Brief Survey of Jaina Prakrit and Sanskrit Literature Part 3

Author(s): Nalini Joshi
Publisher: Sanmati Tirth Prakashan Pune
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/007632/1

Page #1

Jaina-Literature : 12th Century
LG WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
Jain Literature : 12th Century Srāvakācāra
JŚVasunandi
Ethics (Layman's Conduct)
JM.
Anonymous Anonymous Anonymous Amradeva-sūri Asadha
Bandha-sāmitta Goyama-puccha Karma-stava Vịtti on Akkhānaya-maņi-kosa Upadeśa-kandali Vivega-mañjari Kahávali Brhatsamgrahani Kahā-rayana-kosa
Philosophy (Karma) Philosophy (Karma) Philosophy (Karma) Narrative (Comm.) Didactics Didactics Collection of Narratives Cosmology (Karanānuyoga) Collection of Narratives
Bhadreśvara-sūri Candra-sūri Devabhadra-suri (Gunacandra-gani)
Deva-sūri Devananda Haribhadra (Śricandra-sisya)
Hemacandra
Jinadatta-sūri
Jineśvara-sūri
Mahāvīra-cariya Pāsaņāha-cariya Jivānuśāsana Ksetra-samāsa Candraprabha-carita Mallinātha-carita Manipati-carita Kumārapāla-carita (Dvyāśraya-kavya) Deśi-nama-mālā (with self-comm.) Ganadhara-sārdha-sataka Vivega-vilāsa Maya-rahiya-thotta Sāraņā Suguru-pāratanta-thotta Sāmāyāri Gāhā-kosa Candappaha-cariya Mallinā ha-cariya Nemināha-cariya Supāsaņāha-cariya Bhava-bhāvanā (with self-comm.) Upadeśa-mālā (with self-comm.) Narmadā-sundarī-kathā Gāhā-kosa / Rasāula Anusāsanankusa-kulaya Hiovaesa-kulaya Rayaņattaya-kulaya Samanna-gunovaesa-kulaya Uvaesa-kulaya Angula-saptatikā Gängeya-prakarana Vanaspati-saptatikā-prakarana Satthi-saya Nemiņāha-cariya Puhavicanda-cariya Dhamma-rayana-pagarana
Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Philosophy (Spiritual) Cosmology (Karaņānuyoga) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography + Grammer Lexicon Biography (Carita) Didactics Eulogy (Stotra) Eulogy (Stotra) Eulogy (Stotra) Religious Conduct Anthology Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Didactics Didactics Narratives Anthology Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Poetical Composition (Prakarana) Poetical Composition (Prakaraña) Poetical Composition (Prakarana) Didactics Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Ethics (Householders' Conduct)
Laksmana-gani Maladhāri Hemacandra
Mahendra-sūri Municandra
Nemicandra (Bhandāgārika) Ratnaprabha-sūri śānti-sūri (Pipaliya Gaccha) śānti-sūri

Page #2

Jaina-Literature : 12th Century
LG
WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
JM.
śānti-sūri Sivasarmā
Śricandra (Devendrasuri-sisyal Sricandra (Silabhadrasūri-sisya
Caitya-vandana-bhāşya Sataka Saptatikā Sanatkumāra-carita Munisuvrata-carita Viseşacūrņi on Nisiha Khetta-samāsa 20h uddesa) Śricandriya-samgrhani Sankkhitta-samgrhani Subohă-sāmāyari Dhamma-vihi-payarana Sumatinātha-carita Kumārapāla-pratibodha Jinadattākkhyāna
Religious Conduct Philosophy (Karma) Philosophy (Karma) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Cosmology (Karaņānuyoga) Cosmology (Karanānuyoga) Cosmology (Karaņānuyoga) Religious Conduct Didactics (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Narratives Biography (Carita)
Sriprabha-sūri Somaprabha-sūri
Sumati-sūri / gasi Vardhamāna-sūri (Abhayadeva-sisya)
Adināhacariya Manorama-kahā
Biography (Carita) Narratives
Vardhamāna-sūri (Govinda-sūri-sişya) Vijaysimha
Gana-ratna-mahodadhi Curni on Sraddha-pratikramana-sutra (Vandittu-sūtta) Dhammakkhāna-kosa Candappaha-cariya
Grammar Ethics (Householders' Conduct)
(Comm.) Collection of Narratives Biography (Carita)
Vinayacandra Yaśodeva
Skt.
Ananta vīrya
Anonymous Asadha
Vrtti on Parikşā-mukha (Prameya-ratna-mālā) Yoga-sara Tīkā on Vrtta-ratnākara Tīkā on Meghaduta Vasanta-vilāsa Tīkā on Upadeśa-kandali Tīkā on Vivega-mañjari Karuņā-vajrāyudha
Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.) Yoga Metrics (Comm.) Poetics (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Didactics (Comm.) Didactics (Comm.) Drama
Bālacandra-sūri
Devabhadra-sūri (Guņacandra-gaņi)
Laghu-vrtti on Jivābhigama Tippana on Nyāyāvatāra Cūrņi on Sārdha-sataka
Canonical Comm. (Śve.) Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.) Philosophy (Comm.)
Dhanesvara Devendra-gaņi (Devacandra-sūri) Gunabhadra
Govindācārya Hemacandra
Candraprabha-carita Atimuktaka-caritra Dhanyakumāra-caritra Jinadatta-caritra Kộtapunya-caritra Vrtti on Karma-stava Laghu-arhannīti Anyayoga-vyavaccheda-dvātrimśikā Ayoga-vyavaccheda-dvātrimśikā Mahadeva-stotra Mahāvīra-stotra
Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Philosophy (Karma) (Comm.) Ethics Eulogy + Logic Eulogy + Logic Eulogy - Logic Eulogy + Logic

