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________________ bhAratIya vicAradhArA aura jaina dRSTi ___ zrI rAdhezyAmadhara dvivedI vicAra jIvana ke ghAta-pratighAtoM meM banAye jAte haiM aura ve sahI tabhI mAne jAte haiM jaba una vicAroM se kisI virodha kI sambhAvanA nahIM hotI hai| yadyapi kAlAntara meM vaha sampradAya kA svarUpa lekara eka pakSa bana jAtA hai taba vaha bhI samyak vicAra hai, isameM sandeha paidA hotA hai| para isa sabake bAvajUda vicAra kI svatantratA manuSya-mAtra kA dharma hai aura niSpakSa dRSTi se yadi vaha vicAratA hai to kisI sarvasammata avadhAraNA para pahu~ca sakatA hai aura vaha avadhAraNA jaina-vicAroM ke karIba AtI hai / isa AdhAra para hI jaina-vicAroM kA mUlyAMkana karanA merA uddezya hai| Aja bhagavAn buddha yA mahAvIra kI bhA~ti ghara se saMnyAsa lekara satyAnveSaNa ke lie hama jaMgala meM nahIM jAnA cAhate haiM aura yadi jAte bhI haiM to usa ekAnta anubhava ko satya mAnane ke lie bAdhya nahIM haiN| Aja anubhavoM tathA AcAroM kA vizleSaNa samAja ke madhya meM rahakara karanA hogA aura usI parakha para yadi pUrva ke cintana sahAyatA karate haiM to unako mAnA jA sakatA hai varanA vivecana mAtra vAcika andhavizvAsa khlaaegaa| isI AdhAra para lagatA hai ki prAcIna bhAratIya vicAroM kA saMgharSa jo chaThI zatI I. pU. meM prArambha huA, usameM jaina darzana ne paraspara ke ati saMgharSapUrNa vicAroM ko zAntapatha para lAne kA prazaMsanIya prayAsa kiyA hai| aura isI zAntimArga kA pathika hone ke kAraNa vaha apane ko samAja meM banAe to rakha sakA, para sampUrNa samAja para chA nahIM skaa| prabhAva ke vistAra se yadi vyakti kA yA vicAra kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jAtA hai taba to yaha utanA prabhAvotpAdaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, para yadi samyak dRSTi ke dvArA Anubhavika satya ke vizleSaNa kA prazna khar3A kiyA jAtA hai taba to yaha nizcaya hI prabhAvotpAdaka kahA jA sakatA hai / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki manuSya satya samajha kara bhI usako karane meM saMkoca karatA hai kyoMki samAja-vyavasthA usako svIkAra nahIM karatI aura becArA manuSya sabako badalane meM pUrNa samartha nahIM hai isa sandarbha meM vyakti ke vicAroM kI bhI sImA khar3I huI hai| vaha samAja ko sarvathA lA~ghakara kucha bhI nahIM kara sakatA / ataeva vyakti kA darzana jaba naye darzana ke rUpa meM khar3A hotA hai to usakA vyavahAra, tattva evaM jJAna kA vivecana parisaMvAda 4
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________________ 34 jainavidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana sAmane rahatA hai / yadi uparyukta tIna kisI naye suvyavasthita jIvana-darzana ko de pAte haiM taba to ve ThIka mAne jAe~ge / yadi nahIM, to mAtra khayAlI pulAva hoMge / jaina darzana kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha tattva kI dRSTi se bhUta kI yathArtha sattA, jJAna kI dRSTi se anekAntatA evaM AcAra kI dRSTi se ahiMsaka paddhati para vizvAsa karatA hai | yaha vivecana jaise kahane meM sarala lagatA hai vaise paripAlana meM bhI sarala hai para samAja kI haThavAditA ke kAraNa sarvajana - mAnya hone meM kaThina hai / kyoMki koI bhI samAja kisI dUsare vicAra ko taba taka nahIM mAnatA jaba taka usake samAja kI sArI vyavasthAoM kA dUsarA vicAra sudhAra ke sAtha sthApana na kare / isIlie vyakti jo jahA~ pratiSThita hai apane ko suvyavasthita dekhakara hI anya sthAna para badalAva karatA hai varanA astitva ke samApta hone ke bhaya meM apane bigar3e vicAroM ko hI sahI mAna kara calatA rahatA hai / isIlie vicAroM, vyavasthAoM, sthAnoM kA saMgharSa paidA hotA hai / para ina saMgharSo ko kama se kama saMgharSa kA svarUpa pradAna karane meM jainadarzana kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai / chaThIM zatI I. pU. meM jaba AtmA aura anAtmA kA nitya aura kSaNikatA kA, vedavihita vyavasthA tathA manuSya-nirmita vyavasthA kA saMgharSa khar3A huA thA taba bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vicAra kucha adhika kAragara bana pAye / yadyapi ye vicAraparamparA se mahAvIra ko prApta hue the para usa samaya ke samAja meM sthita kalaha ko miTAne meM ye kAphI sahAyaka bana sake, ataeva inakA mUlya bar3ha gayA / tattva-jJAna meM anekAnta kA tAtparya kisI vastu viSaya ke bAre meM eka prakAra ke parAmarza ke viSaya meM eka dRSTi se satya hone tathA dUsarI dRSTi se na hone kI sambhAvanA se hai / yaha pratidina ke saMgharSoM meM bacAva kI dRSTi hai / jo satya hai, para loga apanI vizeSa dRSTi ke kAraNa isakA upahAsa kiyA karate haiM jo yathArtha cintana meM bAdhaka ho sakatI hai / isI prakAra vastu ke svarUpa meM kucha badalAva kucha ekatA dikhalAI detI hai jo jaina dRSTi se utpAda-vyaya-dhruvatA kI paribhASA meM bilkula saTIka baiThegI, para koI vizeSa dRSTi ke kAraNa yadi pratyeka vastu ko kSaNamAtra sthAyI yA koI nitya mAne to yaha mAtra saMgharSa ke aura kyA paidA kara sakatI hai / vicAra tathA tattva- jJAna kI parakha vyavahAra se kI jAtI hai / vyavahAra ko ahiMsAtmaka rukha tabhI diyA jAtA hai jaba vyakti dUsare ke vicAroM evaM tattva- cintana kA samAdara karatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA AdhAra ahiMsaka svarUpa kA paricAyaka parisaMvAda
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________________ bhAratIya vicAradhArA aura jaina dRSTi hai kyoMki vaha dUsare ke prati vaicArika hiMsA bhI nahIM vardAsta kara sakate the, isIlie unakA ahiMsaka jIvana kaThora bana gayA / cAhe ise hama bhale avyAvahArika kaha leM, para bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vicAra kI gambhIratA ko svIkAra karane meM koI sandeha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / jaba vyakti vicAroM ko vyavahAra meM utAratA hai taba vaha sahI artha meM parIkSita hotA hai / isIlie bAhya ko adhyAtma kA sahavartI mAnA gayA hai-- je aJjhatthaM jANai te bahiyA jANai / je bahiyA jANai se aJjhatthaM jANai // 35 --samaNasuttaM, samyagjJAnasUkta 19, gAthA 257 // arthAt jo adhyAtma ko jAnatA hai vaha bAhya (bhautika) ko jAnatA hai / jo bAhya ko jAnatA hai vaha adhyAtma ko jAnatA hai / isa prakAra bAhya evaM adhyAtma sahavartI haiM / jaina sAdhu pA~ca samitiyoM tathA tIna guptiyoM kA pAlana karake apane caritra ko banAte haiM tathA azubha pravRttiyoM ko haTAte haiN| kyoMki samyak caritra ke dvArA jIva karmoM se mukta hotA hai aura karmoM ke kAraNa bandhana meM par3atA hai / karmoM ko naSTa karane ke lie paJca mahAvratoM kA pAlana, satarkatA kA avalambana tathA saMyama kA abhyAsa Avazyaka hai / isI krama meM jIva tathA yathArtha tattva kA avabodha bhI Avazyaka hai / ina sabakA prArambha jaina tattva-darzana meM ahiMsA ke dvArA hotA hai / ahiMsA kA mana, vacana evaM karma tInoM ke dvArA pAlana honA cAhie / isI prakAra satya ko Adarza ke sAtha priyarUpa bhI mAnA gayA hai / sabhI kAmanAoM kA parityAga evaM viSayoM ke prati anAsakta honA jaina dharma-darzana kI vizeSatA hai / isa prakAra lagatA hai ki jaina darzana vyavahAra samanvita hokara zreSTha jIvana ke lie apane Upara bharosA rakhatA hai isIlie vaha Izvara para bhI vizvAsa nahIM karatA aura na anya matAvalambiyoM se ghRNA karatA hai / kahA bhI hai kartAsti kazcijjagataH sa caikaH sa sarvagaH sa svavazaH sa nityaH / imA kuhevAkaviDambanA syusteSAM na yeSAmanuzAsakastvam // -- syAdvAdamaMjarI, zloka 6 / jagat kA koI kartA hai, vaha eka hai, sarvavyApI hai, svatantra hai, nitya hai Adi durAgrahapUrNa siddhAntoM ko svIkAra karanevAloM ke Apa anuzAstA nahIM ho sakate / parisaMvAda 4
