Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 14...++++ ++++ +++++.. + + ++++ ++ + + + ++ ++ + + + + + + + ++++ + ++ ++ + +++++ ++ + + + ++++++ ++ bhAratIya sAdhanA-paddhati meM gurutattva kA mahatva -DA0 na0 ci0 jogalakara, (pUnA) pAramArthika jIvana ke vikAsa ke lie sadguru tattva kI asIma AvazyakatA hai| sadguru ke antaHkaraNa meM paramAtmatattva kA divya prakAza vidyamAna rahatA hai jisase vaha ziSyoM ke antaHkaraNa meM ajJAna andhakAra ko dUra karane meM sakSama hotA hai| binA sadguru ke patha-pradarzana ke vikAsa saMbhava nahIM / je. kRSNamUrti jaise Adhunika cintakoM kA yaha bhI mantavya hai ki AtmajJAna prApti hetu guru kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| kintu yaha kayana eka dRSTi taka hI sImita hai / sAmAjika viSamatA aura rAjanIti ke duzcakroM ke kAraNa mAnava-jIvana meM azAMti, matsara, dveSa, saMgharSa ke bAdala umar3a-ghumar3a kara maMDarAne lagate haiN| aisI viSama aura vikaTa paristhiti meM mAnava jIvana kA mahattva samajhanA adhika kaThina ho jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika zAMti, nirbhayatA aura tattvajJAna ko rahasya kA parijJAna karAne vAle sadguru kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / sadguru azAnta mAnava ko zAMti kA punIta pATha par3hAtA hai / use jIvana kA sahI lakSya batAtA hai / isI kAraNa atIta kAla se hI sadguru kA mahatva pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / usakI gaurava gAthA gAyI gayI hai| jJAnadAna dene vAle vidyAguru se lekara mokSa pradAtA sadguru kI mahattA pratipAdana karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / tathApi Adhunika bhautikavAda kI cakAcauMdha meM bhUle aura bisare sAdhakoM ke antarmAnasa meM yaha prazna aMgar3AiyA~ lene lagatA hai ki sadguru kI AvazyakatA kyoM hai ? cintana karane para parijJAta hotA hai ki pratyeka jIva ko kisI bhI viSaya, vastu yA padArtha kA parijJAna svata: nahIM hotaa| svayaM kA parizrama, sAdhanA va adhyavasAya hone para bhI gaMbhIra evaM tAttvika jJAna prApti ke lie kisI na kisI se sahAyatA lene kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / jo suyogya aura sucArurUpa se usakA patha pradarzana kara sake / aisA mahAn vyakti sadguru deva ke atirikta anya kauna mila sakatA hai ? sadguru ziSya kA sahI patha-pradarzana karatA hai, vaha ziSya kI prasupta zakti ko jAgRta karatA hai| kabIra jaise viziSTa sAdhaka jo A~khana dekhI para vizvAsa karane vAle the, ve bhI kahate haiM : jAke guru bhI AMdharA carA kharA nirNdh| aMdhe aMdhA TheliyA donoM kUpa par3anta / / cintakoM kA kahanA hai ki sAdhaka kI yogya parIkSA kara guru banAnA cAhie jisase sAdhaka kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa samyak prakAra se ho sake / satyAnveSaNa karane vAle jijJAsu ko kisI yogya jAnakAra sadguru kI AvazyakatA hai| parIkSa yA aparokSa jJAnopalabdhi sadguru pradatta sAdhanA se hI sambhava hai; kyoMki sadguru hI prathama svaya satya kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai, usake pazcAt ziSya ko akhaNDa satya ke sAkSAtkAra kI pavitra preraNA pradAna karatA hai| sadguru dvArA batAyI gayI rAha para calate hue sAdhakoM ne apane lakSya ko prApta kiyA hai| ziSya ko cAhie ki sarvaprathama ahaMkAra