Page #3

Jaina-Literature : 12th Century
LG
WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
Skt.
Eulogy + Logic Grammar Grammar Grammar
Grammar Grammar Grammar Grammar Grammar Legendary History Lexicon Lexicon Lexicon Logic (Nyāya)
Logic (Nyāya) Metrics Mythology (Purāņa) Poetics Yoga Biography (Carita)
Hemacandra
Vītarāga-stotra Dhātu-pārāyana-vivarana Lingānušāsana with self-comm.) Siddha-hema-bhadvrtti (Tattvaprakāśikā) Siddha-hema-brhannyāsa (Sabda-mahārņava-nyāsa) (incomplete) Siddha-hema-laghu-vștti Siddha-hema-prāksta-vștti Siddha-hema-sabdānusasana Uņādi-gana-vivarana Parisista-parva Abhidhāna-cintamani (with self-comm.) Anekārtha-kusa Nighantu-seșa (with self-comm.) Pramāna-mīmāmsă (with self-comm.)
(incomplete) Vedānkusa (dvija-vadana-capeta) Chandonuśāsana (with self-comm.) Trişaşti-salākā-puruşa-carita Kāvyānuśāsana (with self-comm.)
Yoga-śāstra (with self-comm.) Haricandra
Dharmaśarmabhyudaya Haribhadra (Jinapati-sisya)
Śreyāmsa-caritra Vrtti on kşetra-samāsa Vrtti on Prasamarati Vrtti on Bandha-sāmitta
Vrtti on Sadaśīti Jayakirti
Chandonusāsana Jinadatta-sūri
Sakuna-rahasya Jinabhadra-sūri
Madanarekhākkhyāyikā-campū Jinapati
Tīkā on Samgha-pattaka Muniratna-sūri
Amamasvāmi-carita Maladhārī Devaprabha-sūri Mrgāvati-caritra
Pandava-caritra Maladhāri Hemacandra Neminātha-carita
Vrtti on Aņuogaddāra Vyākkhyā on Aņuogaddāra Tippana on Avassaya Tippana on Nandi Vrtti on Višeşāvaśyaka-bhāşya Vivarana on Jivasamāsa
Vivarana on Sataka Malayagiri
sīkā on Avassaya Tīkā on Bhagavai Tīkā on Bphatkalpa Tīkā on Candapannnatti Tīkā on Jīvābhigama Tīkā on Joisa-karandaga Tīkā on Nandi Tīkā on Pannavaņā
Biography (Carita) Cosmology (Karaṇānuyoga) Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Philosophy (Karma) Philosophy (Karma) Metrics Prognostics Campūkāvya Ethics Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Canonical Comm. (Šve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Philosophy Philosophy (Karma) Canonical Comm. (Šve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Śve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.)

Page #4

Jaina-Literature : 12th Century
LG
WRITER
WORK
Skt.
SUBJECT / FORM Canonical Comm. (Śve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (sve.) Canonical Comm. (Šve.)
Cosmology (Karanānuyogal Comm.) Cosmology (Karanānuyogal Comm. Philosophy (Comm.) Philosophy (Karma) (Comm.) Philosophy (Karma) (Comm.) Philosophy (Karma) (Comm.) Philosophy (Karma) (Comm. Grammar Didactics (Comm.) Epic (Comm.) Didactics (Comm.) Prognostics Didactics Poetics Didactics (Comm.) Logic (Nyāya) Grammar Collection of Narratives Drama Drama
Malayagiri
Tīkā on Pindanijjutti Tīkā on Rāyappaseni Țikä on Suriyapannatti Țīkā on Vavahāra-nijjutti
& Vavahāra-bhāsa Tikā on Brhatkşetra-samāsa Tīkā on Brhat-samgrahani Tīkā on Dharma-samgrahani sīkā on Chāsii Tīkā on Kamma-payadi Tīkā on Panca-samgraha Tīkā on Sattari
Malayagiri-sabdānušāsana Municandra
Tīkā on Dharma-bindu sīkā on Naişadhiya-carita of Sriharşa
con Uvaesa paya (sukha-samdodhani) Narapati
Narapati-jaya-carcă Padmānanda
Padmānanda-śataka / Vairāgya-sataka Pūrnabhadra (Muni) Pancākkhyāna Ratnaprabha-sūri
Tīkā on Uvaesa-māla (Doghatti)
Syādvāda-ratnākarā-vatārikā Rājahamsa
Sabdārņava-prakriya Rāmacandra-mumuksu Punyāśrava-kathā-kosa Rāmacandra-sūri
Kaumudi-mitrānanda Mallika-makaranda Nala-vilāsa Nirbhaya-bhima-vyāyoga Raghu-vilāsa Rāghavābhyudaya Rohiņi-mrgāňka Satya-hariscandra Vanaväli
Yadavābhyudaya Rāmacandra-sūri & Gunacandra-gani Nātya-darpana (with self-comm.) Śricandra (Śilabhadra-sūri-sisya) Tippaņa on Āvassaya
| Tikā on Jiya-kappa Sricandra (Silabhadra-sūri-sisya) Tīkā on Nandi
sīkā on Nirayāvalikā (etc. 5 Upānga) Tika on Pinda-visuddhi Sarva-siddhanta-vişamapada-paryāya Nyāya-praveśa-pañjikā
Jayadeva-chandaha-śāstra-vrtti-lippanaka Srutakirti
Tīkā on Jainendra-vyākarana (Panca-vastu) Siddhasena
Padmaprabhacaritra Tikā on Pravacana-sāroddhāra
(Tatva-vikāśini Somaprabha
Sindūra-prakara Śrngāra-vairāgya-tarangini
Drama
Drama Drama Drama
Drama
Drama
Drama Drama
Dramatics
Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Svc.)
Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Comm.) Lexicon (Technical Terms) Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.) Metrics (Comm.) Grammar (Comm.) Biography (Carita)
Religious Conduct (Comm.) Ethics Ethics

Page #5

Jaina-Literature : 12th Century
LG
WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
Skt.
Satārthi-kāvya Kalyāņa-kāraka
Poetry Ayurveda
Somaprabha Ugrāditya Vardhamāna-sūri (Nagendra-gaccha) Vardhamāna-sūri (Abhayadeva-sisya) Vasunandi
Vasupujya-carita
Biography (Carita)
Dharma-ratna-karandaka (with self-comm. Tīkā on Mulācāra (Sarvārtha-siddhi)
Vädi-deva-sūri
Vägbhata (Bahada)
Tīkā on Astašati (Devāgama-vịtti) Tīkā on Apta-mīmāṁsā Pramāņa-naya-tattvālokālankāra Syādvāda-ratnākara Nemi-nirvana-mahakavya Vägbhatālankāra Nemidūta-kāvya(Samasya-purti of Meghaduta Ācāra-sāra Dharmopadeśa-prakarana Vrtti on Nava-pada-prakarana
Didactics Ethics (Monastic Conduct)
(Comm.) (Dig.) Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.) Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.) Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.) Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.) Epic Poetics Poetry Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Didactics (Prakarana) Ethics (Householders' Conduct)
(Comm.) Ethics (Monastic Conduct)
(Comm.) Philosophy (Comm.)
Vikrama Vīranandi Yaśodeva
Tikā on Pinda-visuddhi (Subodhā)
Vrtti on Nava-tattva-prakarana
Apa.
Amarakirti Dhāhila Haribhadra (Śricandra-sūri-sişya)
Chakkamuvaesu Paumasiri-cariu Nemiņāha-cariu
Didactics Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita)
Jinadatta-sūri
Sanankumāra-cariu Uvaesa-rasāyaņu Kāla-sarūva-kulaya Cacchari
Biography (Carita) Didactics Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Poetical Composition
(prakarana) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita)
Sridhara
Pāsaņāha-cariu Sukumāla-cariu

