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________________ bihArameM jainadharma DA0 upendra ThAkura, bodhagayA yaha ThIka hI kahA gayA hai ki jainadharma kabhI kisI saMkucita dRSTikA zikAra nahIM banA aura usakA dRSTikoNazabdake sahI arthameM udAra aura udAtta rahA hai / sAtha hI, jainiyoMne dezake kisI eka bhAga taka hI apane kAryakalApoMko sImita nahIM rakhA, prAyaH dezake pratyeka kone meM ve phaile hae haiN| unake aMtima tIrthakara yadi uttara bihAra (videha athavA mithilA) meM utpanna hue the, to unheM magadha (dakSiNa bihAra) meM nirvANa prApti huA, jo mukhyatayA unakA kArya-kSetra bhI rahA thaa| unake pahale pArzvanAtha yadyapi vArANasImeM utpanna hue the phira bhI tapasyA karane vaha magadhake sammeda zikhara (pArzvanAtha parvata) para hI aaye| unase bhI pUrvake tIrthakara neminAthane bhAratake pazcimI kSetra kAThiyAvAr3ako apanI tapasyA, upadeza evaM nirvANakA kSetra banAyA thaa| prathama tIrthaMkara AdinAthane ayodhyAmeM janma lekara bhI kailAza parvata para tapasyA kii| tAtparya yaha hai ki uttarameM himAlayase lekara pUrvameM magadha aura pazcimameM kAThiyAvAr3a taka ina jaina muniyoM evaM . AcAryoMkA kAryakSetra thA jo inakI nirantara sAdhanA evaM nirvANase digadigantameM mukhara ho cukA thA [1] bauddhoMkI bhAMti jainadharmake itihAsameM bhI bihArakI eka mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai| anya kSetroMkI apekSA bauddha dharma tathA jainadharmake vikAsa evaM pracArame bihArakA adhika yogadAna rahA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIrakA janma vaizAlImeM huA thA jahA~ unhoMne bAlyAvasthA tathA jIvanakA prArambhika samaya vyatIta kiyA thaa| isa taraha vaizAlIkI mahattA jainiyoMke lie vahI hai jo sAranAtha tathA anya bauddha sthAnoMko cIna, varmA tathA anya bauddha dezoMke lie hai| kintu, sabase duHkhada bAta to yaha hai ki brAhmaNa-granthoMmeM vaizAlI evaM usase sabhI kArya-kalApoMkI ghora upekSA kI gayI hai| 7 vIM sadImeM jaba hvenasAMgane isa bhUbhAgakI yAtrA kI to eka ora hiMdU devI-devatAoMke mandira mile, vahIM dUsarI ora adhikAMza bauddha-vihArake mAtra bhagnAvazeSa / kucha jaina maMdira avazya the jahA~ kAphI saMkhyAmeM nirgrantha muni vAsa kara rahe the| kintu, paTanA jilA-sthita pAvApurI (jahA~ mahAvIrako nirvANa prApta haA thA) tathA campApurI (bhAgalapura) kI bhA~ti jainiyoMkI dRSTimeM bhI isa sthAnakA vaha mahatva abhI hAla taka nahIM thA aura na hI isa bhUbhAga kisIne jaina avazeSoMkI khojakA prayAsa kiyaa| kucha varSa pUrva isa ora vidvAnoMkA dhyAna AkarSita huA hai jisake phalasvarUpa ekabAra naye sirese isake sambandhameM gaveSaNA-kArya prArambha hae haiN|' bhagavAn mahAvIrake pitA vaizAlIke nAgarika the aura mAtA videha athavA mithilAkI kanyA / mahAvIrake ojasvI vyaktitva evaM upadezoMke phalasvarUpa vaizAlI usa samaya jainamatakA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa kendra bana gayI thI jahA~ dezake kone-konese zramaNamani Akara sAdhanA karate the| bArahaveM tIrthakara vasupUjyako campApura (bhAgalapura) meM nirvANa prApta huA thA aura iksIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAthakA janma mithilAmeM hI huA thaa| svayaM mahAvIrane bhI vaizAlImeM bAraha tathA mithilAmeM 6 varSARtue~ bitAyI thiiN| 1. vistRta vivaraNake liye dekhiye, lekhakakI pustaka "sTaDIja ina jainijma eNDa buddhijma ina mithilA', adhyAya 3 / - 281 -