kA parityAga kare aura kartRtvAbhimAna ko chor3akara sadguru kA Azraya grahaNa kre| mana meM jo bhI zaMkAe~ udbuddha hoM unakA vinaya ke sAtha sadguru se nirAkaraNa kre| yadi antarmAnasa meM saMzaya banA rahA to sAdhaka kA vinAza nizcita hai| "saMzayAtmA vinazyati" kahA gayA hai| etadartha hI gItAkAra ne kahA hai-"zraddhAvAn labhate jJAnaM tatparaH saMyatendriyaH" / AtmA paramAtmA Adi kI guru-gaMbhIra gutthiyA~ binA guru para zraddhA rakhe sulajha nahIM sktiiN| zraddhA ke sAtha indriyoM para saMyama bhI bahuta Avazyaka hai / vIra arjuna zrIkRSNa ke sat ziSya the aura maryAdA puruSottama rAma vaziSTha ke, zivAjI rAmadAsa ke aura candragupta maurya cANakya ke sat ziSya the jinhoMne guruoM ke mArgadarzana para calakara sahI pragati wain Education International
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhAratIya sAdhanA paddhati meM gurutatva kA mahatva 15. . kii| Adhunika yuga meM bhI zrI rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa, svAmI vivekAnanda, lokamAnya tilaka, mahAtmA gAMdhI, maharSi aravinda, maharSi ramaNa jaise mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne sAdhanA ke kSetra meM sadguru kA mahattva siddha kiyA hai| satya kI anveSaNA karane vAle ziSya kA saMzaya naSTa ho jAtA hai, vaha karmakSaya karatA hai, avidyA aura ahaMkAra kA bhaMjana kara sadguru use viveka kA saMbala pradAna karatA hai| etadartha hI gIrvANa girA ke yazasvI kavi ne sadguru kA mahatva pratipAdana karate hue kahA hai "bhidyate hRdayagraMthiH, chidyante srvsNshyaaH| kSIyante cAsya karmANi, tasmin dRSTe parApare // tAtparya yaha hai ki viveka se hRdayagraMthi kA chedana ho jAne se niSThA panapatI hai, saMpUrNa sandeha naSTa ho jAte haiN| karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne se draSTA aura dRzya kA sambandha jur3akara AtmA kI sahaja sthiti aura svarUpa rUpa jane samyakjJAna hai vaha upalabdha ho jAtA hai| yaha hai sadguru kI mahimA / vyavahAra meM sadguru tarAjU kI taraha aura paramArtha meM gaMgA kI nirmala dhArA kI taraha ziSya kA uddhAra kara sakatA hai| etadartha hI sadguru ko ziSyoM meM sadguNoM kA AropaNa karane ke kAraNa unheM brahmA kahA hai, ziSya ke sadguNoM kA saMrakSaNa karane ke kAraNa unheM viSNu kahA hai aura ziSya meM rahe hue durguNoM ko naSTa karane ke kAraNa unheM zivazaMkara kahA hai| sadguru vastutaH sAkSAt paramabrahma hai| zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM batAyA hai jaise bhakta bhagavAna ke sAtha bhakti karatA hai vaise hI ziSya ko guru ke prati hArdika bhakti karanI cAhie jisase adhyAtma jJAna kI upalabdhi hotI hai|' santa kavi kabIra ke samakSa eka mahAna samasyA upasthita ho gayI ki guru aura gobinda yadi eka hI sAtha upasthita ho jAyeM to kisake caraNoM meM prathama namaskAra karanA caahie| unhoMne cintana kI gaharAI meM DubakI lgaayii| unheM spaSTa anubhava huA ki prathama sadgurudeva ko namana karanA caahie| kyoMki unhIM ke kAraNa govinda se sAkSAtkAra huA hai| sadguru ne hI vaha divya dRSTi pradAna kI jisase govinda kA sAkSAtkAra huaa|' hindI sAhitya ke suprasiddha kavi tulasIdAsa ne rAmacaritamAnasa meM likhA--ki maiM jJAnabodha pradAna karane vAle zaMkararUpI sadguru ko vandana karatA hU~, jinake