Page #6

Observations on 12th century - Jaina-Literature
* 12th century is the peak-point of Prakrit and Sanskrit Jain Literature. It is literally flooded with gigantic literary personalities.
* Skt. works are maximum in this century. Jaina Mahārāstrī works are comparatively less. still ample in number. There is only a single work in Jaina Saurasenī. Apabhramsa works are much lesser than JM. works. Apabhramśa works are majoritily biographical and didactic.
* Malayagiri, the famous Šve. commentator, had done a complete survey of canonical commentaries and wrote the commentaries on all the remaining canons. He wrote commentaries on Upāngas, Mūlasūtras, Chedasūtras and Prakīrņakas. Through his huge literary works he encompasses philosophy, Karma-theory, ethics, cosmology and grammar.
* Maladhārī Hemacandra wrote various Vịttis, Vivaranas and Tīppaņas.
* Hemacandra, the all-rounder genius is honoured by the epithet, ‘Kalikālasarvajña'. He seems to be very comfortable with JM., Skt. and Apabhramsa. Dr. A.M.Ghatage noted about his Apabhramśa in the introduction of Prakrit-English dictionary that, 'The most valuable material of this language is found in a large number of stanzas quoted by Hemacandra in the fourth Pāda of his Prakrit Grammar. They show not only traces of their non-Jaina origins but also contain purely secular matter and show traces of different dialects.' When a reader goes through the list of his works, he gets stunned due to the variety of subjects and literary forms.
* Rāmacandrasūri, one of the brilliant disciples of Hemacandra, chose the special field of dramatics. After studying Bharata's Nāțyaśāstra thoroughly, he composed Nāțyadarpaņa and noted his special views on drama. He himself wrote Nātakas, Nātikās, Prakaranas and Vyāyogas. His dramas are totally secular in nature. His name is enumerated in the history of Sanskrit dramatics immediately after Dhananjaya, the author of Dasarūpaka.
* Without any sectarian bias, Jaina poets wrote commentaries on classical Skt. works like Meghadūta and Naişadhīyacarita. Vikrama's Nemidūta is Samasyāpūrti of Meghadūta, but the main character is taken from the Jaina legendary history.
* Ample biographical literature is found in this century both in JM., Skt. and Apabhramśa. Jaina Mahārāstrī Caritas are comparatively more in number and they are mostly dedicated to Tīrthankaras. Sanskrit biographies are dedicated to various personalities like Jinadatta, Dhanyakumāra, Atimuktaka, Krtapunya, Mrgāvati etc.
* Municandra's poetical compositions, viz., Kulakas and Prakaranas are peculiar in this century.

Page #7

* Śrīcandra, the disciple of Sīlabhadragani wrote Tīkās and Tīppaņas on important canons. He is very comfortable with both JM. and Sanskrit. The variety of subjects found in his works is remarkable.
* Ugrāditya's Kalyāņakāraka, a work on Ayurveda, is noteworthy. Though there are many references of Jaina texts on Ayurveda, very few are actually available. There is a controversy about the exact date of Ugrāditya, but the date given by Dr. Hiralal Jain is accepted here (i.e. 12th cen. A.D.)
* Many collections of narratives and anthologies are found in this century. Kahāvali, Kahārayanakosa and Dhammakkhāņakosa are written in JM., while Pañcākhyāna and Punyāśravakathākosa are written in Sanskrit. Two Gāhākosas (anthologies) are found in Jaina Mahārāștri written by Municandra and Jineśvara (II).
* In each century, Jaina authors are writing on prognostics, without break. In this century, Śakunarahasya and Narapatijayacarcă are the works dedicated to prognostics.
* 12th century is very special in the history of Jaina literature. Due to the royal patronage, the literary activities flourished in Gujrat and Rajasthan during this century. Digambara writers are less active in this century because Śaivaite movements were at their peak in South India. Still, the Digambara writers Vasunandi and Vādidevasuri continued their work in the field of logic and ethics.
* The literary giant Hemacandra, the famous commentator Malayagari and dramatist Rāmacandrasūri made this century remarkable.
************************************************************************************************************

Page #8

Jaina-Literature : 13th Century
LG WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
JŚ. JM.
Indranandi Yogīndra Deva-sūri
Devendra-sūri
Jain Literature : 13th Century Cheda-pinda
Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Padmaprabha-svāmi-carita
Biography (Carita) Sāntinātha-carita
Biography (Carita) Kanha-cariya
Biography (Carita) Sudamsaņā-cariya (Sakunikā-vihāra) Biography (Carita) Susadha-cariya
Biography (Carita) Dāņa-sila-tava-bhāvanā-kulaya
Didactics Ādiņāha-thava
Eulogy (Stotra) Sāśvata-caitya-stava
Eulogy (Stotra) Siddha-pañcāsiya
Philosophy Navya Karma-grantha (Kamma-vivāga etc. 5, with self-comm.) | Philosophy (Karma) Ceiya-vandana-bhāsa
Religious Conduct Deva-vandana-bhāsa
Religious Conduct Guru-vandana-bhāsa
Religious Conduct Jayanti-praśnottara-samgraha (with comm. of Malayaprabha-sūri) Collection of Narratives Samkhitta-tarangavai-kahā (Tarangalolā) Narratives Pravacana-sāroddhāra
Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Vicārasāra-prakarana
Cosmology (Karaṇānuyoga) Kālikācārya-kathā
Narratives Mahivāla-kaha
Narratives
Manatunga-sūri
Nemicandra-gaņi Nemicandra-sūri Pradyumna-sūri Vinayacandra-sūri Vīradeva-gaņi
Skt.
Abhayacandra-sūri Abhayadeva-sūri Amaracandra-sūri
Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.) Epic Biography (Carita) Epic Epic Grammar Grammar (Comm.)
Laghiyastraya-tātparya-vịtti Jayanta-vijaya Caturvimsati-jinacarita Bala-bhārata Padmānanda-mahākāvya Syādi-sabda-samuccaya Tīkā on Siddha-hema-sabdānuśāsanabrhadvrtti Alankāra-prabodha-sūktāvali (MS.) Chandoratnāvali (MS.) Kāvya-kalāpa (MS.) Tīkā on Kavi-śikṣā (Kavya-kalpa-lata) Tīkā on Pancāstikāya (Tattva-dīpikā / Samaya-vyākhyā) Tīkā on Pravacana-sāra Tīkā on Samaya-sära (Samaya-sära-kalasa / Atma-khyāti) Puruşārtha-siddhyupāya Tattvārtha-sāra Kavi-darpaņa
Poetics Poetics Poetics Poetics (Comm.)
Amptacandra
Philosophy (Comm.) (Dig.) Philosophy (Comm.) (Dig.)
Philosophy (Comm.) (Dig.) Religious Conduct Philosophy (Comm.) Poetics
Anonymous
Asādhara
Sāgāra-dharmāmsta Tīkā on Bhagavati Arādhanā (Darpana!
Ethics (Householders' Conduct) Ethics (Monastic Conduct) (Comm.) (Dig.)

