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________________ bhAratIya zilpakalA ke vikAsa meM jaina zilpakalA kA yogadAna bhArata kI prAcya saMskRti ke lie jahA~ jaina sAhitya kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai, vahIM jaina kalA ke adhyayana kA bhI kucha kama mahatva nahIM hai / jena kalA apanI kucha viziSTa vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa bhAratIya kalA meM apanA viziSTa mahatva rakhatI / jaina dharma kI svarNima - gaurava garimA ko pratIka pratimAe~, purAtana maMdira, vizAla staMbhAdi prAcIna bhAratIya sabhyatA evaM saMskRti ke jvalaMta nidarzana haiM / atIta inameM aMtarnihita hai / sambatA evaM saMskRti kI rakSA evaM abhivRddhi meM sAhityakAra jahA~ lekhanI ke mAdhyama se samAja meM apane bhAvoM ko vyakta karatA haiM, vahIM kalAkAra pArthiva upAdAnoM ke mAdhyama dvArA Atmastha bhAvoM ko apanI sadhI huI chainI se vyakta karatA hai / mUrtikalA ke kSetra meM jainakalA ne arhantoM kI agaNita kAyotsarga evaM padmAsana dhyAna magna mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai jo pASANa se lekara mUMgA, hIrA, pukharAja, nIlama Adi se nirmita hai / mAmUlI tA~bA, pItala se lekara rajata, svarNa jaisI bahumUlya dhAtuoM se nirmita AkAra meM choTI se choTI evaM bar3I se bar3I jaina dharma kI ina pratimAoM meM kitanI hI to caturmukha evaM kitanI hI sarvatobhadra haiM / jaina purAtatva kI pramukha vastu pratimA hai / bhArata ke vibhinna bhUbhAgoM meM jaina mUrtiyoM kI upalabdhi hotI rahatI hai, jinakI maulika mudrA eka hote hue bhI parikara meM prAMtIya prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai / mukhAkRti para bhI asara hotA hai / DA0 zivakumAra nAmadeva jaina mata meM mUrtipUjA kI prAcInatA evaM vikAsa kA itihAsa atyanta prAcIna hai / jaina mata do pramukha paMtha zvetAMbara evaM digambara meM vibhAjita hai / zvetAMbara sadaiva hI apanI pratimAoM ko vastrAbhUSaNa Adi se susajjita rakhate the / ye puSpAdi dravyoM kA prayoga karate haiM tathA apane devAlayoM meM dIpaka bhI nahIM jalAte / digambara mUrtiyA~ nagna rahatIM thIM / 1. jaina mata meM mUrti pUjA kI prAcInatA evaM vikAsa- zivakumAra nAmadeva, anekAMta, maI 1974 181
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________________ bhArata kI prAcInatama mUrtiyA~ sindhu ghATI meM mohana jodar3o evaM har3appA Adi sthaloM ke utkhanana se prApta huI haiN| isa sabhyatA meM prApta mohana jodar3o ke pazupati ko yadi zaiva dharma ko deva mAneM to har3appA se prApta nagna ghar3a ko digambara kI khaMDita mUrti mAnane meM Apatti nahIM honI cAhie / " sindhu sabhyatA ke pazuoM meM eka vizAla skaMdhayukta vRSabha tathA eka jaTAjUTadhArI kA aMkana hai / vRSabha tathA eka jaTAjUTa ke kAraNa ise prathama jaina tIrthaM kara AdinAtha kA anumAna kara sakate haiM / " har3appA se prApta mudrA kramAMka 300, 317 evaM 318 meM a Mkita pratibhA ajAnulaMbita, bAhudvaya sahita kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai / ' har3appA ke atirikta uparokta sAkSya hameM mohanajodar3o meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai / " : mathurA evaM udayagiri-khaNDagiri kA purAtatva bhI jina mUrtiyoM ke prAcIna Astitva ko siddha karate haiM / jaina stUpa para mUrtiyAM aMkita rahatI thIM / IsA kI pahalI zatAbdI meM mathurA meM 'vaha prAcIna stUpa vidyamAna thA jo isa kAla meM deva nirmita samajhA jAtA thA aura jise bulhara tathA smitha ne bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke kAla kA batAyA thA / bhAratIya kalA kA kramabaddha itihAsa mauryakAla se prApta hotA hai| mauryakAla meM magadha jaina dharma kA pramukha kendra thA / isa kAla kI tIrthaMkara kI eka pratimA lohAnIpura se prApta huI hai / " mUrti ke hAtha evaM mastaka TUTa gaye haiN| paira bhI jaMghA ke pAsa se nahIM haiM / pratimA para mauryakAlIna uttama pAliza hai / taMga vakSasthala tathA kSINa zarIra jainoM ke tapasyArata zarIra kA uttama namUnA hai / pITha prAya. caurasa hai, pIche se kATha se pratIta hotI hai / yaha pratimA kisI tAkha meM rakhakara pUjArtha prayukta kI jAtI rahI hogI / pArzvanAtha kI eka kAMsya mUrti jo mauryakAla kI mAnI jAtI hai, kAyotsargAsana meM hai / yaha pratimA bambaI ke saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita hai / zuMgakAla (185 I. pU. se 72 I. pU.) meM jaina dharma ke astitva kI dyotaka katipaya pratibhAyeM upalabdha huI haiM / lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya' meM saMrakSita zuMgayugIna mathurA se prApta eka kapATa para RSamadeva ke sammukha apsarA nIlAMjanA kA nRtya citrita hai| kapATa meM aneka narezoM sahita RRSamadeva ko baiThe hue dikhAyA gayA hai, nartakI kA dakSiNa paira nRtya mudrA meM uThA huA hai tathA dakSiNa hAtha bhI nRtya kI bhaMgimayA ko prastuta kara rahA hai / saMgata-rAza nikaTa hI baiThe hue haiM / 12. sTeDIja ina jaina ArTa - yU. pI. zAha, citra phalaka kramAMka 1 3. saravAivala oNpha di har3appA kalcara - TI. jI. athana, pRSTha 55 4. haDappA graMtha 1, vatsa ema. esa., pRSTha 129-130, phalaka 931 5. bahI, pRSTha 28 mArzala - mohana jodar3o enDa inDasa vailI sivilAijezana, graMtha 1, phalaka 12, AkRti 13. 