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________________ jaina granthoM evaM tatkAlIna anya sAkSyoMke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa hai ki aMga (bhAgalapura), magadha, bajji, licchavi kSetra (jisameM videha bhI sammilita thA) tathA kAzI-kozala sAmrAjya mahAvIra ke kArya-kSetra the jahA~ nirgrantha anuyAyI bhagavAnake upadezoMke pracAra-prasArameM lage the| bauddha-granthoMse jJAta hotA hai ki rAjagIra, nAlandA, vaizAlI, pAvApurI tathA sAvatthI (zrAvastI) meM hI mahAvIra tathA unake anuyAyiyoMkI dhArmika gatividhi adhikAMzataH sImita thI aura licchaviyoM tathA videha-nivAsiyoMkA eka bahata bar3A samUha unakA kaTTara anuyAyI bana cukA thaa| unake kucha samarthakoMkA to tatkAlIna samAjameM bahuta mahatvapUrNa sthAna thA jaise licchavi senAdhyakSa siha athavA siMha, saccaka AdikA / tAtparya yaha ki apane yugameM vaizAlI tathA videhameM samAjake sabhI vargoM-choTe athavA bar3e-para unakA adbhuta prabhAva thA jisake phalasvarUpa jaina 'Arya dezoM meM mithilA athavA videhakI bhI gaNanA hotI thii| isa prakAra bhAratIya saMskRtike u vaizAlI aura videhako dharma tathA darzanake kSetrameM paryApta khyAti prApta ho cukI thI aura vahA~ke dharmopadezaka bhagavAn manAvIra dvArA nirdezita dharma-mArga para calaneke phalasvarUpa bauddhadharmake abhyudayake pUrva hI samasta dezameM apanA eka vizeSa sthAna banA cuke the| adhikAMza vidvAnoMkA aisA mata hai ki bauddhadharmakI bhA~ti jaina mata bhI brAhmaNa dharmake viruddha pratikriyA evaM asaMtoSakA pariNAma thA, kintu tatkAlIna sAkSyoMkA anuzIlana karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sAmAnyata: brAhmaNa dArzanika jainiyoM athavA jainamatase utanI IrSyA nahIM rakhate the jitanI bauddhoMse / yaha sahI hai ki jainadharma tathA darzanakA jo vartamAna svarUpa hai usake sraSTA evaM pravartaka bhagavAn mahAvIra the, kintu yaha mata unake abhyudayake pUrva bhI maujUda thA aura unase pahale 23 tIrthakara ho cuke the| brAhmaNa dArzanika ina tIrthaMkaroMke upadezoMse paricita the aura bahadhA ApasameM una logoMmeM vicAroMkA AdAna-pradAna bhI hotA rahatA thaa| isaliye, zabdake vAstavika arthameM yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jainamata brAhmaNa dharmake viruddha eka vidrohake rUpameM puSpita evaM pallavita huaa| jainamatakA bIjAropaNa to bahuta pahale hI ho cukA thA, kintu mahAvIrake abhyudayake bAda isakA paryApta vikAsa haa| yaha sahI hai ki brAhmaNa dArzanikoMne jaina siddhAntoMkI AlocanA kI kintu usa ugratA evaM kaTatAse nahIM jo unake dvArA kI gayI bauddhamatakI AlocanAmeM lakSita hotI hai| sAtha hI mahAvIrane bhI vedoMkI sattAkI AlocanA avazya kI thI kintu usa rUpameM nahIM jisa taraha buddhane kI thii| tAtparya yaha hai ki bauddhoMne dharmake nAma para jo AkrAmaka nIti apanAyI thI, jainI usase alaga rahe / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki 'trivarNa'-brAhmaNa, kSatriya tathA vezyako mAnyatA pradAna kara mahAvIrane aparokSa rUpase samAjameM paramparAgata jAti-vyavasthAko svIkAra kara brAhmaNa dArzanikoMkI vAgdhArAko kuMThita kara diyA thaa| mahAvIra evaM buddhake samaya samasta uttara bhAratameM eka hI tarahakI Athika-dhArmika sthiti thii| jAti-vyavasthA evaM tajjanya kurItiyoMse tatkAlIna samAjagrasta