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________________ bhAratIya sAhitya meM jaina vAGmaya kA sthAna | (DaoN. paMDita zrI viSNukAnta) bhAratIya vAGmaya kI dhArA aneka rUpoM, aneka bhASAoM meM ajasra rUpa se pravAhita hotI huI ananta kAla se vizva meM 'apanA apratima sthAna banAe hue hai / ' aneka mata, saMpradAya aura dharmoM ke saMpUrNa sAhitya kA hastalikhita aura aprakAzita bhaNDAra anumAna se bhI kahIM adhika hai / bhAratIya manISA vijJApana se dUra rahI hai, taTasthatA aura adhyavasAya se use prema rahA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki aneka vizvavizruta lekhaka - kavi AcArya ekAMta sAdhanA meM to lIna rahe, kiMtu apane viSaya meM khulakara kucha bhI kaha nahIM sake / videzI lekhaka - itihAsakAroM ne unake viSaya meM jo kucha likhA, usakI sImA IsA pUrva aura IsA ke pazcAt kI sImAoM ke AsapAsa hI milatI hai / (yadyapi isa samaya-sImA se sahamati sabhI sthaloM para honA Avazyaka nahIM hai|) bhArata meM itihAsa lekhana kI paraMparA bahuta prAcIna nahIM rhii| saMskRta prAkRta-pAli-apabhraMza aura hiMdI ke sAhitya itihAsa graMthoM kI saMkhyA Aja bhI sImita hI hai / jaina sAhitya ke prati saMskRtaitihAsakAroM kI AraMbhika dRSTi udAsInatA ko pUrNataH choDa nahIM pAyI / isameM yA to unakI anveSaka buddhi kI maMtharagati kAraNa ho sakatI hai, yA phira "hastinA tADyamAno'pi" ... jaisI saMkIrNa uktiyA~ kAraNa ho sakatI haiM / dharma ko lekara apane deza meM bhI anAcAra kama nahIM hue / ho sakatA hai usI dharmAndhatA ne una lekhakoM ko jaina-sAhitya ke pracAra-prasAra kI ora na jAne diyA ho| pichale cAra-pA~ca dazakoM meM jaina dharma, darzana aura sAhitya kA paricaya aneka saMsthAoM aura prakAzanoM ke mAdhyama se logoM taka pahu~cA hai / aura una graMthoM se hI jaina sAhitya kI akSuNNa paraMparA kI sUcanA milatI hai / isa prakAzita sAhitya ke atirikta aneka graMtha hastalikhita rUpa meM vividha graMtha bhaNDAroM meM rakhe hue haiM / vastutaH bhAratIya vAGmaya kI pUrNatA jaina sAhitya ke binA mAnI hI nahIM jA sakatI / yahA~ jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta paricaya dekara apanI bAta spaSTa karanA cAheMge / suvidhA kI dRSTi se jaina sAhitya ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai :- dharma-darzana viSayaka Agama sAhitya aura Agametara sAhitya | Agama sAhitya meM dhArmika upadeza, karma sAhitya, AcAra, tatva vicAra, jJAnamImAMsA, darzana Adi para vistArapUrvaka aura spaSTarUpa se vicAra prastuta kiye gaye haiN| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, jainAzrama, hiMduyunivarsiTI vArANasI dvArA prakAzita sAhitya isa dRSTi se acchI pahala hai / "jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa" (paMDita paramAnaMda zAstrI dvArA likhita) samagra rUpa meM jaina dharma aura sAhitya kI sUcanA dene vAlA graMtha hai| Agametara sAhitya kI dRSTi se jaina sAhitya kA bhaNDAra kisI bhI sAhitya kI tulanA