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________________ catuvidha saMgha prastarAkaMna muni, AryikA zrAvaka aura zrAvikA, inake samudAya ko jaina saMgha kahate haiN| muni aura ArthikA gRhatyAgI varga hai| dhAvaka tathA zrAvikA gRhI varga hai| jaina saMgha meM ye donoM varga barAbara rahate haiM / jaba ye varga nahIM raheMge to jainasaMca bhI nahIM rahegA aura jaba jainasaMSa nahIM rahegA taba jaina dharma bhI na rahegA / " astu, mathurA kI I0 pU0 se IsvI san kI brAhmaNadharma kI, yathA, viSNu, zivAdi kI pratimAoM kI caraNa-caukI bilkula sAdA milatI haiN| kintu buddha kI do pratimAoM para mUlamUrti ke nIce AdhAra kI paTTI para dharmacakra ke Asa-pAsa mAlAdhArI gRhastha jo AbhUSaNAdi se veSTita haiM, unheM alaMkaraNa ke rUpa meM banAyA huA pAte haiN| ye alaMkaraNa haiM, aisA bauddhakalA evaM dharma ke marmajJa vidvAn pro0 caraNadAsa paTarjI ne ina paMktiyoM ke lekhaka ko eka bheMTa meM batalAyA thaa| dUsare, buddha pratimA ke nIce madhya meM bodhisatva tathA unake doe bA~e striyoM tathA puruSa gRhasya mAlAeM liye khar3e haiN| ina do nidarzanoM ko chor3akara yahA~ ke saMgraha meM eka svataMtra paTTa hai jisa para mAlA liye, lambA koTa pahane pA~ca puruSa khar3e haiN| Upara patrAvali, nIce stambhoM ke madhya mAlA va puSpa liye pA~ca puruSa AvakSa aura dAyIM tarapha garur3a pakSI va nIce khilA kamala banA hai| eka dUsarA choTA siradala, jisa para tIna zrAvaka va bAyIM tarapha ke zera kA mukhamAtra hI zeSa hai / " 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 46 jaina dharma, paM0 kailAsacandra zAstrI, vArANasI, pR0 285 / je- 243 : sarvatobhadra pratimA ke caraNoM ke donoM ora zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA (kaMkAlI TIlA, mathurA ) rA0 saM0 saM0, bI0 1 va 66. 183 / maiMne pro0 sI0 DI0 caTarjI se bheMTa di0 8.12.81 ko unake AvAsa 'saptaparNI' meM kii| unhoMne batAyA ki khuddakapATha meM aisA varNana hai ki bhikSu mAlAdi nahIM le sakatA hai| dIghanikAya meM buddha ne svayaM sAdhuyoM ko mAlAdi se dUra rahane ko kahA hai| rA0 saM0 saM0, bI0-147 / je - 54 324609 / zrI zailendrakumAra rastogI AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ bI-1 : jaina zailI se prabhAvita buddha-pratimA ko caraNa-caukI-madhyasthita dharmacakra ke bAyIM ora do striyAM tathA do puruSa, striyoM meM prathama mAlA va dvitIya kamalapuSpa lie hue haiM tathA dAyIM ora mAlA lie hue prathama tathA pIchI (?) jaisI vastu lie hue aMtima mUrti hai (kuSANa kAla, mathurA) uparokta nidarzanoM kI alpatA hameM mathurA kI jaina pratimAoM ke siMhAsanoM para bahulatA se dRSTigocara hotI hai| jisa samaya jaina pratimAoM kA I0 pU0 se prAraMbha pAte haiM usI samaya pIchI, kamaNDala lie nagna sAdhu va dUsarI khaMDita mUti jisakA vastra khaNDa mAtra hI zeSa hai, dIkha par3ate haiN| yaha vahI sarva prAcIna stambha hai jisa para bhagavAna RSabhanAtha ke vairAgya kA vilekhana hai / isa paTTa ke atirikta eka AyAga paTTa, jisake madhya meM caukI para pArzvanAtha, jina para sAtaphaNa bane haiM, virAjamAna haiM aura inhIM kI vaMdanA meM do jinakalpI sAdhu namaskAra-mudrA