Brief Survey of Jaina Prakrit and Sanskrit Literature Part 3

Author(s): Nalini Joshi
Publisher: Sanmati Tirth Prakashan Pune
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/007632/1

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Jaina-Literature : 12th Century LG WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM Jain Literature : 12th Century Sravakacara JSVasunandi Ethics (Layman's Conduct) JM. Anonymous Anonymous Anonymous Amradeva-suri Asadha Bandha-samitta Goyama-puccha Karma-stava Vitti on Akkhanaya-mani-kosa Upadesa-kandali Vivega-manjari Kahavali Brhatsamgrahani Kaha-rayana-kosa Philosophy (Karma) Philosophy (Karma) Philosophy (Karma) Narrative (Comm.) Didactics Didactics Collection of Narratives Cosmology (Karananuyoga) Collection of Narratives Bhadresvara-suri Candra-suri Devabhadra-suri (Gunacandra-gani) Deva-suri Devananda Haribhadra (Sricandra-sisya) Hemacandra Jinadatta-suri Jinesvara-suri Mahavira-cariya Pasanaha-cariya Jivanusasana Ksetra-samasa Candraprabha-carita Mallinatha-carita Manipati-carita Kumarapala-carita (Dvyasraya-kavya) Desi-nama-mala (with self-comm.) Ganadhara-sardha-sataka Vivega-vilasa Maya-rahiya-thotta Sarana Suguru-paratanta-thotta Samayari Gaha-kosa Candappaha-cariya Mallina ha-cariya Neminaha-cariya Supasanaha-cariya Bhava-bhavana (with self-comm.) Upadesa-mala (with self-comm.) Narmada-sundari-katha Gaha-kosa / Rasaula Anusasanankusa-kulaya Hiovaesa-kulaya Rayanattaya-kulaya Samanna-gunovaesa-kulaya Uvaesa-kulaya Angula-saptatika Gangeya-prakarana Vanaspati-saptatika-prakarana Satthi-saya Neminaha-cariya Puhavicanda-cariya Dhamma-rayana-pagarana Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Philosophy (Spiritual) Cosmology (Karananuyoga) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography + Grammer Lexicon Biography (Carita) Didactics Eulogy (Stotra) Eulogy (Stotra) Eulogy (Stotra) Religious Conduct Anthology Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Didactics Didactics Narratives Anthology Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Poetical Composition (Prakarana) Poetical Composition (Prakarana) Poetical Composition (Prakarana) Didactics Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Ethics (Householders' Conduct) Laksmana-gani Maladhari Hemacandra Mahendra-suri Municandra Nemicandra (Bhandagarika) Ratnaprabha-suri santi-suri (Pipaliya Gaccha) santi-suri

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Jaina-Literature : 12th Century LG WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM JM. santi-suri Sivasarma Sricandra (Devendrasuri-sisyal Sricandra (Silabhadrasuri-sisya Caitya-vandana-bhasya Sataka Saptatika Sanatkumara-carita Munisuvrata-carita Visesacurni on Nisiha Khetta-samasa 20h uddesa) Sricandriya-samgrhani Sankkhitta-samgrhani Suboha-samayari Dhamma-vihi-payarana Sumatinatha-carita Kumarapala-pratibodha Jinadattakkhyana Religious Conduct Philosophy (Karma) Philosophy (Karma) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Cosmology (Karananuyoga) Cosmology (Karananuyoga) Cosmology (Karananuyoga) Religious Conduct Didactics (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Narratives Biography (Carita) Sriprabha-suri Somaprabha-suri Sumati-suri / gasi Vardhamana-suri (Abhayadeva-sisya) Adinahacariya Manorama-kaha Biography (Carita) Narratives Vardhamana-suri (Govinda-suri-sisya) Vijaysimha Gana-ratna-mahodadhi Curni on Sraddha-pratikramana-sutra (Vandittu-sutta) Dhammakkhana-kosa Candappaha-cariya Grammar Ethics (Householders' Conduct) (Comm.) Collection of Narratives Biography (Carita) Vinayacandra Yasodeva Skt. Ananta virya Anonymous Asadha Vrtti on Pariksa-mukha (Prameya-ratna-mala) Yoga-sara Tika on Vrtta-ratnakara Tika on Meghaduta Vasanta-vilasa Tika on Upadesa-kandali Tika on Vivega-manjari Karuna-vajrayudha Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Yoga Metrics (Comm.) Poetics (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Didactics (Comm.) Didactics (Comm.) Drama Balacandra-suri Devabhadra-suri (Gunacandra-gani) Laghu-vrtti on Jivabhigama Tippana on Nyayavatara Curni on Sardha-sataka Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Philosophy (Comm.) Dhanesvara Devendra-gani (Devacandra-suri) Gunabhadra Govindacarya Hemacandra Candraprabha-carita Atimuktaka-caritra Dhanyakumara-caritra Jinadatta-caritra Kotapunya-caritra Vrtti on Karma-stava Laghu-arhanniti Anyayoga-vyavaccheda-dvatrimsika Ayoga-vyavaccheda-dvatrimsika Mahadeva-stotra Mahavira-stotra Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Philosophy (Karma) (Comm.) Ethics Eulogy + Logic Eulogy + Logic Eulogy - Logic Eulogy + Logic