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________________ 36 jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta : antarazAstrIya adhyayana pakSapAto na me vAre na dvaSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimavacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH parigrahaH / / -lokatattvanirNaya 1138 / merA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vacanoM ke prati pakSapAta nahIM aura na kapila se dveSa hai, jo yuktiyukta vacana haiM unakA pAlana honA caahie| isa prakAra jaina vicAraka Atmatattva kI pratiSThA karake parapadArtha ke prati rAga dRSTi kA prahANa karatA hai / taba vaha vizuddha Atmatattva kI ora unmukha ho sahaja evaM nirvikAra AtmasvarUpa ko prApta karatA hai| yaha hI samyak dRSTi hai| mahAvIra ne svarUpa kI maryAdA kA bodha na hone se Atma-tRSNA kI utpatti mAnI hai| para yaha bodha hote hI vyakti samajhane lagatA hai ki jo maiM anya vastuoM ke prati abhitRSNa thA vaha mere ajJAna kA phala thaa| maiM to cinmAtra hU~, yaha jAnate hI vaha sakala AsravoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| yaha AtmA tIna prakAra kA hai bahirAtmA, antarAtmA tathA paramAtmA / isa prakAra bAhyAbhimukhI Asakti kA tyAga kara, svapara viveka ko samajha, vyakti samasta karmaphala kalaMkoM se rahita hokara paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA adhigama karatA hai| taba hI vaha mukta ho pAtA hai| isa mukti meM bauddhoM kI bhA~ti dIpa kA bujha jAnA yA vaizeSikoM kI bhA~ti vizeSa guNoM kA uccheda nahIM rahatA, isameM to AtmA caitanya svarUpa hokara jJAnavAn rahatA hai kyoMki jJAna AtmA kA nijatva hai AtmalAbhaM vidurmokSa jIvanasyAtamalakSayAt / nAbhAvo nApyacaitanyaM na caitanyamanarthakam // -siddhivinizcaya 1-384 / ataH vaha saba anya karmabandhanoM se mukta hokara bhI nija caitanyasvarUpa se ucchinna nahIM hotA, ataH AtmA caitanya tathA jJAnavAn hai, yaha dRSTi hI jainoM kI samyak dRSTi hai| isa samyak jJAna kI utpatti se vyakti ko jo svarUpa bodha evaM svAdhikAra kA bodha hotA hai| usake kAraNa usakA eka vizeSa caritra vikasita hotA hai| vaha dUsare ke adhikAroM ko har3apane ke lie vyAkula nahIM hotA, ataH vyakti svAtantrya ke AdhAra para svAvalambI caryA hI samyak cAritra hai| ataH jaina vicArakoM kI jIvana-sAdhanA ahiMsA ke maulika samatva para pratiSThita hokara prANimAtra ke prati abhaya evaM jIvita rahane kI satat vicAra sAdhanA hai| parisaMvAda-4
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________________ bhAratIya vicAradhArA aura jaina dRSTi __ jaina dharma ke isa vicAra kA prabhAva sampUrNa bhAratIya jana-jIvana para prabhUta mAtrA meM pAyA jAtA hai / isIlie bhAratIya zAnta prakRti ke mAne jAte haiM / inameM bhI jaina to aura bhI zAnta kahalAte haiN| jaina pradhAna pradeza bhI anya pradezoM kI apekSA zAnta dIkhate haiN| isakA vizleSaNa karane para lagatA hai ki isa zAntipana evaM dUsare ke vicAroM ke kadra kA kAraNa sambhavataH jaina vicAra hI haiM jisake kAraNa dUsare ke vicAroM ko eka dRSTi se sambhava mAnakara upazAnta jIvana kA mArga apanAyA jA sakatA hai aura yaha bhArata meM svabhAvataH vidyamAna hai| isa svabhAva ke banane meM jaina vicArakoM ke vicAra pramukha rUpa se kAraNa mAne jAte haiN| gAMdhI jI ne inhIM vicAroM se prabhAvita hokara deza kI svAdhInatA kI anUThI lar3AI ldd'ii| Aja deza meM jo dharmanirapekSatA, svatantratA evaM samAnatA kA vicAra panapa rahA hai vaha sambhavataH prAcIna dArzanika vicAroM tathA Adhunika paristhitiyoM ke bIca jaina darzana ke anekAntavAda se nisRta saraNI ke kAraNa hI hai / tulanAtmaka dharma-darzana vibhAga, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI, uttara pradeza / parisaMvAda-4