Page #9

Jaina-Literature : 13th Century
WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
Skt.
Asādhara
Siddha-guna-stotra Trişaști-smrti-sastra Prameya-ratnakara Pratiştha-kalpa Ratna-traya-vidhi
Adhyātma-rahasya Bālacandra
Tīkā on Upadeśa-kanadali Vrtti on Viveka-mañjari
Vasanta-vilāsa Bhāvasena-traividya Tīkā on Kātantra (Rūpamāla)
Tīkā on Sākațāyana
Visva-tattva-prakāśa Candratilaka (Upadhyāya) Abhayakumāra-carita Devaprabha-sūri (Maladhari Pandava-carita Devendra-sūri
Śreņika-carita Tikā on Praśnottara-ratnamala
Eulogy (Stotra) Mythology (Purāņa) Logic (Nyaya) Ritualistics Religious Conduct Philosophy (Spiritual) Didactics Didactics Narratives Grammar (Comm.) Grammar (Comm.) Logic (Nyāya) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Collection of Narratives
(Comm.) Ethics (Householders' Conduct)
(Comm.) Philosophy (Comm.) Narratives
Vștti on Śrāddha-dinakstya
Dhanapāla Dhaneśvara-sūri
Dharmakumāra Dharmavardhana Durlabharāja
Hamsadeva Haricandra
Tīkā on Dharma-ratna Tilakamañjari-kathāsāra Satrunjaya-māhātmya (Raivatācala-māhātmya) Salibhadra-carita Pārsva-jina-stavana Hasti-pariksa (Gaja-parīkņā) (MS.) Turanga-prabandha Mrga-paksi-sastra Jivandhara-campū Dharmasarmabhyudaya Añjana-pavananjaya Arjuna-rāja (MS.) Bharata-rāja (MS.) Maithili-kalyāņa Megheśvara (MS.) Subhadrā Udayana-rāja (MS.) Vikrānta-kaurava Pratişthā-tilaka Tailokya-prakāśa Kavi-siksa Kumārapāla-bhūpāla-carita Hammira-mada-mardana Vastupāla-tejapāla-prasasti Sakuna-rahasya Sanatkumāra-carita Tikā on Duvālasa-kulaya
Legendary History Biography (Carita) Eulogy (Stotra) Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Biography (Carita) Epic Drama Drama Drama Drama
Hastimalla
Drama
Drama
Hemaprabha-suri Jayamangala-sūri Jayasimha
Drama Drama Ritualistics Astronomy Poetics Biography (Carita) Drama Legendary History (Kāvya) Astronomy Epic Poetical Composition (Kulaka)
(Comm.)
Jinadatta-sūri Jinapāla

Page #10

Jaina-Literature : 13th Century
LG
WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
Skt.
Jinaratna Kşemakirti Laghu Samantabhadra Mahendra-sūri Mallisena
Narratives Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.) Lexicon (Comm.)
Māghanandi Mānatunga-sūri Māņikyacandra
Meghaprabhācārya Munideva Narendraprabha-sūri
Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.) Philosophy Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Poetics (Comm.) Drama Didactics (Comm.) Legendary History (Poetry) Poetics Astronomy Didactics Philosophy (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Collection of Narratives Legendary History
Naracandra-suri Paramānanda-sūri
Prabhācandra
Pradyumnasūri
Nirvāņa-līlāvati Laghu-bhāşya on BỊhatkalpa-sutra Tippaņa on Aşta-sahasri Tikä on Anekārtha-sangraha Tīkā on Anyayoga-vyavacchedikā (Syädvāda-mañjarī) Sastra-sāra-samuccaya Śreyamsanātha-carita Pārsvanātha-carita śāntinātha-carita Tīkā on Kavya-prakāśa (Sanketa) (MS.) Dharmabhyudaya Tīkā on Dhammovaesa-mālā Vastupāla-prasasti-kāvya Alankāra-mahodadhi (with self-comm.) Jyotissāra Hitopadeśa-mālā-prakarana Vrtti on Karma-vipāka Mallinātha-carita Katha-kosa Prabhāvaka-carita Tikä on kātantra-vyākarana (Daurgasimha-vịtti) Samarāditya-samkşepa Țīkā on Pavvajjā-vihāņa Atimuktaka-carita Dhanya-salibhadra-carita Kộtapunya-caritra Syādvāda-ratnākaļāvatārikā Kuvalayamālā-kathā Prabuddha-rauhineya Laghu-vștti on Avassaya Pañca-vastu-prakriya Tīkā on Sabdārņava Jagadu-carita Mantra-rāja-rahasya Vardhamāna-vidya-kalpa Tīkā on Ganita-tilaka Tīkā on Ganadhara-sārddha-sataka Suksta-samkirtana Prāksta-sabdānusāsana (with self-comm.) Arambha-siddhi Dharmābhyudaya Tīkā on Uvaesa-mālā (Kaņikā) Sukrta-kirti-kallolini Kumāra-vihāra-prasasti-kāvya Nara-nārāyaṇānanda Tīkā on Nyāya-viniscaya
Purnabhadragani
Ratnaprabhasūri Ratnaprabhācārya Rāmabhadra Srītilaka-sūri Śrutakirti Srutakīrti-sişya Satvānanda-sūri Simhatilaka-sūri
Grammar (Comm.) Narratives Ritualistics (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Logic (Nyāya) Narratives Drama Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Grammar (Comm.) Grammar (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Ritualistics Ritualistics Scientific & Technical (Comm.) Biography (Carita) (Comm.) Legendary History Grammar (Comm.) Astronomy Collection of Narratives Didactics (Comm.) Legendary History Legendary History Anekārthika) Poetry Epic Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.)
Sumatigani Thakkura-arisimha Trivikrama Udayaprabhasūri
Vardhamāna-gani Vastupala Vădirāja-sūri

Page #11

Jaina-Literature : 13th Century
LG
WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
Skt.
Vādirāja-sūri Vāsavasena Vijayapala Vinayacandra-sūri
Pramāņa-nirnaya Yasodhara-carita Draupadi-svayamvara Mallinātha-carita Munisuvrata-carita Pārsvanātha-carita Kalpa-nirukta Kāvya-śikṣā Punyasăra-kathā Moharāja-parājaya
Logic (Nyāya) Biography (Carita) Drama Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Grammar Poetics Narratives Drama
Vivekasamudra-gaņi Yašapāla
Apa.
Devasena-gani Laksmana
Ratnaprabha-gani Simha (Siddha) Suprabhācārya Vinayacandra-sūri
Sulocana-cariu Jinadatta-cariu Aņuvvaya-rayana-palu Antaranga-sandhi Pajjunna-cariu Vairāgya-sära Ananda-sāvaya-sandhi
Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Narratives Poetical Composition (Sandhi) Biography (Carita) Didactics Poetical Composition (Sandhi)

