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________________ eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana " bhAratIya darzana evaM jaina darzana" lekhaka :- vaidya muralIdhara zrImAlI "sAdhaka" mata matAntaroM kA yaha janaka saMsAra sabhyatA kI spardhA meM dhAvaka kI bhAMti gatimAna hotA dikhalAI de rahA hai| isakA nirNAyaka cinha yA bindu athavA sthAna kahAM hai? koI nahIM jAnatA / phira bhI sarvopari yA zakti ke pradarzana ke vivAda meM ulajhane ke liye svayaM ko tanAva azAnti, AzaMkA, bhaya, kleza, ke bandhana meM hI eka kSaNika sukha kI anubhUti prApta karanA cAhatA hai| bar3hatI huI anAdhikAra ceSTAeM va bhautika dhundha meM AdhyAtmika prajJA kA grAsa hotA jA rahA hai| isI kAraNa AdhyAtmika mArga darzana kA mahattva ghaTatA jA rahA hai| dharma aura kartavya lagAtAra aura adhikAMza dUra hotA dikhAI de rahA hai yA phira pAkhaNDiyoM ke caMgula meM jA rahA hai| isa saMbhAvita durdazAmeM darzana kahIM upahAsa bana kara na raha jAya ? isake marma ko samajhane ke liye adhikAMza logoM ke pAsa samaya hI nahIM hai| hiMsaka pravRttiyAM dUSita rAjaniti kA yaha bar3hatA huA tANDava kaba taka calegA ? kahanA kaThina hai| yaha nizcita hai ki vinAza ke kagAra se puna: lauTane ke liye prayAsa Aja bhI hamArA darzana kara rahA hai, preraNA de rahA hai| RSi-muniyoM ke dvArA prazasta sukhada mArga ke liye Aja bhI pazcimI jagata AzA lagAye huA hai| apane antarmana ko zAnti evaM santoSa kA prazna dene ke liye isa aura dekha rahe hai| parantu jhuThe svAbhimAna kI caTTAna bAdhA banI huI hai| Aja ve hI durguNa pUrvo jagata meM saMkramaNa hote jA rahe hai| viDambanA kI mRga marIcikA ke bhrama meM bhaTakatA huA mAnava santoSa yA Ananda ke chora se anabhijJa hokara marubhUmi ke zuSka vAtAvaraNa meM dUra dUra taka AzA kI dRSTi lagAye baiThA hai| rAga dveSa lobha moha ke kuharA meM viveka rupI nAva bhaTakane lagI hai| isa andhakAra meM darzana rupI dipaka ko jo ojhala sA ho gayA hai, puna: prakAzamAna hone kI kSamatA paidA karanI hogii| bhramita ko sahI dizA dene kI kSamatA mAtra hindu (bhAratIya) darzana meM hIM hai| cauMkiye mata, hindu darzana kisI jAti yA dharma vizeSa kA nahIM hai| vasudhaiva kuTumbakama kA udghoSa karane vAlA, jisakA mUla maMtra hai sarve bhavantu sukhinaH sarve santu nirAmayAH sarve bhadrANi pazyantu, mA kazcida duHkhabhAg bhavet // subhASita | aisA mahAna Adarza rakhanevAlA hindu samAja saMkIrNatA se Upara uThakara jana jana ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA saMjoye rakhatA hai| apanI isa susaMskRtI ke kAraNa hI apane deza bhArata ko jagadaguru ke pada para pahuMcAne meM sakSama rahA hai| parantu Aja isakA gurutva soyA huA kaise ? pUrva kI saMcita zakti Aja bhI vidyamAna hai / isakI anekoM hI kiraNe (vedavedAntasAMkhya, nyAya jaina, bauddha Adi vibhinna darzana ) cAroM hI dizAoM ko dedIpyamAna karane kI kSamatA rakhatI hai| Aja AvazyakatA hai isa bar3hate hua bhautika andhakAra ko cIrane kii| hameM isa bAta kA garva hai ki vartamAna meM hamAre santa, mahAtmA, munitaponiSTa dharmAcArya isa prakAza kA lAbha satata va sarvatra pahUMcAne kA prayAsa kara rahe hai| kAla kI karAla gati samajheM ki rAga dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara hamAre mUlabhUta darzana ko alaga alaga