Azraya ko pAkara vakra candramA bhI sabhI ke dvArA arcanIya hotA hai| sadguru jisake saMrakSaka hoM use anya kisI kI bhI cintA nhiiN| sadguru ke amRtopama upadeza se mohAndhakAra vinaSTa ho jAtA hai| sadguru ke pAdAravindoM se dhUla bhI phUla kI taraha sundara aura sugaMdhita bana jAtI hai| sadguru kA anurAga aisI saMjIvanI bUTI hai jisase bhava-roga naSTa ho jAte haiN| unake punIta smaraNa se hI hRdaya meM divya Aloka prasphuTita hotA hai| tulasIdAsajI ne 'vinayapatrikA' meM guru pradatta sAdhanA kA mahatva batAte hue likhA hai-isa kalikAla meM sadguru hI aise haiM jinake dvArA pratipAdita bhakti-mArga hI sAdhaka ke lie yogya mArgadarzaka hai| sadgurudeva ke maMgalamaya AzIrvAda se siddhi prApta hotI hai| santa caraNadAsa sadguru ke mahattva para cintana karate hue likhate haiM-paramezvara kI sau varSoM taka sevA karate rahane kI apekSA sadguru kI cAra kSaNa taka sevA karanA bhI adhika zreSTha hai / malUkadAsa kA mantavya hai ki-AvAgamana se mukta karAne vAle sadguru hai| ve janma-janmAntaroM kI manokAmanA ko paripUrNa karate haiM / ataH ve paramezvara se bhI zreSTha haiN| hindI sAhitya ke kaviyoM meM sUradAsa kA mUrdhanya sthAna hai| unhoMne kRSNa-lIlA para savA lAkha pada likhe / kisI jijJAsu ne unase pUchA-Apane apane guru vallabhAcArya kA guNa-kIrtana kyoM nahIM kiyA ? uttara meM unhoMne kahAmaiMne jo kucha bhI varNana kiyA usakA sampUrNa zreya sadguruvarya ko hI hai| maiMne sadguru aura zrIkRSNa ko kabhI pRthaka nahIM dekhA / mujhe gurucaraNoM meM pUrNa vizvAsa hai / unake abhAva meM mujhe sarvatra andhakAra dikhAyI detA hai / sadguru ke atirikta vizva meM koI bhI uddhAraka nahIM hai / isa taraha sUradAsa ne sadguru ko bhagavatsvarUpa samajhA hai / sadguru bhavasAgara meM DUbate hue ziSya ko bacAtA hai aura usakA uddhAra karatA hai| bhakta kavayitriyoM meM mIrA kA nAma sarvocca hai / 'mIrA padAvalI' meM vaha sadguru ke sambandha meM likhatI haiki maiM moha kI nidrA meM soI huI thii| kRSAlu sadguru ne mujhe jAgrata kiyA / mujhe AdhyAtma jJAna pradAna kiyaa| mere sadguru guNoM ke sAgara haiN| unhoMne mere avaguNoM para dhyAna na dekara mujha para sneha kI sadA vRSTi kii| mujhe bhavasAgara se pAra lgaayaa| aba mujhe gurucaraNoM ke atirikta anya kisI kI bhI icchA nahIM hai| sadguru kI kRpA se hI mujhe giradhArI ke darzana hue haiM / he sadguru ! tuma mujhe chor3akara kabhI mata jAnA / " ka 11 74
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 16 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : saptama khaNDa kavi sundaradAsa ne bhI sadguru kA mahattva batAte hue likhA hai - sadguru apane ziSya para kabhI ruSTa nahIM hotA aura na kabhI tuSTa hotA hai / na vaha kisI kA pakSa letA hai aura na kisI para IrSyA hI karatA hai / vaha pratipalapratikSaNa brahmabhAva meM lIna rahakara cintana, manana, nididhyAsana karatA rahatA haiM / parabrahma ke atirikta sadguru ke mana meM aura koI vicAra nahIM hotaa| unake sAnnidhya meM rahanevAle kI Adhi-vyAdhi aura upAdhiyA~ naSTa ho jAtI haiN| sadguru ke prasAda se vaira-virodha naSTa hokara usakA sabake prati prema utpanna hotA hai| yogazAstra kI sArI yuktiyA~ aura prayuktiyA~ prApta ho jAtI haiM aura vaha sampUrNa tattvajJAna ko