thaa| parIhitavAda samAjake DhA~ceko khokhalA kiye jA rahA thaa| apaneko 'bhadeva' kahane vAle brAhmaNa parohita dharmake nAma para samAjake nirdhana vargako tabAha kiye haye the| dharmake kSetrameM kurItiyA~ isa hada taka baDha gayI thIM ki janaka tathA yAjJavalkya-jaise RSiyoMko bhI isake viruddha AvAja uThAnI par3I jo upaniSada granthoMse spaSTa hai| samAjake adhikAMza varga isase trANa pAneke liye kisI naye mArgakI pratIkSA kara rahe the aura ThIka aise hI samaya mAnavatAkI do 1. vinayapiTaka / 2. majjhimanikAya / - 282 -
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________________ amara vibhUtiyoM - mahAvIra aura buddha - kA bhAratIya raMgamaMca para AvirbhAva huA, aura yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki purohitavAdase trasta janasAdhAraNa inakI ora AkarSita hoM aura inake batAye mArgoM para utsAhapUrvaka caleM / isa maukese lAbha uThAkara mahAvIrane kucha saMzodhanoMke sAtha pArzvake dharmako logoMke samakSa rakhA jo alpakAlameM hI apane 'samAnatA evaM ahiMsA ke siddhAntoM ke kAraNa kAphI lokapriya ho calA / unake upadeza itane prabhAvotpAdaka the ki brAhmaNoMkA eka varga bhI pravrajita hokara unakA anuyAyI bana gayA / ina brAhmaNoM meM adhikAMzataH buddhijIvI the jinake athaka prayAsase yaha aura bhI Age bddh'aa| mahAvIrakI dRSTimeM brAhmaNa ho athavA zUdra zreSTha ho athavA nIca - sabhI barAbara the / vaha brAhmaNako 'janmanA' nahIM, 'karmaNA' mAnyatA dete the aura unake anusAra samAja ke sabase nimna varga meM janma lekara bhI eka cAMDAla apanI yogyatAse samAja meM sarvocca sthAna prApta kara sakatA thaa| brAhmaNadharmakI bhA~ti hI jaina mata AtmAke sthAnAntaraNa evaM punarjanmake ananta cakroMse mukti pAneke siddhAntoM meM vizvAsa karatA hai / ' kintu isakI prApti ke lie brAhmaNoM dvArA batAye gaye mArgoMko vaha nahIM maantaa| isakA lakSya nirvANaprApti hai, na ki sArvabhauma AtmAse tAdAtmya sthApita karanA / donoMmeM antara bahuta kama hai jo jAtigata vibhedake kAraNa hai / mahAvIrane na to unakA virodha kiyA aura na hI unakI sabhI vastuoMko mAnA / unake anusAra yadyapi pUrva janmake kRtyoMse hI manuSyakA punarjanma - U~cI athavA nIcI jAti-nirdhArita hotI hai, phira bhI isa janmameM pavitra evaM dhArmika AcaraNa dvArA koI bhI vyakti nirvANa athavA mokSake ucca zikhara taka pahu~ca sakatA hai / tAtparya yaha ki tIrthaMkara mahAvIrake lie jAtikA koI mahattva nahIM thA, vaha to cAMDAla meM bhI devAtmAko khojate the / [ ] saMsAra meM sabhI duHkha aura vipattise ghire haiM, unase muktikI kataI sambhAvanA nahIM / isIlie unhoMne samasta prANiyoM ke utthAnakA mArga batAyA / jAti vyavasthA to mAtra paristhitigata hai aura koI bhI dhArmika puruSa ucita mArga para calakara ina bandhanoMko AsAnIse tor3a sakatA hai / mukti kisI varga vizeSa athavA jAti - vizeSakI dharohara nahIM hai| mahAvIrane manuSya aura manuSya tathA nara aura nArIke bIca jarA bhI antara nahIM mAnA / jainiyoMkA aisA vizvAsa rahA hai ki 'jina' kSatriya varga athavA kisI udAtta parivAra meM hI paidA hote haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM, mahAvIrane yuga-yugAntarase calI A rahI jAti-vyavasthA para parokSa rUpase prahAra kara bhI aparokSa rUpase use mAnyatA dI jisake phalasvarUpa brAhmaNa dArzanikoMse unakI aisI bhir3anta nahIM huI jo bauddha dArzanikoMse aura yahI kAraNa