draSTi se dekhe 294 ataMratam yadi sAdhu na banA to veza badalane se kyA lAbha / For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ jAne lgaa| eka hI vRkSa kI zAkhAoM para phaloMko khaTTe mIThe tathA viSa-amRta kA bhrama utpanna kara diyaa| jo Aja ke samaya meM viparIta hI nahIM balki vinAzakArI siddha ho sakate hai| Aja AvazyakatA hai ki hama apane kucha nihita svArtha se Upara uThakara svastha mArga ko prazasta kreN| isI saMdarbha me maiMne pUjya munirAja zrI lekhendrazekhara vijaya jI ke abhinandana grantha meM eka zraddhA sumana ke rupa meM isa uparokta viSaya ko arpita karane kA laghuprayAsa kiyA hai| bhAratIya darzana itanA vyApaka hai ki isameM nAstika-astika ke sAtha hI anekoM hI vAda ko sthAna mila sakatA hai| sAmAnyata: kahIM kahIM virodhAbhAsa avazya draSTi gocara hogaa| jise hama eka prabuddha vicAraka yA cintaka kA svabhAvika guNa samajha sakate hai| lekina prAya: mUlata: siddhAntoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM ekya bhAva dekha sakate hai| cArvAka darzana sammAna kA sthAna na pAne ke kAraNa hI suzikSita cArvAka ke rupa meM ubhara kara sAmane AnA huaa| yahAM zeSa siddhAnta ke sAtha jaina darzana ko lekara eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana para hI prakAza ddaalegeN| apane viSaya ke prArambha se pUrva muni suzIlakumAra ke vicAroM para prakAza DAlanA prAsaMgika samajhatA huuN| inhoMne apanI jaina hindU-eka sAmAjika dRSTikoNa "pustaka meM jijJAsA" ullekha kiyA hai, sAtha hI bhAratIya saMskRti aura apane Apako hindU hone kA jo pramANa prastuta kiyA hai, yukti saMgata hai| usameM bhAratIya darzana aura jaina darzana kA samanvaya rupa ubhara kara AtA hai, ve kucha bindu isa prakAra se hai| devamUrti kA sammAna karatA hUM, pUrvajanma ko svIkAra karatA hUM, usase mukta hone ke prati saceSTa hUM, saba jIvoM ke anukUla bartAva ko grahaNa karatA hUM, ahiMsA ko dharmabhUta meM mAnatA hUM, tathA go sevA meM niSThA rakhatA hai, ityaadi| svAmI kara pAtrIjI ne likhA hai gopu bhakti meM ve thasya, praNave ca drar3hA matiH / punarjanmAni vizvAsa: sarve hindU ritismRtaH / / gomAtA evaM oMkAra meM jisakI bhakti hota tathA pUrvajanma meM vizvAsa ho vaha hindU hai| pustaka aSTAcArya gaurava gaMgA, lekhaka munijJAna, ke pRSTha 86-87, santa zrI lAlajI apane prabhAva se musalamAnoM dvArA revAr3I meM gAyeM kaTavAnI banda karavA dI tathA gur3a gAMva meM tInahajAra gAyeM kaTavAne se bcaalii| isa prakAra jaina darzana kI pRSTha bhUmI meM vividha bhAratIya prAcIna darzana kI jhalaka spaSTa dikhAI detI hai| jaina maMdiroM meM brAhmaNa kA pujArI honA, pUjAkI vidhi vaiSNava paddhati ke anusAra, gaNezapUjA, zubhakArya meM svastika, oMkAra kA mahattva, jainAcArya mahAsenA sUrikA "siyA caritra' grantha va AcArya zrItulasI ke khaNDa kAvya kI nimna paMktiyAMoM jaya sitAmAtA, tere bina na koI jarAdAbe traataa| oM jaya sitaamaataa| jai. hinduu| kavivAra zrImAn sUrya munijI mahArAja dvArA racita jaina rAmAyaNa meM zrI hanumAmanajI kA yazogAna ullekhanIya hai| jainAcArya zrI haribhadrasUrI jo eka brAhmaNa parivAra se the| bhInamAla meM kaI videziyoM ko jaina athavA hindU samAja meM dIkSita karane kA prazaMsanIya kArya kA ullekha milatA hai| rAja iti. pra.bhA. dvi.saM.le.DA. gopInAthazarmA pR.26|| isake mUlameM jo ki bhAratIya yA hindU darzana hai, ise bhinna mAnanA saMkIrNatA hI nahIM balki hamArI naitika va aitihAsika bhUla hogii| kyoMki hamAre caubIsa tIrthaMkara kA avataraNa jisake pAsa satya, ahiMsA, maitrI, sahiSNutA Adi amoSa astra-zastra hai, vaha hI trilokajayI ho sakatA haiN| 295