meM khar3e haiN| ye donoM kalA-ratna I0 pU0 ke haiN| kyoMki tIrthakara ke baiThane va anya AkRtiyoM kI banAvaTa ke AdhAra para inheM zuGgakAla kA mAnA gayA hai| (AyAga-paTa) ina IsA-pUrva ke do nidarzanoM ke atirikta rAjya-saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM kaMkAlI TIlA mathurA kI kula 66 pratimAeM haiM jina para jaina dharma ke caturvidha saMgha kA bahulatA se prastarAMkana kiyA gayA hai| inameM 45 baiThI, 5 khar3I, 6 sarvatobhadra, 2 aisI pratimAe jinapara zeroM kA rekhAMkana va lekha, 11 aisI ghisI huI pratimAeM jinake nIce saMgha banAyA gayA hogA kintu isa samaya AbhAsamAtra hI zeSa hai| ekamAtra pratimA, jisa para lekha nahIM hai| 1. je-253, jaina stUpa eNDa eNTIkviTI, pR0 17, pleTa X, smitha, bI0 sii0| 2. je-21 va je-71 3. je-108 jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti
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________________ je-108 : caturvidha saMgha, lekharahita ekamAtra pratimA (kuSANa kAla, kaMkAlI TolA, mathurA) 48 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ ja-253 : do jinakalpI sAdhu (lagabhaga prathama zatI I0 pU0, kaMkAlI TolA, mathurA) abhilikhita aura caturvidha saMgha ke vilekhana se yuta jaina kalA-ratna kaniSka saM0-4 se vasudeva saM0 18 taka ke haiN| haviSka varSa 58 va 60 va 48 vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| yahA~ para yaha spaSTa draSTavya hai ki mAtra mUrti kI zailI ke alAvA lipi bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai kyoMki eka pratimA jo saM031 kI hai kintu anya mUrtiyoM jinapara bAda kA saM0 pAte haiM, se bhinna hai bAda vAlI prAcIna hai aura je-15 bAda kI arthAt Dhalate kuSANa kAla kI hai zeSa kuSANa-kAla kI haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sarvatrA ekAhI zaka saMvat kA prayoga nahIM huA hai koI anya saMvat bhI mathurA meM prAraMbha yA bAda meM thA use bhI apanAyA gayA hai| tIna pratimAeM aisI haiM jina para mAtra gRhastha hI dharmacakra ke bane haiN| inhI meM sambhavanAtha kI pratimA hai jisake madhya meM triratna para dharmacakra tathA isake bAyIM ora vastrAbhUSaNoM se samalaMkRta mAlA liye eka zrAvikA aura dAyIM ora zrAvaka, jo bAyeM kaMdhe para uttarIya DAle khar3A hai| donoM hI ne dAeM hAthoM meM puSpa le rakhA hai| yahA~ para cakra rakSaka do yakSa bhI nahIM banAye gae haiN| do yakSa dharmacakra ke AsapAsa baiThe rahate haiM tIna sthaloM para dharmacakra mastaka para rakhe bane haiM aura eka hai| 1. je-15 2. myu0 buleTina na06, pR0 46, zrIvAstava, bI0 ena0, sama inTresTiga jaina skalpacara ina sTeTa myu0 lakhanaU / 3. mahA0 jaya0 smA0 1680, jayapura, ye tu dile, rastogI, zailendra kumaar| 4. je-11, je-60 va ja-68 jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 46
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________________ APEDIARIES R je-16 : zrAvaka-zrAvikA se yukta caraNa-cauko para 'sambhavasya pratimA' se abhilikhita mati (kaMkAlI TolA, mathurA) AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana granya Jain Education Interational ,