hai ki jainamata Aja bhI apane pUrva rUpameM jIvita hai jabaki hindUdarzanane 12vIM sadI taka Ate-Ate bauddhamatako pUrNatayA AtmasAta kara liyA / yaha ullekhanIya hai ki jainadharmakI rakSA bahuta kucha jainiyoMke anuzAsita jIvana evaM siddhAntoMkA tatparatApUrvaka pAlanake kAraNa huI / IsAse tIna sau varSa pUrva bhadrabAhuke samaya jainasaMghameM jo vibhAjana huA, usake bAdase lekara aba taka unake prAyaH sabhI mUla siddhAnta aparivartita rahe aura Aja bhI jaina sampadAya ke anuyAyiyoM kA dhArmika jIvana do hajAra varSa pUrva jaisA hI hai| kisI bhI prakArakA parivartana svIkAra na karanA jainiyoMkI eka khAsa vizeSatA rahI hai / bahutase tUphAna Aye aura gujara gaye lekina yaha vizAla vaTavRkSa apane sthAna para aDiga rhaa| mahAvIra eka advitIya vyaktitva the jo manuSyakI AtmapUrNatAke lakSya para 1. sekeDa buksa Apha dI TrasTa, bhAga 32, pR0 213 / 2. bI0 sI0 laoN0, mahAvIra, pR0 44 / - 283 -
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________________ vizeSa jora dete the| unhoMne kabhI bhI vaisI bAtoMkA upadeza nahIM diyA jina para unhoMne svayaM vyavahAra nahIM kiyA ho| apanI antarAtmAkI jyotise dUsaroMke hRdayameM jyoti jagAnA hI unakA lakSya thA / abhUtapUrva sahiSNutA, sarvasva tyAga, kSamAzIlatA, mAnavatA, saMvedanazIlatA, pIr3A aura tyAga, prema aura dayAke mAno vaha jIvita pratIka the / 'kaivalya' kI prAptike pazcAt vaha eka ciraMtana sArvabhauma vyaktitvake rUpameM mAnavatAke samakSa Aye-vaha vyaktitva jo vizva mAnavatA para sadAke lie apanI amara chApa chor3a jAtA hai| uccatama jIvanakA mUlabhUta siddhAnta ahiMsA hai jisakA vyAvahArika rUpa unhoMne apane ziSyoM evaM anuyAyiyoMke samakSa rkhaa| manuSya ho athavA jIva-jantu sabake prati prema aura ahiMsAkI bhAvanA Avazyaka hai baDI ho athavA choTo-manaSyako nIce girAtI hai aura usase jIvanakI sArthakatA naSTa ho jAtI hai| naitikatA, nirvANa athavA mukti, kriyAvAda (karmakA siddhAnta) tathA syAvAda jainamatake kucha aise mUlabhUta siddhAnta haiM jo sArvabhauma evaM sArvajanIna haiM aura inake abhAvameM mAnavatA kabhI nahIM panapa sakatI hai| yaha ThIka hai ki bauddha matakI bhA~ti jainamata dezake bAhara lokapriya nahIM ho sakA, kintu isake sAhitya, darzana, sthApatya kalA, citra-kalA tathA mUrtikalA bhAratakI aisI dharohara haiM jo sadA-sarvadA vizvamAnavakA dhyAna apanI ora AkarSita karatI rheNgii| bhAratIya darzanako jaina dArzanikoM evaM naiyAyiyoMkI dena kisIse kama nhiiN| yaha ThIka hai ki kisI azoka athavA harSa jaise samrATa kA saMrakSaNa isa dharmako prApta nahIM ho sakA, phira bhI kAzI, magadha, vaizAlI, aMga, avanti, malla, zuGga, zaka-kuSANa tathA kucha gupta zAsakoMkA prazraya ise avazya milA jo inakI pragatimeM kAphI sahAyaka huaa| rAjakIya saMrakSaNake abhAvakI pUtti usa yugake kucha mUrdhanya jaina dArzanikoM dvArA huI, jisameM siddhasena divAkara (533 I0 : jaina nyAyake pravartaka), samantabhadra (600 I0), alaMkadeva (750 I0), pATaliputrake vidyAnanda (800 I0), prabhAcandra (825 I0), mallavAdina (827 I0), abhayadevasUri (1000 I0), devasUri, candraprabha sUri (1102 I0), hemacandra sUri (1088-1172 I0), Ananda sUri tathA amaracandra sUri (1193-1150 I0), haribhadra sUri (1168 I0), mallisena sUri (1292 I0) Adike nAma vizeSa rUpase ullekhanIya haiN| inameMse adhikAMza magadha athavA bihArake the jinhoMne