14. 18, 19, 22 1 6. nihAraraMjana re - maurya enDa zuMga ArTa, citra phalaka 28, kAmprihenasiva hisTrI oNpha inDiyA - saMpAdaka: ke. e. nIlakaMThazAstrI, citra phalaka 38, sTeDIja ina jaina ArTa-yU. pI zAha, citra phalaka 1 kramAMka 2, maurya sAmrAjya kA itihAsa - satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra, citra phalaka 10, bhAratIya kalA ko bihAra kI dena - vindhyezvarIprasAda siMha, citra saMkhyA 30 | 7. sTeDIja ina jaina ArTa - yU. pI. zAha, citra phalaka 2, AkRti 5 -- 182
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________________ priMsa oNpha velsamyUjiyama bambaI meM jaina tIrtha kara kuSANa yuga ke aneka kalAtmaka udAharaNa mathUrA pArzvanAtha kI prAcIna kAMsya pratimA saMgrahIta hai / yaha ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI se upalabdha hue haiN| yahA~ kAyotsargAsana meM hai, unakA sarpaphaNoM kA vitAna evaM se prApta eka AyAgapaTTa jisa para mahAsvastika kA dakSiNa kara khaMDita hai / oSTha laMbe evaM hRdaya para cinha banA hai, ke madhya meM chatra ke nIcepadmAsana meM zrIvatsa cinhAMkita nahIM hai. jo paravartIkAla meM prApta tIrthakara mUrti hai, unake cAroM ora svastika kI cAra hotA hai| zrI yU.pI. zAha ne pratimA kA kAla 100 I. bhujAeM haiN| tIrtha kara ke maNDala kI cAra dizAoM meM pU. ke lagabhaga siddha kiyA hai / cAra triratna dikhAye gaye haiN| kalAtmaka dRSTi se lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita AyAgapaTTa' (kramAMka je. ___ zaM gakAlIna kaMkAlI TolA (mathurA) se jaina stUpa 249) mahatvapUrNa hai / isakI sthApanA siMhanAdika ne ke avazeSa prApta hue haiM isake sAtha hI usI kAla ke arhat pUjA ke lie kI thI / madhya meM padmAsana para pUjA paTTa bhI upalabdha hue hai jinheM AyAga paTTa bhI baiThI huI tIrthaka ra mUrti hai / paTTa kI bAhya caukhaTa para kahA jAtA thA / yaha prastara alaMkRta haiM tathA ATha ATha maMgalika cinha haiN| mAMgalika cinhoM se yukta hai| pUjA nimitta amohinI ne ise pradAna kiyA thA / isa yuga kA eka pradhAna kendra AyAgapaTTa para jo mAMgalika cinha haiM unakI ur3IsA meM thaa| yahA~ kI udayagiri pahAr3iyoM para jaina sthiti se mUrti ko jana pratimA mAnane meM saMdeha nahIM dharma se sambandhita gRhAyeM utkIrNa haiN| raha jAtA ye cinha haiM =svAstika, darpaNa, bhasmapAtra, zuMga evaM kuSANa yuga meM mathurA jaina dharma kA prAcIna veMta kI tipAI (bhadrAsana), do machaliyA~, puSpamAlA kendra thA / yahA~ ke kaMkAlI TIle ke utkhanana se baha- evaM pustaka / kuSANa yuga ke anya AyAgapaTa Ta para jo saMkhyaka mUrtiyA~ prApta haI haiN| ye mUtiyA~ kisI samaya mAMgalika khude haiM unameM darpaNa tathA naMdhAvarta kA abhAva mathurA ke do stUpoM meM lagI haI thIM / ahaMta naMdhAvarta hai| saMbhavataH kaniSka ke kAla (prathama sadI I.) taka kI eka pratimA jisakA kAla 89 I. hai, isa stUpa ke aSTamAMgalika cinhoM kI aMtima sUcI nizcita na ho utkhanana se prApta huI hai| sakI thii| yahA~ se upalabdha jaina mUrtiyAM, boTa mUrtiyoM se vivecya yuga meM pradhAnataH tIrtha kara kI pratimAeM itanA sahazya rakhatI haiM ki donoM kA vibheda karanA taiyAra kI gaI jo kAyotsarga evaM Asana avasthA meM kaThina ho jAtA hai| yadi zrIvatsa para dhyAna na diyA haiN| mathurA ke zilpayoM ke sammukha yakSa kI pratimAyeM hI jAya to UparI aMgoM kI samAnatA ke kAraNa jaina ko Adarza thIM, ataH kAyotsarga sthiti meM tIthaM kara kI bauddha evaM bauddha ko jaina mUrti kahane meM koI Apatti nahIM vizAlakAya nagna mUrtiyA~ banane lgiiN| kaMkAlI TIle ke hogI / kAraNa yaha thA ki kuSANa yuga ke prArambha meM utkhanana se prApta vahasaMkhyaka nagna tIrtha kara kI pratimAyeM kalA meM dhArmika kaTTaratA nahIM thii| lakhanaU ke saMgrahAlaya meM haiM / tIrtha kara pratimAoM meM 8. vahI, AkRti 31 9. bhAratIya kalA- vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, pRSTha 281-282, citra phalaka 3161 10. vahI. pRSTha 282-283, citra saMkhyA 318 | .... ...