Page #12

Observations on 13th century - Jaina-Literature
* The single JŚ. work of this century is dedicated to monastic conduct.
* JM. works are ample in this century but they are mostly Caritas, narratives and Prakaraņas.
* Devendrasūri produced ample works in which eulogies and ritualistic works prevail. His Navya Kamagranthas are noteworthy from the philosophical point of view.
* Nemicandragani presented the abridged version of Padalipta's Tarangavaikahā in Jaina Mahārāștri.
* Skt. literature written by both sects in this century is enormous. Variety of subjects and literary forms is noteworthy.
* Amaracandra's copious works on poetics are found but they are not published up till HOW.
* Amộtacandra wrote commentaries on the important works of Kundakunda. Though the commentaries on the same works of Jayasena are found in 10th century, Amstacandra's commentaries are more remarkable and honoured. His Puruşārthasiddhyupāya attained revered position specially among Digambara tradition.
* Āsādhara wrote on various subjects. His works are dedicated to religious conduct, legendary history, logic, ritualistics and philosophy (spiritual). His Sāgāradharmāmộta is a landmark treatise on Śrāvakācāra. His commentary on Bhagavati Ārādhanā under lines the importance of this ancient work very effectively.
* Durlabharāja and Hamsadeva produced scientific and technical works concerned to animals and birds.
* Lagusamantabhadra, Mallisena and Vādirājasūri are the famous Jaina logicians of this century. Mallisena's Syādvādamañjari and Vādirājasūris Pramāṇanirnaya attained noteworthy position in Indian logic.
* Hastimalla produced several types of dramas with the royal support of Pāņdya King in this century. He was a Digambara householder. He wrote Adipurāņa and Śrīpurāņa in Kannada language. Rāmabhadra, Vijayapāla, Yaśaḥpāla and Meghaprabhācārya are other Skt. dramatists of this century.
* Apa. literature of this century is mostly biographical. Sandhis, Rāsas and Fāgas are ample and their language is designated as old Gujarātī and Rājasthanī.

Page #13

************************************************************************************************************
that all of them are Digambaras. Hastimalla contributed a lot to the 13th century. Jaina-Skt. literature and it is noteworthy * In short, we may conclude that Amrtacandra, Asādhara, Mallişeņa, Vādirāja and
writings in modern Indian regional languages. * Though JM. and Apa. works exhibit declining tendencies, Jaina writers have started their

Page #14

Jaina-Literature : 14th Century
LG WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
JŚ.
Sruta (Muni)
Jain Literature : 14h Century Asrava tribhangi Bhāva-tribhangi
Philosophy Philosophy
JM.
Anonymous Bhāvadeva-sūri Gunaratna-sūri Jayasekhara-sūri Jayavallabha Jinaprabha-sūri
Kulamaņdana Munibhadra Nayacandra Ratnasekhara-sūri
Malaya-sundari-kathā Jai-sāmāyāri Avacūri on Navya Karma-grantha Uvaesa-cintamani Vajjālagga Dāņa-vihi Posaha-vihi-payarana Vaddhamāņa-vijjā-kappa Vidhi-mārga-prapā Vrtti on Nava-tatta-payarana Santinātha-carita Rambha-mañjari Dina-suddhi Sirivāla-kahā Laghu-kşetra-samāsa Vyavahāra-suddhi-prakāśa Saddha-vihi Samboha-sattari Bștkşetra-samāsa Vrtti on Silovaesa-mālā (sila-tarangini) Sattari sayatthāna payaraņa
Narratives Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Philosophy (Karma) (Comm.) Didactics Anthology Ritualistics Ritualistics Ritualistics Ritualistics Philosophy (Comm.) (Prakarana) Biography (Carita) Prakrit Drama (Sattaka) Astronomy Biography (Carita) Cosmolgy (Karaṇānuyoga) Ethics Ethics (Householders' Conduct) Religious Conduct Cosmolgy (Karaṇānuyoga)
stronomy
Somatilaka-sūri Somatilaka-sūri (Rudrapalliya-gaccha) Somatilaka sūri (Tapā-gaccha) Thakkura-pheru
Yuga-pradhāna Caupāi Bhū-gabbha-payāsa Davva-parikkhā (Nāņaka-śästra) Dhātūtpatti Ganitasara-kaumudi Joisa-sāra Rayaņa-parikkha Vatthu-sāra
Didactics (Comm.) Poctical Composition
(Prakaraṇa) Narratives Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical Scientific & Technical
Skt.
Ajitaprabha Arhaddāsa
Bhadragupta Bhāvadeva-sūri
Bhāvanā-sāra Munisuvrata-kāvya (with self-comm.) Purudeva-campū Dhanya-śāli-caritra Pārsvanātha-carita Kālikācārya-katha Kāvyālankāra-sára Tīkā on Sattari-sayatthāna-payarana
Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Narratives Poetics Poetical Composition
(Prakaraña) Lexicon Lexicon
Devavijaya
Dharasena
Ekākṣari-nānārtha-kānda Visvalocana-kosa

Page #15

Jaina-Literature : 14th Century
WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
Skt.
Gunasundara-sūri Jayasekhara-sūri
Jayasekhara-sūri
Jayānanda
Bhaktāmara-kathā Dhammila-carita Jambūsvāmi-carita Avacūri on Uavaesa-mālā Dharma-sarvasvādhikāra Prabodha-cintamani Jain-kumāra-sambhava-mahākāvya Ātmabodha-kulaka Dhanya-kumāra-carita Kālakācārya-kathā Sthūlabhadra-carita Siloñcha-kośa śāntinātha-stavana Śrenika-carita Ajitaśānti-stavana Siddhānlāgama-slava Vividha-tirtha-kalpa Suri-mantra-bphatkalpa-vivarana Nābhinandanoddhāra-prabandha Satruñjaya-mahātirthoddhāra- prabandha Pundarika-carita
Narratives Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Didactics (Comm.) Didactics Didactics Epic Poetical Composition (Kulaka) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Lexicon Euology (Stotra) Epic Eulogy (Stotra) Eulogy (Slutra) Legendary History Ritualistics Legendary History Legendary History Biography (Carita)
Jinadeva (Muni) Jinapadma Jinaprabha-sūri
Kakka-sūri
Kamalaprabhasuri Mahādevārya & Pārsvacandra Mahendra-sūri
Scientific & Technical
Māņikya-sūri
Māņikyasekhara-sūri
Merutunga
Sangīta-samayasāra Yantra-rāja with comm. by Malayendu-sūri Yasodhara-carita Nalāyana Mahakāvya Avasyaka-niryukti (dipikā) Ācāra (dīpikā) Daśavaikālika-niryukti (dipikā) Ogha-niryukti (dīpikā) Pinda-niryukti (dīpikā) Uttaradhyayana dīpikā) Prabandha-cintamani Mahāpurāņa-carita Kāmadeva-carita Vrtti on Uvaesa-cintamani Bālabodha-vyākarana Dhặtu-pārāyana Tīkā un Kālantra-vyākaraa Şaddarśana-nirnaya Nābhāka-nrpa-kathā Tīkā on Saptatika Jaina-meghadūta Sūri-mantra-sāroddhāra Sāntinātha-carita Jayānanda-kevali-carita Uapadeśa-ratnākara
Merutunga-sūri
Astronomy Biography (Carita) Epic Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Canonical Comm. (Sve.) Legendary History Legendary History Biography (Carita) Didactics (Comm.) Grammar Grammar Grammar (Cumun.) Logic (Nyāya) Narratives Philosophy (Karma) (Comm.) Poetry Ritualistics Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Didactics
Munibhadra-sūri Munisundara-sūri