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________________ jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 51 30 zakasI FORM je-9 : kAyotsarga mudrA vAlI varddhamAna pratimA ko caukI-- madhya sthita dharmacakra ke donoM ora caka-eka caMvara sahita baiThe hue tu dila yajJa tathA khar3e hue AbhUSita upAsaka upAsikAoM ke sAtha tIna-tIna bAlaka / isa para siMhoM va arddhaphalakoM kA nitAnta abhAva hai ( kuSANa kAla saM0 20, kaMkAlI TIlA, mathurA ) bafra kI e
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________________ kAyotsarga pratimAnoM para bAyIM ora strI sAdhvI jo pustaka va pIchI liye dUsarI ora sAdhu vastrakhaNDa liye khar3A banA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki bAyIM ora yakSI va dAyeM yakSa banAye jAne kI jo dhArA madhyakAla meM sthira huI usakA janma saM0 6 arthAt 78+6=87 I. meM ho cukA thaa| khar3I aura baiThI pratimAoM meM mukhya antara yaha hai ki prathama koTi kI pratimA para siMhAMkana anivArya hai jabaki dUsarI meM khambhe / eka pratimA para jise saM076 meM banAyA gayA thA, dAyIM ora arddhacelaka sAdhu, tatpazcAt triratna para dharmacakra va bAyIM ora tIna striyA~, jo hAthoM meM kamala lie lambI dhotI, kuNDala va cUrI pahane banI haiM zrAvikAeM haiN| ye kAphI lambI haiM, aisA lagatA hai ki videzI hai| AyikAeM jJAna ke lie pustaka va zuddhi ke lie pIchI liye AbhUSaNa rahita banAyI gaI haiN| inhIM ke sAtha dhAvikAeM kaI DhaMga se sAr3I bAMdhe, mAthe para TIkA pahane, kAna va hAtha tathA pairoM meM AbhUSaNoM se maMDita rUpAyita kI gaI haiM / ye dAyeM hAtha se mAlA bAyeM hAtha se sAr3I kA chora, kahIM hAtha kamara, para rakhe, kvacita puSpa lie pAyI jAtI haiM / inake sAtha choTe bAlaka hAtha jor3e jA bhI dIkha jAte haiM / kahIM kahIM para gauNa sthAna para hAtha jor3e yA puSpathAla lie jo dAsI ho sakatI hai, banAI gaI hai| dharmacakra ke dAyIM ora vastrakhaNDa (aggoyara) va pIchI lie sAdhu taduparAnta bAMye kaMdhe para uttarIya yA adhovastra kA AdhA chora DAle dAyeM hAtha meM mAlA pakar3e zrAvaka yA gRhI bane haiM / inake sAtha bhI choTe bAlaka vaMdanA kI mudrA meM pAye jAte haiN| sabase kinAre para dAsa hAtha jor3e bane pAye jAte haiN| acelaka-aggoyara-arddhaphAlaka' ke anya ullekhanIya nidarzana kaNhazramaNa, kachauTe' va eka pratimAkhaNDa' para sAdhu vastrakhaNDa lie hai, nagna hai va havA meM ur3atA huA banA hai sAmane chatra va mAlAdhArI vidyAdhara banA hai| -30 : tIna zrAvakoM se anusarita vandana mudrA meM jinakalpa sAdhu (vasudeva saM0 80 utkIrNa hai, kaMkAlI TolA, mathurA) je-623. jaina mAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR0 213; le0 jana, jagadIza candra, jaina dharma, pR0 416, le0 zAstrI, kailAza candra, vArANasI, bambaI 4 // 2. bii-207| .. je-105| AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya
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________________ Wan rekhAcitra jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti
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________________ je-686 : caraNa- caukI para dharmacakra ke dAeM zrAvikAe~ evaM bAeN zrAvaka ( kuSANakAla, mathurAzailI, ahicchatrA, rAmanagara, uttara pradeza) AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana granya 54 TH