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________________ adhovastra kA samAveSa kuSANayuga ke pazcAta kiyA gyaa| isa yuga meM tIrthakaroM ke vibhinna pratIkoM kA parijJAna na ho sakA thA / vibhinna tIrthaM karoM ko pahacAnane ke lie tIrthaM karoM kI caukiyoM para aMkita lekhoM meM nAma kA ullekha hI paryApta thA / kuSANa yuga meM mathurA kalA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchana nahIM pAye jAte haiM, jinase kAlAMtara meM unakI pahacAna kI jAtI thii| kevala AdinAtha ke kaMdhoM para khule / hue kezoM kI laTeM dikhAI gaI hai aura supArzvanAtha ke mastaka para sarpaNoM kA ATopa hai| tIrtha kara mUrtiyoM ke vakSa para zrIvatsa evaM mastaka ke pIche tejacakra yA prabhAmaNDala pAyA jAtA hai| phaNATopa vAlI mUrtiyoM meM prabhAmaNDala nahIM rhtaa| caukI para kevala cakra dhvaja yA jinamUrti yA siMha kA aMkana pAyA jAtA haiM / bhAratIya itihAsa meM svarNayuga ke nAma se vikhyAta guptakAla meM yadyapi jainadharma adhika lokapriya nahIM thA, parantu aneka sAkSyoM se isa kAla meM jaina dharma para prakAza par3atA hai| isa yuga meM kalA praur3hatA ko prApta ho cukI thii| jaina pratimAyeM sundaratA evaM kalAtmaka dRSTi se uttama haiM / adhovastra tathA zrIvatsa ye vizeSatAyeM guptakUla meM parilakSita hotI haiN| jaina mUrtiyAM banAvaTa kI dRSTi se uccakoTi kI haiN| pratimAoM meM cakra, caukI ke madhya taiyAra kie gaye, jisake donoM pArzva meM do hiraNa yA vRSabha khode gae haiM sire para tIna (cakra) rekhAoM kA chatra dikhalAyA gayA hai jisake donoM ora harita sthita haiM guptayugIna jaina pratimAoM meM yakSayakSiNI. mAlAvAhI gaMdharva Adi devatulya mUrtiyoM ko bhI sthAna diyA gayA thaa| uttara guptakAla meM jaina kalA sambandhI aneka kendra kAma karane lage / ataH sthAnIya pratimAoM kI saMkhyA paryApta rUpa se milatI hai| tAMtrika bhAvanA ne kalA ko prabhAvita kiyA / kalAkAroM kA kAryakSetra vistRta ho gayA, parantu zAstrIya niyamoM se baddha hone ke kAraNa jaina kalAkAroM ko svataMtratA na rahI / isa yuga meM 24 tIrtha karoM se sambandhita caubIsa yakSa-yakSiNI ko bhI kalA meM sthAna diyA gyaa| prAcIna bhArata ke mahatvapUrNa nagara vidizA ke nikaTa durjanapura grAma se kucha varSa pUrva rAmaguptakAlIna tIna abhilekha yukta jaina pratimAyeM prApta huI thii| ina pratimAoM kI prApti se bhAratIya itihAsa meM arddhazatI se cale A rahe isa vivAda kA nirAkaraNa saMbhava ho sakA ki rAmagupta gupta zAsaka thA yA nahIM / " uparyukta tInoM pratimAoM meM se do pratimAyeM candraprabha evaM eka arhata puSpadaMta kI haiN| yadyapi mUrtiyAM kucha nagna haiM tathApi kalAtmaka dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiM / candraprabha kI prathama mUrti ke dakSiNa karNa meM eka kar3A evaM vakSa para zrIvatsa cinhAMkita haiN| padamAsanastha isa pratimA ke pAThapITha para madhya meM cakra evaM donoM pArzva meM siMha utkIrNa hai / mUrti kA zarIra gaThIlA hai / mastaka ke pIche AbhAmaNDala yA jo naSTa ho gayA hai| candraprama kI dvitIya pratimA kA mukha bhAga pUrNarUpeNa khaMDita hai / pIche tejomaNDala jisakA ardhabhAga hI zeSa hai / vakSa para zrIvatsa aMkita yaha pratimA bhI padmAsanastha hai| pAdapITha ke madhya cakra utkIrNa haiN| donoM pArzva para cAmaradhArI haiN| tRtIya pratimA arddhata puSpadaMta kI hai jo uparivarNita pratimA ke hI sadRzya hai| baksara ke nikaTa causA (bihAra) se upalabdha kucha kAMsya pratimAyeM paTanA ke saMgrahAlaya meM hai| ina 11. vidizA se prApta jaina pratimAyeM evaM rAmagupta pratimAyeM evaM rAmagupta zivakumAra nAmadeva, zivakumAra nAmadeva, anekAMta maI 1974 madhyapradeza saMdeza, 28 akTUbara 1972 jaina pratimAyeM evaM rAmagupta kI aitihAMsikatA zivakumAra nAmadeva, bhramaNa, apraila 1974 1 184 vidizA se prApta vidizA se prApta
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________________ pratimAoM meM se kucha para gaMdhAra kalA kA spaSTa prabhAva meM nirmita mahAvIra kI eka pratimA mathurA saMgrahAlaya meM dRSTigocara hotA hai / yahAM se upalabdha RSabhanAtha kI hai| yaha utthita padmAsana meM hai|16 eka sthAnaka pratimA mahatvapUrNa hai| pratimA kA prabhA / maNDala evaM zarIra gaThana kalA kI dRSTi se sundara nhiiN| ____sIrA pahAr3a kI jana guphAye tathA unameM utkIrNa manohara tIrthakara pratimAoM kA nirmANa isI kAla meM hai / oSTha moTe pratIta hote haiM / huaa| yahAM se prApta pArzvanAtha kI mUrti saptaphaNoM se yukta rAjamiri kI vaibhAra pahAr3I para eka khaMDita devA- padamAsanarUDha hai| bhArata kalA bhavana kAzI meM saMrakSita laya ke Ale meM eka pratimA padamAsanastha dhyAnAvasthita rAjaghATa se prApta dharaNendra evaM padamAvatI sahita pAvahai, pratimA ke mUrtitatva para madhya meM eka yuvA rAja- nAtha kI pratimA kalA kI dRSTi se sundara hai| kumAra akita hai jinake donoM pArzva meM pairoM ke nikaTa zaMkha haiN| prabhAmaNDala se yukta isa pratimA ko kucha vardhamAna mahAvIra ko dIkSA grahaNa karane ke pUrva vidvAnoM ne neminAtha ko mAnA thA, parantu vAstava meM jIvaMta svAmI ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thA / jIvaMta yaha pratimA cakra-puruSa kI hai jo guptayugIna vicAra svAmI kI guptayugIna do pratimAyeM bar3audA saMgrahAlaya17 meM dhArA hai / isa pratimA ke donoM ora do jina padamAsana surakSita haiM / rAjakIya paridhAna meM hone se unakI meM baiThe haiN| mastaka prabhAmaNDala se suzobhita