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________________ isI bhArata deza aura hindU samAja meM huA hai| aneka AcArya bhI cAra varNa vyavasthA kI zAkhAoM meM se Akara hI jaina darzana kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabha deva kA upAkhyAnana bhAgavata ke paMcama skanda meM milatA hai| muNDakopaniSada ke caturtha anubaDhaka meM vedoMmeM RSabha (zreSTha yA pradhAna) aura sarvarupa likhA hai-yazachanda sA-mRSabho vishvrupaa||1|| jabAtpu paniSada meM jIva hI pazu hai-usakA pati " pazupati" hai| zabdArtha ke rupa meM RSabha-sAMDa bhI AtA hai| isake deva ko bhagavAna pazupati ke rupa meM zRddhAkI prAcIna paramparA calI A rahI hai| hamAre bhAratIya samAja kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki isameM cintana kI bhinnatA sadaiva se calI A rahI hai| bhArata meM jitane darzana hai utane saMbhavatayA isase bAhara nahIM hai| yahAM vedAnta mImAMsA, yoga, sAMkhya, nyAya aura vaizeSika ina bar3adarzana ke atirikta cArvAka, jaina aura bauddha ye sabhI bhAratIya darzana ke antargata hai| inameM cArvAka ke atirikta darzana meM prAya: aNuparamANuvAda, karmavAda aura pUrvajanma kA vivecana adhikatara samAnatA liye hue hI hai| ina para pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke liye yahAM saMkSipta rupa se prakAza DAla denA ucita samajhatA huuN| AtmA ke sambandha meM jaina darzana ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki yaha bandhana se mukta hone para anantajJAna aura sarvajJa hai| prasiddha jaina dArzanika guNaratna ne AtmA ko zarIra kriyAoM kA paricAlaka kahA hai| kaThopaniSada kI vyAkhyA kA saMketa milatA hai - AtmAna rathinaM viddhi zarIra rathabha vetu| buddhi tu sArathi viddhi mana: pragraha mevc|| a.1 va 3 zlo. 3 // arthAta tUM AtmA ko rathI jAna, zarIra ko ratha buddhi ko sArathi aura mana ko lagAma smjh| vahIM sva saMvedyo paniSada AtmA ko mokSa aura naraka se bhinna rakhA hai| Atma bodho paniSada kA siddhAnta hai-eko'hama vikalo'haM nirmala nirvANa mUrti revaahm| niravayavo 5 hama jo haM kevata sanmAtra sArabhUto ' hm|| dvi.a. 6|| arthAta maiM eka hUM, maiM paripUrNa hUM aura nirvANa mUrti hUM, maiM avayavoM se rahita hUM, mai ajanmA hUM aura kevalamAtra saMnta svarupa meM sarva kA sAra rupa huuN| cArvAka ke anusAra "caitanya viziSTha zarIra hI AtmA hai| bauddha darzana sabase bhinna hai ki vaha anAtmavAda kA hI pakSadhara hai| vahIM bauddha darzana sabase bhinna hai ki vaha anAtmavAda kA hI pakSadhara hai| vahIM bauddha kI mahApAna zAkhA ne pAramArthika AtmA yA mahAtmA ko mithyA nahIM mAnA hai| navya naiyAyika kahate hai ki mana kA AtmA se sambandha hai| advaita vedAnta ke anusAra AtmA eka nitya, svaprakAza caitanya hai| AtmA na to jJAtA hai na jJeya hai na 'ama' hI hai| viziSTAdvaita-vaidAntabde anusAra "jJAtA ahamartha evAtmA" ise jJAtA aura aham kaha sakate hai, aisA kahA hai| vaizeSika darzana ne AtmA ko nitya aura sarvavyApi dravya jise caitanya kA AdhAra mAnA hai| ise jivAtmA aura