Page #16

Jaina-Literature : 14th Century
LG
WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
Munisundara-sūri Stotra-ratna-kosa
Eulogy (Stotra) Gurvāvali / Tridaśa-tarangini
Legendary History Mitra-catuska-katha
Narratives Adhyātma-kalpa-druma
Philosophy (Spiritual) Nāgadeva Madana-parājaya
Allegoric Samyaktva-kaumudi
Collection of Narratives Nayacandra Hammira-mahākāvya
Epic Rājasekhara Antarkathā-samgraha
Collection of Narratives Prabandha-kosa
Legendary History Nyāya-kandali-pañjikā
Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.) Ratnávatārikā-pañjikā
Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.) Svadvāda-dipika
Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.) Syādvāda-kalikā
Logic (Nyāya) (Comm.) Şaddarśana-samuccaya
Philosophy Ratnadeva-gani Tīkä on Vajjālagga
Anthology (Comm.) Ratnanandi Bhadrabāhu-carita
Biography (Carita) Ratnasekhara-sūri Karpūra-kathā-mahodachi
Collection of Narratives Acāra-pradīpa
Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Guru-guna-saţtrimśikā
Ethics (Monastic Conduct) Nava-graha-garbhita-pārsva-stavana (Anekārthika)
Eulogy (Stotra) Chandaha-kosa
Metrics Guņasthāna-kramāroha
Philosophy (Spiritual) Sāntisūri Malaya-sundari-caritra
Biography (Carita) Sanghatilaka-sūri Tīkā on Darisana-suddhi (Tattva-kaumudi) Didactics (Comm.) Somatilaka Sarvajna-stotra
Eulogy (Stotra) Somasundara-gaņi Sāmācāri-sataka
Religious Conduct Sudhākalasa-gani Ekākşara-nāma-mālā
Lexicon Sangītopanişat (with self-comm.)
Scientific & Technical Sangitopanişat-saroddhāra
Scientific & Technical Taporatna & Gunaratna Tīkā on Satthi-saya
Didactics (Comm.) Vardhamāna (Bhattāraka) | Varānga-carita
Biography (Carita) Vägbhata (Mahākavi) Chandonusāsana
Metrics Kāvyānu-sāsana (with self-comm.) Poetics
(Alankāra-tilaka) Vikrama
Nemidūta (Samasya-purti of Meghadüta) Poetry Vinayaprabha (Upadhyāyal Naravarma-caritra
Biography (Carita) Yaśaścandra Mudrita-kumuda-candra
Drama Yogirāja Panditācārya Gīta-vītarāga-prabandha
(Jayadeva Gitagovinda-kavya Anukarana) Poetry
Apa.
Dhanapāla Jinaprabha-sūri
Bāhubalicariu Ņāņa-ppayāsa (MS.) Dhammādhamma-viyāra (MS.) Sāvaga-vihi Moharāja-vijaya Aņāhi-sandhi Cauranga-bhāvana-sandhi
Biography (Carita) Didactics Didactics Ethics (Householders' Conduct) Religious Poetry Poetical Composition(Sandhi) Poetical Composition(Sandhi)

Page #17

Jaina-Literature : 14th Century
LG
WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
Apa.
Jinaprabha-sūri
Jivāņusatthi-sandhi Mayaņarehā-sandhi Nammaya-sundari-sandhi
Poetical Composition(Sandhi) Poetical Composition(Sandhi) Poetical Composition(Sandhi)

Page #18

Observations on 14th century - Jaina-Literature
* Language-wise position of the Jaina works in 14th century is almost the same as that of 13th century.
* JŚ, work is single, JM. works are reasonably good, Skt. works are ample and Apa. works are mostly Sandhis, Rāsas and Fāgas.
* Jinaprabhasūri was the most influential Ācārya of Kharatar Gaccha. He was in close connection with the mughal emperor Muhammad Taghlaq. It is noted in the legendary accounts of Jinaprabha that he exhibited his occult yogic powers time to time and become successful in influencing the emperor. He kept the Jaina samgha intact and gave inspiration to build Jain temples. After having undertaken a long religious tour, he wrote the famous book Vividhatīrthakalpa, the best contemporary tourist guide for Jaina pilgrims. He was very much keen to establish new rites and rituals in Jaina religion. His work Vidhimārgaprapā is the outcome of his efforts in Ritualistics. Jinaprabha possessed equal mastery over JM., Skt. and Apabluariisa.
* It will not be an exaggeration if we call this century as 'a century of legendary histories (Prabandhas)'. Rājasekhara, Merutunga, Prabhācandra and Kakkasūri composed various Prabandhas. They are actually a mixture of legends and historical facts interwoven and presented in beautiful literary manner.
* Jayavallabha's Vajjālagga with Ratnadeva's commentary is a unique anthology of Prakrit Subhāșitas. Though Hāla's Gāthāsaptaśati is very much renowned in the history of Indian literature, Vajjālagga possesses it's own peculiarities. This anthology is carefully arranged by the author with subject-wise division.
* Following the footsteps of Rājasekhara's Karpūramañjari (10th cen. A.D.) Nayacandra wrote the Sattaka, viz. Rambhāmañjarī. Nayacandra was a converted Jaina but the Jaina elements are almost absent in his work. It is very curious that we find a beautiful literary piece of contemporary Marathi in Rambhāmañjari. Nayacandra's another noteworthy work is Hammīramahākāvya.
* Ratnasekharasūri wrote in JM. as well as in Sanskrit. His works are dedicated to ethics, Karaṇānuyoga, narratives, Caritas and eulogies.
* Thakkura Pheru a Svetāmbara Jaina householder was the treasurer of Allauddina Khilji and wrote small treatises in JM. on various technical subjects like metallurgy, numismatic, mathematics, gemology, architecture and astrology. Very few works of this type are found in Jaina literature. Therefore Thakkura Pheru's position is unique.
* Samgītasamayasāra and Samgitopanișat are probably the only works available so far written by Jaina authors which are dedicated to music.