haiM / anya pahacAna saralatA se ho jAtI hai| akoThA18 se prApta AloM meM bhI tIrthakara pratimAyeM haiM / zailI kI dRSTi se prathama tIrthakara RSabhanAtha kI eka kAMsya pratimA kalA ye I. cauthI sadI kI jJAta hotI hai| kI dRSTi se sundara hai / pratimA nagna hai evaM usake murtitala kA patA nahIM hai| pratimA ke ardha nimIlita guptayugIna besanagara (gvAliyara saMgrahAlaya) se netra yoga kI dhyAnamudrA kI ora saMketa karate haiN| pratimA prApta eka pratimA ke prabhAmaNDala ke donoM ora ur3ate kA kAla 450 I. jJAta hotA hai| hue mAlAdhArI aMkita haiM / prabhAmaNDala kuSANa zailI kA hai / vivecya yugIna mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI do prati chaThavIM sadI ke tRtIya caraNa meM pANDavaMziyoM ne maayeN| zailI kI dRSTi se banArasa skUla ke zilpa kI saramapUrIya rAjavaMsa ko samApta kara dakSiNa kozala ko taraha haiN| sAranAtha se prApta ajita nAtha kI pratimA kA apane adhikAra meM kara zrIpura (sirapura, rAyapura jilA) DaoN. sAhanI ne gupta saMvat 61 mAnA hai, yaha kAzI ko apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| isa kAla kI pArzvanAtha kI saMgrahAlaya meM hai / gupta nareza kumAragupta prathama ke kAla eka pratimA" sirapura se upalabdha huI / dhyAnAvasthA meM 12. sTeDIja ina jaina ArTa-yU. pI. zAha, citra phalaka 6, kramAMka 171 13. vahI, AkRti 18 / / 14. vahI, citra phalaka 10, Akati kramAMka 241 15. vahI, citra phalaka 11, AkRti kramAMka 25-261 16. impIriyala gupta, Ara. DI. banarjI, phalaka 28 / 17. akoThA bonja-yU. pI. zAha, pR. 26-28 / / 18. sTeDIja ina jaina ArTa-yU. pI. zAha, phalaka 8, AkRti 191 19. mahata ghAsIrAma smAraka saMgrahAlaya rAyapura kA sUcI patra bhAga 2, citra phalaka 3 k| 185
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________________ padmAsanarUr3ha isa pratimA ke keza ghugharAle evaM uSNISa- kalacuri kAlIna tIrtha kara pratimAyeM Asana eva baddha haiM, karNa kI lauMDI lambI evaM hRdaya para zrIvatsa sthAnaka mudrA meM prApta huI hai / kucha saMyukta pratimAye cinha aMkita hai| unakA lAMchana nAga takiyA ke rUpa bhI upalabdha huI haiN| tIrtha karoM meM sarvAdhika pratimAye kuNDalI mAre baiThA hai jisake sAtoM phaNa unake Upara tIrtha kara RSamadeva kI haiN| chatra kI bhAMti tane hue haiN| kalacuri yugIna bhagavAna RSabhanAtha kI sarvAdhika uttaraguptakAla meM kalA ke aneka kendra the| kalA pratimAyeM kArItalAI se upalabdha huI haiM / ye zveta tAMtrika bhAvanA se ota-prota thii| yadyapi isa kAla meM baluA pASANa se nirmita haiN| samprati ye sabhI pratimAye kalAkAroM kA kSetra vistata ho gayA thA parantu ve pratimA rAyapUra saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita haiM / kArItalAI ke nirmANa meM svataMtra nahIM the apitu apanI racanAoM ko atirikta tevara (jabalapura), mallAra evaM ratanapura zAstrIya niyamoM ke AdhAra para hI rUpa pradatta karate the| (bilAsapUra) Adi se bhI AdinAtha kI pratimAye baMdhana ke phalasvarUpa madhyayugIna jaina kalA niSprANa sI upalabdha huI haiN| tevara se upalabdha, samprati jabalapura ke ho gaI thii| isa kAla kI eka pramukha vizeSatA jo hameM hanumAnatAla jaina maMdira meM saMrakSita 7 phuTa 4 ica parilakSita hotI hai, vaha hai-kalA meM caubIsa tIrthakaroM UMcI RSabhanAtha kI pratimA atikalApUrNa evaM prabhAvo kI yakSa-yakSiNI ko sthAna pradAna kiyA jaanaa| madhya tpAdaka haiN| pratimA ke aMga pratyaMga sundara evaM suDaula hai kAlIna jaina pratimAoM meM caukI para ATha grahoM kI mastaka para dhugharAle keza AkarSaka haiM / ubhaya skaMdha para AkRti kA aMkana hai jo hinduoM ke nava-grahoM kA hI keza guccha laTaka rahe haiN| anukaraNa hai| dvitIya tIrthakara ajitanAtha kI Asana mudrA meM do madhyakAla meM madhyapradeza meM jaina dharma kI pratimAyeM baha evaM candraprabha, zAMtinAtha, neminAtha kI eka-eka mUrti latA se upalabdha hotI haiN| madhyapradeza ke yazasvI rAja- prApta huI hai| tIrtha kara zAMtinAtha kI eka Asana eka vaMza, kalacuri, paramAroM evaM caMdela narezoM ke kAla meM do sthAnaka mudrA meM prApta pratimAyeM vizeSa ullekhanIya unakI dhArmika sahiSNutA ke phalasvarUpa jaina dharma bhI haiN| bAIsaveM tIrthakara neminAtha kI eka sundara pratimA isa bhU bhAga meM puSpita evaM pallavita huA / bhAratIya dhubelA ke saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita haiN| vivecya yugIna jaina kalA meM madhyapradeza kA yogadAna mahatvapUrNa hai| pArzvanAtha kI pratimAyeM siMhapura (zahaDola), penDrA akhila bhAratIya paramparAoM ke sAtha-sAtha madhyapradeza (bilAsapura) kArItalAI (jabalapura) Adi se upalab kI apanI vizeSatAoM ko bhI yahA~ kI kalA ne ucita huI haiN| mahAvIra kI Asana pratimAoM meM kArItalAI sthAna diyaa| se upalabdha pratimA mahatvapUrNa hai| mahAvIra kI zyAma 20. kArItalAI kI advitIya bhagavAna RSabhanAtha kI pratimAyeM-zivakumAra nAmadeva, anekAMta, akTUbara disambara 19731 21. kalicurI kAlIna bhagavAna zAMtinAtha kI pratimAyeM-zivakumAra nAmadeva, zramaNa, agasta 1972 / 22. dhubelA saMgrahAlaya kI jaina pratimAyeM-zivakumAra nAmadeva, zramaNa-jUna 1974 / 186