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Jaina-Literature : 12th Century LG WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM Skt. Eulogy + Logic Grammar Grammar Grammar Grammar Grammar Grammar Grammar Grammar Legendary History Lexicon Lexicon Lexicon Logic (Nyaya) Logic (Nyaya) Metrics Mythology (Purana) Poetics Yoga Biography (Carita) Hemacandra Vitaraga-stotra Dhatu-parayana-vivarana Linganusasana with self-comm.) Siddha-hema-bhadvrtti (Tattvaprakasika) Siddha-hema-brhannyasa (Sabda-maharnava-nyasa) (incomplete) Siddha-hema-laghu-vstti Siddha-hema-praksta-vstti Siddha-hema-sabdanusasana Unadi-gana-vivarana Parisista-parva Abhidhana-cintamani (with self-comm.) Anekartha-kusa Nighantu-sesa (with self-comm.) Pramana-mimamsa (with self-comm.) (incomplete) Vedankusa (dvija-vadana-capeta) Chandonusasana (with self-comm.) Trisasti-salaka-purusa-carita Kavyanusasana (with self-comm.) Yoga-sastra (with self-comm.) Haricandra Dharmasarmabhyudaya Haribhadra (Jinapati-sisya) Sreyamsa-caritra Vrtti on ksetra-samasa Vrtti on Prasamarati Vrtti on Bandha-samitta Vrtti on Sadasiti Jayakirti Chandonusasana Jinadatta-suri Sakuna-rahasya Jinabhadra-suri Madanarekhakkhyayika-campu Jinapati Tika on Samgha-pattaka Muniratna-suri Amamasvami-carita Maladhari Devaprabha-suri Mrgavati-caritra Pandava-caritra Maladhari Hemacandra Neminatha-carita Vrtti on Anuogaddara Vyakkhya on Anuogaddara Tippana on Avassaya Tippana on Nandi Vrtti on Visesavasyaka-bhasya Vivarana on Jivasamasa Vivarana on Sataka Malayagiri sika on Avassaya Tika on Bhagavai Tika on Bphatkalpa Tika on Candapannnatti Tika on Jivabhigama Tika on Joisa-karandaga Tika on Nandi Tika on Pannavana Biography (Carita) Cosmology (Karananuyoga) Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Philosophy (Karma) Philosophy (Karma) Metrics Prognostics Campukavya Ethics Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Philosophy Philosophy (Karma) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.)

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Jaina-Literature : 12th Century LG WRITER WORK Skt. SUBJECT / FORM Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Cosmology (Karananuyogal Comm.) Cosmology (Karananuyogal Comm. Philosophy (Comm.) Philosophy (Karma) (Comm.) Philosophy (Karma) (Comm.) Philosophy (Karma) (Comm.) Philosophy (Karma) (Comm. Grammar Didactics (Comm.) Epic (Comm.) Didactics (Comm.) Prognostics Didactics Poetics Didactics (Comm.) Logic (Nyaya) Grammar Collection of Narratives Drama Drama Malayagiri Tika on Pindanijjutti Tika on Rayappaseni Tika on Suriyapannatti Tika on Vavahara-nijjutti & Vavahara-bhasa Tika on Brhatksetra-samasa Tika on Brhat-samgrahani Tika on Dharma-samgrahani sika on Chasii Tika on Kamma-payadi Tika on Panca-samgraha Tika on Sattari Malayagiri-sabdanusasana Municandra Tika on Dharma-bindu sika on Naisadhiya-carita of Sriharsa con Uvaesa paya (sukha-samdodhani) Narapati Narapati-jaya-carca Padmananda Padmananda-sataka / Vairagya-sataka Purnabhadra (Muni) Pancakkhyana Ratnaprabha-suri Tika on Uvaesa-mala (Doghatti) Syadvada-ratnakara-vatarika Rajahamsa Sabdarnava-prakriya Ramacandra-mumuksu Punyasrava-katha-kosa Ramacandra-suri Kaumudi-mitrananda Mallika-makaranda Nala-vilasa Nirbhaya-bhima-vyayoga Raghu-vilasa Raghavabhyudaya Rohini-mrganka Satya-hariscandra Vanavali Yadavabhyudaya Ramacandra-suri & Gunacandra-gani Natya-darpana (with self-comm.) Sricandra (Silabhadra-suri-sisya) Tippana on Avassaya | Tika on Jiya-kappa Sricandra (Silabhadra-suri-sisya) Tika on Nandi sika on Nirayavalika (etc. 5 Upanga) Tika on Pinda-visuddhi Sarva-siddhanta-visamapada-paryaya Nyaya-pravesa-panjika Jayadeva-chandaha-sastra-vrtti-lippanaka Srutakirti Tika on Jainendra-vyakarana (Panca-vastu) Siddhasena Padmaprabhacaritra Tika on Pravacana-saroddhara (Tatva-vikasini Somaprabha Sindura-prakara Srngara-vairagya-tarangini Drama Drama Drama Drama Drama Drama Drama Drama Dramatics Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Svc.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Comm.) Lexicon (Technical Terms) Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Metrics (Comm.) Grammar (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Religious Conduct (Comm.) Ethics Ethics

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Jaina-Literature : 12th Century LG WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM Skt. Satarthi-kavya Kalyana-karaka Poetry Ayurveda Somaprabha Ugraditya Vardhamana-suri (Nagendra-gaccha) Vardhamana-suri (Abhayadeva-sisya) Vasunandi Vasupujya-carita Biography (Carita) Dharma-ratna-karandaka (with self-comm. Tika on Mulacara (Sarvartha-siddhi) Vadi-deva-suri Vagbhata (Bahada) Tika on Astasati (Devagama-vitti) Tika on Apta-mimamsa Pramana-naya-tattvalokalankara Syadvada-ratnakara Nemi-nirvana-mahakavya Vagbhatalankara Nemiduta-kavya(Samasya-purti of Meghaduta Acara-sara Dharmopadesa-prakarana Vrtti on Nava-pada-prakarana Didactics Ethics (Monastic Conduct) (Comm.) (Dig.) Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Epic Poetics Poetry Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Didactics (Prakarana) Ethics (Householders' Conduct) (Comm.) Ethics (Monastic Conduct) (Comm.) Philosophy (Comm.) Vikrama Viranandi Yasodeva Tika on Pinda-visuddhi (Subodha) Vrtti on Nava-tattva-prakarana Apa. Amarakirti Dhahila Haribhadra (Sricandra-suri-sisya) Chakkamuvaesu Paumasiri-cariu Neminaha-cariu Didactics Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Jinadatta-suri Sanankumara-cariu Uvaesa-rasayanu Kala-saruva-kulaya Cacchari Biography (Carita) Didactics Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Poetical Composition (prakarana) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Sridhara Pasanaha-cariu Sukumala-cariu