meM heya nahIM hai / mahAkAvya, purANa evaM paurANika mahAkAvya, gadya kAvya, caMpU kAvya, kathAkAvya - kisI bhI vidyA meM jaina sAhitya pIche nahIM rahA / saMskRta prAkRta, evaM apabhraMza tInoM bhASAoM meM abAdha gati se jaina lekhakoM ne likhA hai / Adhunika kAla meM bhI jaina sAhitya likhA jA rahA hai| karAmakAvya evaM kRSNakAvya paraMparA meM jaina sAhitya kA amUlya yogadAna rahA hai / vimalasUrikI paraMparA meM unakA 'paumacariya' (prAkRta, jaina mahArASTrI) raviSeNa kA 'padmapurANa' yA 'padmacarita' zIlAcAryakRta 'caupannamahApurisacariya' ke aMtargata 'rAmalakkhaNacariya' bhadrezvarakRta kahAvalI ke aMtargata 'rAmAyaNam' bhuvanatuMga sUrikRta 'sIyA cariya' tathA 'rAmalakkhaNacariya' hemacaMdrakRta 'triSaSThIzalAkApuruSacarita' ke aMtargata "jaina rAmAyaNa" hemacaMdrakRta 'yogazAstra kI TIkA' ke aMtargata "sItArAvaNakathAnakam" jinadAsakRta "rAmAyaNa" athavA "rAmadevapurAna" padmadeva vijayagaNikRta 'rAmacarita' somase nakRta 'rAmacarita' AcArya somaprabhakRta, 'laghutriSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita' pramukha hai / apabhraMza meM svayaMbhUdeva kRta 'paumacariu' athavA "rAmAyaNa purANa" aura raidhUkRta 'padma purANa' (athavA balabhadrapurANa), kannaDa meM nAgacaMdra (abhinavapampa) kRta "pamparAmAyaNa" athavA "rAmacaMdracaritapurANa' kumudendukRta "rAmAyaNa" devappakRta 'rAmavijaya carita' devacaMdrakRta 'rAmakathAvatAra' caMdrasAgaravarNIkRta 'jinarAmAyaNa' pramukha haiN| guNabhadra kI paraMparA meM unake 'uttarapurANa' kRSNadAsa kavikRta 'puNyacaMdrodayapurANa' apabhraMza meM puSpadaMtakRta "tisaDhImahApurisaguNAlaMkAra' kannaDa meM cAmuMDarAyakRta 'tisaSTizalAkA puruSapurANa' baMdhuvarmAkRta 'jIvana saMbodhana' nAgarAjakRta 'puNyAzravakathAsAra' ke nAma liye jA sakate haiN| yadyapi yaha nirvivAda hai ki rAmakathA (bhAratIya saMskRta sAhitya meM) sarvaprathama vAlmIki dvArA nibaddha kI gayI, kiMtu uparyukta jaina kaviyoM dvArA isakA vistAra huA aura AcArya raviseNane 'padmapurANa' likhakara Age AnevAlI kaviparaMparA ko prabhAvita kiyA hai / DaoN. ramAkAnta zukla ne 'padmapurANa aura rAmacaritamAnasa' kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karate hue aneka biMduoM para vicAra kiyA hai aura tulasIko 'kvacidanyato'pi' ke prakAza meM raviSeNa se prabhAvita mAnA hai| yahI nahIM Age calakara bIsavIM zatAbdI meM hiMdI kavi maithilIzaraNagupta ke sAketa para bhI (sulocanA prasaMga meM) raviSeNa kA prabhAva dIkha par3atA hai| kRSNakAvya paraMparA meM jaina sAhitya kA sthAna stutya rahA hai| kRSNacarita saMbaMdhI Agamika kRtiyoM . 'samavAyAMga sUtra', jJAtRdharmakathA, zrImad jayantasenasUri abhinandana graMtha / vizleSaNa (110) avasara ko samajhA nahIM, kiyA na usa kA jJAna / jayantasena gayA samaya, kabhI na AtA jAna || Jain Education Intemational
