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________________ bhAratIya ciMtana meM dAna kI mahimA bAbUlAla jaina 'ujjvala' bambaI sampAdaka - samagra jaina cAturmAsa-sUcI jainaekatA-saMdeza... bhArata ke samasta dharmoM meM, isa tathya meM kisI bhI prakAra dene vAlA bhI dabAva se hI detA hai| Aja ke samAja kI sthiti kA vivAda nahIM hai ki 'dAna' eka mahAn dharma hai| dAna kI bheda- hI isa prakAra kI ho gaI hai ki lenA bhI par3atA hai aura denA bhI prabheda vyAkhyA evaM paribhASA cAhe vibhinna ho sakatI hai, parantu par3atA hai| na lene vAlA prasanna hai aura na dene vAlA hii| yahI 'dAna' eka prazasta dharma hai, isa satya meM jarA-bhI antara nahIM hai| kAraNa hai ki 'dAna' zabda se pUrva kucha vizeSaNa jor3a die gae haiM - dAna-dharma utanA hI purAnA hai, jitanI mAnavajAti hai| dAna kA jaise - 'karuNAdAna', 'anukampAdAna' evaM 'kIrtidAna' aadi| parva rUpa sahayoga hI rahA hogaa| saha-astitva ke lie paraspara vaidika SaDadarzanoM meM dAnamImAMsA - sahayoga Avazyaka bhI thaa| samAja meM sabhI prakAra ke vyakti / hote the - darbala bhI aura sabala bhii| azakta manaSya apane jIvana vaidika paramparA meM SaDdarzanoM meM sAMkhya-darzana aura vedAMta ko kaise dhAraNa kara sakatA hai? jIvana dhAraNa karane ke lie bhI darzana jJAna pradhAna rahe haiN| donoM meM jJAna ko atyaMta mahattva milA zakti kI AvazyakatA hai| zaktimAna manuSya hI apane jIvana hai| vahA~ AcAra ko gauNa sthAna milA hai| vedamUlaka SaDdarzanoM meM ko sacArU rUpa se calA sakatA thA aura vaha darbala sAthI kA eka mImAMsAdarzana ko chor3akara zeSa pA~ca darzanoM meM dAna kA koI sahayoga bhI kara sakatA thaa| yaha sahayoga samAnatA ke AdhAra para mahattva nahIM hai, na usakA vidhAna hai, na usakI vyAkhyA hI kI gaI kiyA jAtA thA aura yaha kisI prakAra kI zarta ke kiyA jAtA hai| thaa| na to sahayoga dene vAle meM ahaMbhAva hotA thA aura na sahayoga zramaNa-paramparA meM dAnamImAMsA pAne vAle meM dainya-bhAva hotA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apanI bhASA meM paraspara ke isa sahayoga ko 'saMvibhAga' kahA thaa| saMvibhAga vedaviruddha zramaNaparamparA meM tIna sampradAya prasiddha haiM - kA artha hai - samyaka rUpa se vibhAjita krnaa| jo kacha tamheM jainabauddha aura aajiivk| AjIvaka-paramparA kA pravartaka upalabdha haA hai vaha saba tamhArA apanA hI nahIM to gauzAlaka thaa| vaha niyativAdI ke rUpa meM bhAratIya darzanoM meM sAthI, par3ausI kA bhI usameM, sahabhAva thA sahayoga rahA hai| bahucarcita evaM vikhyAta thaa| usakI mAnyatA thI ki jo bhAva mahAvIra ke isa 'saMvibhA' meM na ahaM kA bhAva hai aura na hI niyata haiM, unheM badalA nahIM jA sktaa| Aja ke isa vartamAna yuga dInatA kA bhaav| isameM ekamAtra samatva bhAva hI vidyamAna hai| meM AjIvaka-sampradAya kA eka bhI graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai, ataH lene vAle ke mana meM jarA bhI glAni nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha apanA dAna ke sambandha meM gauzAlaka ke kyA vicAra the, kucha bhI kahA hI haka grahaNa kara rahAhai aura dene vAlA bhI yahI samajha