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Observations on 12th century - Jaina-Literature * 12th century is the peak-point of Prakrit and Sanskrit Jain Literature. It is literally flooded with gigantic literary personalities. * Skt. works are maximum in this century. Jaina Maharastri works are comparatively less. still ample in number. There is only a single work in Jaina Sauraseni. Apabhramsa works are much lesser than JM. works. Apabhramsa works are majoritily biographical and didactic. * Malayagiri, the famous Sve. commentator, had done a complete survey of canonical commentaries and wrote the commentaries on all the remaining canons. He wrote commentaries on Upangas, Mulasutras, Chedasutras and Prakirnakas. Through his huge literary works he encompasses philosophy, Karma-theory, ethics, cosmology and grammar. * Maladhari Hemacandra wrote various Vittis, Vivaranas and Tippanas. * Hemacandra, the all-rounder genius is honoured by the epithet, 'Kalikalasarvajna'. He seems to be very comfortable with JM., Skt. and Apabhramsa. Dr. A.M.Ghatage noted about his Apabhramsa in the introduction of Prakrit-English dictionary that, 'The most valuable material of this language is found in a large number of stanzas quoted by Hemacandra in the fourth Pada of his Prakrit Grammar. They show not only traces of their non-Jaina origins but also contain purely secular matter and show traces of different dialects.' When a reader goes through the list of his works, he gets stunned due to the variety of subjects and literary forms. * Ramacandrasuri, one of the brilliant disciples of Hemacandra, chose the special field of dramatics. After studying Bharata's Natyasastra thoroughly, he composed Natyadarpana and noted his special views on drama. He himself wrote Natakas, Natikas, Prakaranas and Vyayogas. His dramas are totally secular in nature. His name is enumerated in the history of Sanskrit dramatics immediately after Dhananjaya, the author of Dasarupaka. * Without any sectarian bias, Jaina poets wrote commentaries on classical Skt. works like Meghaduta and Naisadhiyacarita. Vikrama's Nemiduta is Samasyapurti of Meghaduta, but the main character is taken from the Jaina legendary history. * Ample biographical literature is found in this century both in JM., Skt. and Apabhramsa. Jaina Maharastri Caritas are comparatively more in number and they are mostly dedicated to Tirthankaras. Sanskrit biographies are dedicated to various personalities like Jinadatta, Dhanyakumara, Atimuktaka, Krtapunya, Mrgavati etc. * Municandra's poetical compositions, viz., Kulakas and Prakaranas are peculiar in this century.

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* Sricandra, the disciple of Silabhadragani wrote Tikas and Tippanas on important canons. He is very comfortable with both JM. and Sanskrit. The variety of subjects found in his works is remarkable. * Ugraditya's Kalyanakaraka, a work on Ayurveda, is noteworthy. Though there are many references of Jaina texts on Ayurveda, very few are actually available. There is a controversy about the exact date of Ugraditya, but the date given by Dr. Hiralal Jain is accepted here (i.e. 12th cen. A.D.) * Many collections of narratives and anthologies are found in this century. Kahavali, Kaharayanakosa and Dhammakkhanakosa are written in JM., while Pancakhyana and Punyasravakathakosa are written in Sanskrit. Two Gahakosas (anthologies) are found in Jaina Maharastri written by Municandra and Jinesvara (II). * In each century, Jaina authors are writing on prognostics, without break. In this century, Sakunarahasya and Narapatijayacarca are the works dedicated to prognostics. * 12th century is very special in the history of Jaina literature. Due to the royal patronage, the literary activities flourished in Gujrat and Rajasthan during this century. Digambara writers are less active in this century because Saivaite movements were at their peak in South India. Still, the Digambara writers Vasunandi and Vadidevasuri continued their work in the field of logic and ethics. * The literary giant Hemacandra, the famous commentator Malayagari and dramatist Ramacandrasuri made this century remarkable. ************************************************************************************************************

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Jaina-Literature : 13th Century LG WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM JS. JM. Indranandi Yogindra Deva-suri Devendra-suri Jain Literature : 13th Century Cheda-pinda Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Padmaprabha-svami-carita Biography (Carita) Santinatha-carita Biography (Carita) Kanha-cariya Biography (Carita) Sudamsana-cariya (Sakunika-vihara) Biography (Carita) Susadha-cariya Biography (Carita) Dana-sila-tava-bhavana-kulaya Didactics Adinaha-thava Eulogy (Stotra) Sasvata-caitya-stava Eulogy (Stotra) Siddha-pancasiya Philosophy Navya Karma-grantha (Kamma-vivaga etc. 5, with self-comm.) | Philosophy (Karma) Ceiya-vandana-bhasa Religious Conduct Deva-vandana-bhasa Religious Conduct Guru-vandana-bhasa Religious Conduct Jayanti-prasnottara-samgraha (with comm. of Malayaprabha-suri) Collection of Narratives Samkhitta-tarangavai-kaha (Tarangalola) Narratives Pravacana-saroddhara Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Vicarasara-prakarana Cosmology (Karananuyoga) Kalikacarya-katha Narratives Mahivala-kaha Narratives Manatunga-suri Nemicandra-gani Nemicandra-suri Pradyumna-suri Vinayacandra-suri Viradeva-gani Skt. Abhayacandra-suri Abhayadeva-suri Amaracandra-suri Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Epic Biography (Carita) Epic Epic Grammar Grammar (Comm.) Laghiyastraya-tatparya-vitti Jayanta-vijaya Caturvimsati-jinacarita Bala-bharata Padmananda-mahakavya Syadi-sabda-samuccaya Tika on Siddha-hema-sabdanusasanabrhadvrtti Alankara-prabodha-suktavali (MS.) Chandoratnavali (MS.) Kavya-kalapa (MS.) Tika on Kavi-siksa (Kavya-kalpa-lata) Tika on Pancastikaya (Tattva-dipika / Samaya-vyakhya) Tika on Pravacana-sara Tika on Samaya-sara (Samaya-sara-kalasa / Atma-khyati) Purusartha-siddhyupaya Tattvartha-sara Kavi-darpana Poetics Poetics Poetics Poetics (Comm.) Amptacandra Philosophy (Comm.) (Dig.) Philosophy (Comm.) (Dig.) Philosophy (Comm.) (Dig.) Religious Conduct Philosophy (Comm.) Poetics Anonymous Asadhara Sagara-dharmamsta Tika on Bhagavati Aradhana (Darpana! Ethics (Householders' Conduct) Ethics (Monastic Conduct) (Comm.) (Dig.)