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________________ 'antakaddazA', praznavyAkaraNa, "nirayAvatikA" aura uttarAdhyayana, aura padyakAvya viSayaka sUcanA bhI Adhunika itihAsa graMthoM meM ke atirikta Agametara kRtiyoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai :- milane lagI hai / Ayurveda, koSa, vyAkaraNa, alaMkAra zAstradarzana para saMghadAsagaNi-dharmadAsagaNikRta 'vasudevahiNDI' (prAkRta, pA~cavIM bhI jaina sAhityakAroM ke yogadAna avismaraNIya haiN| bhI zatAbdI) AcArya jinasenakRta "harivaMzapurANa (saMskRta, AThavIM rA apabhraMza sAhitya meM mahAkAvya, khaMDakAvya, muktaka, gadya evaM zatAbdI) svayaMbhUkRta 'riTThaNemicariu' (apabhraMza, AThavIM zatAbdI) kathA sAhitya ke lie DaoN. harivaMza kochaDa kA 'apabhraMza-sAhitya' guNabhadrakRta 'uttarapurANa' (mahApurANa) (saMskRta, navIM zatAbdI) draSTavya hai / 'bhAratIya jJAnapITha' dvArA prakAzita "bhAratIya jyotiSa" puSpadaMtakRta 'tisaTThI mahApurIsaguNAlaMkAra' (apabhraMza, dasavIM zatAbdI) meM jaina lekhakoM kA yogadAna spaSTa hai / mAnasAgara dvArA racita mahAsena AcAryakRta 'pradyumnacarita' (saMskRta, dasavIM zatAbdI) __ "mAnasAgarI" jyotiSa kA apUrvagraMtha haiM, jise sabhI jyotiSAcArya AcAryasomakIrti viracita 'pradyumnacarita' (saMskRta dasavIM zatAbdI) sammAna dete haiN| ' .. hemacaMdrAcAryakRta" tripaSTizalAkA puruSa carita (saMskRta, gyArahavIM Adhunika yuga meM vyAkaraNa, darzana, koSa jyotiSa Adi zatAbdI) dhavalakRta 'harivaMzapurANa' (apabhraMza, 11 vIM zatAbdI) viSayoM para yadyapi bahuta hI kama likhA jA rahA hai tathApi kAvya ke dAmodarakRta 'NomiNAhacariu' (apabhraMza 13vIM zatAbdI) deveMdrasUrikRta kSetra meM lekhanI avirAma gati se cala rahI hai| prasannatA kI bAta hai 'kaNhacariya (prAkRta 13vIM zatAbdI) yazaH kIrtiviracita - ki hiMdI aura aMgrejI bhASA meM vipula sAhitya kA prakAzana hone 'hAravazapurANa' eva pADavapurANa (apabhraza padrahavA zatAbdA) lagA hai / aneka zodha patrikA isa kSetra meM sAhitya kI sevA kara lakhamadevakRta 'neminAhacariu (apabhraMza 15vIM zatAbdI uttarArdha (lipikAla) zrutakIrti viracita 'harivaMzapurANa' (apabhraMza lipikAla 15vIM zatAbdI uttarAdha) kavisiMhakRta 'pajjuNNacariu' pratilipikAla 1988 meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA prakAzita AcArya vidyAsAgara 15vIM zatAbdI, aMtimadazaka) raidhUkRta 'nemiNAhacariu' (apabhraMza, kA 'mUkamATI' hiMdI mahAkAvya apane prakAra kA eka anUThA solahavIM zatAbdI) zubhacaMdrakRta 'pAMDavapurANa' (saMskRta), brahmajinadAsa mahAkAvya hai| aura brahmanemidattakRta 'harivaMzapurANa' ralacaMdragaNikRta 'pradyumnacarita' ma prastuta lekha meM sUcanAmAtra hI prastuta kI gayI hai | jaina devaprabhasUrikRta' pAMDavapurANa (sabhI 16vIM se 19vIM zatAbdI ke AgamasAhitya aura Agametara sAhitya kA sAMgopAMga vivecana aura madhya prasiddha haiM / ) vivaraNa lekha kI sImA meM samA pAnA asaMbhava hai / abhI harivaMzapurANa aura sUrasAgara ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke AvazyakatA hai zodha aura anveSaNa kI / zAstrabhaMDAroM meM zatAbdiyoM avasara para zAstrabhaMDAroM meM jAne kA avasara mujhe milA hai / se rakhe cale A rahe graMthoM kI pUrI anukramaNikAoM ko vistAra dene rAjasthAna ke zAstra bhaMDAroM meM aneka graMthoM kI nAmAvalI se kucha kI AvazyakatA hai | sAhitya ke kSetra meM saMkoca yA saMkIrNatA hiMdI ke nAma bhI draSTavya haiM / (ye sabhI racanAe~ terahavIM zatAbdI se tyAjya hotI hai / tabhI to sAhitya apane vAstavika artha meM sabhI bIsavIM zatAbdI ke madhya likhI/lipibaddha kI gayI haiM / ) : kA hita kara pAyegA / jaina sAhitya ralAkara hai, isameM gotA lagAne vAle kI kSamatA para phala aura ratna kI prApti nirbhara hai| sumatigaNikRta 'neminAtharAsa' kavi delhaNa (daveMdrasUri) kRta 'gayasukumAla rAsa' kavi saccArUkRta 'pradyumnacarita' somasundarasUrikRta aMta meM yaha niHsaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki rasa alaMkAra 'raMgasAgaranemiphAgu' dhanadevagaNikRta "suraMgAbhidhanemiphAgu" chaMda, kAvyabheda, darzana, dharmazAstra, saMgIta, koSa, kathA, padya, gadya, brahmajinadAsakRta harivaMzapurANa jayazekharasUrikRta 'neminAthakAgu' caMpU anekArtha kAvya, purANa, mahAkAvya, khaMDakAvya, hiMdI, saMskRta, kavizodhIkRta 'balibhadracaupAI' munipuNyaratanakRta "neminAtharAsa" prAkRta, apabhraMza, kannaDa Adi bhASAoM ke rUpa meM jaina sAhitya ne brahmarAyamallakRta 'balabhadrabeli' zAlivAhana kRta 'harivaMzapurANa' bhAratIya vAGmaya ke aMgaprasaMga ko zakti dI hai, use puSTa kiyA nareMdrakIrtikRta 'nemizvara candrAyaNa' kanakakIrtikRta 'neminAtha rAsa' hai / kahIM kahIM to jaina darzana kA 'ahiMsAvAda' bhArata hI nahIM deveMdrakIrtikRta 'padyumnabandha' munikesara sAgarakRta 'neminAtharAsa' vizva sAhitya meM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatA pratIta hotA hai|" bulAkIdAsa kRta 'pAMDavapurANa' nemicaMdrakRta 'nemIzvararAsa' vaidikI hiMsA hiMsA na bhavati" jaise vAkyoM ke sAmane jaina ahiMsA ajayarAjapArasIkRta 'neminAtha caritra' khuzAlacandakAlAkRta kI vijaya vaijayantI Aja bhI alaga 'harivaMzapurANa' tathA uttarapurANa jayamalakRta 'neminAtha caritra' hI phaharatI huI dikhAI par3atI hai / ratanabhAnukRta 'neminAtharAsa' vijayadevasUrikRta nemanAtharAsa manaraMgalAla samagrataH jaina sAhitya ke binA pallIvAlakRta 'nemacandrikA' mannAlAlakRta 'pradyumnacarita' municauthamalakRta bhAratIya sAhitya kI pUrNatA kI 'bhagavAnaneminAtha aura puruSottama kRSNa (prakAzita) / upalabdha kalpanA gagana - kusumAvacaya ke purANa sAhitya kI sUcI paM. paramAnaMda zAstrIne apane itihAsa meM dI samAna hai| hai / isake atirikta mahAkAvyoM kA paricaya "saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa" meM DaoN. vAcaspati gairolA ne prastuta kiyA / gadyakAvya zrImad jayantasenasUri abhinandana graMtha / vizleSaNa (111) khAte-khAte dina gayA, sote-sote rAta / jayantasena manana karo, kyA rahanA nija hAtha / /