apanI amara kRtiyoM se jaina sAhitya evaM darzanakI sabhI zAkhAoMko puSpita evaM pallavita kiyA aura bauddha naiyAyika jaise diGnAga evaM dharmakIrti tathA akSapAda, udyotakara, vAcaspati aura udayana jaise durddharSa maithila dArzanikoM aura manISiyoMke tarkokA khaNDana kara jainamatako pratipAdita kiyaa| usa samaya bauddha, jaina tathA maithila dArzanikoMke bIca aksara zAstrArtha evaM eka dUsareke matoMkA khaNDana-maNDana huA karatA thA, kintu yaha vivAda bauddha evaM hindU naiyAyikoMke bIca jitanA ugra huA karatA thA, utanA hindU aura jaina manISiyoMke boca nhiiN| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki zramaNamuni (jaina) tathA vaidika RSi bhAratIya itihAsake prArambhase hI sAtha-sAtha cintanamanana karate A rahe the aura jana sAdhAraNameM unakA eka-sA sammAna thA, yadyapi unake AdarzoM evaM mArgoM meM kAphI antara thaa| kabhI-kabhI apane-apane AdarzokI rakSAke lie unake bIca bhI kaTu vivAda huA karate the, phira bhI ye RSi aura muni sAmAnya janoMkI dRSTimeM itane sammAnita the ki dhIre-dhIre inake bIca koI bhI sAmpradAyika antara nahIM raha pAyA aura kAlakramase ina zramaNoMne yaha bhI dAvA kiyA ki ve vAstavameM sacce brAhmaNa the| jo bhI ho, yaha to mAnanA par3egA ki ina dArzanikoMkA ApasI vivAda bhAratIya nyAya darzanake lie varadAna bana gyaa| 1. jarnala oNpha dI bihAra risarca sosAiTI, 1958, pR0 2, tathA buddha jayantI vizeSAMka, khaMDa 2 / 2. vahI, 1958, pR0 2-3 / - 284
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________________ [ 4 ] sAhityika sAkSya ke atirikta bihAra meM janamata ke sambandha meM hameM purAtAtvika sAkSyoM -- jaise jaina kalA tathA sthApatya jisake avazeSa samasta uttara bhAratameM Aja bhI pAye jAte haiM--se bhI paryApta sahAyatA milatI hai / vAstava meM bhAratIya kalAko jainiyoMkI dena kisIse kama nahIM hai / sthApatyakalAke kSetrameM jaina kalAkAroMne jo pUrNatA prApta kI, usakA dRSTAnta anyatra kahIM bhI milanA kaThina hai / yadyapi bihAra meM jaina kalAke bahuta se avazeSa prApta haiM, phira bhI yaha bar3e khedakI bAta hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrakI janmabhUmi vaizAlI meM koI aisA avazeSa nahIM milatA jo jaina saMghase sambandhita ho / hA~, jaina sAhitya meM vaizAlI tathA usake pArzvavartI kSetroM meM tatkAlIna jaina mandiroMke kaI ullekha milate haiM / 'uvAsagadasAo" meM aisA kahA gayA hai ki jJAtrikoMne apanI nivAsa - bhUmi kollAgake nikaTa eka jaina mandirakA nirmANa karavAyA thA jo 'duipalAsa ciya' (caitya ) ke nAmase vikhyAta thA / bauddha paramparAkI bhA~ti hI jainiyoMmeM bhI apane tIrthaMkaroMkI samAdhike Upara stUpanirmANakI paramparA thI aura vaizAlImeM jaina muni suvratakI samAdhi para usa prakArake eka stUpakA varNana milatA hai / isI prakArake eka dUsare stUpakA ullekha mathurAmeM milatA hai jo jaina muni supArzvanAtha kI samAdhi para nirmita huA thA / vaizAlIke stUpakI carcA ' AvazyakacUrNi ' 3 meM kI gayI hai jisameM isa prakAra ke kaI prasaMga Aye haiM / abhI hAla meM kauzAmbI tathA vaizAlImeM jo utkhanana hue haiM unameM vibhinna raMgoM evaM 'citrita uttarI kRSNa mRdbhANDa' (ena0 bI0 pI0 veyara) ke kaI namUne mile haiM, jisase yaha spaSTa hai ki isI zailIkA janma magadha meM hI huA thA / 'aupapAtika sUtra' meM 'vampA nagarake uttara-pUrva sthita AmrazAlavana meM jisa pUrNabhadra