rahA hai ki nahIM jA sktaa| usake niyativAdI siddhAMta ke anusAra to usakI maiM yaha dekara koI upakAra nahIM kara rahA huuN| lene vAlA meraa| vicAradhArA meM dAna kA koI phala nahIM hai| apanA hI bhAI hai, koI dUsarA nahIM hai| bauddha-paramparA meM AcAra kI pradhAnatA rahI hai| isa paramparA bAda meM AyA 'dAna' shbd| isameM na sahayoga kI sahRdayatA meM zIla ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| manuSya-jIvana meM utthAna ke lie hai aura na saMvibhAga kI vyavasthA evaM dArzanikatA hI hai| Aja jitane bhI prakAra ke satkarma hai, ve saba zIla meM samAhita ho jAte ke yuga meM 'dAna' zabda kAphI badanAma ho cukA hai| dene vAlA dAna / haiN| buddha ne zIla ko bahuta hI mahattva diyA hai| dAna bhI eka detA hai ahaMkAra meM rahakara aura lene vAlA grahItA letA hai, sira satkarma hai, ata: yaha bhI zIla kI hI sImA ke aMdara A jAtA nIcA krke| dene vAlA apane ko upakArI mAnatA hai aura lene hA vAlA apane ko upkRt| lene vAlA bAdhya hokara letA hai aura bauddha dharma meM buddhatva prApta karane ke lie jina dasa oriwordarbaridwardrowdrawbridwardwordwardwari M 25ideorardwaridwardwidwardririonitonitonitoridabrand
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________________ - patIndra sUrismArakagrantha - jaina-sAdhanA evaM AcAra --- pAramitAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, unameM se eka pAramitA dAna bhI kalyANa ho aura grahItA kA bhI kalyANa ho| dAtA svArtha - ko bhI mAnA gayA hai| dAna ke sambandha meM buddha ne 'dIghanikAya' meM rahita hokara de aura pAtra bhI svArthazUnya hokara grahaNa kre| vaha kahA hai ki 'satkArapUrvaka dAna do, apane hAtha se dAna do, mana se dAna, jisake dene se dAtA ke mana meM ahaM-bhAva na ho aura lene dAna do, doSarahita pavitra dAna do' isa prakAra ke dAna ko pavitra vAle ke mana meM dainyabhAva na ho| isa prakAra kA dAna vizuddha dAna dAna kahA gayA hai| buddha ne kahA hai ki zraddhA se diyA gayA dAna hai| yaha dAna hI vastutaH mokSa kA kAraNa hai| na dene vAloM para prazasta dAna hai| yadi dAna meM zraddhA-bhAva nahIM hai, to vaha dAna tuccha kisI prakAra kA bhAra aura na lene vAloM ko kisI prakAra kI dAna hai| dharma kA dAna saba dAnoM se bar3hakara hai| dharma kA rasa saba glaani| yaha bhava baMdhana kATane vAlA dAna hai| yaha bhava-paramparA rasoM se zreSTha hai| kA aMta karane vAlA dAna hai| jaina-paramparA meM bhI dAna ko eka satkarma mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra brAhmaNa aura AraNyaka-sAhitya meM bhI dAna jaina-dharma na ekAMta kriyAvAdI hai na ekAMta jJAnavAdI hai aura na ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata evaM saMskRta ekAMta zraddhAvAdI hI hai| zraddhA, jJAna aura AcaraNa ina tInoM ke mahAkAvyoM meM bhI dAna ke viSayoM meM kAphI vistAra se varNana karate samanvaya se hI mokSa kI saMprApti hotI hai, phira bhI jaina dharma ko hue dAna kI mahimA kA ullekha kiyA hai| sabhI ne dAna ko utkRSTa AcAra-pradhAna kahA jA sakatA hai| jJAna kitanA bhI U~cA ho, dAna kahA hai| kavi kAlidAsa, tulasI, kabIra, rahIma Adi kaviyoM yadi sAtha