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Jaina-Literature : 13th Century WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM Skt. Asadhara Siddha-guna-stotra Trisasti-smrti-sastra Prameya-ratnakara Pratistha-kalpa Ratna-traya-vidhi Adhyatma-rahasya Balacandra Tika on Upadesa-kanadali Vrtti on Viveka-manjari Vasanta-vilasa Bhavasena-traividya Tika on Katantra (Rupamala) Tika on Sakatayana Visva-tattva-prakasa Candratilaka (Upadhyaya) Abhayakumara-carita Devaprabha-suri (Maladhari Pandava-carita Devendra-suri Srenika-carita Tika on Prasnottara-ratnamala Eulogy (Stotra) Mythology (Purana) Logic (Nyaya) Ritualistics Religious Conduct Philosophy (Spiritual) Didactics Didactics Narratives Grammar (Comm.) Grammar (Comm.) Logic (Nyaya) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Collection of Narratives (Comm.) Ethics (Householders' Conduct) (Comm.) Philosophy (Comm.) Narratives Vstti on Sraddha-dinakstya Dhanapala Dhanesvara-suri Dharmakumara Dharmavardhana Durlabharaja Hamsadeva Haricandra Tika on Dharma-ratna Tilakamanjari-kathasara Satrunjaya-mahatmya (Raivatacala-mahatmya) Salibhadra-carita Parsva-jina-stavana Hasti-pariksa (Gaja-parikna) (MS.) Turanga-prabandha Mrga-paksi-sastra Jivandhara-campu Dharmasarmabhyudaya Anjana-pavananjaya Arjuna-raja (MS.) Bharata-raja (MS.) Maithili-kalyana Meghesvara (MS.) Subhadra Udayana-raja (MS.) Vikranta-kaurava Pratistha-tilaka Tailokya-prakasa Kavi-siksa Kumarapala-bhupala-carita Hammira-mada-mardana Vastupala-tejapala-prasasti Sakuna-rahasya Sanatkumara-carita Tika on Duvalasa-kulaya Legendary History Biography (Carita) Eulogy (Stotra) Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Biography (Carita) Epic Drama Drama Drama Drama Hastimalla Drama Drama Hemaprabha-suri Jayamangala-suri Jayasimha Drama Drama Ritualistics Astronomy Poetics Biography (Carita) Drama Legendary History (Kavya) Astronomy Epic Poetical Composition (Kulaka) (Comm.) Jinadatta-suri Jinapala

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Jaina-Literature : 13th Century LG WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM Skt. Jinaratna Ksemakirti Laghu Samantabhadra Mahendra-suri Mallisena Narratives Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Lexicon (Comm.) Maghanandi Manatunga-suri Manikyacandra Meghaprabhacarya Munideva Narendraprabha-suri Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Philosophy Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Poetics (Comm.) Drama Didactics (Comm.) Legendary History (Poetry) Poetics Astronomy Didactics Philosophy (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Collection of Narratives Legendary History Naracandra-suri Paramananda-suri Prabhacandra Pradyumnasuri Nirvana-lilavati Laghu-bhasya on BIhatkalpa-sutra Tippana on Asta-sahasri Tika on Anekartha-sangraha Tika on Anyayoga-vyavacchedika (Syadvada-manjari) Sastra-sara-samuccaya Sreyamsanatha-carita Parsvanatha-carita santinatha-carita Tika on Kavya-prakasa (Sanketa) (MS.) Dharmabhyudaya Tika on Dhammovaesa-mala Vastupala-prasasti-kavya Alankara-mahodadhi (with self-comm.) Jyotissara Hitopadesa-mala-prakarana Vrtti on Karma-vipaka Mallinatha-carita Katha-kosa Prabhavaka-carita Tika on katantra-vyakarana (Daurgasimha-vitti) Samaraditya-samksepa Tika on Pavvajja-vihana Atimuktaka-carita Dhanya-salibhadra-carita Kotapunya-caritra Syadvada-ratnakalavatarika Kuvalayamala-katha Prabuddha-rauhineya Laghu-vstti on Avassaya Panca-vastu-prakriya Tika on Sabdarnava Jagadu-carita Mantra-raja-rahasya Vardhamana-vidya-kalpa Tika on Ganita-tilaka Tika on Ganadhara-sarddha-sataka Suksta-samkirtana Praksta-sabdanusasana (with self-comm.) Arambha-siddhi Dharmabhyudaya Tika on Uvaesa-mala (Kanika) Sukrta-kirti-kallolini Kumara-vihara-prasasti-kavya Nara-narayanananda Tika on Nyaya-viniscaya Purnabhadragani Ratnaprabhasuri Ratnaprabhacarya Ramabhadra Sritilaka-suri Srutakirti Srutakirti-sisya Satvananda-suri Simhatilaka-suri Grammar (Comm.) Narratives Ritualistics (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Logic (Nyaya) Narratives Drama Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Grammar (Comm.) Grammar (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Ritualistics Ritualistics Scientific & Technical (Comm.) Biography (Carita) (Comm.) Legendary History Grammar (Comm.) Astronomy Collection of Narratives Didactics (Comm.) Legendary History Legendary History Anekarthika) Poetry Epic Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Sumatigani Thakkura-arisimha Trivikrama Udayaprabhasuri Vardhamana-gani Vastupala Vadiraja-suri

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Jaina-Literature : 13th Century LG WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM Skt. Vadiraja-suri Vasavasena Vijayapala Vinayacandra-suri Pramana-nirnaya Yasodhara-carita Draupadi-svayamvara Mallinatha-carita Munisuvrata-carita Parsvanatha-carita Kalpa-nirukta Kavya-siksa Punyasara-katha Moharaja-parajaya Logic (Nyaya) Biography (Carita) Drama Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Grammar Poetics Narratives Drama Vivekasamudra-gani Yasapala Apa. Devasena-gani Laksmana Ratnaprabha-gani Simha (Siddha) Suprabhacarya Vinayacandra-suri Sulocana-cariu Jinadatta-cariu Anuvvaya-rayana-palu Antaranga-sandhi Pajjunna-cariu Vairagya-sara Ananda-savaya-sandhi Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Narratives Poetical Composition (Sandhi) Biography (Carita) Didactics Poetical Composition (Sandhi)