caityakA ullekha milatA hai vaha atyanta prAcIna tathA apane DhaMgakA nirAlA thA jisake varNanase jaina kalAkAroMkI sthApatya kalA sambandhI dakSatA para pUrNa prakAza par3atA hai| abhI hAla meM vaizAlI meM bhagavAn mahAvIrakI eka pAlakAlI mUrti milI hai jo vaizAlI gar3hake pazcima sthita eka mandira meM pratiSThApita hai jahA~ bhAratake konekonese jainI zraddhAvanata ho apane 'jainendra' kI pUjA karane bar3I saMkhyAmeM pratyeka varSa, vizeSakara bhagavAn mahAvIrakI jayantIke avasara para vahA~ jAte haiM / yaha sthAna eka pavitra jaina tIrtha sthala ho calA hai| begUsarAyakA jayamaMgalagar3ha bhI jainiyoMkA eka prAcIna sthAna mAnA jAtA hai, yadyapi isakI puSTimeM abhI taka koI Thosa purAtAtvika sAkSya prApta nahIM ho sakA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki maurya zAsaka sampratine bahutase jaina maMdiroMkA nirmANa karavAyA thA, kintu kheda hai ki abhI taka usake koI bhI avazeSa prApta nahIM ho sake haiM / aMgadeza (Adhunika bhAgalapura ) kA maMdAra parvata jainiyoMkA eka pavitra sthAna mAnA jAtA hai, kAraNa yahIM para bArahaveM tIrthaMkara vasupUjyanAthane nirvANa prApta kiyA thA / isa parvatakA zikhara atyanya pavitra mAnA jAtA hai aura logoM kA aisA vizvAsa hai ki yaha bhavana zrAvakoMke liye nirmita kiyA gayA thA jisake eka prakoSTha meM Aja bhI eka 'caraNa' rakhA huA hai / yahA~ para kucha aura jaina avazeSa mile haiM / bhAgalapurake nikaTa karNagar3ha meM bhI jainadharmase sambandhita avazeSa mile haiM aura yahA~ke prAcIna durgake uttara eka jaina vihArakA bhI ullekha milatA hai / dakSiNa bihAra kI apekSA uttara bihAra (mithilA) meM jaina purAtAtvika avazeSa, jinakA varNana Upara kiyA jA cukA hai, bahuta kama milate haiM / kintu yadi vibhinna aitihAsika sthaloM para utkhanana kiye jAyeM to 1. guerinota, la rilijana jaina, pR0 279 / 2. hoernale, bhAga 1, pR0 2 / 3. jinadAsa kRta 'AvazyakacUrNa' (676 I0), pR0 223-27, 567 / - 285 -
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________________ usa bhUbhAgameM bhI aneka jaina sthala mileMge, isameM jarA bhI sandeha nhiiN| madhya bhArata, uttara pradeza tathA bihArameM aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiM aura hajAroM kAMsya mUrtiyA~ pazcimI bhAratako sthAnIya kalAzailImeM milI haiM jinake adhyayanase jJAta hotA hai ki rAjasthAnakI bhA~ti hI bihAra tathA baMgAlameM bhI jainiyoMkI apanI utkRSTa kalA-zailI thii| uttara bihArake viparIta dakSiNa bihArameM jaina kalAke kucha utkRSTa namUne milate haiN| prasiddha kalAmarmajJa parsI brAunane yaha ThIka hI kahA hai ki jaina kalAkAroMne kucha vizeSa parvatoM ('Mountains of Immortality') kA cayana kara unake zikharoM para mandiroM tathA stupoMkA nirmANa kara unheM kalA jagata meM amara kara diyaa| ina parvatIya pradezoMko 'maMdira nagara' kahanA koI atyukti nahIM hogii| inameM se pratyeka maMdira athavA 'tIrtha' sadiyoMke zraddhApUrNa adhyavasAyake jIvita pratIka hai jo kisI bhI dRSTise vilakSaNa aura bejor3a kahe jA sakate haiM / cAhe pArzvanAtha parvatake maMdira hoM athavA rAjagIrake, ye apane Apa meM eka pavitra nagara haiM jo bhavanoMke dRzyako prathama dRSTimeM hI zraddhAse paripUrita kara dete haiM / zAhAbAda jile meM to 'dharmacakra' bhI pAye gaye haiN| ThIka yahI bAta hajArIbAgake kuluhA parvatake sAtha bhI hai / yahA~ jaina tIrthakara