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________________ baluA pASANa nirmita kAyotsargAsana kI eka pratimA madhyapradeza ke vizva prasiddha kalA tIrtha khajurAho meM jabalapura se upalabdha huI thI jo samprati philjelaphiyA candela narezoM ke kAla meM nirmita nAgara zailI ke devAmyUjiyama Apha ArTa meM saMgrahIta hai / mUrti meM aMkita laya vAstu vaiziSTya evaM mUrti saMpadA ke kAraNa gauravasiMha ke kAraNa yaha mahAvIra kI jJAta hotI hai| zAlI hai| yahA~ ke jaina maMdiroM meM jina matiyAM pratiSThita haiM aura praveza dvAra tathA rathikAoM meM vividha jaina vivecya Asana evaM sthAnaka pratimAoM ke atirikta deviyA~ / devAlayoM ke lalATa biba meM cakra zvarI yakSI tIrthakaroM kI dvimUrtikAyeM bhI prApta huI haiM / ye bhI pradarzita hai evaM dvAra zAkhAoM tathA rathikAoM meM adhisthAnaka evaM Asana mudrA meM haiN| kArItalAI se prApta kAMzataH anya jaina devI devatA jaise jinoM, vidyAdharoM dvimatikA pratimAyeM rAyapura saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita haiN| zAsana devatAoM Adi kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| vardhamAna kI mAM ne jo solaha svapna dekhe the ve saba jaina devAlayoM kalacuriyUgIna pAzrvanAtha evaM neminAtha kI eka (pArzvanAtha ko chor3akara) ke praveza dvAra para pradarzita mUrtikA samprati philDelaphiyA myUjiyama oNpha ArTa meM haiM / jaina mUrtiyAM prAyaH tIrthaMkaroM kI haiM, jinameM se saMrakSita hai / kRSNa bAdAmI prastara se nirmita dasavIM - vRSama, ajita, sambhava, abhinandana, padmaprabhu, zAMtinAtha sadI kI isa dvimUrtikA meM tIrtha kara eka vaTa vRkSa ke evaM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyA~ adhika haiN|30 nIce kAyotsargAsana meM hai| bundelakhaNDa ke jaina tIrtha ahAra (TIkamagaDha se 12 vivecyayugIna jaina zAsana- deviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ mIla ke prAcIna devAlaya meM bAIsa phuTa ke AkAra kI bahutAyata se prApta huI haiM / ye sthAnaka evaM Asana donoM eka vizAla zilA hai, isI zilA para aThAraha phuTa U~cI taraha kI hai| uparokta varNana se spaSTa hai ki kalacuri bhagavAna zAMtinAtha kI eka kalApUrNa mUrti suzobhita narezoM ke kAla meM nirmita adhikAMza pratimAyeM dasavIM hai| ise paramAdideva candela ke kAla meM saMvat 1237 evaM bArahavIM sadI ke madhya nirmita huI thIM / mUrtiyA~ vi. meM sthApita kiyA gayA thaa| bAyIM ora kI bAraha zAstrIya niyamoM para AdhArita haiN| usa mUrti kalA para / phuTa kI kunthunAtha kI mUrti bhI sundara hai / guptakAlIna mUrtikalA kA prabhAva avazya par3A hai phira bhI kalacuri kAlIna jaina pratimAoM meM kucha rUr3hiyoM kA prayAga nagarasabhA ke saMgrahAlaya meM khajurAho se dRr3hatA pUrvaka pAlana kiyA gayA hai / 23 upalabdha 10 vIM sadI kI nirmita pArzvanAtha kI eka 23. sTailA kemarica-inDiyana skalpacara ina da philDelaphiyA myUjiyama Apha ArTa, pRSTha 82 / 24. kArItalAI kI dvimUrtikA jaina pratimAyeM-zivakumAra nAmadeva, zramaNa, sitambara 1975 / 25. sTalA kamarica-inDiyana skalpacara ina da philDelaphiyA myUjiyama oNpha ArTa, pR. 83 / 26. kalacurI kalA meM jaina zAsana deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM-zivakumAra nAmadeva, zramaNa, agasta 1974 / 27. bhAratIya jana zilpa kalA ko kalacuri narezoM kI dena, zivakumAra nAmadeva, jaina pracAraka, sitambara akTUbara 19741 28. bhAratIya jaina kalA ko kalacuri narezoM kA yogadAna-zivakumAra nAmadeva, anekAMta-agasta 1974 / 29. jana kalA tIrtha-khajurAhoM-zivakumAra nAmadeva, zramaNa, akTUbara 1974 / 30. khajurAho kI advitIya jaina pratimAyeM-zivakumAra nAmadeva, anekAMta, pharavarI 19741 31. khaNDaharoM kA vaibhava-muni kAMtisAgara pR. 246-47 /
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________________ vilakSaNa pratimA saMgrahIta hai / jinake samIkaraNa ke jaina dharma kA Astitva pUrva mauryakAla se lekara AdyAviSaya meM vidvAnoM meM mataikya hai| vadhi niraMtara dRSTigocara hotA hai| pratihAroM ke patana ke pazcAta mAlavA meM paramAroM uttarapradeza meM madhyakAlIna jaina pratimAyeM bahalatA kA rAjya sthApita haA / inake samaya meM jaina dharma se prApta huI hai jo isa pradeza ke vibhinna saMgrahAlayoM meM mAlavA meM apane svaNima kAla meM thaa| bhojapura se tIna devAlayoM evaM yatra-tatra avasthita hai / uttara pradeza ke mIla AzApUrI nAmaka gAMva meM zAMtinAtha kI paramAra- adhikAMza sthaloM se upalabdha jaina pratimAyeM prayAga saMgrahAkAlIna pratimA hai| nimAr3a ke maidAna meM Una nAmaka ke laya meM haiM, yahA~ saMgrahIta RSabhanAtha kI cunAra pASANa avazeSoM meM lagabhaga eka darjana mandira paramAra rAjAoM se nirmita pratimA ullekhanIya hai| saMgrahAlaya meM sthita kI sthApatya kalA ke uttama namune haiN| kendrIya saMgrahAlaya halke hare raMga ke AkarSaka prastara para caturvizatiiMdaura meM paramAra yugIna tIrtha karoM kI lekhayukta prati- paTTa utkIrNa hai / pratimAoM kA aMga vinyAsa svAbhAvika mAyeM haiN| hai, yaha 13vIM sadI kI kRti hai| pUrva madhya evaM madhyakAla meM jaina kalAkRtiyA~ nagara sabhA saMgrahAlaya ke udyAna kUpa ke nikaTa eka madhyapradeza ke vibhinna bhUbhAgoM se upalabdha hotI haiN| choTe se chappara meM ambikA debI utkIrNa hai| isakA murainA ke siMhoniyA, paDhAvalI, gunA ke tirAhI evaM parikara na kevala jaina zilpa sthApatya kalA kA samujjaindaura, pannA ke TUDA grAma, sivanI meM ghaMsaura evaM vala pratIka hai, apitu bhAratIya zilpa sthApatya kalA meM barahaTA, gvAliyara ke nikaTa murAra, nAgauda evaM jaso janoM kI maulika dena hai| pratimA kA kAla 12-13vIM ke atirikta dakSiNa kauzala ke anekoM sthala jaina zilpa sadI ke madhya kA jJAta hotA hai| uttarapradeza ke vibhinna kalA