paramAtmA, do svarupa kiye hai| bhinna bhinna zarIra meM bhinna bhinna jIvAtmA kahA hai| sAMkhya kA eka tatva prakRti dUsarA tatva puruSa (aatmaa)| AtmA kA astitvanirvivAda kahA hai| yoga kI draSTi se jaba citra kisI vRtti meM pariNata ho jAtI hai taba usa para AtmA kA prakAza par3atA hai aura vaha AtmasAt ho jAtA hai| isaliye aisA bhAsita hotA hai ki puruSa (AtmA) hI saba kucha socatA hai aura karatA hai| bhAratIya darzana ke aneka matamatAntara meM AtmA ke sambandha meM phira jaina darzana para Ate hai| jahAM AtmA kA mApa zarIra ke barAbara kahA 296 jisa jIva kI dharma ke prati sacI bhAvanA haiM use dharma-carcA meM AnaMda hI AnaMda dikhAI detA haiN|
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________________ hai| jIvAtmA aura siddhAtmA ke do bheda batAye hai| caitanya dravya ko jIvayA AtmA kahate hai jo saba samaya vartamAna rahatA hai| siddhAtmAoM kA sthAna sabase UMcA hai| siddha ve hai jo karmopara vijayapAtmete hai aura pUrNajJAnI ho jAte hai| aba hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate hai ki bhAratIya darzana ke antargata AtmA kA siddhAnta cArvAka, bauddha mahAyAta zAkhA vaizeSika darzana aura advaita vedAnta kA siddhAnta jaina darzana meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM sAmaMjasya draSTi gocara hotA hai| agalA bindu "bandhana" hai| bhArata ke prAya: sabhI darzanoM ke anusAra bandhana kA artha hai jnmgrhnn| jaina matAnusAra jIva ko hI bandhana ke du:kha bhogane par3ate hai| jIva apane karmo yA saMskAro ke vaza hI zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai pUrva janmo ke kAraNa arthAta pUrvajanma ke vicAra vacana tathA karma ke kAraNa jIva meM vAsanAoM kI utpatti hotI hai, ve vAsanAeM tRpta honA cAhatI hai| phala yaha hotA hai ki ye pudgala ko apanI ora AkRSTa karatI hai| jisase vizeSa prakAra kA zarIra banatA hai| karma ke anusAra yaha nizcita ho jAtA hai ki kisa vyakti kA janma kisa vaMza yA parivAra meM hogaa| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha hI hamArI kupravRttiyAM hai jo hameM baMdhana meM DAlatI hai| inheM 'kaSAya' kahate hai| kaSAyoM ke kAraNa karmAnusAra jIva yA pudgana ke AkrAnta ho jAnA hI bandhana hai| kyUMki dUSita manobhAva hI bandhana kA mula kAraNa hai| rAmAnuja kA viziSTAdvaita meM AtmA kA bandhana karma kA pariNAma hai| yadyapi AtmA aNurupa hai jo caitanyazarIra aura indriyoM se baddha ho jAtA hai| yahAM jaina aura viziSTAdvaita donoMmeM karma kI pradhAnatA hai| mokSa ke sambandha meM zrIrAmanuja ne likhA hai ki karma aura jJAna dvArA bhaktikA udaya hotA hai jisase mukti milatI hai| isa prakAra kA niSkAma karma pUrvajanmArjita una saMskAroM ko dUra kara detA hai jo jJAna kI prApti meM bAdhA svarupa hote hai| zrIrAmAnuja kA mAnanA hai ki mukti kevala adhyayana yA tarka se nahI hotI kIntu Izvara kI karuNA se hotI hai| upaniSadoMne bhI kahA hai ki jJAna se mukti milatI hai| AtmAkA paramAtmA meM lIna honA isakA tAtparya yahI honA cAhiye ki prajJA kI prApti hI janma-maraNa ke cakra se mukta honA hai| naiyAyikoM ke anusAra mokSa duHkhake pUrNa nirodha kI avasthA hai| mokSapAne ke liye dharmagranthoM ke manana ke dvArA, nididhyAsana (yoga) ke dvArA AtmA kA nirantara dhyAna karanA caahiye| saMcita karma bhoga lene para phira vaha