zItalanAthakA janma huA thA aura yahA~ digambara sampradAyakI kAphI mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| yahA~ para pattharoMko tarAza kara jo dasa digambarI mUrtiyA~ gar3hI gayI haiM unheM loga pA~co pAMDava tathA unake dAsoMkI mUrtiyA~ bhI mAnate haiM, jo tarkasaMgata nahIM aNctaa| isI prakAra choTA nAgapurakA mAnabhUmi jilA bhI kisI samaya jainadharmakA eka mahAna kendra thA / jaina purAtatvake jitane avazeSa yahA~ prApta hue haiM, saMbhavataH bhAratake kisI bhI sthAnameM abhI taka itane nahIM mile hai| prAcIna kAlameM baMgAla athavA bihArase ur3IsA jAneke liye mAnabhUma hokara hI logoMko jAnA par3atA thaa| ur3IsA-sthita khaMDagiri parvatakI guphAoMmeM jainiyoMke vilakSaNa purAtAtvika avazeSa mile haiM / ur3IsAkA prasiddha samrATa khAravela gayA-sthita barAbara pahAr3iyoM taka AyA thA aura mAnabhamake mAdhyamase hI bihAra aura ur3IsAke bIca usa samaya samparka sthApita thaa| mAnabhamase itanI pracara mAtrAmeM jaina avazeSoMkI prAptike pIche yaha bhI eka kAraNa ho sakatA hai| hvenasAMgake anusAra yahA~ke bArAbhuma paraganAke 'bar3A bAjAra' nAmaka sthAna taka bhagavAna mahAvIra bhramaNa karane Aye the| balarAmapura, borAma, caMdanakiArI, pakabIrA, budhapura, dArikA, carrA, dulmI, devalI, bhavAnIpura, anaI, kaTarAsagar3ha, cecagA~vagar3ha Adi choTApurake aneka sthAnoMmeM jaina avazeSa bhare par3e haiM jinakA jainadharmake itihAsameM apanA eka khAsa mahatva hai| ThIka isI prakAra gayA, zAhAbAda, bhAgalapura, paTanA, mujaphpharapura Adi sthAnoMmeM bhI jaina avazeSa pAye jAte haiM jinakI carcA Upara kI jA cukI hai aura jinakA samyaka adhyayana, bihArameM jainadharmake vAstavika svarUpa evaM usake pracAra-prasArako jAnaneke liye atyanta Avazyaka hai| isa dizAmeM abhI hAlameM DA0 rAjArAma jainane apane laghugrantha 'zramaNa sAhityameM varNita bihArakI kucha jaina tIrtha bhUmiyAM' dvArA stulya prayAsa kiyA hai| kintu yaha to vizAla sAgarameM mAtra eka bindukI bhA~ti hai| 1. parsI brAuna, 'iMDiyana ArkiTekcara' (dI Tempula sITIja Apha dI jains)| 2. vizeSa vivaraNake liye dekhiye, pI0sI0 rAyacaudharI, 'jainijma ina bihAra' / 3' gayA jilA bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500 vA~ nirvANa-mahotsava saMgoSThI saMcAlana samiti dvArA 1975 I0 ' meM prakAzita / 2. isa sambandhameM vizeSa vivaraNake liye dekhiye, hIrAlAla jaina-kRta 'bhAratIya saMskRtimeM jainadharmakA yogadAna / ' - 286 -
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________________ [5] isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki isa dharma kI AdhAra bhUmi utanI hI prAcIna hai jitanI vaidika paramparA, jisakA sabase bar3A pramANa RgvedameM ullikhita kezI jaise vAtArazA muniyoMkI sAdhanA hai jisase yaha spaSTa hai ki ve vaidika RSiyoMse to pRthak the, kintu zramaNa muniyoMse abhinna the| isake atirikta kezI tathA tIrthakara RSabhadevakA ekatva bhI hindu aura jaina purANoMse siddha hotA hai| vaizAlI tathA videhase prAraMbha hokara magadha, kozala, takSazilA aura saurASTra taka yaha zramaNa dharma phailA aura isake aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane chaThI sadI I0 pU0 meM ise suvyavasthita rUpa dekara deza-vyApI banA diyaa| sAtha hI usane uttara aura dakSiNa bhAratake vibhinna rAjavaMzoM tathA tatkAlIna samAjako prabhAvita kiyA aura apane AMtarika