Page #19

* Though canonical commentaries of reputed commentators were available, Māņikyasekharasūri might have felt it necessary to write Skt. Dīpikās on Ācārānga and Mūlasūtras.
* Rājasekhara, the author of Prabandhakosa, produced a huge commentarial literature on logic.
* Mahākavi Vāgbhata's works on metrics and poetics are noted honourably in the history of Skt. poetics.
* Vikrama presented Samasyāpūrti of Meghadūta in his Nemidūta. Merutungasūri composed Jaina-meghadūta. Yogirāja Panditācārya imitated Jayadeva's Gītagovinda. In this century a wave of imitative literature is seen.
* In short, we can say that Śvetāmbara writers are more active in 14th century. 'Prabandha form' seems to be very popular and unique in this century. Thakkura Pheru's JM. works dedicated to technical subjects are admirable which provide contemporary data on the technical sciences. Works on logic lack in originality. The focus of Jaina literary activities is more on poetics, grammar, dramas and didactic narratives. Philosophical and doctrinal works are very few.
***************************************************************************************************************

Page #20

Jaina-Literature : 15th Century
LG
WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
JŚ. JŚ.
Swami Kārttikeya | Kārttikeyā nupreksā Jinacandra
Siddhānta-sāra
दर्शन (Philosophy) Philosophy
JM.
Brahmasādhāraņa Jinaharşa-gaņi Kșemarāja Subhavardhana-gaņi
Vaya-kahā Rayana-sehari-kaha Uvaesa-sattari Dasa-śrāvaka-carita Vaddhamāņa-desaņā Katha-mahodadhi
Narratives Biography (Carita Didactics Collection of Narratives Collection of Narratives Collection of Narratives
Somacandra
Skt.
Amarasundara-sūri Anonymous Bhāvacandra-sūri Căritraratna-gani Caritrasundara-gaņi
Caritravardhana-gani
Dayāvardhana-gani Dayāvardhana-sūri Devamurti Dhanada
Ambada-carita Bhadrabāhu-samhita Santinātha-carita Dāna-pradīpa Kumārapala-carita Mahīpāla-carita Acāropadeśa Siladūta (Samasyā-pūrti of Meghadūta) Sūktimuktāvali (MS.) Tīkā on Kumāra-sambhava (MS.) Tīkā on Meghadūta (MS.) Tīkā on Naişadha (MS.) Tīkā on Raghuvamsa (MS.) Tīkā on Sisupala-vadha Ratnasekhara-ratnavati-kathā/Parvavicāra Dhanya-sali-caritra Vikrama-carita Vairāgya-dhanada/Vairāgya-sataka Nīti-dhanada / Nīti-sataka Śpngāra-sataka Kumārapāla-carita Nyāya-dīpikā Srāvakācāra Samyaktva-Kaumudi Vidyāsāgara-śreşthi-kathā Vịtti on Samboha-sattari Jivanadhara-campū Srīpāla-kathā Tīkā on Arambha-siddhi (Sudhi-spngāra) Balinarendra-kathānaka Malaya-sundari-carita Nyāya-sāra-dīpikā Pratikramaņa-vidhi Ārāmasobhā-caritra Vastupāla-carita Samyaktva-kaumudi Vimsati-sthānaka-vicātāmita-sangraha Dhanya-śāli-carita (Dāna-kalpa-druma)
Biography (Carita) Astronomy Biography (Carita) Didactics Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Didactics Poetry Anthology Epic (Comm.) Epic (Comm.) Epic (Comm.) Epic (Comm.) Epic (Comm.) Narratives Biography (Carita) Epic Didactics Ethics Poetics Biography (Carita) Logic (Nyāya) Ethics (Householders' Conduct) Collection of Narratives Narratives Didactics (Comm.) Campūkāvya Biography (Carita) Astronomy (Comm.) Narratives Biography (Carita) Logic (Nyāya) Religious Conduct Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Collection of Narratives Religious Conduct Biography (Carita)
Dhanaratna Dharmabhūşana Gunabhūşaņa Guņākara-sūri
Guņavinaya Haricandra Hemacandra-sūri Hemahamsa-gani Indrahamsa-gani Jayatilaka-suri Jayasimha-sūri
Jinaharşa-gani
Jinakirti

Page #21

Jaina-Literature : 15th Century
LG
WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
Skt.
Jinakirti
Śrāddha-guna-samgraha Namaskāra-stava Panca-jina-stava Campaka-śreşthi-kathā Śrīpāla-gopāla-kathā Uttama-kumāra-kathā Tīkā on Sräddha-guna-sangraha
Jinamandana-gani
Jinapala Jinasundara Jinasāgara Jinasāgara-sūri
Kirttirāja (Upadhyāya) Kşemankara-gaņi Kșemarāja Labdhisāgara Mallibhūşaņa Mandana
Kumārapāla-prabandha Dharma-pariksā Tīkā on Uvaesa-rasāyana Dīpālikā-kalpa Tīkā on Karpūra-prakara Ratnacūda-kathā Vimalanātha-carita Neminātha-mahakāvya Simhasana-dva-trimsikā Upadeśa-saptatikā Přthvicandra-carita Samyaktva-kaumudi Campū-mandana Sarasvata-mandana Upasarga-mandana Kādambari-mandna Alankāra-mandana Kavikalpa-druma Samgīta-mandana (MS.) Candra-vijaya Kavya-mandana Sạngāra-mandana Mahīpāla-caritra Śrīdhara-carita-mahākāvya Sukarāja-kathā
Ethics (Householders' Conduct) Eulogy (Stotra) Eulogy (Stotra) Narratives Narratives Narratives Ethics (Householders' Conduct)
(Comm.) Legendary History Secular (Satirical) Didactics (Comm.) Ritualistics Narratives (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Epic Collection of Narratives Didactics Biography (Carita) Collection of Narratives Campūkāvya Grammar Grammar Narratives Poetics Poetics Scientific & Technical Secular (Satirical) Secular (Satirical) Secular (Satirical) Biography (Carita) Epic Narratives
Māņikyasundara
Māņikyasundara (Añcala-gaccha, Merutunga-sisyal Mānatunga-suri Munisoma Padmamandira-gaņi Prabhācandra Ratnamandana-gaņi
Dharmadatta-kathānaka Mani-kalpa Ranasimha-nrpa-kathā Kathārņava Tīkā on Atmānusāsana Sukặta-sagara Upadeśa-tarangini Bhoja-prabandha Jhañjhaņa-prabandha Pethada-prabandha Prthvidhara-prabandha Citrasena-padmăvati-carita Bhoja-carita Tīkā on Şadāvasyaka
Narratives Scientific & Technical Narratives Collection of Narratives Didactics (Comm.) Didactics Didactics Legendary History Legendary History Legendary History Legendary History Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Religious Conduct (Comm.)
Rajavallabha (Pathaka)
Rajavallabha (Pathaka)