prApta kara letA hai / " sadguru kI kRpAdRSTi se sAdhaka ko parA aura aparA vidyA kI upalabdhi hotI hai / 'bina guru hoI na jJAna' yaha kathana yathArthaM hai| guru kevala jJAna hI nahIM sikhAtA apitu yoga upAsanA, taMtra va bhakti kI sAdhanA kA rahasya bhI batAtA hai aura sAdhanA kisaprakAra karanI cAhie usakA praikTikala prayoga bhI sikhAtA hai| ziSya ko cAhie ki atyanta namra hokara sadguru se apane mana kI jo bhI zakAe~ hoM unakA nirasana kre| mana meM zaMkAe~ rakhanA ucita nahIM hai / sadguru jJAnamUrti hai| usameM anubhUti kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / ataH nirarthaka ahaMkAra meM na ulajha kara jijJAsu banakara vaha jJAna prApta kare / etadartha hI kabIra ne kahA- "sAdho, so sadguru mauhi bhAve" / sadguru apane ziSya kA sadA vikAsa cAhatA hai| vaha "ziSyAdicchet parAjayam" kI bhAvanA rakhatA hai| "gurostu maunaM vyAkhyAnaM" kahA gayA hai| binA sadguru ke bhavArNava ko koI bhI pAra nahIM kara sktaa| sadguru kI mahimA akathanIya aura avarNanIya hai / bauddha tantra sAhitya meM karuNA ko ziva aura prajJA ko zakti mAnA hai| isI tantramArga se vikasita hokara navIM sadI meM sahajayAnI sampradAya kA prAdurbhAva huA jisane zaMkara pArvatI svarUpa ko svIkAra kiyaa| pArvatI ko sRSTi ke bIja ke vivaraNa ko jAnane kI jijJAsA huI taba zivazaMkara ne usakI jijJAsA kA samAdhAna kiyaa| vahI tattvajJAna nAtha sampradAya ke nAma se vizruta huA / sahajayAnI paMtha meM saMsAra kA svarUpa bhI sahaja samajhA gyaa| sarahapAda ne batAyA ki isa sahajatattva ko mauna se hI jAnA jAya aura gurumukha se sunA jAya / nAtha sampradAya meM guru kA gauravapUrNa sthAna hai / sArI madhyayugIna sAdhanAoM aura unase niHsUta bhakti sampradAyoM meM guru-bhakti aura gurumukha se prApta jJAna-paramparA ko svIkAra kiyA gyaa| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dasavIM sadI taka gurubhakti kA vikAsa ho cukA thA / sarahapAda ne 'bahujana hitAya bahujana sukhAya' gItoM ke mAdhyama se nAma saMkIrtana ko sahaja sulabha banAyA aura nRtya -- -gItoM ke mAdhyama se nAma bhakti kA prasAra kiyaa| isa paMtha meM bauddhataMtra kI karuNA aura prajJA ko mahatvapUrNa mAnA / yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki nAtha sampradAya meM tattvajJAna kI dRSTi se bauddha tantra ke aneka AcAra-vicAra tathA tattvajJAna ke sUtra anusyUta haiM / nAtha sampradAya meM sadguru para atyadhika niSThA hai| nAtha sampradAya se bhAgavata, vArakarI sampradAya kA prAdurbhAva huA / inameM tathA datta evaM samartha sampradAya ke sAdhanA mArga meM bhI sadguru kA mahattva eka svara se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / mahArASTra ke prasiddha santa ekanAtha ne likhA hai--yadi grantha par3hakara ke ziSya kA uddhAra ho jAtA to bar3e-bar3e sadguru kyoM avatarita hote ? graMthoM ko par3hakara jo zaMkAeM antarmAnasa meM udbuddha hoMgI unakA samAdhAna graMtha nahIM kara skte| unakA samAdhAna sadguru hI kara sakate haiN| guru ke anekoM ziSya hote haiM, para ziSyoM ke lie guru eka hI hotA hai guruDa yA gurubAjI ke viruddha sadA svara bulanda hote rahe haiM para kheda hai ki ziSya jo anucita kArya karate haiM unake sambandha meM Aja taka kisI ne kucha nahIM likhaa| Adhunika yuga meM