guNoMke kAraNa samasta dezameM Aja bhI apanA astitva usI prakAra surakSita rakhe hue hai| sAhityake atirikta isa dharmane guphAoM, stUpoM, maMdiroM, mUttiyoM, citroM evaM lalitakalAke mAdhyamase na kevala lokakA naitika va AdhyAtmika stara uThAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai, balki dezake vibhinna bhAgoMko isane apane saundaryase sajAyA hai aura, isa sAMskRtika yogadAnameM bihArakA apanA vizeSa sthAna rahA hai| jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai, 24 tIrthaMkaroMmeMse 22 tIrthaMkaroMne isI bhamimeM nirvANa-prApti kI jinameMse 20 tIrthaMkaroMne hajArIbAga jileke sammedazikhara ( pArasanAtha parvata ), 12 veM tIrthakara vasupUjyane campApurI tathA aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIrane nAlAndA jilA-sthita pAvApurImeM nirvANa prApta kiyaa| inake atirikta 19 veM tIrthakara mallinAtha tathA 21 veM tIrthakara neminAthakA janma videha athavA mithilAmeM huA thA jabaki 20 veM tIrthakara munisuvratanAtha rAjagirimeM tathA 24 veM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra vaizAlIke kuNDagrAmameM paidA hue the| suprasiddha jaina graMtha "tattvArthasUtra" kA praNayana svanAmadhanya jaina sArasvata umAsvAti dvArA pATaliputra meM hI haA thaa| jaina dharma tathA darzanake kSetrameM isakA mahatva isI bAtase AMkA jA sakatA hai ki isa para aba taka pA~ca-cha TIkAe~ likhI jA cukI haiM / yaha ThIka hI kahA gayA hai ki gItA, bAibila, kurAnazarIpha evaM gurugrantha sAhibakA jo mahatva hinduoM, IsAiyoM, musalamAnoM aura sikkhoMke lie hai, vahI "tattvArthasUtra" kA jainiyoMke lie hai / sAtha hI pATaliputrameM ho jaina-paramparAke aMtima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhukA nivAsa sthAna thaa| bhAratake prathama aitihAsika rAjavaMzake saMsthApaka candra gupta jainadharmameM dIkSita hue ki nahIM, yaha vivAdAspada hai, kintu yaha to nirvivAda hai ki pATaliputrake zAsaka nandarAja (lagabhaga cauthI sadI I0 pU0) Adi tIrthakara RSabhadevake mahAn upAsaka the jo kaliMga-samrATa khAravelake hAthIguphA abhilekhase spaSTa hai / bauddha matake prati adhika jhukAva hote hue bhI samrATa azokane barAbarakI pahAr3iyoM para AjIvikoM evaM nirgrantha (digambara jaina) sAdhuoMke lie guphAoMkA nirmANa kara unheM hara prakArakA saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA / vAstavameM vihArake itihAsa meM yaha eka gauravojjvala, svaNima adhyAya hai| jaina saMskRta evaM prAkRta sAhitya ke anuzIlanase patA calatA hai ki kisa prakAra usameM vigata 2500 varSoMke bihArake jana-jIvanakA sarvAMgINa citra milatA hai| "sthAnAMgasUtra ke adhyayanase eka bahuta hI manoraMjaka bAta sAmane AtI hai ki dezake anya bhAgoMke nivAsiyoMkI apekSA "magadha dezake nivAsI adhika catura evaM buddhimAna huA karate the| ve kisI bhI viSayako saMketa mAtra se samajha lete the jabaki kozalake nivAsI ise dekhakara hI samajha pAte the aura pAMcAla dezavAsI use AdhA sunakara tathA dakSiNa dezavAsI use pUrApUrA samajha pAte the| (3 / 152) / " eka ora jahA~ jaina sAhityameM magadha-nivAsiyoMkI prazaMsA kI gayI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora brAhmaNoMne magadha dezako pApa-bhUmi batAkara vahA~ yAtrA karanA bhI niSiddha batAyA hai ! spaSTa hai ki tayugIna dharma sambandhI saiddhAntika matabheda hI isake pIche kAma kara rahA thaa|