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Observations on 13th century - Jaina-Literature * The single JS. work of this century is dedicated to monastic conduct. * JM. works are ample in this century but they are mostly Caritas, narratives and Prakaranas. * Devendrasuri produced ample works in which eulogies and ritualistic works prevail. His Navya Kamagranthas are noteworthy from the philosophical point of view. * Nemicandragani presented the abridged version of Padalipta's Tarangavaikaha in Jaina Maharastri. * Skt. literature written by both sects in this century is enormous. Variety of subjects and literary forms is noteworthy. * Amaracandra's copious works on poetics are found but they are not published up till HOW. * Amotacandra wrote commentaries on the important works of Kundakunda. Though the commentaries on the same works of Jayasena are found in 10th century, Amstacandra's commentaries are more remarkable and honoured. His Purusarthasiddhyupaya attained revered position specially among Digambara tradition. * Asadhara wrote on various subjects. His works are dedicated to religious conduct, legendary history, logic, ritualistics and philosophy (spiritual). His Sagaradharmamota is a landmark treatise on Sravakacara. His commentary on Bhagavati Aradhana under lines the importance of this ancient work very effectively. * Durlabharaja and Hamsadeva produced scientific and technical works concerned to animals and birds. * Lagusamantabhadra, Mallisena and Vadirajasuri are the famous Jaina logicians of this century. Mallisena's Syadvadamanjari and Vadirajasuris Pramananirnaya attained noteworthy position in Indian logic. * Hastimalla produced several types of dramas with the royal support of Pandya King in this century. He was a Digambara householder. He wrote Adipurana and Sripurana in Kannada language. Ramabhadra, Vijayapala, Yasahpala and Meghaprabhacarya are other Skt. dramatists of this century. * Apa. literature of this century is mostly biographical. Sandhis, Rasas and Fagas are ample and their language is designated as old Gujarati and Rajasthani.

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************************************************************************************************************ that all of them are Digambaras. Hastimalla contributed a lot to the 13th century. Jaina-Skt. literature and it is noteworthy * In short, we may conclude that Amrtacandra, Asadhara, Mallisena, Vadiraja and writings in modern Indian regional languages. * Though JM. and Apa. works exhibit declining tendencies, Jaina writers have started their

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Jaina-Literature : 14th Century LG WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM JS. Sruta (Muni) Jain Literature : 14h Century Asrava tribhangi Bhava-tribhangi Philosophy Philosophy JM. Anonymous Bhavadeva-suri Gunaratna-suri Jayasekhara-suri Jayavallabha Jinaprabha-suri Kulamandana Munibhadra Nayacandra Ratnasekhara-suri Malaya-sundari-katha Jai-samayari Avacuri on Navya Karma-grantha Uvaesa-cintamani Vajjalagga Dana-vihi Posaha-vihi-payarana Vaddhamana-vijja-kappa Vidhi-marga-prapa Vrtti on Nava-tatta-payarana Santinatha-carita Rambha-manjari Dina-suddhi Sirivala-kaha Laghu-ksetra-samasa Vyavahara-suddhi-prakasa Saddha-vihi Samboha-sattari Bstksetra-samasa Vrtti on Silovaesa-mala (sila-tarangini) Sattari sayatthana payarana Narratives Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Philosophy (Karma) (Comm.) Didactics Anthology Ritualistics Ritualistics Ritualistics Ritualistics Philosophy (Comm.) (Prakarana) Biography (Carita) Prakrit Drama (Sattaka) Astronomy Biography (Carita) Cosmolgy (Karananuyoga) Ethics Ethics (Householders' Conduct) Religious Conduct Cosmolgy (Karananuyoga) stronomy Somatilaka-suri Somatilaka-suri (Rudrapalliya-gaccha) Somatilaka suri (Tapa-gaccha) Thakkura-pheru Yuga-pradhana Caupai Bhu-gabbha-payasa Davva-parikkha (Nanaka-sastra) Dhatutpatti Ganitasara-kaumudi Joisa-sara Rayana-parikkha Vatthu-sara Didactics (Comm.) Poctical Composition (Prakarana) Narratives Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Skt. Ajitaprabha Arhaddasa Bhadragupta Bhavadeva-suri Bhavana-sara Munisuvrata-kavya (with self-comm.) Purudeva-campu Dhanya-sali-caritra Parsvanatha-carita Kalikacarya-katha Kavyalankara-sara Tika on Sattari-sayatthana-payarana Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Narratives Poetics Poetical Composition (Prakarana) Lexicon Lexicon Devavijaya Dharasena Ekaksari-nanartha-kanda Visvalocana-kosa

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Jaina-Literature : 14th Century WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM Skt. Gunasundara-suri Jayasekhara-suri Jayasekhara-suri Jayananda Bhaktamara-katha Dhammila-carita Jambusvami-carita Avacuri on Uavaesa-mala Dharma-sarvasvadhikara Prabodha-cintamani Jain-kumara-sambhava-mahakavya Atmabodha-kulaka Dhanya-kumara-carita Kalakacarya-katha Sthulabhadra-carita Siloncha-kosa santinatha-stavana Srenika-carita Ajitasanti-stavana Siddhanlagama-slava Vividha-tirtha-kalpa Suri-mantra-bphatkalpa-vivarana Nabhinandanoddhara-prabandha Satrunjaya-mahatirthoddhara- prabandha Pundarika-carita Narratives Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Didactics (Comm.) Didactics Didactics Epic Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Lexicon Euology (Stotra) Epic Eulogy (Stotra) Eulogy (Slutra) Legendary History Ritualistics Legendary History Legendary History Biography (Carita) Jinadeva (Muni) Jinapadma Jinaprabha-suri Kakka-suri Kamalaprabhasuri Mahadevarya & Parsvacandra Mahendra-suri Scientific & Technical Manikya-suri Manikyasekhara-suri Merutunga Sangita-samayasara Yantra-raja with comm. by Malayendu-suri Yasodhara-carita Nalayana Mahakavya Avasyaka-niryukti (dipika) Acara (dipika) Dasavaikalika-niryukti (dipika) Ogha-niryukti (dipika) Pinda-niryukti (dipika) Uttaradhyayana dipika) Prabandha-cintamani Mahapurana-carita Kamadeva-carita Vrtti on Uvaesa-cintamani Balabodha-vyakarana Dhatu-parayana Tika un Kalantra-vyakaraa Saddarsana-nirnaya Nabhaka-nrpa-katha Tika on Saptatika Jaina-meghaduta Suri-mantra-saroddhara Santinatha-carita Jayananda-kevali-carita Uapadesa-ratnakara Merutunga-suri Astronomy Biography (Carita) Epic Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Legendary History Legendary History Biography (Carita) Didactics (Comm.) Grammar Grammar Grammar (Cumun.) Logic (Nyaya) Narratives Philosophy (Karma) (Comm.) Poetry Ritualistics Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Didactics Munibhadra-suri Munisundara-suri