Page #22

Jaina-Literature : 15th Century
LG
WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
Skt.
Rāmacandra Śrutasagara
Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Collection of Narratives Eulogy (Stotra) (Comm.) Eulogy (Stotra)(Comm.) Eulogy (Stotra) (Comm.) Grammar Narratives Philosophy (Comm.) Philosophy (Comm.) Philosophy (Comm.)
Subhasila-gani
Sakalakirtti
Panca-danda-cchatra-kathā Srīpāla-carita Yasodhara-carita Vrata-katha-kosa Tīkā on Jina-sahasra-nāma Tīkā on Siddha-bhakti sīkā on Siddha-cakrāştaka Audārya-cintāmaņi Sugandha-dasamī-kathā Tikā on Jñārņava (Tattvatraya-prakāśikā) Vrtti on Tattvārtha-sūtra Tīkā on Sat-prābhsta Tīkā on Yaśastilaka-campü (Yaśastilaka-candrikā) Țikā on Mahābhiseka Salivāhana-caritra Vikrama-caritra Bharatādi-kathā Pancasati-prabodha-samgraha Prabhāvaka-katha Satruñjaya-kalpa-kathā Pañca-varga-samgraha-nama-mālā Punyasara-kathā Subhāşita-ratnávali / Subhāṣitāvali Dhanya-kumāra-carita Mallinātha-carita Pārsvanātha-carita Pradyumna-carita Sāntinātha-caritra Sudarsana-carita Sukumāla-carita Yasodhara-carita Adinātha-purāņa Harivasa-purāņa Vardhamāna-purāņa Sapta-vyasana-kathā Pșthvicandra-carita Śrīpāla-carita Tīkā on Vāgbhatālankāra Guru-guņa-ratnakara-kavya Upadeśa-saptatikā Yasodhara-carita Uttama-kumāra-carita Ratnapāla-katha Dharma-kalpa-druma Sudarsana-carita Saptabhangi-tarangini Pāsaņāha-cariu
Campūkāvya (Comm.) Ritualistics (Comm.) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Collection of Narratives Collection of Narratives Legendary History Legendary History Lexicon Narratives Anthology Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Mythology (Purāņa) Mythology (Purāņa) Mythology (Purāņa) Narratives Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Poetics Poetry Didactics Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Narratives Collection of Narratives Biography (Carita) Logic (Nyāya) Biography (Carita)
Satyarāja-gaņi
Simhadeva-gani Somacaritra-gaņi Somadharmagani Somakīrtti Somamandanagani
Udayadharmagani Vidyānandi (Bhattāraka) Vimaladása Aasavāla
Apa.

Page #23

Jaina-Literature : 15th Century
LG
WRITER
WORK
SUBJECT / FORM
Apa.
Bālacandra
Hemasāra Jayadeva (Muni) Jayamitrahalla Jayasekhara-sūri-sişya
Lakşmaņadeva Lakşmīcandra Raidhū
Ņiddaha-sattami-kahā Sugandha-dahami-kahā Uvaesa-sandhi Bhāvanā-sandhi Vaddhamāņa-kavvu Uvahāņa-sandhi Sīla-sandhi Nemiņāha-cariu Sāvaya-dhamma-doha Dhanna-kumāra-cariu Jinadatta-cariu Mehesara-cariu Sammaināha-cariu Sirivāla-cariu Sukosala-cariu Punnasava-kaha-kosu Balabhadra-purāna Anathami-kahā Dhamma-parikkha Harivamsa-purāņa Candappaha-cariu Harivaṁsa-purāņa Pandava-purāņa
Jiņaratti-vihāņa-kahā | Ravi-vvaya-kahā
Narratives Narratives Poetical Composition (Sandhi) Poetical Composition (Sandhi) Biography (Carita) Poetical Composition (Sandhi) Poetical Composition (Sandhi) Biography (Carita) Ethics (Householders' Conduct) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Biography (Carita) Collection of Narratives Mythology (Purāņa) Narratives Collection of Narratives Mythology (Purāņa) Biography (Carita) Mythology (Purāņa) Mythology (Purāņa) Narratives Narratives
Srutakirtti
Yasakirtti

Page #24

Observations on 15th century - Jaina-Literature
* We find the literature of 15th century in JS., JM., Skt. and Apabhramsa.
* Jinacandra's Siddhāntasāra is the single philosophical work written in Jaina Saurasenī. The title of the work is named after Kundakunda's works viz.. Samayasāra. Pravacanasāra etc. and it is quite evident that it is a Digambara work.
* JM. works are comparatively less in number in the perspective of 14th century. Most of them are Caritas and collections of didactic narratives.
* Maximum literary activity of this century pertains to Sanskrit. Variety of literary forms and subjects is remarkable.
* Caritas are found in JM., Skt. and Apabhramśa. These Caritas are dedicated to Tīrthañkaras, Pratyekabuddhas, eminent historical personalities, Jaina and non-Jaina kings as well as Jaina householders. The tradition of Yaśodharacarita is continued.
* The legendary histories (Prabandhas) are written on Pșthvīdhara, Pethada, Bhoja, Jhanjhaņa and Kumārapāla.
* The famous Skt. work Simhāsanadvātrimśikā was written in the 14th century by an anonymous writer in poetry form. The credit goes to the Jaina author Kșemankaragami to put this important work in Skt. prose form. Amarasundarasūri imitated the same style in his Ambadacarita.
* Three collections of didactic narratives by three different authors having the same title Samyaktvakaumudi are very peculiar of this century. We find other two Samyaktvakaumudis in the 16th century.
* Sakalakīrti produced ample literature but his works are mostly Caritas and Purāņas.
* Poet Mandana included his name in the title of each work. He was well-versed in grammar and poetics.
* Cāritravardhanagani acquired a good position in the history of Sanskrit literature due to his anthology Sūktimuktāvali and his important commentarial work on five famous classical Skt. epics viz. Kumārasambhava, Meghadūta, Naisadha, Raghuvamsa and Sīšupālavadha.
* The tradition of satirical work laid down by Haribhadra is continued in this century by Skt. Dharmaparīkņā and Apa. Dhammaparikkhā.
* The contribution of this century to logic is very meagre.

Page #25
* Sanskrit didactic works are ample in this century. * Works pertaining to Sravakacara are very few in this century. Subhavardhanagani presented Sravakacara through his Dasasravakacarita in Jaina Maharastri. Savayadhammadoha of Laksmicandra is the first work pertaining to Sravakacara in Apabhraisa. * The Vratakathas and Vratakathakosas are written mostly by Digambara authors of this century in Apabhraisa. * Srutasagara, a Digambara author mentions himself as 'Desayati'. He produced a vast literature which contains mostly commentarial and biographical works. * Small treatises pertaining to various ritualistic and ethical subjects are very peculiar of this century, viz. Danaprdipa, Danakalpadruma, Pratikramanavidhi and Saptavyasanakatha. * To sum up, we can say that Prathamanuyoga or Kathanuyoga literature is the speciality of this century. But one more thing is remarkable that Jaina author's attention was attracted towards non-Jaina classical Skt. literature. They produced a lot of imitative and commentarial works and very few works among them acquired important position in the history of Skt. literature. **************************************************************************************************** *********