janmagrahaNa ke cakra meM nahIM pdd'taa| rAha punarjanma kA anta hI bandhanoM aura duHkhoM kA anta hai| yahI mokSa yA apavarga hai| sAMkhyakA mata hai ki yadi kisI jIva ke liye du:kha kezoM se prANa pAnA saMbhava bhI ho to jarA aura mRtyu se chuTakArA pAnA asaMbhava hai| AdhyAtmika, Adi bhautika, aura adhi daivika ina tInoM du:khoM se eka bAragI chuTakArA pAnA asaMbhava hai| sukhavAda kA Adarza tyAgakara yukti saMgata dhyeya du:kho se nivRtti se santoSa kreN| sabhI du:khoMkA sadA prabhU ke darabAra meM akiMcana yAtrAluoM kA apUrva svAgata-satkAra hotA hai| 297
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________________ ke liye nivAraNa jisakI punarAvRtti nahIM ho sake yahI mukti, apavarga yA puruSArtha hai| vedAnta kahatA hai- "ahaM brahatAsmi" isase jIva aura brahma kA mithyA bheda haTa jAtA hai taba bandhana kaTakara mokSa kA sAkSAta anubhava hotA hai| isake siddhAnta meM vizeSatA yaha hai ki mokSa ke bAda bhI zarIra raha sakatA hai kyoMki yaha prArabdha karmoM kA phala hai parantu mukAtmA punaH kabhI apane ko vaha zarIra nahIM smjhtaa| saMsAra ke mithyA prapaMca meM vaha phira ThagA nahIM jaataa| zaMkarakA paravartI vedAnta sAhitya meM 'jIvana mukti ke nAma se vikhyAta hai bhAratIya darzana kI samAnatA meM yaha bhI hai ki tattvajJAna ke abhAva meM bandhana aura duHkha hotA hai| AtmAkA tatva jJAna ho jAne para mukti yA sukha kI prApti hotI hai| isIliye nididhyAsana aura Atma saMyama kI AvazyakatA batalAI hai| * aba hama jaina darzana kI mAnyatA kI aura dhyAna dete hai| ina kA kahanA hai ki jIva aura pudgala ke saMjoga ko bandhana kahate hai aura inakA viyoga hotA hi mokSa hai| pudgala kA viyoga taba hI hotA hai jaba naye pudgala kA Asrava banda ho aura jo jIva meM pahale se hI pravISTa hai vaha jIrNa ho jaay| pahale ko saMvara aura dUsare ko nirjara kahA hai jIva meM pudgala kA Asrava jIva ke antarnihita kaSAyoM ke kAraNa hotA hai| ina kaSAyoM kA kAraNa ajJAna hai| ajJAna kA nAza, jJAna kI prApti se ho sakatA hai| isake liye samyagjJAna yA tattvajJAna kA adhika mahatva hai| jo pUrNajJAna tIrthaMkaro yA anyamukta mahAtmAoM ke upadeza ke manana se hotA hai| inake upadeza isaliye lAbhadAyaka hote hai ki ve svayaM mokSa pAkara upadeza dete hai| triratna kA mahatva samajhanA Avazyaka hai tatvArthodhigama sUtrameM hI umAsvAmI ne kahA hai "samyagdarzana jJAna caritrANI mokSa mArga; / " jaina darzana meM yaha vizeSatA hai ki samyagjJAna kA honA hai| parantu tIrthaMkaroM ke upadeza kA AMkha mUMda kara mAna hai- jaina darzana yukti hIna nahIM varaM yuktipradhAna hai| unakA kahanA hai ki na merA mahAvIra ke prati koI pakSa pAta hai aura na kapila yA anya dArzanikoM ke prati dveSa meM yukti saMgata vacana ko mAnatA huuN| naye karmoM ko rokane va purAne karmoM ko naSTa karane ke liye jaina meM paMcamahAvrata ke pAlana kA vidhAna hai| satarkatA (saMyama ) kA avalambana, manavacana tathA karma meM gupti yA saMyama kA abhyAsa, dasaprakAra ke (kSamA, mArdaka, ArjaSa, satya, zauca, sayaMma, tapa, tyAga, akiMcana aura brAhmacarya) dharmokA AcaraNa jIva aura saMsAra ke yathArtha tatva ke sambandha meM bhAvanA rakhanI caahiye| jIva aura saMsAra ke yathArtha tatva ke sambandha meM bhAvanA rakhanI caahiye| bhUkha pyAsa zIta uSNa ke kaSTa yA udvega ko