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Jaina-Literature : 14th Century LG WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM Munisundara-suri Stotra-ratna-kosa Eulogy (Stotra) Gurvavali / Tridasa-tarangini Legendary History Mitra-catuska-katha Narratives Adhyatma-kalpa-druma Philosophy (Spiritual) Nagadeva Madana-parajaya Allegoric Samyaktva-kaumudi Collection of Narratives Nayacandra Hammira-mahakavya Epic Rajasekhara Antarkatha-samgraha Collection of Narratives Prabandha-kosa Legendary History Nyaya-kandali-panjika Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Ratnavatarika-panjika Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Svadvada-dipika Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Syadvada-kalika Logic (Nyaya) (Comm.) Saddarsana-samuccaya Philosophy Ratnadeva-gani Tika on Vajjalagga Anthology (Comm.) Ratnanandi Bhadrabahu-carita Biography (Carita) Ratnasekhara-suri Karpura-katha-mahodachi Collection of Narratives Acara-pradipa Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Guru-guna-sattrimsika Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Nava-graha-garbhita-parsva-stavana (Anekarthika) Eulogy (Stotra) Chandaha-kosa Metrics Gunasthana-kramaroha Philosophy (Spiritual) Santisuri Malaya-sundari-caritra Biography (Carita) Sanghatilaka-suri Tika on Darisana-suddhi (Tattva-kaumudi) Didactics (Comm.) Somatilaka Sarvajna-stotra Eulogy (Stotra) Somasundara-gani Samacari-sataka Religious Conduct Sudhakalasa-gani Ekaksara-nama-mala Lexicon Sangitopanisat (with self-comm.) Scientific & Technical Sangitopanisat-saroddhara Scientific & Technical Taporatna & Gunaratna Tika on Satthi-saya Didactics (Comm.) Vardhamana (Bhattaraka) | Varanga-carita Biography (Carita) Vagbhata (Mahakavi) Chandonusasana Metrics Kavyanu-sasana (with self-comm.) Poetics (Alankara-tilaka) Vikrama Nemiduta (Samasya-purti of Meghaduta) Poetry Vinayaprabha (Upadhyayal Naravarma-caritra Biography (Carita) Yasascandra Mudrita-kumuda-candra Drama Yogiraja Panditacarya Gita-vitaraga-prabandha (Jayadeva Gitagovinda-kavya Anukarana) Poetry Apa. Dhanapala Jinaprabha-suri Bahubalicariu Nana-ppayasa (MS.) Dhammadhamma-viyara (MS.) Savaga-vihi Moharaja-vijaya Anahi-sandhi Cauranga-bhavana-sandhi Biography (Carita) Didactics Didactics Ethics (Householders' Conduct) Religious Poetry Poetical Composition(Sandhi) Poetical Composition(Sandhi)

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Jaina-Literature : 14th Century LG WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM Apa. Jinaprabha-suri Jivanusatthi-sandhi Mayanareha-sandhi Nammaya-sundari-sandhi Poetical Composition(Sandhi) Poetical Composition(Sandhi) Poetical Composition(Sandhi)

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Observations on 14th century - Jaina-Literature * Language-wise position of the Jaina works in 14th century is almost the same as that of 13th century. * JS, work is single, JM. works are reasonably good, Skt. works are ample and Apa. works are mostly Sandhis, Rasas and Fagas. * Jinaprabhasuri was the most influential Acarya of Kharatar Gaccha. He was in close connection with the mughal emperor Muhammad Taghlaq. It is noted in the legendary accounts of Jinaprabha that he exhibited his occult yogic powers time to time and become successful in influencing the emperor. He kept the Jaina samgha intact and gave inspiration to build Jain temples. After having undertaken a long religious tour, he wrote the famous book Vividhatirthakalpa, the best contemporary tourist guide for Jaina pilgrims. He was very much keen to establish new rites and rituals in Jaina religion. His work Vidhimargaprapa is the outcome of his efforts in Ritualistics. Jinaprabha possessed equal mastery over JM., Skt. and Apabluariisa. * It will not be an exaggeration if we call this century as 'a century of legendary histories (Prabandhas)'. Rajasekhara, Merutunga, Prabhacandra and Kakkasuri composed various Prabandhas. They are actually a mixture of legends and historical facts interwoven and presented in beautiful literary manner. * Jayavallabha's Vajjalagga with Ratnadeva's commentary is a unique anthology of Prakrit Subhasitas. Though Hala's Gathasaptasati is very much renowned in the history of Indian literature, Vajjalagga possesses it's own peculiarities. This anthology is carefully arranged by the author with subject-wise division. * Following the footsteps of Rajasekhara's Karpuramanjari (10th cen. A.D.) Nayacandra wrote the Sattaka, viz. Rambhamanjari. Nayacandra was a converted Jaina but the Jaina elements are almost absent in his work. It is very curious that we find a beautiful literary piece of contemporary Marathi in Rambhamanjari. Nayacandra's another noteworthy work is Hammiramahakavya. * Ratnasekharasuri wrote in JM. as well as in Sanskrit. His works are dedicated to ethics, Karananuyoga, narratives, Caritas and eulogies. * Thakkura Pheru a Svetambara Jaina householder was the treasurer of Allauddina Khilji and wrote small treatises in JM. on various technical subjects like metallurgy, numismatic, mathematics, gemology, architecture and astrology. Very few works of this type are found in Jaina literature. Therefore Thakkura Pheru's position is unique. * Samgitasamayasara and Samgitopanisat are probably the only works available so far written by Jaina authors which are dedicated to music.