meM usakA AcaraNa nahIM hai, to jIvana kA utthAna nahIM ne bhI dAna kI mahimA sundara DhaMga se kahI hai| ho sktaa| jaina paramparA meM samyag darzana samyag jJAna aura bhArata ke dharmoM ke samAna bAhara se Ane vAla dharmoM - bhArata ke dharmoM ke samAna ba samyaga cAritra ko mokSa-mArga kahA gayA hai| dAna kA sambandha IsAI aura maslima dharmoM meM bhI dAna kA baDA hI mahattva mAnA caritra se hI mAnA gayA hai| AhAradAna, auSadhidAna aura abhayadAna gayA hai| ina dharmoM meM dAna kI mahimA kA hI varNana nahIM kiyA Adi aneka prakAra ke dAnoM kA varNana vividha graMthoM meM upalabdha gayA, balki dAna para bala bhI diyA gayA hai| dAna ke abhAva meM hotA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne 'sUtrakRtAMga' meM abhayadAna ko sabase IsA manuSya kA kalyANa nahIM maante| bAibila meM dAna ke viSaya zreSTha dAna kahA hai| meM kahA gayA hai ki tumhArA dAyA~ hAtha jo detA hai, use bAyA~ hAtha 'abhayadAna' hI sarvazreSTha dAna hai| dUsare ke prANoM kI rakSA hI na jAna sake, aisA dAna do| kuraAna meM dAna ke sambandha meM bahuta abhayadAna hai| Aja kI bhASA meM ise hI jIvanadAna kahA gayA hai| hI sundara kahA gayA hai ki prArthanA Izvara kI tarapha Adhe rAste bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki 'megha cAra prakAra ke hote haiM - eka taka le jAtI hai| upavAsa mahala ke dvAra taka pahu~cA detA hai aura garjanA karatA hai, para varSA nahIM krtaa| dUsarA varSA karatA hai, para dAna se hama andara praveza karate haiM / jisameM dAna dene kI zakti hai| garjanA nahIM krtaa| tIsarA garjanA bhI karatA hai aura varSA bhI usake pAsa dene ko kucha bhI nahIM aura jisameM dene kI zakti na karatA hai| cauthA na garjanA karatA hai aura na hI varSA karatA hai| megha ho, vaha saba kucha dene ko taiyAra rahatA hai| ata: dAna denA utanA ke samAna manuSya bhI cAra prakAra ke hote haiM - kucha bolate haiM, dete sarala nahIM hai, jitanA samajha liyA jAtA hai| dAna se bar3hakara nhiiN| kucha dete haiM, kintu kabhI bolate nhiiN| kucha bolate bhI haiM aura anya koI pavitra dharma nahIM hai| eka kavi ne bahuta hI sundara kahA dete bhI haiN| kucha na bolate haiM, na dete hI haiN| isa kathana se dAna kI hai ki dAna se sabhI prANI vaza meM ho jAte haiM, dAna se zatrutA kA mahimA evaM garimA spaSTa ho jAtI hai| jainaparamparA meM dharma ke cAra nAza ho jAtA hai| dAna se parAyA bhI apanA ho jAtA hai| dAna aMga svIkAra kie gaye haiM - dAnazIla, tapa evaM bhaav| inameM dAna hI mahimA sabhI vipattiyoM kA nAza kara detA hai| isa prakAra samasta mukhya evaM prathama hai| 'sukhavipAkasUtra' meM dAna kA hI gaurava gAyA sAhitya dAna se bharA par3A hai| dAna kI paramparA saMsAra meM bhUtakAla meM gayA hai| bhI thii| vartamAna meM bhI hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI hamezA vidyamAna rhegii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bahuta sundara zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| jaina-paramparA meM AcArya amitagati ke dvArA likhA gayA 'madhAdAyI' aura 'mdhaajiivii'| dAna vahI zreSTha hai, jisase dAtA kA eka graMtha 'amitagati-zrAvakAcAra' meM bar3e vistAra ke sAtha dAna