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________________ jina kalpadhArI sAdhu bhI purAzilpa meM prApta hue haiN| tIna aise udAharaNa haiM pUrvokta AyAgapaTTa vAle vivastra sAdhuoM ko chor3akara, vasudeva saM 80 kI tIrthaMkara pratimA kI siMhAsana bedI para hAtha jor3a vivastra eka sAdhu khar3e haiN| inake pIche tIna gRhastha mAlA lie khar3e haiM, tInoM ke kaMdhe para dhotI hai| yahA~ arddha phAlaka kA abhAva hai| dUsarI ora tona striyA~ hAtha jor3a, cauthI kamala lie haiN| isI prakAra dUsarI pratimA para sAdhvI hai| tIsarI para vivastra sAdhu eka hAtha meM pIchI lie khar3A hai| eka pratimA kA Tukar3A jisapara dAyIM ora gahI, arddhakAlaka va sAdhvI mAtra hI hai| zeSa yaha sAdhvo pIchI va dUsare hAtha meM phala lie hai| isake vastra dhyAna dene yogya haiM nIce eka vastra usake upara cAdara sI or3he hai, jisakI gA~Tha gale ke nIce haiM bhItara dUsarA hAtha hai| prAyaH sAdhvI eka sAr3I athavA sAr3I para lambA silA koTa pahane banAI gaI hai / jo kaJcuka jaisA hai| ahicchatrA kI mAtra pratimA jisa para strI varga dA~ye va puruSa varga bA~e banAyA gayA, jo kalAkAra kA nayA prayoga yA bhUla kahI jA sakatI hai| eka sarvatobhadra pratimA kI caukI para sundaratA se cAroM ora vaMdana mudrA meM puruSa-strI, sAdhu-sAdhvI bane haiM / yaha saMvat 74 kI hai jo usa para khudA hai tathA ahicchatrA se prApta huI hai| kintu mathurA ke cittIdAra lAla patthara kI banI hai| isa prakAra avicchanna rUpa se IsA kI prathama va dvitIya zatI meM caturvidha jaina saMgha kA purAzilpa meM prabhUta mAtrA meM vilekhana pAte haiN| kintu guptakAla meM dharmacakra ke Asa-pAsa do yA tIna upAsaka ghuTanoM ke bala baiThe bandana-mudrA meM banAne kI prathA mAtra hI pratimAoM para dIkha par3atI hai| je-26 : Adya tIrthakara RSabhadeva kI caraNa-caukI para caturvidha-saMgha (samrAT haviSka 60I0, kaMkAlI TIlA, matharA) je-30 prAcIna bhAra veSabhapA, 037 le0 DA0 motI cndr| 2. je-108 3. je-26 je-37 dekhie rekhAcitra jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 55
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________________ isa mAtharI jaina cavidha saMgha ke viSaya meM jo abhimata mere pUjya guruvarya DA0 jyotiprasAda jI jaina ne mujhase kahA dekhie, vaha kitanA samIcIna pratIta hotA hai : mathurA ke jaina saMgha kA jo mUlataH digambarAmnAya thA, lekina saMgha-vibhAjana ke bAda bhI jisakA samparka eka-dUsare se alaga hotI huI digambara va zvetAmbara donoM dhArAoM ke sAtha banA aura jo una donoM ke bIca samanvaya karane ke lie prayatnazIla rahA, kAlAntara meM donoM hI dhArAoM ne usake sAtha apanA saMbaMdha jor3ane kA prayatna bhI kiyA, isa samanvaya ke prayatna svarUpa hI aisA lagatA hai ki kama se kama I0 sana kI prAthamika do zatAbdiyoM meM mathurA meM tathAkathita arddhaphAlaka sampradAya ke jaina muniyoM kA astitva rahA jo na to sarvathA nirvastra digambara hI the aura na pazcAdvartI zvetAmbara sAdhuoM kI bhA~ti savastra yA sacela hI the| mAtra eka khaNDa-vastra apane mur3e bA~e