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* Though canonical commentaries of reputed commentators were available, Manikyasekharasuri might have felt it necessary to write Skt. Dipikas on Acaranga and Mulasutras. * Rajasekhara, the author of Prabandhakosa, produced a huge commentarial literature on logic. * Mahakavi Vagbhata's works on metrics and poetics are noted honourably in the history of Skt. poetics. * Vikrama presented Samasyapurti of Meghaduta in his Nemiduta. Merutungasuri composed Jaina-meghaduta. Yogiraja Panditacarya imitated Jayadeva's Gitagovinda. In this century a wave of imitative literature is seen. * In short, we can say that Svetambara writers are more active in 14th century. 'Prabandha form' seems to be very popular and unique in this century. Thakkura Pheru's JM. works dedicated to technical subjects are admirable which provide contemporary data on the technical sciences. Works on logic lack in originality. The focus of Jaina literary activities is more on poetics, grammar, dramas and didactic narratives. Philosophical and doctrinal works are very few. ***************************************************************************************************************

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Jaina-Literature : 15th Century LG WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM JS. JS. Swami Karttikeya | Karttikeya nupreksa Jinacandra Siddhanta-sara darzana (Philosophy) Philosophy JM. Brahmasadharana Jinaharsa-gani Ksemaraja Subhavardhana-gani Vaya-kaha Rayana-sehari-kaha Uvaesa-sattari Dasa-sravaka-carita Vaddhamana-desana Katha-mahodadhi Narratives Biography (Carita Didactics Collection of Narratives Collection of Narratives Collection of Narratives Somacandra Skt. Amarasundara-suri Anonymous Bhavacandra-suri Caritraratna-gani Caritrasundara-gani Caritravardhana-gani Dayavardhana-gani Dayavardhana-suri Devamurti Dhanada Ambada-carita Bhadrabahu-samhita Santinatha-carita Dana-pradipa Kumarapala-carita Mahipala-carita Acaropadesa Siladuta (Samasya-purti of Meghaduta) Suktimuktavali (MS.) Tika on Kumara-sambhava (MS.) Tika on Meghaduta (MS.) Tika on Naisadha (MS.) Tika on Raghuvamsa (MS.) Tika on Sisupala-vadha Ratnasekhara-ratnavati-katha/Parvavicara Dhanya-sali-caritra Vikrama-carita Vairagya-dhanada/Vairagya-sataka Niti-dhanada / Niti-sataka Spngara-sataka Kumarapala-carita Nyaya-dipika Sravakacara Samyaktva-Kaumudi Vidyasagara-sresthi-katha Vitti on Samboha-sattari Jivanadhara-campu Sripala-katha Tika on Arambha-siddhi (Sudhi-spngara) Balinarendra-kathanaka Malaya-sundari-carita Nyaya-sara-dipika Pratikramana-vidhi Aramasobha-caritra Vastupala-carita Samyaktva-kaumudi Vimsati-sthanaka-vicatamita-sangraha Dhanya-sali-carita (Dana-kalpa-druma) Biography (Carita) Astronomy Biography (Carita) Didactics Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Didactics Poetry Anthology Epic (Comm.) Epic (Comm.) Epic (Comm.) Epic (Comm.) Epic (Comm.) Narratives Biography (Carita) Epic Didactics Ethics Poetics Biography (Carita) Logic (Nyaya) Ethics (Householders' Conduct) Collection of Narratives Narratives Didactics (Comm.) Campukavya Biography (Carita) Astronomy (Comm.) Narratives Biography (Carita) Logic (Nyaya) Religious Conduct Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Collection of Narratives Religious Conduct Biography (Carita) Dhanaratna Dharmabhusana Gunabhusana Gunakara-suri Gunavinaya Haricandra Hemacandra-suri Hemahamsa-gani Indrahamsa-gani Jayatilaka-suri Jayasimha-suri Jinaharsa-gani Jinakirti

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Jaina-Literature : 15th Century LG WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM Skt. Jinakirti Sraddha-guna-samgraha Namaskara-stava Panca-jina-stava Campaka-sresthi-katha Sripala-gopala-katha Uttama-kumara-katha Tika on Sraddha-guna-sangraha Jinamandana-gani Jinapala Jinasundara Jinasagara Jinasagara-suri Kirttiraja (Upadhyaya) Ksemankara-gani Ksemaraja Labdhisagara Mallibhusana Mandana Kumarapala-prabandha Dharma-pariksa Tika on Uvaesa-rasayana Dipalika-kalpa Tika on Karpura-prakara Ratnacuda-katha Vimalanatha-carita Neminatha-mahakavya Simhasana-dva-trimsika Upadesa-saptatika Prthvicandra-carita Samyaktva-kaumudi Campu-mandana Sarasvata-mandana Upasarga-mandana Kadambari-mandna Alankara-mandana Kavikalpa-druma Samgita-mandana (MS.) Candra-vijaya Kavya-mandana Sangara-mandana Mahipala-caritra Sridhara-carita-mahakavya Sukaraja-katha Ethics (Householders' Conduct) Eulogy (Stotra) Eulogy (Stotra) Narratives Narratives Narratives Ethics (Householders' Conduct) (Comm.) Legendary History Secular (Satirical) Didactics (Comm.) Ritualistics Narratives (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Epic Collection of Narratives Didactics Biography (Carita) Collection of Narratives Campukavya Grammar Grammar Narratives Poetics Poetics Scientific & Technical Secular (Satirical) Secular (Satirical) Secular (Satirical) Biography (Carita) Epic Narratives Manikyasundara Manikyasundara (Ancala-gaccha, Merutunga-sisyal Manatunga-suri Munisoma Padmamandira-gani Prabhacandra Ratnamandana-gani Dharmadatta-kathanaka Mani-kalpa Ranasimha-nrpa-katha Katharnava Tika on Atmanusasana Sukata-sagara Upadesa-tarangini Bhoja-prabandha Jhanjhana-prabandha Pethada-prabandha Prthvidhara-prabandha Citrasena-padmavati-carita Bhoja-carita Tika on Sadavasyaka Narratives Scientific & Technical Narratives Collection of Narratives Didactics (Comm.) Didactics Didactics Legendary History Legendary History Legendary History Legendary History Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Religious Conduct (Comm.) Rajavallabha (Pathaka) Rajavallabha (Pathaka)