sahanA samatA, nirmalatA, nirlobhitA aura sacAritratA prApta karanI ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha Adi kA pAlana se naye karma se mukta honA hai| jIva aura pudgala kA saMyoga chUTa jAtA hai| artha - yathArtha jJAna ke prati zraddhA lenA nahIM hai| maNibhadra kahate niSkarSa ke rUpa meM triratna va paMca mahAvrata aura jo sanAtana dharma va hindu darzana meM dharma ke nimna lakSaNa hai 298 - satyaM dAnaM tathA zaucaM santoSo hI kSamArajayam / jJAnaM zamo dayA dhyAnaM, meSAM dharma sanAtanaH // vidyA aura zakti kA sahI upayoga karane se hI saMsAra mArga kalyANa evaM maMgalakAraka hotA hai|
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________________ anyaca kRti kSamA damoDa kSamoM 5 steyaM, zauca mindriya nigrh| dhIra vidyA satyama krodho, dazakaM dharma lkssnnN|| arthAta - satya, dhairya, kSamA, indriyoM ko aparAdha pravRti se rokanA, corI na karanA, pavitratA, indriyoM ko sAdhanA meM kendrita karanA, durvyasana kA tyAganA, avidyA ko miTAnA, krodha na karanA tathA santoSa rakhanA ityAdi jo ullekha hai| inameM prAya: paraspara siddhAnta: ekarupatA hI pratIta hotI hai| bhAratIya darzana (upaniSada, viziSTAdvaita, nyAya, sAMkhya va jaina) meM karma saMcita karma kA jIrNa karanA, sukhavAda kA tyAga, tathA tattvajJAna kI prApti, inameM mUla siddhAntoM kI prApti meM eka mata sA hai| ho sakatA hai inheM rupa dene meM bhinnatA pratIta ho| mokSa prApta punarjanma se mukti pAnA hI hai| pUrvajanmakI mAnyatA hI punarjanma ke siddhAnta para vizvAsa utpanna karatA hai| bauddha darzana meM karma ke bheda va dUsare bheda meM punarjanma kA ullekha kiyA hai| vahIM nirvANa ke prathama lAbha meM punarjanma kA varNana hai| nyAya ne kahA hai - saMcita karma bhoga lene para phira vaha janmagrahaNa ke cakra meM nahIM pdd'taa| yaha punarjanma se mukti hI hai| vedAnta meM saMcita, prArabdha aura kriyamANa yA saMcIyamAna ye tIna prakAra ke karma hai| tattvajJAna se saMcita karma kA kSaya tathA kriyamANa karma kA nivAraNa hotA hai| isa prakAra pUrvajanma ke baMdhana se chuTakArA mila jAtA hai jaina darzanane bhI punajanma ko mAnA hai| nyAya aura vedAnta ne saMcita karma kA samarthana karate hue likhA hai ki saMcita karma ke kAraNa janma-purnajanma ke cakra meM par3ane se aneka zarIra dhAraNa karanA par3atA hai| prAya: samasta bhAratIya darzana meM sAmaMjasyatA kisI na kisI rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| aNu-paramANuvAda ke rupa meM bhI aisA hI vivecana hai| kaThopaniSada meM AtmA kA nivAsa aNu se bhI aNutara aura mahAna se bhI mahattA batalAyA hai| nyAya vaizeSika ke anusAra mana ko aNu kahA hai| jar3ajagata ko cAra prakAra ke paramANuoM se banA huA kahA hai| paramANu nitya evaM aparivartana zIta hote hai| vaizeSika kI dRSTi se saMsAra ke sabhI kArya dravya cAra prakAra ke paramANuoM (pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu) se banate hai| isI liye vaizeSika mata ko paramANu bAda (Atomism) bhI kahate hai| kaNAda kA paramANuvAda pAzcAtya se bhinna hai| do paramANuo kA prathama saMyoga "drayaNuka" hai| tIna drayaNuka kA saMyoga tryuNuka yA trasareNu kahalAtA hai| paramANuoM kI gati yA karma ke phalasvarupa unake saMyoga hote hai| jaina darzana - pudgala ke sabase choTe bhAga ko jisakA aura