hAtha para laTakAe apanI pratyakSa nagnatA ko Avata karate hue pratIta hote haiN| aise muniyoM ke aneka aMkana mathurA kI tatkAlIna kalA meM upalabdha hote haiN|" bhArata ke paurANika nagaroM meM mathurA kA gauravazAlI sthAna hai| isa mahAnagara meM bhArata kI sAmAsika sabhyatA evaM saMskRti kA udaya tathA vikAsa huA thA / bhaugolika kAraNoM se tatkAlIna bhAratIya samAja meM mathurA kI vizeSa sthiti thI kyoMki yaha nagara eka aise rAjamArga para sthita thA jo zatAbdiyoM se isa pradeza ko dUra-dUra ke kalApremiyoM, takSakoM, paryaTakoM, vANijyika sArthavAhoM, mahAvAkAMkSI zAsakoM, dhanalolupa AkrAntAoM ko AkarSita karane ke atirikta pramukha nagaroM evaM aneka mAgoM se paraspara sambandhita karatA thaa| inhIM rAjamArgoM para vicaraNa karate hue anekAneka santoM ne bhAratIya janamAnasa ko dharmopadeza dete hue isI nagara ko apanI dhArmika gatividhiyoM evaM vidyA ke pracAra-prasAra kA kendra banA liyaa| aneka aitihAsika, bhaugolika evaM anya kAraNoM se isa prakAra ke sAMskRtika kendra samaya ke sAtha apanI garimA ko kho dete haiM / kintu isa prakAra ke nagaroM kI gaurava gAthAeM itihAsajJoM, dArzanikoM evaM cintakoM ko zodha kI preraNA detI rahatI haiN| mathurA ke sAMskRtika vaibhava ko prakAza meM lAne ke lie sarasvatIputra suprasiddha prAcyavettA janarala sara alekjeMDara kaniMghama ne jo prayAsa kie the, ve bhAratIya sthApatya evaM mUrtikalA ke itihAsa meM sadaiva zraddhA kI dRSTi se dekhe jaayeNge| unakI mahAn paramparA ko vikasita karate hue DA0 phurahara ke yogadAna se to jaina sthApatya evaM mUrtikalA aura usake kramika vikAsa ko eka nizcita AdhAra hI mila gayA hai| ataH bhAratavarSa ke kalApremI, itihAsajJa evaM jaina dharmAnuyAyI ina donoM mahAn AtmAoM ke 1853 se 2866 taka ke utkhanana ke prati zraddhA se natamastaka haiN| uparokta utkhananoM se prApta kalAnidhiyoM para abhI aneka dRSTiyoM se zodha kI apekSA hai| yojanAvaddha evaM vaijJAnika DhaMga se yadi mathurA se prApta jana avazeSoM, kalAnidhiyoM, stUpoM, AyAgapaTToM para vizeSa adhyayana kA prayAsa kiyA jAe to bhAratIya itihAsa ke sAtha-sAtha jainadharma ke abhyudaya, vikAsa, saMghabheda, mUrtikalA aura usake kramika vikAsa para nizcaya hI prakAza pddh'egaa| vidvAn lekhaka ne 'catuvidha saMgha prastArAMkana' meM jo dRSTi dI hai, usa para DA0 bhagavatazaraNa upAdhyAya jI kA dhyAna gayA thaa| unake matAnusAra prAcIna tIrthakara mUrtiyoM meM bI0 4 ke AdhAra para sAmane do siMhoM ke bIca dharmacakra raNa dRzya hai| AzA hai, jaina samAja jAgarUka hokara isa prakAra kI aitihAsika dharoharoM ke vizleSaNa ko protsAhita kara jaina mUrtikalA ke itihAsa ko vaijJAnika AdhAra dene meM yoga degaa| sampAdaka vizeSa AbhAra : lekha meM prayukta sabhI citra nidezaka, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU ke saujanya se prApta hue haiN| citroM kA chAyAMkana zrI rAjeza sinhA evaM zrI rajjana khA~ ne kiyA haiN| 1. DA. jyotiprasAda jaina ne disambara 10.12.80 ko apanI bheMTa vArtA meM ukta abhimata prakaTa kiyA thA etadartha lekhaka unakA AbhArI hai| 56 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha