aura eka guNa rUkSatA nahIM honA caahie| arthAt jaghanya guNa vAle paramANu kA kabhI baMdha nahIM hotA hai| kisI bhI skandha nirmANa kI prakriyA meM ukta niyama lAgU par3ate hoM, to vahAM una paramANuoM ke skandha banate hI haiN| isa prakAra do, tIna, cAra yAvata asaMkhya, ananta paramANuoM kA bhI eka skandha bana sakatA hai / lekina aisA koI niyama nahIM hai ki paramANuoM se bane skandha meM vidyamAna rUkSatA aura snigdhatA ke aMzoM meM parivartana na ho taba taka usa skandha meM saMyojita paramANu usa skandha se alaga nahIM ho| kyoMki skandha se paramANu ke pRthak hone kA yahI ekamAtra kAraNa nahIM hai / anya dUsare bhI kAraNa haiN| unameM se koI bhI kAraNa upasthita ho jAye to paramANu usa skandha se alaga ho sakatA hai| ve kAraNa isa prakAra haiM 1. koI bhI skandha adhika se adhika asaMkhya kAla taka raha sakatA hai / arthAt utane kAla ke pUrNa hone para paramANu skandha se alaga ho sakatA hai| 2. anya dravya kA vighaTana hone para bhI skandha kA vighaTana hotA hai| 3. baMdha yogya snigdhatA aura rUkSatA ke guNoM meM parivartana Ane se bhI skandha kA vighaTana hotA hai| 4. skandha meM svAbhAvika rIti se utpanna hone vAlI gati se bhI skandha kA vighaTana hotA hai| skandha nirmANa va vighaTana kI ukta prakriyA kA saMkSepa meM niSkarSa yaha hai ki vighaTana honA bhI pudgala kA svabhAva hai / ataH skandhagata paramANu pRthak bhI hote rahate haiM lekina saMzliSTa hone ke bAre meM niyama haiM ki jaghanya guNAMzoM vAle paramANuoM kA na to sadRza aura na visadRza saMzleSa hotA hai| kintu jaghanya-ekAdhika jaghanyetarasamajaghanyetara, jaghanyetara-ekAdhikajaghanyetara guNAMzoM vAle paramANuoM kA sadRza baMdha to nahIM hotA hai, visadRza baMdha ho sakatA hai| jaghanya-dvayAdhika, jaghanya-tryAdiadhika, jaghanyetara-dvayAdhikajaghanyetara, jaghanyetara-tryAdiadhika jaghanyetara paramANuoM kA sadRza va visadRza baMdha hotA hai| skandha ke sambandha meM vizeSa jJAtavya . - skandha ke lakSaNa, nirmANa prakriyA Adi ke bAre meM Upara sAmAnya jAnakArI dI gaI hai| usake atirikta kucha vizeSa jJAtavya isa prakAra hai ki pudgala dravya hote hue ajIva, rUpI tathA bahupradezI hone se astikAya dravya hai / skandha kI niSpatti paramANuoM ke paraspara milane se hotI hai / skandha sUkSma pariNAma vAle bhI hote haiM aura bAdara pariNAma vAle bhI hote haiN| donoM ananta pradezI bhI ho sakate haiM / skandha pudgala dravya kI apekSA sapradezI hai, apradezI nahIM hai / kSetra kI apekSA apradezI bhI hotA hai aura sapradezI bhI / arthAt eka AkAza pradeza meM avagAhana karane vAlA bhI hotA hai aura aneka AkAza pradezoM meM bhI raha sakatA hai / kAla kI apekSA sapradezI bhI hotA hai aura apradezI bhii| arthAt eka samaya kI sthiti vAlA bhI hotA hai aura aneka samaya kI sthiti vAlA bhii| bhAva kI apekSA bhI sapradezI aura apradezI hai| yAnI eka aMza guNa vAlA bhI hotA hai aura aneka aMza guNa vAlA bhI / samaparamANu vAle skandha sArtha, amadhya aura sapradezI haiM tathA viSama paramANu vAle skandha anardha, samadhya aura sapradezI haiM / dvipradezI skandha se lekara asaMkhyAta va katipaya ananta pradezI skandha itane sUkSma haiM ki chadmastha tathA avadhijJAnI to nahIM dekhate haiM, kintu kevalajJAnI tathA parama avadhijJAnI dekha sakate haiM / skandhoM kI gati AkAza pradezoM kI paMkti ke anurUpa hotI hai| inameM sAdi pAriNAmika bhAva hai, anAdi pAriNAmika bhAva nahIM hai tathA saMtati pravAha kI apekSA anAdi ananta aura sthiti kI apekSA sAdi sAnta haiN| paramANu viSayaka vaktavya ___sAmAnya rUpa se pudgala aura usake bheda skandha va paramANu ke bAre meM vicAra karane ke anantara aba paramANu viSayaka vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa karate haiN|
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________________ darzana aura vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM pudgala : eka vizleSaNAtmaka vivecama 3670 paramANu kA lAkSaNika svarUpa Upara batAyA gayA hai| usakA saMkSipta Azaya yaha hai ki saba dravyoM meM jisakI apekSA anya koI anuttara na ho, parama atyanta aNutva ho use paramANu kahate haiN| paramANu do prakAra kA hai-kArya paramANu aura kAraNa paramANu / skandha ke vighaTana se utpanna hone vAlA kArya paramANu hai aura jina paramANuoM ke milane se koI skandha kA nirmANa ho, bane unheM kAraNa paramANu kahate haiN| athavA paramANu ke cAra prakAra haiM-dravya paramANu, kSetra paramANu, kAla paramANu, bhAva paramANu / jinheM Adhunika vijJAna kI bhASA meM kramazaH padArtha, sthAna, kAla (samaya) aura zakti yA guNavattA kI ikAI ke nAma se kahA jA sakatA hai| bhAva paramANu ke cAra bheda haiM-varNa guNa, gandha guNa, rasa guNa, sparza guNa / inake upabheda solaha haiM / jo isa prakAra hai (1-5) eka guNa varNa kramazaH kRSNa, nIla, lAla, pIta, zveta (6-7) eka guNa durgandha eka guNa sugandha, (8-12) eka guNa rasa kramazaH tikta, madhura, kaTuka, kaSAya aura amla, (13-16) eka guNa uSNa, eka guNa zIta, eka guNa rUkSa, eka guNa snigdha / tAtparya yaha hai ki paramANu varNa gandha rasa sparzabAna hai aura aisA honA pudgala kA svabhAva hai|| paramANu meM varNa, gandha Adi hone kI vyavasthA isa prakAra hai-pUrvokta pA~ca prakAra ke vargoM meM se koI