se bhare par3e haiN| mAlava bhUmi ke sA~cI, dhAra, sthaloM se jaina yakSI padamAvatI kI pratimAyeM upalabdha dazapura, badanAvara, kAnavana, bar3anagara, ujjaina, jAvarA, haI haiN| bar3avAnI Adi aise kalA kendra haiM, yahA~ brAhmaNa dharma kI pratimAoM ke sAtha-sAtha jaina matiyA~ saMrakSita haiN| uttara pradeza ke gorakhapura jile ke khuravandogrAma meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI prAcIna mUrti sthApita hai| uparokta varNana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ati jhA~sI jile ke caMderI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI lAvavyaprAdhyakAla se hI madhyapradeza ke vibhinna bhUbhAgoM meM mayI pratimA AbhA se paripUrNa hai / isake atirikta 32. madhyapradeza meM jaina dharma evaM kalA-zivakumAra nAmadeva, sanmati saMdeza, apraila-maI 19751 33. jaina dharma evaM ujjayinI-zivakumAra nAmadeva, sanmati vANI, julAI 19751 34. bhAratIya jaina kalA ko madhyapradeza kI dena--zivakumAra nAmadeva, sanmati vANI, maI-jUna 19751 35. khaNDaharoM kA vaibhaba-muni kAMti sAgara, pha. 232 evaM aage| 36. khaNDaharoM kA vaibhava-muni kAMtisAgara pRSTha 250-253 1 37. uttara bhArata meM jaina yakSI padamAvatI kA pratimA nirUpaNa-mArutinaMdana prasAda tivArI, anekAMta agasta 19741 188
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________________ mahAvIra kI pratimAyeM ilAhAbAda meM sthita paphosA, Adi meM hai| inake atirikta jaina devAlaya lakUNDI devagar3ha ke mandira kramAMka 21 Adi meM surakSita haiM / (lokiguNDI), baMkapura, belagAma, halzI, balligabe, jalaguNDa Adi meM haiM / ye devAlaya vibhinna deva pratimAoM zrAvastI ke pazcimI bhAga meM jaina avazeSa pracura se vibhaSita haiN| isa kAla kI vahatAkAra pratimAye mAtrA meM milate haiN| yahIM para bhagavAna saMbhavanAtha kA zrAvaNabelagola, kArkala evaM venUra meM sthApita hai| jIrNa-zIrNa mandira hai / yahA~ para anekoM pratimAyeM utkIrNa haiN| jilA goMDA ke mahaMta se AdinAtha kI karnATaka meM padamAvatI sarvAdhika lokapriya yakSI eka sundara pratimA upalabdha haI hai| padamAsana ke nIce rahI haiM / yadyapi padmAvatI kA saMpradAya kAphI prAcIna do siMha aura vRSama haiN| Asana ke nIce kamala hai jisa rahA hai: parantu 10vIM zatI ke bAda ke abhilekhIya para AdinAtha padamAsana para baiThe haiN| hadaya para dharma sAkSyoM meM niraMtara padmAvatI kA ullekha prApta hotA cakra banA hai / mastaka ke pIche prabhAmaNDala evaM tIna hai / kannaDa kSetra meM prApta pArzvanAtha mUrti (10vIMchatroM vAlA chatra hai| sabhI ora aneka tIrthakara 11vIM sadI) meM eka sarpaphaNa se yukta padamAvatI kI dhyAna magna haiM / 40 barelI jile ke ahicchatra se anekoM do bhujAoM meM padama evaM abhaya pradarzita hai| kannaDa jaina pratimAyeM upalabdha huI haiM / yahAM se upalabdha pArzva- zodha saMsthAna saMgrahAlaya kI pArzva mUrti meM caturbhuja nAtha kI eka sAtizaya pratimA harita pannA kI padmAsana padmAvatI, padama, pAza, gadA yA aMkuza evaM phala dhAraNa mudrA meM virAjamAna hai / pratimA atyanta saumya evaM karatI haiM / isI saMgrahAlaya meM caturbhujI padmAvatI kI prabhAvaka hai| mUrti ke nIce siMhAsana ke pITha ke sAmane lalitAsana mudrA meM do svatantra mUrtiyA~ haiN| bAdAmI kI vAle bhAga meM 24 tIrthakara pratimAyeM utkIrNa haiN| guphA pA~ca, ke samakSa kI dIvAra para lalita mudrA meM AsIna caturbhujI yakSI AmUrtita hai / Asana ke nIce karnATaka meM jaina dharma kA astitva prathama sadI I. vAhana sambhavataH haMsa hai| sarpaphaNoM se vihIna yakSI ke pU. se 11vIM sadI I. taka jJAta hotA hai / hoyazala karoM meM abhaya, aMkuza pAza evaM phala pradarzita haiM / padmA vaMzI nareza isa mata ke prabala samarthaka the / pUrvakAlIna vatI kI tIna caturbhujI karnATaka se prApta pratimAyeM jaina devAlaya evaM guphAyeM aihola, bAdAmI evaM paTTaDakala priMsa oNpha velsa myujiyama bambaI meM saMrakSita hai / 38. bhAratIya purAtatva evaM kalA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra-zivakumAra nAmadeva, zramaNa, navambara-disambara 19741 39. jaina tIrtha zrAvastI-paM. balabhadra jaina-anekAMta, jUlAI-agasta 1973 / 40. bhAratIya pratIka vidyA-janArdana mizra, citra saMkhyA 791 41. ahicchatra-zrI balibhadra, jaina, anekAMta, akTUbara-disambara 1973 / 42. jainijma ina sAutha inDiyA-desAI, pI. vI. pRSTha 163 / / 43. noTsa oNna TU jaina meNTala imejeja-hADave, DablyU esa, rUpama, aMka 17, janavarI 1924, pR. 48 / 44. gAiDa TU da kannaDa risarca insaTITyUTa myujhiyama dhAravAr3a -1958 pR. 19 / 45. jaina yakSAja aiNDa pakSiNIja-sAMkaliyA, kaleTina Dekkana kaoNleja risarca insTITyUTa, khaNDa 9, 1940 pRSTha 1691 46. vahI pRSTha 158-1591 189