vijJAna aura adhyAtma ke samanvaya karane kI atIva AvazyakatA hai / yaha AvazyakatA binA sadguru ke koI pUrNa nahIM kara sakatA / jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM guru kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| namaskAra mahAmaMtra meM gurutattva kI hI pradhAnatA hai / arihanta aura siddha ina do padoM meM deva tattva kI pradhAnatA hai to AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu meM gurutattva kI pramukhatA hai / sarvaprathama arhata ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai aura usake pazcAt siddhoM ko / siddha azarIrI hone se dehadhArI mAnava ko sAkSAt preraNA pradAna nahIM kara sakate / kintu arhat dehadhArI haiM isalie ve sAkSAt preraNA dete haiM / arhat pathapradarzaka haiM ataH unakA sarvaprathama sthAna hai| eka dRSTi se arhat hI guru haiM, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhuoM ke AcArya yA gaNadhara, saMgha saMcAlana karate haiM upAdhyAya saMgha ke zramaNoM ko par3hAte haiM, sAdhu viziSTa sAdhaka hote haiN| etadartha hI ve guru ke rUpa meM upAsya rahe haiN| tAtvika dRSTi se guru kA sthAna nimitta aura upAdAna ke siddhAnta se niHsRta hai / jaina darzana meM nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se pratyeka vyakti apanA uddhAra karane meM samartha hai| usako ananta sAmarthya pradAna karane vAlA guru kevala nimitta hai / pratyeka sAdhaka ko apanI pragati svayaM hI karanI hotI hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra jaisa
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhAratIya sAdhanA-paddhati meM gurutattva kA mahatva vaha vaidika saMstaka viziSTa jAnA-aNu vizvakatva meM ti meM phira bhalasadaguru, kA jIvakaNa-kaNa, manake vyaktitva auraTa santa hI tIrthaMkara Adi viziSTa vyaktiyoM ko guru kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| jaina sAhitya meM pratyekabuddha kA jo varNana hai vaha bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai| pratyekabuddha binA guru ko nimitta banAye apanI pragati svayaM kara letA hai| guru anivArya hI hai aisA koI zAzvata niyama nahIM hai / svayaM sAdhaka prabala puruSArtha se apanI pragati svayaM karatA hai tathApi jaina sAdhanA meM guru kA gaurava kama nahIM hai| sAmAjika jIvana meM guru kI pratiSThA anivArya hai| caturvidha saMgha kI suvyavasthA guru karatA hai / pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti, aura pAMca AcAra kA pAlana karane vAle, pA~ca indriyoM kA saMvaraNa karane vAle, navavidha brahmacarya gupti ko dhAraNa karane vAle aura cAra kaSAyoM se vimukta isa prakAra chattIsa guNoM se yukta vyakti ko sadguru kahA gayA hai| aSTakarma ko naSTa kara siddha banate haiM / arhanta aura siddha meM yahI antara hai ki arhanta, jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, bhohanIya, antarAya ina cAra ghanaghAtI karmoM ko naSTa kara dete haiM jisase ve sarvajJa-sarvadarzI bana jAte haiN| pUrNajJAnadarzana ke dhAraka banakara jana-jana kA upadeza dvArA kalyANa karate haiN| arihanta dehadhArI hote haiN| jaba sampUrNa karma naSTa ho jAte haiM taba arihanta hI siddha bana jAte haiN| siddha niraJjana, nirAkAra, zuddha, buddha, mukta aura nirlipta hote haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti meM phira bhale hI vaha vaidika saMskRti ho, jaina saMskRti ho yA bauddha saMskRti ho, sabhI ne guru ke gaurava kI yazogAthA gAyI hai| sadguru, kA jIvana eka viziSTa jIvana hai jisameM AcAra kI utkRSTatA ke sAtha hI vicAroM kI nirmalatA hotI hai| usake jIvana kA kaNa-kaNa, mana kA aNu-aNu vizvakalyANa ke lie samarpita hotA hai| maiMne upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni jI ke darzana kiye the| mujhe unake vyaktitva aura kRtitva meM sadguru kI viSTitAoM ke saMdarzana hue, unake sannikaTa baiThakara apAra AhlAda kA anubhava huaa| aise viziSTa santa hI sadguru kI abhidhA ke yogya haiN| 'nAsti tatvaM guroH paraM' jo kahA gayA hai vaha adhika sArthaka hai| maiMne bahuta hI saMkSepa meM gurutattva para apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| merA mAnanA hai ki guru ke binA sAdhaka ko sAdhanA ke gura prApta nahIM ho skte| koI bhI sAdhanA binA guru ke apanA camatkAra nahIM dikhA sktii| ataH sadguru kI mahimA jitanI bhI gAI jAya utanI kama hai| sandarbha evaM sandarbha-sthala 1 vyavahArI maMtra sAmyaM bhavet dezikaziSyayoH / paramArthe tu gurvAdhInaH iti svmtnirnnyH|| -yaSTI 16 2 gurubrahmA gururviSNu gururdevo mahezvaraH / guru sAkSAt pAMbrahmaH tasmai zrIgurave namaH // 3 yasya deve parAzaktiyathA deve tathA gurau / tasyaite kathitA hyAH prakAzyante mahAtmanaH / / -zvetAzvatara upaniSada 4 guru govinda doU khar3e kAke lAgU pAya / balihArI guru Apanai govinda diyA batAya / / 5 (a) vande bodhamayam nityaM guru zaMkararUpiNam / yamAzrito hi vakropi candraH sarvatra baMdyate / / (A) bandau guru pada kaMja, kRpA sindhu nara rUpa hari / mahAmohatama puMja, jAsu vacana ravikara nikara // vandI guru pada paduma praagaa| surucira vAsa sarasa anurAgA / / (I) zrI gurupada nakha manigana jyotii| sumirata divya dRSTi hiya hotI / / (u) gurupadaraja mRdu maMjula aMjana / nayana amiya dRga doSa vibhaMjana // -rAmacaritamAnasa (bAlakANDa 5-7)
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ .18 zrI puSkaramuni abhinandana grantha : saptama khaNDa 6 nAhina ApAta Ana bhroso|...... guru kaha yo rAma bhaMjana nI ko mohi lAgata rAja-Dagaro so| -vinayapatrikA 7 hari sevA kRta sau barasa, guru sevA pala cAra / to bhI nahIM barAbarI, veda na kiyo vicAra / 8 AvAgamana miTAyA sadguru, pUjI mana kI AsA / jIvanmukta kiyA paramesura kahata malUkAdAsA / / . (a) bharoso dRr3ha ina caranana kero / zrI ballabha nakha caMda-chaTA binu saba jaga mAMjha a~dhero / sAdhana aura nahIM yA kali meM jAso hona nibero / sUra kahA kahai dvividha aMdhero binA mola kA cero|| (A) guru bina aisI kauna kare / ........ sUra syAma guru aiso samaratha china meM le udhare // sataguru Aya jagAo / jJAnI guru Aya jagAyo / / (A) satagurU mhArA prIta nibhAjyo jii| the cho mhArA guNasAgara augaNa mhAro mati jAjyo jI / (i) mohI lAgI lagana guru caranana kii| mIrA ke prabhu giridhara nAgara Asa vahI guru saranana kii| 11 guru ke prasAda buddhi uttama dazA ko gahe, guru ke prasAda, bhava dukha bisarAie / guru ke prasAda prema prItihu adhika bADhe, guru ke prasAda, rAma nAma guNa gAie / 'sundara' kahata gurudeva jo kRpAlu hoi, tinake prasAda, tattvajJAna puni paaie| -sundaravAsa vANI