eka varNa do gaMdhoM meM se koI eka gaMdha, pAMca rasoM meM se koI eka rasa aura cAra sparzoM meM do sparza hote haiM-snigdha-rUkSa meM se eka aura zIta yA uSNa meM se ek| paramANu kI paribhASA TIkAkAroM ne isa prakAra kI hai kAraNameva tadantyaM sUkSmo nityazca bhavati paramANuH / eka rasa-gaMdha-varNo-dvi-sparzaH kAryaliMgazca / / arthAt paramANu skandha pudgaloM ke nirmANa kA antya kAraNa hai / yAnI vaha skandha mAtra meM upAdAna hai / vaha sUkSmatama hai / ataH bhUta, vartamAna aura anAgata kAla meM thA, hai aura rahegA vaha eka rasa, eka gandha, eka varNa aura do sparza yukta hai aura kAryaliMga hai / kAryaliMga kA tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha paramANu netroM yA anya kisI vaijJAnika upakaraNoM sAdhanoMsUkSma-vIkSaNa yantra Adi se dIkhatA nahIM hai kintu sAmUhika kriyA-kalApa evaM tajjanya kArya se usakA astitva mAnA jAtA hai / usake svarUpa ko kevalajJAnI yA parama avadhijJAnI hI jAnate aura dekhate haiN| paramANu-paramANu ke bIca aisI koI bheda-rekhA nahIM hai ki eka paramANu dUsare paramANu rUpa na ho sake / koI bhI paramANu kAlAntara meM kisI bhI paramANu ke sadRza-visadRza ho sakatA hai / Adhunika vijJAna kI bhI yahI mAnyatA ho gaI hai / varNa, gandha Adi guNoM se saba paramANu sadRza nahIM rahate haiM / unake guNoM meM parivartana hote rahane athavA guNoM kI taratamatA se paramANu ke ananta bheda ho jAte haiM / jaise ki vizva meM jitane kRSNa varNa paramANu haiM, ve saba samAna aMzoM meM kAle nahIM haiM / eka paramANu eka guNAMza vAlA hai to dUsarA do guNAMza vAlA / gandha, rasa, sparza Adi ko lekara bhI isI prakAra eka se ananta guNAMza paryanta antara rahatA hai aura yaha guNAMzAntara zAzvata nahIM hai, usameM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| yahA~ taka ki eka guNa rUkSa paramANu kAlAntara meM ananta guNa rUkSa ho sakatA hai tathA ananta guNa rUkSa paramANu eka guNa vaalaa| paramANu kI isa pariNamanazIlatA ke lie zAstroM meM SaDguNI-hAnivRddhi zabda kA upayoga kiyA hai aura yaha hAni-vRddhi svAbhAvika hotI hai| paramANu jar3a, acetana hotA huA bhI gatidharma vAlA hai / usakI gati anya pudgala prerita bhI hotI hai aura aprerita bhii| vaha sarvadA gatimAna rahatA ho, gati karatA rahatA ho, aisI bhI bAta nahIM hai, kintu kabhI karatA hai aura kabhI nahIM karatA hai / yaha agatimAna niSkriya paramANu kaba gati karegA, yaha anizcita hai, isI prakAra sakriya paramANu kaba gati aura kriyA banda kara degA, yaha bhI aniyata hai / vaha eka samaya se lekara AvalI ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga samaya meM kisI samaya bhI gati va kriyA banda kara sakatA hai kintu AvalI ke asaMkhyAta bhAga uparAnta vaha nizcita hI gati va kriyA prArambha kregaa| paramANu kI svAbhAvika gati sarala rekhA meM hotI hai / gati meM vakratA tabhI AtI hai, jaba anya pudgala kA sahakAra hotA hai| paramANu apanI tIvratama utkRSTa gati se eka samaya meM caudaha rAjU pramANa U~ce loka ke pUrva caramAnta se pazcima caramAnta, uttara caramAnta se dakSiNa caramAnta tathA aghocaramAnta se Urdhva-caramAnta taka pahuMca sakatA hai / isI prakAra paramANu kI tIvratama gati ke samAna alpatama gati ke lie zAstroM meM batAyA hai ki vaha kama se kama gati karatA huA eka samaya meM AkAza ke eka pradeza se apane nikaTavartI dUsare pradeza meM jA sakatA hai| yaha pradeza bhI utanA hI choTA hai, jitanA ki eka paramANu / arthAt pradeza use kahate haiM jitane sthAna ko eka paramANu apane avasthAna dvArA rokatA hai| CIR
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________________ * 368 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm..+++remium++++00kuma.0000-00-00-00-00-000000000000 ukta kathana meM samaya aura rAjU kA artha jJAtavya hai| yaha donoM jaina pAribhASika zabda haiN| unameM se samaya kAla kA carama aMza hai| sthUla rUpa se hama use isa prakAra samajha sakate haiM ki hamArI A~khoM ke palaka ko eka bAra uThane aura girane mAtra meM asaMkhya samaya vyatIta ho jAte haiN| una asaMkhya samayoM meM se eka aMza meM paramANu loka ke adhocaramAnta se UrdhvacaramAnta taka calA jAtA hai / rAjU ke bAre meM batAyA gayA hai ki koI deva hajAra mana ke lohe ke gole ko hAtha meM uThAkara ananta AkAza meM chor3a de aura vaha golA chaha mahIne taka adha:patita hotA jAye to usa avadhi meM jitane AkAza deza kA avagAhana karatA hai, vaha eka rAjU hai| aise caudaha rAjuoM kI U~cAI vAlA yaha loka hai / ataH eka samaya meM loka ke isa chora se usa chora taka pahuMcane vAle paramANu kI tIvratama gati kA isase anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| paramANu meM jIva nimittaka koI kriyA, gati nahIM ho sakatI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki paramANu jIva dvArA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA pudgala ko grahaNa kiye binA pudagala meM pariNamana karAne kI jIva meM zakti nahIM hai| paramANu apratighAtI hai / arthAt vaha apane avasthAna se na to kisI ko rokatA hai aura na svayaM rukatA hai| usakI avyAhata, pratighAta rahita gati hotI hai / parvata, vaja Adi koI bhI usakI gati meM rukAvaTa nahIM DAla sakate haiN| paramANu meM sUkSmapariNAmAvagAhana kI vilakSaNa zakti hai / ataeva jisa AkAza pradeza meM eka paramANu sthita hai, usI AkAza pradeza meM dUsarA paramANu bhI svatantratApUrvaka raha sakatA hai aura usI AkAza pradeza meM ananta pradezI skandha bhI Thahara jAtA hai / yaha saba sUkSmapariNAmAvagAhana zakti ke kAraNa sambhava hotA hai / dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA paramANu kI sapradezitA aura apradezitA kA vicAra kiyA jAye to paramANu dravya kI apekSA apradezI hai aura kSetra kI apekSA to niyamataH apradezI hai arthAt eka AkAza pradeza kA hI avagAhana karatA hai, kAla kI apekSA kadAcit apradezI aura kadAcit sapradezI hai| yAnI eka samaya kI sthiti vAlA hone se apradezI aura aneka samaya kI sthiti vAlA bhI hone se sapradezI hai / bhAva kI apekSA kadAcit apradezI aura kadAcit sapradezI hai, yAnI eka aMza guNa vAlA bhI hotA hai aura aneka aMza guNa vAlA bhI / paramANu kI sUkSmatA, abhedatA Adi ko isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai ki paramANu talavAra Adi kI dhAra para raha sakatA hai aura vahA~ avasthita usa paramANu kA chedana-bhedana nahIM hotA hai, agni ke madhya meM praviSTa hokara bhI jalatA nahIM hai| puSkara saMvartaka nAmaka mahAmegha ke madhya bhI praviSTa hokara gIlA nahIM hotA hai tathA gaMgA nadI ke pratisrota pravAha meM praviSTa hokara bhI pratiskhalita nahIM hotA hai aura udagArvata yA udak (pAnI) bindu meM praviSTa hokara bhI naSTa nahIM hotA hai| vijJAna pakSa aura pugala pudgala ke sambandha meM jaina dArzanika pakSa kI saMkSepa meM mImAMsA karane ke pazcAt aba vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa prastuta karate haiN| anAdikAla se vizva ko pahacAnane ke prayatna ho rahe haiN| mAnava mastiSka meM jijJAsA huI ki yaha jagata kina tattvoM se nirmita hotA hai ? ina tattvoM kA prArambha aura pralaya kaise hotA hai ? isI jijJAsA ke AdhAra se aneka darzanoM kA janma huaa| vijJAna kI dhArA bhI isI ora gatizIla hai / darzanoM ne apanI jijJAsA ke samAdhAna ke lie jar3a aura cetana ina do padArthoM ko kendrabindu banAyA lekina vijJAna ke vikAsa kA AdhAra mautika padArtha haiN| pahale jijJAsA huI ki isa dRzyamAna jagata meM asaMkhya prakAra ke pArthiva padArtha bhare par3e haiM, una padArthoM kA upAdAna kAraNa kyA hai ? aura isake samAdhAna ke lie pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura AkAza ina pAMca bhUtoM kI kalpanA uThI aura apane-apane dRSTikoNa se vaijJAnikoM ne unameM se pratyeka ko alaga kAraNa batAyA / lekina anta meM isa niSkarSa para pahuMce ki mUla tattva to ina paMca bhUtoM se atirikta aura koI dUsarA padArtha hai / ye bhUta to usake saMmizraNa kA pariNAma haiN| isI cintana ke phalasvarUpa vijJAna ke kSetra meM paramANu kA praveza huA aura yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki paramANubAda yUnAna kI dena hai / DemokreTsa pahalA vyakti thA, jisane kahA thA-yaha saMsAra zUnya AkAza aura adRzya, avibhAjya ananta paramANuoM kI eka ikAI hai / dRzya aura adRzya sabhI saMgaThana paramANuoM ke saMyoga aura viyoga ke hI pariNAma haiM / paramANu sambandhI usakI dhAraNA isa prakAra hai (1) padArtha (Matter) saMsAra meM ekAkAra nahIM kintu vibhakta vyApta hai| (2) saMsAravyApI samasta padArthapiMDa Thosa paramANuoM se nirmita haiN| ve paramANu vistRta AkAzantara se pRthak haiM / pratyeka paramANu eka svatantra ikAI hai| 00
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________________ darzana aura vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM pudgala : eka vizleSaNAtmaka vivecana 366 (3) paramANu acchedya, abhedya aura avinAzI haiM / ve pUrNa aura sadaiva zuddha, navIna aura nirmala haiM jaise ki saMsAra kI zuruAta meM the| (4) pratyeka paramANu meM AkAra, lambAI, caur3AI aura vajana ko lekara pRthaktA hotI hai| (5) paramANu oM ke prakAra saMkhyAta haiM, kintu unameM se pratyeka prakAra ke paramANu ananta haiN| (6) padArthoM ke guNa paramANuoM ke svabhAva , saMvidhAna arthAt kauna se paramANu kisa prakAra se saMyukta hue haiM, para nirbhara haiN| (7) paramANu nirantara gatizIla haiN| DemokreTsa ke samaya se lekara vartamAna samaya taka paramANu ke bAre meM anveSaNa kA krama cAlU hai aura isase naye tathya bhI sAmane Aye haiM, jinakA ullekha Age kiyA jA rahA hai, lekina vaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi meM aba taka vaha paramANu acchedya, abhedya aura nyUnatama hI banA rahA hai / usake carama aMza kI prApti nahIM kI jA sakI hai jaisA jainadarzana meM batAyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM to paramANu ko sUkSmatama batAyA hai aura vijJAna bhI use sUkSma mAnatA hai aura usake paramANu kI sUkSmatA kA anumAna isI bAta se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki pacAsa zaMkha paramANuoM kA vajana kevala DhAI tole ke lagabhaga hotA hai aura vyAsa eka iMca kA dasa karor3avAM hissA hai| sigareTa lapeTane ke patale kAgaja athavA pataMgI kAgaja kI moTAI meM eka se eka saTAkara paramANuoM ko rakhA jAye to eka lAkha paramANu A jaayeNge| soDA vATara ko gilAsa meM DAlane para jo choTI-choTI bUMdeM nikalatI haiM, unameM se eka ke paramANuoM ko ginane ke lie saMsAra ke tIna araba vyaktiyoM ko lagAyA jAye aura ve nirantara binA khAye, pIye, soye