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________________ - yatIndra sUri smArakagrantha - jaina-sAdhanA evaM AcAra - kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai| graMtha meM likhA hai ki dAna, pUjA, zIla dAna ke phala ke sambandha meM AcArya ne bahuta sundara kahA aura upavAsa bhavarUpa ko bhasma karane ke lie ye cAroM hI Aga hai, jaise - megha se girane vAlA jala ekarUpa hokara bhI nIce ke samAna hai| pUjA kA artha hai jinadeva kI bhkti| bhAva ke AdhAra ko pAkara aneka rUpoM meM pariNata ho jAtA hai, vaise hI sthAna para pUjA kA prayoga AcArya ne kiyA hai| dAtA ke kucha eka hI dAtA se milane vAlA dAna vibhinna - uttama, madhyama aura vizeSa gaNoM kA bhI AcArya ne apane graMtha meM ullekha kiyA hai - jaghanya pAtroM ko pAkara vibhinna phala vAlA ho jAtA hai| apAtra vinIta ho, bhogoM se ni:spRha ho, samadarzI ho, parISahasahI ho, ko die gae dAna ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa taraha kacce priyavAdI ho, matsararahita ho, saMghavatsala ho aura sevAparAyaNa bhI ghar3e meM DAlA gayA jala adhika dera taka nahIM Tika pAtA aura honA caahie| dAna kI mahimA kA varNana karate hue AcArya ne ghar3A bhI phUTa jAtA hai, vaise hI guNahIna arthAt apAtra ko diyA kahA hai ki jisa ghara meM se yogI ko bhojana na diyA gayA ho| usa gayA dAna bhI niSphala ho jAtA hai aura lene vAlA naSTa ho jAtA gRhastha ke bhojana se kyA prayojana? kubera kI nidhi bhI use mila hai| jAe, to kyA? AcArya ne apane graMtha meM cAra prakAra ke dAnoM kA varNana yogI kI zobhA dhyAna se hotI hai, tapasvI kI zobhA saMyama kiyA hai - abhayadAna, annadAna, auSadhadAna evaM shaastrdaan| zobhA dAna se hotI hai| jo bhojana karane se pUrva sAdhu ke Agamana kI pratIkSA karatA hai, sAdhu kA lAbha na milane para bhI vaha dAna kA bhAgI hai| dAna ke cAra bheda kahe haiM - abhayadAna, annadAna, auSadhadAna evaM jnyaandaan| annadAna ko AhAradAna bhI kahA jAtA hai aura sabase zreSTha dAna kahA gayA hai| maMgalapATha meM bhI dAna kI mahimA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai - "bhavi bhAvana bhAviye, bhAve kIje dAna / dAna se Aja pUre bhArata kI sabhI taraha kI saMsthAe~ jIvita uttama pAtra kahA gayA hai| dezavratadhAraka zrAvaka ko madhyama pAtra meM kacha nahIM bcegaa| dAna bhakAla meM bhI diyA jAtA thA. vartamAna kahA hai| aviratasamyaga dRSTi ko jaghanya pAtra kahA gayA hai| meM bhI diyA jAtA hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI diyA jAtA rhegaa| kabIra vidhipUrvaka diyA gayA thor3A dAna bhI mahAphala pradAna karatA ne kahA bhI hai - hai, jisa prakAra dharatI meM boyA gayA choTA-sA vaTa-bIja bhI samaya cir3I coMca bhara le gayI, nadI na ghaTiyo nIra, para eka vizAla vRkSa ke rUpa meM cAroM ora phaila jAtA hai, jisakI dAna dene se dhana na ghaTe, kaha gae dAsa kabIra / chAyA meM hajAroM prANI sukha bhoga karate haiM, usI prakAra vidhi-sahita dAna kI mahimA sarvopari hai,sabhI dAnoM meM abhayadAna sarvopari choTA-sA dAna bhI mahAphala detA hai| jaya jinendra