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________________ karnATaka meM gommaTa kI aneka mUrtiyA~ haiM / cAlukyoM zrI padmaprabhu svAmI kI pratimA hai| isI sthala ke eka ke kAla meM nirmita I. san 650 kI gommaTa kI eka madira meM RSabhanAtha kI pAMca pratimAyeM haiN| jinameM do pratimA bIjApura jile ke bAdAmI meM hai / talakADu ke gaMga caubIsa tIrthakaroM kI pratimA parisara yukta haiN| rAjAoM ke zAsana kAla meM gaMga rAjA rAyamalla satya ur3IsA kI khaNDa giri kI navamuni evaM bArabhujI vAkya ke senApati va mantrI cAmuNDarAja dvArA velagola guphAoM (8vIM-9vIM sadI) ke sAmUhika aMkanoM meM bhI meM I. sana 982 meM sthApita vizva prasiddha gommaTa mUrti pArzvanAtha ke sAtha padamAvatI AmUtita hai| navamuni hai| gommaTa girI meM bhI 14 phuTa U~cI eka gommaTa gRphAoM meM pArzva ke sAtha utkINita dvibhUjI yakSI mUrti hai / isake atirikta hosakoTe hallI, kArkala evaM lalitamudrA meM padamAsana para virAjamAna hai / 40 bArabhujI veNura meM paitIsa phuTa U~cI pratimA hai / guphA meM pArzva ke sAtha pAMca sarpaphaNoM se maMDita aSTabhujI baMgAla48 meM jaina dharma kA Astitva prAcIna kAla se padmAvatI hai| purI jile se upalabdha AdinAtha kI hI rahA hai| yahA~ ke dharApAta ke eka pratimA vihIna eka sthAnaka pratimA iMDiyana myUjiyama kalakattA kI devAlaya ke tInoM ora ke tAkoM meM vizAla pratimAyeM nidhi hai| 60 virAjita thIM jinameM pRSTha bhAga vAlI meM RSamadeva, tAmilanADu se bhI jaina dharma se sambaMdhita anekoM vAmapakSa se pradakSiNA karate prathama zAMtinAtha aura anta pratimAyeM upalabdha haI haiN| kalagumalAI se caturbhujI meM tIsare Ale meM jainetara mUrtiyA~ haiN| ye sambhavataH 8vIM SadamAvatI ko lalita mudrA meM (10 vIM-11 vIM sadI) sadI kI haiN| bahulArA nAmaka sthala ke eka mandira ke mUrti prApta huI hai| zIrSa bhAga meM sarpaphaNa se maMDita sAmane vedI para tIna pratimAyeM haiM / madhyavartI pratimA yakSI, phala, sarpa, aMkuza evaM pAza dhAraNa karatI haiM / 1 bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI haiM jo aSTa pratihArya aura madurA tAmilanADu kA mahatvapUrNa nagara hai| yahAM para dharaNendra-padamAvatI se yukta hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI jaina saMskRti kI gaurava garimA meM abhivaddhi karane vAlI pratimA ke nimna bhAga meM dharaNendra-padamAvatI hai aura kalAtmaka sAmagrI kA pracura parimANa vidyamAna haiN| mati nirmANaka dampatti bhI hai| bAMkuDA jile ke hI hADamAsarA grAma ke jaMgala meM eka pArzvanAtha pratimA hai| bihAra pradeza se upalabdha anekoM pratimAyeM paTanA aMbikAnagara meM sthita aMbikA devI ke maMdira ke pRSTha saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita haiN| saMgrahAlaya meM causA ke bhAga meM avasthita eka jaina madira meM saparikara RSabha- zAhAbAda se prApta jaina dhAtu mUrtiyAM surakSita haiM / nAtha kI pratimA hai| pAkabeDarA meM anekoM pratimAyeM RSabhanAtha kI pratimA kAyotsarga sthiti meM kaMdhe para saMrakSita haiN| inameM 7 phuTa U~cI khar3agAsana sthita bikhare bAla tathA laMbI bhujAoM ke sAtha banAI gaI thiiN| 47. karnATaka kI gommaTa mUrtiyAM-AcArya paM. ke. bhujabala zAstrI, anekAMta, agasta 1972 / 48. baMgAla ke jaina purAtatva kI zodha meM pAMca dina-bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, anekAMta, julAI-agasta 19731 49 zAsana devIja ina da khaNDagiri kebasa-mitrA devala, jarnala eziyATika sosAyaTI (baMgAla) khaNTa / aMka 2, 1959, 4.-139 / 50. sTeDIja ina jaina ArTa-yU. pI. zAha, AkRti 36 / 51. jainijma ina sAutha inDiyA-pI. bI. desAI, pa. 651 160 .in
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________________ pArzvanAtha kI dhAtu pratimA kAyotsarga tathA pIche sarpa phaNa ke sAtha hai / yahAM se upalabdha dhAtu pratimAyeM kamalAsana para khar3I haiM / rAjagraha nivAsI kanhaiyAlAlajI zrImAla ke saMgraha meM eka prastara paTTikA hai / isake nimna bhAga meM mahAbIra kI pratimA hai / Upara ke eka bhAga meM bhAva zilpa hai jisakA sambandha mahAvIra se jJAta hotA 52 nAlaMdA se upalabdha evaM nAlaMdA saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita lalita mudrA meM padma para virAjamAna caturbhujI devI ke mastaka para pAMca sarpaphaNa pradarzita haiM / devI kI bhujAoM meM phala, khar3aga, parazu evaM cinamudrA meM padamAsana kA sparza karatI devI kI bhujA meM padma nAlikA bhI sthita hai / 3 kevala sarpaphaNa se hI isakA samIkaraNa padamAvatI se karanA ucita nahIM hai / rAjasthAna ke osiyA 54 nAmaka sthala meM mahAvIra kA eka prAcIna maMdira hai / yaha 9 vIM sadI kI racanA hai / maMdira meM virAjamAna mahAvIra kI eka vizAlakAya mUrti hai / isI sthala se pArzvanAtha kI eka dhAtu pratimA upalabdha huI thI jo samprati kalakattA ke eka maMdira meM hai / isa devAlaya ke mukhamaNDala ke UparI chajje para padmAvatI kI pratimA utkIrNa hai / kukkuTa - sarpa para virAjamAna dvibhuja yakSI kI dAhinI bhujA meM sarpa aura arat meM phala sthita hai / spaSTa hai ki padmAvatI ke sAtha 8vIM sadI meM hI vAhana kukkuTa sarpa evaM bhujA meM sarpa ko sambaddha kiyA jA cukA thA / gyAravIM sadI kI eka aSTabhuja padmAvatI kI pratimA rAjasthAna ke alavara jile meM sthita jhAlarapATTana ke jaina maMdira kI dakSiNI vedikA baMdha para utkIrNa hai / lalita mudrA meM maTTAsana para virAjamAna yakSI kI bhujAoM meM varada, vajra, padmakalikA, kRpANa, kheTaka, ghaNTa evaM phala pradarzita hai / vimalazAha gujarAta ke pratApI nareza bhImadeva ke maMtrI the / inhoMne gyArahavIM sadI meM vimalavasahI kA nirmANa karAyA thA / isake gur3hamaNDapa ke dakSiNI dvAra para caturbhujI padmAvatI kI AkRti utkIrNa hai / vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 49 ke maNDapa vitAna para utkIrNa SoDazabhujI devI kI sambhAvita pahacAna mahAvidyA vairoTyA evaM yakSIM padmAvatI donoM hI se kI jA sakatI hai / sarpa ke saptakaNoM kA maNDana jahAM devI padmAvatI kI pahacAna kA samIkaraNa karatA hai, vahIM kukkuTa sarpa ke sthAna para vAhana ke rUpa meM nAga kA citraNa evaM bhujAoM meM sarpa kA pradarzana mahAvidyA vaidyA se pahacAna kA AdhAra prastuta