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Jaina-Literature : 15th Century LG WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM Skt. Ramacandra Srutasagara Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Collection of Narratives Eulogy (Stotra) (Comm.) Eulogy (Stotra)(Comm.) Eulogy (Stotra) (Comm.) Grammar Narratives Philosophy (Comm.) Philosophy (Comm.) Philosophy (Comm.) Subhasila-gani Sakalakirtti Panca-danda-cchatra-katha Sripala-carita Yasodhara-carita Vrata-katha-kosa Tika on Jina-sahasra-nama Tika on Siddha-bhakti sika on Siddha-cakrastaka Audarya-cintamani Sugandha-dasami-katha Tika on Jnarnava (Tattvatraya-prakasika) Vrtti on Tattvartha-sutra Tika on Sat-prabhsta Tika on Yasastilaka-campu (Yasastilaka-candrika) Tika on Mahabhiseka Salivahana-caritra Vikrama-caritra Bharatadi-katha Pancasati-prabodha-samgraha Prabhavaka-katha Satrunjaya-kalpa-katha Panca-varga-samgraha-nama-mala Punyasara-katha Subhasita-ratnavali / Subhasitavali Dhanya-kumara-carita Mallinatha-carita Parsvanatha-carita Pradyumna-carita Santinatha-caritra Sudarsana-carita Sukumala-carita Yasodhara-carita Adinatha-purana Harivasa-purana Vardhamana-purana Sapta-vyasana-katha Psthvicandra-carita Sripala-carita Tika on Vagbhatalankara Guru-guna-ratnakara-kavya Upadesa-saptatika Yasodhara-carita Uttama-kumara-carita Ratnapala-katha Dharma-kalpa-druma Sudarsana-carita Saptabhangi-tarangini Pasanaha-cariu Campukavya (Comm.) Ritualistics (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Collection of Narratives Collection of Narratives Legendary History Legendary History Lexicon Narratives Anthology Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Mythology (Purana) Mythology (Purana) Mythology (Purana) Narratives Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Poetics Poetry Didactics Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Narratives Collection of Narratives Biography (Carita) Logic (Nyaya) Biography (Carita) Satyaraja-gani Simhadeva-gani Somacaritra-gani Somadharmagani Somakirtti Somamandanagani Udayadharmagani Vidyanandi (Bhattaraka) Vimaladasa Aasavala Apa.

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Jaina-Literature : 15th Century LG WRITER WORK SUBJECT / FORM Apa. Balacandra Hemasara Jayadeva (Muni) Jayamitrahalla Jayasekhara-suri-sisya Laksmanadeva Laksmicandra Raidhu Niddaha-sattami-kaha Sugandha-dahami-kaha Uvaesa-sandhi Bhavana-sandhi Vaddhamana-kavvu Uvahana-sandhi Sila-sandhi Neminaha-cariu Savaya-dhamma-doha Dhanna-kumara-cariu Jinadatta-cariu Mehesara-cariu Sammainaha-cariu Sirivala-cariu Sukosala-cariu Punnasava-kaha-kosu Balabhadra-purana Anathami-kaha Dhamma-parikkha Harivamsa-purana Candappaha-cariu Harivamsa-purana Pandava-purana Jinaratti-vihana-kaha | Ravi-vvaya-kaha Narratives Narratives Poetical Composition (Sandhi) Poetical Composition (Sandhi) Biography (Carita) Poetical Composition (Sandhi) Poetical Composition (Sandhi) Biography (Carita) Ethics (Householders' Conduct) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Collection of Narratives Mythology (Purana) Narratives Collection of Narratives Mythology (Purana) Biography (Carita) Mythology (Purana) Mythology (Purana) Narratives Narratives Srutakirtti Yasakirtti

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Observations on 15th century - Jaina-Literature * We find the literature of 15th century in JS., JM., Skt. and Apabhramsa. * Jinacandra's Siddhantasara is the single philosophical work written in Jaina Sauraseni. The title of the work is named after Kundakunda's works viz.. Samayasara. Pravacanasara etc. and it is quite evident that it is a Digambara work. * JM. works are comparatively less in number in the perspective of 14th century. Most of them are Caritas and collections of didactic narratives. * Maximum literary activity of this century pertains to Sanskrit. Variety of literary forms and subjects is remarkable. * Caritas are found in JM., Skt. and Apabhramsa. These Caritas are dedicated to Tirthankaras, Pratyekabuddhas, eminent historical personalities, Jaina and non-Jaina kings as well as Jaina householders. The tradition of Yasodharacarita is continued. * The legendary histories (Prabandhas) are written on Psthvidhara, Pethada, Bhoja, Jhanjhana and Kumarapala. * The famous Skt. work Simhasanadvatrimsika was written in the 14th century by an anonymous writer in poetry form. The credit goes to the Jaina author Ksemankaragami to put this important work in Skt. prose form. Amarasundarasuri imitated the same style in his Ambadacarita. * Three collections of didactic narratives by three different authors having the same title Samyaktvakaumudi are very peculiar of this century. We find other two Samyaktvakaumudis in the 16th century. * Sakalakirti produced ample literature but his works are mostly Caritas and Puranas. * Poet Mandana included his name in the title of each work. He was well-versed in grammar and poetics. * Caritravardhanagani acquired a good position in the history of Sanskrit literature due to his anthology Suktimuktavali and his important commentarial work on five famous classical Skt. epics viz. Kumarasambhava, Meghaduta, Naisadha, Raghuvamsa and Sisupalavadha. * The tradition of satirical work laid down by Haribhadra is continued in this century by Skt. Dharmaparikna and Apa. Dhammaparikkha. * The contribution of this century to logic is very meagre.

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* Sanskrit didactic works are ample in this century. * Works pertaining to Sravakacara are very few in this century. Subhavardhanagani presented Sravakacara through his Dasasravakacarita in Jaina Maharastri. Savayadhammadoha of Laksmicandra is the first work pertaining to Sravakacara in Apabhraisa. * The Vratakathas and Vratakathakosas are written mostly by Digambara authors of this century in Apabhraisa. * Srutasagara, a Digambara author mentions himself as 'Desayati'. He produced a vast literature which contains mostly commentarial and biographical works. * Small treatises pertaining to various ritualistic and ethical subjects are very peculiar of this century, viz. Danaprdipa, Danakalpadruma, Pratikramanavidhi and Saptavyasanakatha. * To sum up, we can say that Prathamanuyoga or Kathanuyoga literature is the speciality of this century. But one more thing is remarkable that Jaina author's attention was attracted towards non-Jaina classical Skt. literature. They produced a lot of imitative and commentarial works and very few works among them acquired important position in the history of Skt. literature. **************************************************************************************************** *********