lagAtAra prati minaTa tIna sau kI cAla se ginate jAyeM to usa laghutama bUMda ke paramANuoM kI samasta saMkhyA ko ginane meM cAra mAha laga jaayeNge| paramANu : vaijJAnika zoSa-dhArA jaisA ki Upara batAyA gayA hai ki vaijJAnikoM ne pahale to pRthvI Adi paMca bhUtoM ko sRSTi kA mUla kAraNa mAnA aura usake bAda ve ukta nirNaya meM bhI parivartana karane ke lie vivaza hue| isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki jaba rasAyana ke kSetra meM lohe yA tAMbe ko sonA banAne kI hor3a lagI to nizcaya huA ki paMcabhUta mUla tattva hI nahIM haiN| mUla tattva to inase atirikta aura padArtha haiN| phira bhI mUla tattva kI zodha ke AdhAra paMcabhUta hI rhe| paMcabhUtoM meM vAyu bhI eka tattva thA, lekina usameM bhAra nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| voyala ne apane anusandhAna se pahale pahala batAyA ki usameM bhAra hai / usa samaya taka vibhinna svabhAvavAlI gaisoM kA AviSkAra ho cukA thA, kintu ve vAyu kA hI prakAra mAnI jAtI thiiN| kArbanaDAI AksAiDa kA patA pahale pahala iMgala nivAsI blaika ne san 1755 meM lagAyA aura isakA nAma sthiravAyu rkhaa| anantara AksIjana (prANa vAyu) kI khoja bIsTalI ne kI aura kahA ki Aga ko jalAne evaM prANaghAriyoM ko zvAsa lene ke liye isakI AvazyakatA hotI hai / henDIka veDinsa ne pAnI para anveSaNa karake use AksIjana aura hAiDrojana ke mizraNa kA pariNAma siddha kiyA ki pAnI kA skandha (sUkSmAtisUkSma kaNa) hAiDrojana ke do paramANu aura AksIjana ke eka paramANu se milakara banA hai| isase pAnI ko mUla dravya mAnane kI dhAraNA kA aMta huaa| ina anveSaNoM meM hAiDrojana ke paramANu ko sabase choTA dekhakara pahale samajhA gayA ki yaha saba tattvoM kA mUla hai| lekina hAiDrojana ke paramANu ko bhI jaba bArIkI se taula gayA to spaSTa ho gayA ki vaha bhI sabhI padArthoM kA mUla tattva nahIM ho sakatA hai| vaha bhI mizrita hai aura maulika dravya kI paribhASA yaha mAnI gaI thI ki vaha kisI bhI saMmizraNa kA pariNAma na ho| isa prakAra pA~ca bhUtoM se prArambha huI maulika tattvoM kI saMkhyA pahale unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha taka 30 ho gaI aura Aja to bar3hate-bar3hate 103 taka pahuMca gaI hai| __san 1811 taka aNu hI sabase sUkSma tattva samajhA jAtA rahA / isake bAda vaijJAnika avogadrA ne khojakara aNu se paramANu ko alaga kiyA aura vaha sUkSma avayava mAnA jAtA rhaa| isake bAda sana 1897 meM sara je. je. TAmasana ne paramANu ke anveSaNa ke samaya eka aura Tukar3A pAyA jo choTe se hAiDrojana paramANu se bhI atyanta choTA thA jise ilekTrona kahA jAtA hai / usane aNu ke bAre meM abhI taka kI sabhI mAnyatAoM ko badala diyA tathA. sonA, cAMdI Adi mUlabhUta tattva eka naye rUpa meM hI pahacAne jAne lge| - TAmasana ke ziSya sadaraphorDa ne paramANu ke bhItarI DhAMce ke bAre meM bahuta-sI mahatvapUrNa zo kiiN| jinase jJAta huA ki paramANu ke nAma se jJAta choTe se choTe aNu ke andara saura parivAra kA eka nayA saMsAra hI basA huA hai|
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________________ 370 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa - emamuraritriti.irni.irnimommunit................ .. barA pratyeka paramANu ke aneka kaNa haiN| unameM se kucha kendra meM sthita haiM aura kucha usa kendra kI nAnA kakSAoM meM nirantara atyanta tIvra gati se paribhramaNa karate rahate haiM jaise ki sUrya ke cAroM ora maMgala Adi graha / kendrastha kaNoM meM dhana vidyuta hai aura paribhramaNazIla kaNoM meM RNa vidyuta aura una samasta paramANuoM ko 103 maulika bhedoM meM isaliye bA~TA gayA ki unakI saMghaTanA meM RNANuoM aura dhanANuoM kA kramika antara rahatA hai| Upara ke ullekha se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki vaijJAnika mAnya maulika tattvoM meM pahalA tattva hAiDrojana hai / isameM eka dhanANu (Proton proTona) aura eka RNANu (Electron ilekTrona) hotA hai| dhana bijalI kA kArya kisI padArtha ko apanI ora khIMcanA hai aura RNa bijalI padArtha ko dUra phaikatI hai / ina donoM virodhI kaNoM kA pariNAma hAiDrojana aNu hai / kintu donoM prakAra kI vidyuta samAna hone para hAiDrojana kA paramANu na RNAtmaka hai aura na dhanAtmaka hai apitu taTastha svabhAva vAlA hai| hAiDrojana ke bAda dUsare nambara ke tatva kA nAma heliyama hai| usake kendra meM do proTona aura do ilekTrona hote haiM / jo nirantara apane nAbhikaNa kI parikramA karate haiM / isI prakAra tIsare-cauthe, likiyama, beriliyama Adi meM kramazaH eka-eka bar3hate hue aNu kendra aura kakSAgata haiN| sabase antima tattva yUreniyama meM 92 proTona nAbhikaNa meM aura utane hI ilekTrona vibhinna kakSAoM meM apane kendra kI parikramA karate haiM / lekina hAiDrojana paramANu meM eka hI ilekTrona hai, jisase kakSA bhI eka hai / anya paramANuoM meM sabhI proTrona ekIbhUta hokara nAbhikaNa kA rUpa le lete haiM aura ilekTrona aneka ToliyoM meM sunizcita kakSAyeM banAkara ghUmate rahate haiN| " proTona (dhanANu) bhI svayaM apane Apa meM svatantra kaNa na hokara nyUTrona aura pojITrona kA sAMyogika pariNAma hai, nyUTrona yAnI jisameM na to ilekTrona kI RNAtmaka bijalI hai aura na proTrona kI dhanAtmaka / arthAt yaha taTastha hai| pojITrona meM bijalI kI mAtrA to proTona ke samAna hI rahatI hai, bhUtamAtrA ilekTrona ke barAbara / isa prakAra Adhunika padArtha vijJAna brahmANDa ke upAdAna kI khoja meM aNu aNugucchakoM, paramANu meM bhaTakA aura aba usakI yAtrA ilekTrona, nyUTrona, pojITrona kI ora ho rahI hai| lekina isa anveSaNa kA pariNAma aba yaha AyA ki vaijJAnika yaha kahane kA sAhasa nahIM kara pA rahe haiM ki hama sUkSmatama upAdAna taka pahuMca gaye haiM / unakA vizvAsa bAra-bAra badala rahA hai ki kahIM ilekTrona Adi sUkSma kaNoM ke andara koI dUsarA saura parivAra na nikala aaye| vijJAna mAnya paramANu ko gati jaina darzana mAnya paramANu kI adhikatama aura nyUnatama gati kA pUrva ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki vaha eka samaya meM kama se kama AkAza ke eka pradeza se pradezAntara meM gamana, avagAhana kara sakatA hai aura adhika se adhika caturdaza rajjvAtmaka loka meN| isa nyUnatama aura adhikatama do gatiyoM kA ullekha kara dene se madhya kI sArI gatiyAM vaha yathAprasaMga karatA rahatA hai / Adhunika vijJAna ne bhI aNu paramANu kI aisI gatiyoM ko pakar3a liyA hai jo sAdhAraNa manuSya kI kalpanA se pare haiN| vijJAna kahatA hai ki pratyeka ilekTrona apanI kakSA para prati sekiNDa 1300 mIla kI raphtAra se gati karatA hai| gaisa aura usI prakAra ke padArthoM ko aNuoM kA kaMpana itanA zIghra hotA hai ki prati sekiNDa chaha araba bAra TakarA jAtA hai, jabaki do aNuoM ke bIca kA sthAna eka iMca kA tIsa lAkhavAM hissA hai| prakAza kI gati prati sekiNDa 1,86,000 mIla hai / hIre Adi Thosa padArthoM meM aNuoM kI gati 960 mIla hai| isa prakAra janadarzana aura vijJAna, aNu-paramANu ko gatizIla mAnane taka to eka mata hai ki paramANu gati karatA hai / lekina gati ke bAre meM donoM meM jahA~ sAdharmya hai vahA~ vaidhayaM bhI hai / vijJAna ke anusAra ilekTrona sabase choTA kaNa hai aura usakI gati golAkAra meM hai aura jainadarzana ke anusAra paramANu kI svAbhAvika gati AkAza pradezoM ke anusAra sarala rekhA meM hai aura vaibhAvika gati vakra rekhA meM / paramANu kA samAsIkaraNa jainadarzana meM batAyA hai ki paramANu meM sUkSma pariNAmAvagAhana zakti hai / jisase thor3e se paramANu eka vistRta AkAza khaNDa ko ghera lete haiM aura kabhI-kabhI ve paramANu ghanIbhUta hokara bahuta choTe AkAza deza meM samA jAte haiM aura ve anantAnanta paramANu nirvirodha rUpa se usa eka AkAza pradeza meM raha sakate haiM / padArtha kI isa sUkSmapariNati ke saMbaMdha meM yadyapi vaijJAnikoM kI pahuMca abhI isa parAkASThA taka nahIM ho sakI hai, phira bhI paramANu kI sUkSmapariNati ke bAre meM hone vAle vaijJAnika prayoga jainadarzana ke vicAroM kI puSTi kara rahe haiN| sAdhAraNatayA sonA, pArA, zIzA, pleTinama Adi
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________________ darzana aura vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM pudgala : eka vizleSaNAtmaka vivecana Adi bhArI vajanadAra padArtha mAne jAte haiN| eka iMca ke kASTha Tukar3e meM aura utane hI bar3e lohe ke Tukar3e ke bhAra meM kitanA antara hai ? yaha spaSTa hai / jisakA kAraNa paramANuoM kI saghanatA, niviDatA hai| jitane AkAza khaMDa ko usa kASTha ke choTe se paramANuoM ne gherA, utane hI AkAza khaMDa meM adhikAdhika paramANu ekatrita hokara khanija padArthoM, sonA, cAMdI Adi ke rUpa meM raha sakate haiN| isI taraha anya saghana Thosa padArthoM ke bAre meM jAnA jA sakatA hai jo apanI saghanatA se eka choTe se AkAza khaMDa meM rahate haiM aura unake bhAra ko uThAne ke liye bar3e-bar3e krena bhI asaphala, akSama ho jAyeM tathA eka choTA-sA DhelA Upara se girakara bar3e-bar3e bhavanoM ko bhI tor3a sakatA hai / jainadarzana ke anusAra eka choTA-sA vAlukaNa ananta paramANuoM kA piMDa hai, jise skandha kahate haiM, choTe se choTA skandha do paramANuoM kA hotA hai| A~khoM se dikhane vAle padArtha to ananta pradezAtmaka haiM aura skandha ke tor3ane se bhI skandha banate jAte haiM / lekina paramANu ke bAre meM yaha niyama sthiti lAgU nahIM hotI hai / kyoMki paramANu padArtha kA vaha anuttara parama aNu hai jise alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai yAnI paramANu ko kabhI bhI paramANu se pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / vaha svayaM apanA Adi, madhya aura anta hai / yahI dhAraNA aba vijJAna kI bhI banatI jA rahI hai / vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI aba yahI carcA hone lagI hai| pro. anDreDa ne kahA hai ki eka auMsa pAnI meM itane skandha haiM jinako ginane ke liye saMsAra ke sabhI manuSya laga jAyeM aura prati sekinDa pAMca kI gati se dina-rAta ginate jAyeM to unakA yaha ginatI kA kArya cAlIsa lAkha varSoM meM pUrA ho sakegA / yahI anumAna havA ke bAre meM lagAyA gayA hai ki eka iMca lambI, eka iMca caur3I aura eka iMca U~cI DibiyA meM samA jAne vAlI havA meM 4424 ke Upara 17 zUnya rakhe jAyeM to usa saMkhyA ke barAbara skandha usameM haiN| jaba inameM (pAnI aura havA meM ) itane skandha haiM to paramANuoM kI saMkhyA kA to anumAna hI nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra pudgala va padArtha kI sUkSmatA aura saghanatA ke donoM pakSoM ( darzana va vijJAna) meM aura bhI aneka udAharaNa milate haiM / paramANu kI jainadarzana mAnya sUkSmatA aura saghanatA kA to pUrva meM spaSTa ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai / jaina zAstroM meM paramANu ke do bheda batalAye haiM- paramANu aura vyavahAra paramANu / avibhAjya sUkSmatama aNu paramANu hai aura sUkSma skandha jo indriya vyavahAra meM sUkSmarAma sAgate haiM, ve vyavahAra paramANu hai jinako are, vasareNu, ratha-reNu Adi zabdoM se kahA gayA hai| vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI aba aise vyavahAra pracalita ho gaye haiM ki jise paramANu mAnA gayA hai, vaha to parama aNu nahIM hai kintu vyavahAra se usa aNu kI pahicAna paramANu zabda se hotI hai| jainadarzana kI dRSTi meM ilekTrona Adi anya kaNa bhI vyavahAra paramANu haiM, yathArtha paramANu nahIM haiM / 371 jainadarzana meM pudgala ke sthUla sthUla ( ati sthUla) Adi chaha bheda batAye haiM / jinakI vyAkhyA kA pUrva meM saMketa kiyA gayA hai / vijJAna ne bhI padArtha ko Thosa, tarala aura vASpa ina tIna bhedoM meM bA~TA hai| ye tInoM bheda jainadarzana ke chaha maMdoM meM se kramavAH prathama atisthUla, dvitIya sthUla aura caturtha sUkSma sthUla meda meM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM Thosa ( ati sthUla) Adi tIna bhedoM ke atirikta aura bhI padArtha the, isIliye unhoMne padArtha ke chaha meda kiye / aNu vikhaNDana ke pazcAt jo vibhinna prakAra ke padArtha kaNa sAmane Aye to vaijJAnikoM ke tIna bheda bhI aba kevala kahane mAtra ke liye raha gaye haiM / vaijJAnika isa bAta ko svIkAra karate haiM aura unako kisa nAma se kahA jAye ? vicAragIya hai| anusAra hai Trsa kI paramANu sambandhI mAnyatAoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki pratyeka paramANu svatantra ikAI hai| jabaki jainadarzana kA mata hai ki pratyeka paramANu apane guNa, paryAyoM ko rUpAntarita kara sakatA hai / aba yahI bAta vaijJAnikoM ne bhI svIkAra karalI hai / san 1941 meM vaijJAnika beMjAmina ne pAre ko sone ke rUpa meM parivartita kiyaa| pAre ke aNu kA bhAra do sau aMza hotA hai / use eka aMza bhAra vAle vidyuta proTona se visphoTita kiyA gayA jisase proTona pAre meM ghulamila gayA taba usakA mAra 201 aMza ho jAnA cAhiye thaa| lekina usa mile hue aNu kI mUla dhUli meM se eka alphA biMdu jisakA bhAra cAra aMza thA, svataH nikala bhaagaa| pariNAmataH pAre kA bhAra 201 aMza se ghaTakara 167 aMza kA ho gayA / isa 167 aMza bhAra kA hI to sonA hotA hai / isI taraha san 1953 meM pleTinama ko sone meM parivartita karane meM saphalatA milii| ina prayogoM se yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki vijJAna mAnya mUla dravyoM meM parivartana na hone kI bAta aba kalpanA kI ur3Ana raha gaI hai| vijJAna jainadarzana ke mata kI ora agrasara ho rahA hai ki paramANu apane guNa-paryAyoM ko rUpAntarita kara sakatA hai, usake guNa paryAyoM meM parivartana hotA hai| Upara darzana aura vijJAna ke paramANu kI saMkSipta jAnakArI dI hai| jisakI samokSA kA sArAMza nIce likhe o
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________________ 372 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa jainadarzana meM paramANu kI vyAkhyA karate hue aneka bAtoM vizeSatAoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue kahA hai ki paramANu pudgala avibhAjya, acchedya, abhedya, adAhya aura agrAhya hai| usakI gati apratihata hai / vaha anaghaM, amadhya, apradezI hai Adi aura DemokreTsa ne bhI paramANu kI jo paribhASA batAI hai usameM kahA gayA hai-- paramANu acche ameya aura avinAzI hai| ve pUrNa haiM aura tAje (naye) hai, jaise ki saMsAra kI Adi meM the| + ukta donoM vyAkhyAoM meM kucha samAnatA hai aura bhAvAbhivyakti ke liye zAbdika prayoga bhI samAna haiM lekina DemokreTsa kA mAnA gayA acchedya, ameca paramANu Aja khaMDita ho cukA hai| usameM pahale ilekTrona aura proTona kA patA calA aura vikAsa vizleSaNa ke sAtha aba proTona bhI eka zAzvata ikAI nahIM rahA / usameM se nyUTrona aura pojITrona jaise kaNa eka ikAI ke rUpa meM nikala par3e haiN| isI taraha kI prakriyA Age bhI cAlU haiM, jisase yaha dAvA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ki vAstava meM paramANu kise kahA jAye ? carama parama kauna hai ? vijJAna mAnya paramANu ke andara jitane bhI kaNa haiM, ve jainadarzana kI paribhASA ke anusAra paramANu kahalAne kI kSamatA vAle nahIM hai, unheM paramANu nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki usake anusAra to ve Aja taka khoje gaye sUkSma kaNa asaMkhya aura ananta pradezAtmaka haiN| jisase unheM paramANu kI bajAya skandha kahanA caahiye| yaha kevala eka kalpanA kI bAta hai ki aba ilekTrona Adi kaNoM ke vikhaMDita hone kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| yahI bAta pahale aNu ko lekara bhI kahI jAtI thI, lekina use bhI svayaM vaijJAnikoM ne khaMDita karake apane nirNaya ko badala diyaa| isa prakriyA kA pariNAma, yaha avazya huA ki prakRti ne apane rahasya ko manuSya ke samakSa AMzika rUpa meM udghATita kiyA hai, lekina bhaviSya meM kyA rUpa banegA ? prakRti apane antara meM na jAne kaise-kaise rahasya chipAye hue haiM ? yaha abhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| atIndriya prekSakoM ne jisa paramANu kA darzana karAyA hai, vahA~ taka manuSya apanI kSamatA se pahu~ca sakegA, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai / vijJAna mAnya skandha kI paribhASA jainadarzana mAnya skandha kI paribhASA ko pUrva meM batAyA gayA hai ki do se lekara yAvat ananta paramANuoM kA ekIbhAva skandha hai / yaha skandha vibhinna paramANuoM ke eka, saMghAtita hone se banatA hai, vaise hI vividha skandhoM kA eka honA va eka skandha kA eka se adhika khaMDoM meM paramANu rUpa ikAI na Ane taka TUTane kA pariNAma mI eka svatantra skandha hai / darzana kI taraha vijJAna meM bhI skaMdha kI carcA hai / vahA~ batAyA gayA hai ki padArtha skandhoM se nirmita hai / ve skandha gaisa Adi padArthoM meM bahuta tIvratA se sabhI dizAoM meM gati karate haiN| siddhAntataH skandha vaha hai ki eka cAka kA Tukar3A jisake do Tukar3e kiye jAyeM aura phira do ke cAra, isI krama se asaMkhya taka karate jAyeM jaba taka ki vaha cAka cAka ke rUpa meM rahe to usakA vaha sUkSmatama vibhAga skandha kahalAyegA / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki kisI bhI padArtha ke hama Tukar3e karate jAyeMge to eka rekhA aisI A jAyegI, jahA~ se vaha padArtha apanI maulikatA khoye binA nahIM TUTa sakegA ataH usa padArtha kA mUla rUpa sthira rakhate hue usakA jo antima Tukar3A hai, vaha eka skandha hai / jainadarzana aura vijJAna kRta skandha kI vyAkhyA meM kucha samAnatA hai to kucha asamAnatA bhI hai| jainadarzana ne padArtha kI eka ikAI ko eka skandha mAnA hai| jaise ghar3A, meja, kursI Adi / ghar3e ke do Tukar3e ho gaye to do skandha, isI taraha dasa, bIsa Adi hajAra Tukar3e ho jAyeM to ve saba skandha hI haiN| yadi usako pIsakara cUrNa kara liyA to eka eka kaNa eka-eka skandha hai / jabaki vijJAna meM padArtha kA mUla rUpa sthira rakhate hue usakA antima Tukar3A yAnI eka hI skandha hai, jise yadi phira tor3A jAye to vaha apane rUpa ko khokara anya padArtha jAti meM pariNata ho jAyegA / jainadarzana kI dRSTi se vaha antima aNu skandha to hai hI kintu padArtha svarUpa ke badalane kI apekSA na rakhate hue vaha jaba taka tor3A jA sakatA hai arthAt jaba taka paramANu ke rUpa meM pariNata nahIM ho jAtA taba taka vaha skandha hai aura usake saha dharmI jitane bhI Tukar3e haiM, ve bhI skandha haiN| paramANu rUpa avasthA ko prApta hone ke pUrva taka padArtha ke sabhI aMza skandha kahalAyeMge / vijJAna kI skandha nirmANa prakriyA jainadarzana meM skandha nirmANa kI prakriyA kA eka hI siddhAMta ki aneka paramANu paraspara milakara jo eka ikAI banate haiM, usakA hetu una paramANuoM kA snigdhatva va rUkSatva svabhAva hai / jaghanya guNa yAnI eka aMza vAle snigdha va rUkSa paramANu to avazya hI saMzliSTa hokara skandha nahIM banate haiM, lekina isake atirikta do Adi yAvat ananta guNAMzoM vAle samAna yA asamAna paramANu saMzliSTa hone se skandha rUpa ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra jaise jainadarzana meM
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________________ varzana aura vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM pudgala : eka vizleSaNAtmaka vivecana 373 . jainadarzana ke anusAra isase pratIta hA se tathA vaijJAnika o/ snigdhatva aura rUkSatva ko bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA hai, vaise hI vaijJAnikoM ne padArtha ke dhana vidyuta aura RNa vidyuta ina do svabhAvoM ko bandhana kA kAraNa kahA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra snigdhatva aura rUkSatva paramANu mAtra meM milatA hai aura vijJAna ke anusAra dhana va RNa vidyuta padArtha mAtra meM pAI jAtI hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki jainadarzana aura vijJAna meM zAbdika bheda se eka hI bAta kahI gaI hai / jainadarzana ne rUkSatva aura snigdhatva ke nAma se tathA vaijJAnikoM ne dhana vidyuta aura RNa vidyuta ke nAma se padArthoM meM do dharmoM ko kahA hai| sarvArthasiddhi adhyAya 5 sUtra 34 meM vidyuta ke viSaya meM batAyA hai ki "snigdharUkSaguNanimitto vidyutaH' arthAt AkAza meM camakane vAlI vidya ta paramANuoM ke / snigdha aura rUkSa guNoM kA pariNAma hai, tannimitta ka hai / isakA spaSTa Azaya yaha huA ki snigdhatva aura rUkSatva ina do guNoM se dhana aura RNa vidyuta utpanna hotI hai| yAnI snigdhatva aura rUkSatva ANavika bandhanoM ke kAraNa haiM yA dhana aura RNa do prakAra ke vidyuta svabhAva ke / isI prakAra jaba hama vijJAna ke bandhano ke prakAroM kA adhyayana karate haiM taba vahA~ bhI jainadarzana ke vicAroM se samAnatA milatI hai / vijJAna ne bhI bhArI RNANu kI bhaviSya vANI kI hai jo sAdhAraNa RNANuoM se pacAsa gunA bhArI hotA hai aura vaha RNANuoM ke samudAya kA pariNAma hI hotA hai / isaliye use negeTrona kahate haiM / kyoMki usameM kevala niSedha vidyuta hI pAI jAtI hai / isa prakAra ke paramANu jaba pUrNarUpeNa pragaTa ho jAyeMge to AzA hai ki ve rUkSa ke sAtha rUkSa ke bandha ko bhI caritArtha kara deMge jaisA ki jainadarzana meM mAnA gayA hai / isa niyama se proTona snigdha ke sAtha snigdha ke, tathA nyUTrona rUkSa aura rUkSa ke bandha ke udAharaNa bana sakate haiM / Adhunika paramANu kA bIjANu bhI jo RNANuoM tathA dhanANuoM kA samudAya mAtra hai, snigdha aura rUkSa bandha kA udAharaNa banatA hai / DA. bI. ela. zIla ne apanI pustaka 'pojiTiva sAinsa Apha ensienTa hindUja' meM spaSTa likhA hai ki jainadarzanakAra isa bAta se bhalIbhA~ti paricita the ki pojiTiva aura nigeTiva vidya ta kaNoM ke mela se vidyuta kI utpatti hotI hai| jainadarzana meM jaise zabda, aMdhakAra, chAyA, prakAza, Atapa, udyota Adi kI paudgalikatA siddha kI gaI hai, vaise hI vijJAna bhI inake bAre meM adhikAMzatayA samAna mata rakhatA hai| yadi unameM kahIM aMtara hai to usakA kAraNa vaijJAnika prayogoM kI sImA hai| padArtha kI utpatti, vinAza aura sthiti ke bAre meM vijJAna kA mata banatA jA rahA hai ki zakti avinAzI evaM zAzvata hai, vaha naSTa na hokara dUsarA rUpa le letI hai, kintu usa parivartana meM zakti mAtrA jyoM kI tyoM sthira rahatI hai / vijJAna kI isI bAta ko darzana ke kSetra meM zakti (dhrauvya) parivartana (utpatti, vinAza) ina tIna zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana aura vijJAna ke padArtha viSayaka vicAra se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki jainadarzana kA paramANu-vijJAna aura padArthadarzana nizcala aura samagra nirUpaNa hai| AdhyAtmika viSayoM kI taraha padArtha vijJAna ke bAre meM mI itane anupama akATya vicAra diye haiM jinakA anusaraNa karake Adhunika vijJAna apane kramika ArohaNa kI sthiti meM eka ke bAda dUsare sopAna para bar3ha rahA hai| Aja vaijJAnika mAnane lage haiM ki dArzanikoM kI paramANu sambandhI dhAraNA ke samakSa vijJAna kI dhAraNA nagaNya hai / jo san 1956 meM laMdana se prakAzita 'paramANu aura vizva' nAmaka pustaka ke lekhaka padArtha vijJAna ke adhikArI vidvAna vaijJAnika jI. o. jonsa, je. roTabelTa aura je. je. viTaro ke vicAroM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai / ve pustaka ke pRSTha 46 para paramANu ke aMtargata maulika tatvoM kI carcA karate hue likhate haiM - "bahuta dinoM taka tIna hI tattva-ilekTrona, nyUTrona aura proTona-vizva saMghaTanA ke mUlabhUta AdhAra mAne jAte the| kintu vartamAna meM unakI saMkhyA kama se kama 16 taka pahuMca gaI hai evaM tathAprakAra ke anya dUsare tattvoM kA astitva aura bhI sammilita ho gayA hai|......maulik tattvoM kA yaha apratyAzita bar3hAvA bahuta hI asaMtoSa kA kAraNa hai aura sahaja hI yaha prazna uThatA hai ki maulika tattvoM kA hama sahI artha kyA leM? pahale agni, pRthvI, havA aura pAnI ina cAra padArthoM ko maulika tattvoM kI saMjJA dI, isake bAda socA gayA ki pratyeka rAsAyanika padArtha kA mUlabhUta aNu hI paramANu hai, usake anantara proTona, nyUTrona aura ilekTrona ina tIna mUlabhUta aNuoM kI saMkhyA bIsa taka pahuMca gaI hai| yaha saMkhyA aura bhI Age bar3ha sakatI hai / kyA vAstava meM hI padArtha ke itane Tukar3oM kI AvazyakatA hai yA mUlabhUta aNuoM kA yaha bar3hAvA padArtha mUla sambandhI hamAre ajJAna kA hI sUcaka hai ?."sahI bAta to yaha hai ki maulika aNu kyA hai ? yaha pahelI abhI taka sulajha nahIM pAI hai|" ukta uddharaNa se yaha spaSTa ho gayA hai ki Aja ke yAMtrika yuga meM paramANu eka pahelI banA huA hai / darzana
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________________ 6 .374 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : caturya khaNDa kA aura vijJAna jagata ke mUla upAdAnoM ke anveSaNa kI ora unmukha rahe haiM / prayogazAlAoM ke binA bhI dArzanikoM ne jo cintana kiyA aura usake niSkarSa rUpa meM jo siddhAnta sthApita kiye, ve Aja ke una vidvAna mAne jAne vAle vyaktiyoM ko cunautI de rahe haiM jo yaha mAnate the ki aNuvijJAna Adhunika vijJAna kI dena hai / dArzanika jagata ke aNu kA kalpanAoM se prAdurbhAva huA thaa| jainadarzana meM AdhyAtmika cintana jisa sImA taka pahu~cA huA hai, usI taraha padArtha cintana bhii| jisakA pUrNa vizleSaNa samaya aura zrama sAdhya hai / pRSTha maryAdA ke kAraNa prastuta nibandha meM pudgala, skandha, paramANu kA sUcanA rUpa meM UparI taura para vihaMgAvalokana kiyA hai| pratipAdya viSaya ke bahuta se AyAmoM kA sparza bhI nahIM kiyA gayA hai| lekina ise mahAsAgara meM se eka bUMda ko grahaNa karane ke lie kiye gaye caMcupAta kI taraha mAnakara vizeSa jAnakArI kI ora jijJAsujana agrasara hoMge, yahI AkAMkSA hai| ----puSka ra vANI -0--0--0--0--00--0-0-0--0-0-0--0--0-0-0--0-0--2 sthitaprajJatA evaM indriya-saMyama ke lie zAstroM meM kachuA kA udAharaNa bAra-bAra diyA jAtA hai / kachuA jaba bhI bAhara khatarA dekhatA hai, apane aMgoMhAtha-paira kA saMkoca kara simaTa kara geMdanumA bana jAtA hai aura bAharI khatare se apanI rakSA kara letA hai| usameM vRtti-saMkoca evaM sthiratA gajaba kI hai| manuSya ko usase zikSA lenI hai, jaba bhI indriyA~, bahirmukha baneM aura mana / para bure vicAroM kA AkramaNa ho to turanta apanI vRttiyoM ko bhItara kI ora khIMca leM, antarmukha bana jAya aura AtmaciMtana meM sthira ho jaay| UMcA pada pAnA alaga bAta hai aura ucca vicAra honA alaga bAta hai| kahate haiM gIdha kI dRSTi bar3I teja hotI hai, aura ur3Ana bhI bahuta U~cI lagAtA 6 hai, kintu usakI dRSTi sadA mAMsa ke Tukar3e hI khojatI rahatI hai aura gande 1 sthAnoM para zIghra jAne ke lie hI baha U~cI ur3AneM bharatA hai| jo manuSya UMcA pada, zakti, sattA aura vaibhava pAkara bhI yadi sadA duSTa vicAra rakhatA hai, dUsaroM kI vastuoM para lalacAtA hai aura use har3apane ke prayatna 6 meM rahatA hai to usameM aura gIdha meM kyA antara hai ? t-o-o---------------------------0-0-0-puSka ra vANI-0-0-4