vibhAga nahIM ho sakatA use aNu kahatA hai| yahAM nyAya vaizeSika kA paramANu se jar3ajagata kA sambandha pudgala ke aNu se milatA julatA hai| drayaNuka kA vaha bhAga jo sUkSmAti sUkSma hai, jisakA bhAga honA saMbhava nahIM hai| __bhAratIya darzana meM jaina kAla bhI ati prAcina hai| isameM rupAntara yA sampradAya bheda samayAnusAra hotA rahA hai| eka dUsare darzana ke vicAra lenA yA chor3anA athavA naye DhaMga se pratipAdana karane kI paraMparA kA krama calatA A rahA hai| yaha vizeSatA prAya: yahAM ke sabhI darzana meM dekhane ko milegii| itanA bhI nizcaya hai ki dharma meM vijJAna kA samAveSa bhI dekhane ko milatA hai| jaina dharma meM bhI jIo aura jIne do ke liye paMca mahAvrata kA pAlana sahAyaka hai| sanyAsopaniSad vizva meM, tInoM lokoM meM yadi koI mahAmaMtra hai to vaha haiM mana ko vaza meM krnaa| 299
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________________ meM citrazuddhi va AzA IrSyA tathA ahaMkAra ko tyAgane vAlA sanyAsI hai| AhAra ke liye samyaka caritra meM bhikSA Adi grahaNa karane meM jo sImita satarkatA kA udAharaNa hai| usI draSTi se 'bhikSukopaniSada meM AThapAsa bhojana kA vidhAna hai| gItA 6 a.17 vAM zlo. meM likhA hai - yukrAhAra vihArasya, yukta ceSTasaya krmsu| yukta svapnA va bodhasya, yogobhavati duHsvhaa|| arthAta du:kho kA nAzakarane vAlA yoga yuktipUrvaka AhAra-vihAra karanA, karmoM meM yathA yogya ceSTA tathA yathA yogyazayana va jAgane vAlA hI siddha hotA hai| jAnAmi dharma na ca me pravRti, jAnAmya dharma na ca me nivRti| paMcadazI 6.176 // tRSNAoM tathA nIca pravRtiyoM meM rahanA dharma nhiiN| unakI nivRtti hI dharma hai| sAdhAraNata: hamAre karma rAga dveSa se utpanna hote hai| hamArI jJAnendriya inhIM ke anusAra kArya kahatI hai| paMcayama - ahiMsA, satya, corI na karanA, brahmacarya aura lobha na krnaa| paMcaniyama-pavitratA, santoSa taya, svAdhyaya, tathA prnnighaat| ye bhAratIya darzana meM jaina darzana kI eka rupatA kA dyotaka hai| isa lekha kI iti zrI se pUrva jaina darzana kA syAdavAda kI prazaMsA kiye binA nahIM raha sktaa| kyoMki syAdavAda meM udAratA dikhAI detI hai| ve anyAnya dArzanika vicAroMko nagaNya nahIM samajhate yA kisI darzana kI haThokti ko nahIM mAnate ki kevala usI ke vicAra satya hai| aisI haThokti meM ekAnta vAda kA doSa rahatA hai| isaliye dRSTi kA sAmya honA Avazyaka hai| aneka matoM ke prati samAdarabhAva ke kAraNa anekAMta vAda tathA syAdavAda hai| anekAMtavAda ke anusAra vastu meM aneka prakAra ke dharma pAe jAte haiN| syAdavAda ke anusAra koI bhI vicAra nirapekSya satya nahIM hotaa| eka hI vastuke sambandha meM dRSTi avasthI Adi bhedoMke kAraNa bhinnabhinna vicAra satya ho sakate hai| darzana viSaya ke isa vizIlatama maMthanAmRtameM se samaya aura zakti ke anusAra yada kincita aMza ke rupa meM yahAM prastuta karane kA yathA saMbhava prayAsa kiyA hai| vaidya muralIdhara zrImAlI "sAdhaka" nagarapariSada bhaNDAra ke pAsa, rAjanera roDa vIkAnera (rAjasthAna) - 334001 * apane Apa sammAna sahika sanmArga para jo AtA hai usake aMta:karaNa meM AtmakalyANa, Atmadarzana aura Atmavaibhava kA prakAza prasphuTita ho advitIya ujjvalatA pradAna karatA hai| 300 mana kI pakhaDiyAM jaba ekyatA ke sUtra se pRthaka ho jAtI haiM to pratyeka mAnavIya prayatna saphala nahaM ho skte|