karatA hai / jayapura ke nikaTa cAMdanagAMva eka atizaya kSetra hai / "yahAM mahAvIra jI ke vizAla maMdira meM mahAvIra kI bhavya sundara mUrti hai / jodhapura ke nikaTa gaoNdhANI tIrtha meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI dhAtu mUrti 937 I. ko hai / bUMdI "" se 20 varSa pahale kucha pratimAyeM prApta huI thIM / unameM se tIna ahicchatra le jAkara sthApita kI gaI haiN| tInoM kA raMga halkA katthaI hai, eyaM tInoM zilApaTTa para utkIrNa haiM / eka para pArzvanAtha utkIrNa haiM | cauhAna jAti kI eka upa-zAkhA devar3A ke zAsakoM kI bhUtapUrva rAjadhAnI sirohI kI bhaugolika sImAoM meM sthita delavADA ke hindU evaM jaina maMdira prasiddha haiM / 52, khaNDaharoM kA vaibhava - muni kAMtisAgara, pR. 126 / 53. ArkiyAlAjIkala sarve Apha inDiyA, ainuala riporTa 1930-34, bhAga 2, phalaka 68, citra bI / 54. osiyA kA prAcIna mahAvIra mandira - agaracanda jaina nAhaTA, anekAMta, maI 1974 55. khaNDaharoM kA vaibhava - muni kAMtisAgara - pR. 71 / 56. ahicchatra - zrI balibhadra jaina, anekAMta, akTUbara-disambara 1973 / 161
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________________ dilavADA ke pAMca jaina mandira zveta sagamaramara se nirmita pratimAyeM haiN| racanA zelI kI dRSTi se ye 13vIM sadI hai| vimalazAha kA mandira jisakA nirmANa 1030 I. kI jJAta hotI haiN| meM tathA vastupAla evaM tejapAla ke mandira 1231 I. meM banavAye gaye the| vimalazAha ke mandira meM jaina tIrtha kara gajarAta jaina zilpakalA kI daSTi se samaddha rAjya AdinAtha aura anya do maMdiroM meM neminAtha jI kI hai| gujarAta ke cAlukya rAjAoM ke kAla meM aneka matiyA~ haiN| sAdar3I se 14 mIla dUra arAvalI kI jena madiroM kA nirmANa huaa| gujarAta ke banAsakAMThA pahAr3I Tekar3I meM rANApura (rANApura) ke maMdiroM meM jile meM sthita kumAriyA 57 eka prAcIna jaina tIrtha hai / nemInAtha, AdinAtha evaM pArzvanAtha ke mandira pramukha haiN| yahAM pAMca zvetAmbarIya, zveta saMgamaramara se nirmita jaina yahAM ke AdinAtha mandira meM RSabhadeba kI vizAla maMdira haiN| inameM mahAvIra kA maMdira sabase prAcIna evaM padamAsana mUrti atyanta manojJa evaM AkarSaka hai kula bhavya hai| mUlanAyaka ke atirikta gUTamaMDapa meM parikara milAkara vediyoM meM 425 mUrtiyAM haiN| isI prakAra nemi- yukta do anya kAyotsargAsana kI pratimAyeM haiN| kalApUrNa nAtha evaM pArzvanAtha mandira meM anekoM jaina pratimAyeM haiN| koraNIyukta raMga maDapa ke dUsare bhAgoM kI chata meM AbU ke vimalavarAhI jaise jaina caritroM ke vibhinna drazya hai| mahArASTra pradeza meM bhI jaina pratimAyeM bahusaMkhyA meM gar3ha maNDapa meM do vizAla kAyotgarga mUrtiyA~-zAMtinAtha upalabdha hotI haiN| digaMbara kendra elorA (9vIM sadI) evaM ajitanAtha kI haiM / zvetAmbara paraMparA kA nirvAha kI guphAyeM tIrtha kara pratimAoM se bharI par3I haiM / choTA karane vAlI bArahavIM sadI kI do caturbhuja padamAvatI kailAsa gahA saMkhyA 30) meM RSabhanAtha, pArzvanAtha tathA kI pratimAyeM kUmAriyA ke neminAtha mandira kI pazcimI mahAbIra kI baiThI pASANa mUrtiyAM padamAsana evaM dhyAna devakulikA kI vAhya bhiti para utkIrNa hai / 8 gujarAta madA meM hai| pratyeka tIrthakara ke pAvaM meM cAMvara dhAraNa ke anya mandiroM meM zAMtinAtha, kubhezvara, saMbhavanAtha kiye yakSa tathA gaMdharva haiN| RSabhanAtha ke kaMdhe para keza Adi mukhya haiM / gujarAta ke baDanagara meM cAlukya nareza vikhare haiN| pAzvanAtha ke sira para sAta sarpaphaNa haiM / mUlarAja (642-997 I.) ke kAla kA AdinAtha sihAsana para baiThe mahAvIra kI pratimA ke UparI bhAga meM manbira hai / mandira ke devakUlikAoM meM AdinAtha kI chatradIkha paDatA hai| elorA kI 30 se 34 kramAMka yakSayakSiNI aMkita haiM / yahIM para cakra zvarI kI bhI taka kI guphAyeM jaina dharma se sambandhita haiN| indrasabhA pratimA hai| gukA (saMkhyA 33) kI uttarIya dIvAra para pArzvanAtha, dakSiNa pArzva meM gommaTezvara-bAhavali ke atirikta uparokta varNana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mahAvIra evaM anya tIrthakara mUrtiyAM haiN| jagannAtha guphA bhAratIya zilpakalA ke vikAsa meM jaina zilpakalA ke barANDA meM pAzrvanAtha tathA mahAvIra ke atirikta kA bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| bhArata kI prAcIna saMskRti stara para caubIsa tIrthakaroM kI choTI-choTI mUrtiyAM ko jAnane ke liye jaina zilpakalA kA adhyayana haiN| elorA kI eka guphA meM aMbikA kI mAnava kada Avazyaka hai| bhinna-bhinna kAloM aura DhaMgoM para banI pratimA hai| mUrtiyoM se mUnikalA ke vikAsa para gaharA prakAza par3atA hai| ye isake atirikta vibhinna kAlIna yogiyoM ke Asana aMkAI-taMkAI meM jainoM kI sAta guphAye haiN| ye choTI mudrA, keza aura pratihAryoM para bhI kAphI prakAza DAlatI hote hA bhI zilpa kalApekSayA atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiN| haiN| ina mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se bhAratIya logoM kI tIsarI gaphA ke chora para indra aura indrANI haiN| isake vezabhUSA Adi kA jJAna hotA hai / atirikta zAMtinAtha, pArzvanAtha evaM gavAkSa meM jina 57. bhAriyA kA mahAvIra mandira-zrI harIharasiMha, zramaNa, navambara-disambara 1974, kubhAriyA kA kalA / pUrNa mahAvIra mandira-zrI agaracanda nAhaTA, zramaNa apraila 19741 58. brIpha sarve Apha da AikanogrAphika DaiTA eTa bhAriyA-nArtha gujarAta, sambodhi, khaNDa 2, aka 1, apraila 1973, pR. 131 162