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________________ bhAgavata ke racanA kAla ke sandarbha meM jaina sAhitya ke kucha pramANa bhAgavata hindU paramparA kA eka ati mahattvapUrNa aura zraddhAspada grantha hai| isa grantha meM mukhya rUpa se zrIkRSNa aura unake parijanoM ke jIvanavRtta kA ullekha huA hai| isI grantha meM sarvaprathama gopiyoM ke sAtha unakI rAsalIlA kA bhI ullekha hai / isI AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne ise mahAbhArata se paravartI mAnA hai| isake racanAkAla ko lekara vidvAnoM meM paryApta matabheda haiN| jahA~ paramparAgata vidvAna ise veda vyAsa kI kRti mAnakara isakA racanAkAla IsA se bhI tIna hajAra varSa pUrva mAnate haiM vahIM kucha pAzcAtya paramparA se prabhAvita vidvAna isako bopadeva kI racanA mAnakara isakA racanAkAla IsA kI terahavIM zatI mAnate haiN| isase bhI Age bar3hakara kucha vidvAnoM ne isake rAsalIlA vAle aMza ko solahavIM zatI kA siddha kiyA hai| prastuta Alekha meM hama jaina sAhitya meM bhAgavata ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para isake racanAkAla ke sambandha meM vicAra kreNge| jaina grantha nandIsUtra (I. kI pA~cavI zatI) meM zruta ke do bhedoM - samyakazruta aura mithyAzruta kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isa carcA ke prasaMga meM graMthakAra ne mithyAzruta se sambandhita granthoM ke nAmoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| isa ullekha meM bhAgavata kA bhI ullekha huA hai| bhAgavata ke racanAkAla ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda rahA haiM ve use IsA pUrva se lekara IsA kI navIM zatI ke madhya racita mAnate haiN| phira bhI sAmAnya avadhAraNA use pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kA grantha mAnatI hai / aisI sthiti meM yaha prazna ubharakara sAmane AtA hai ki yA to hama bhAgavata kA racanAkAla lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatI se pUrva mAneM yA phira nandIsUtra ko pA~cavIM zatI ke uttarArdha ke bAda kA grantha maaneN| kintu dUsarA vikalpa isalie sambhava nahIM hai ki nandIsUtra kA racanAkAla lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha sunizcita hI hai| usake racayitA devavAcaka ko devardhigaNi kA guru mAnA gayA hai| devardhigaNi kA astitva vIra nirvANa saMvat 980 arthAt I. san 453 meM vallabhI vAcanA ke samaya thA, yaha eka sunizcita satya hai| ataH nandIsUtra ke racanAkAla ko IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha se nIce nahIM lAyA jA sktaa| prazna yaha uThatA hai ki kyA bhAgavata kI racanA nandIsUtra kI racanA ke pUrva ho cukI thii| nizcaya hI
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________________ bhAgavata ke racanA kAla ke sandarbha meM jaina sAhitya ke kucha pramANa : 143 adhikAMza vidvat varga isI mata kA hai ki bhAgavata kI racanA pA~cavIM zatAbdI se bahuta paravartI hai| isa prakAra yadi hama nandIsUtra meM bhAgavata ke ullekha ko svIkAra karate haiM to hameM do vikalpoM meM se kisI eka ko svIkAra karanA hogaa| yA to hama yaha mAne ki nandIsUtra ke kAla meM bhAgavata kA astitva thA yA yaha mAne ki nandIsUtra kI racanA pA~cavIM zatI ke bAda hii| isa samasyA ke sandarbha meM hamane gaharAI se vicAra kiyaa| prastuta prasaMga meM hameM nandIsUtra ke mUla-pATha meM hI do pAThAntara dekhane ko mile haiN| AcArya malayagiri ne nandIsUtra kI vRtti (IsA kI terahavIM zatI) meM jo mUla pATha diyA hai usameM spaSTa rUpa se bhAgavata kA ullekha hai kintu jaba hama nandIcUrNi (IsA kI sAtavIM zatI) kA mUlapATha lete haiM to usa pATha meM spaSTa rUpa se bhAgavata kA ullekha nahIM hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki nandIsUtra ke mUla pATha meM bhAgavata kA ullekha eka paravartI ghaTanA hai jo usameM nandIcUrNi ke bhI pazcAt praviSTa kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH bhAgavata kA ullekha usameM AThavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt evaM terahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva hI kabhI prakSipta kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki AThavIM zatI meM haribhadra bhI nandIvRtti ke mUla pATha meM bhAgavata kA ullekha nahIM karate haiN| isa carcA se yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki AgamoM ke pATha nirdhAraNa meM jaba bhI vRttiyoM, TIkAoM aura cUrNiyoM ke pATha meM antara ho to hameM cUrNigata pAThoM ko hI prAcIna evaM pramANa mAnakara nirNaya lenA hogaa| yahA~ hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki malayagiri kI vRtti (I. terahavIM zatI) meM mUla pATha meM jo bhAgavata Adi kA ullekha huA hai vaha nizcaya hI eka paravartI kAla meM kiyA gayA prakSepa hai aura mUla grantha kA aMga nahIM hai| isI krama meM hamane haribhadra sUri (IsA kI AThavIM zatI kA pUrvArdha) kI nandIsUtra kI vRtti ke mUlapATha ko bhI dekhA, vaha pATha bhI cUrNi ke pATha ke anurUpa hI hai, usameM bhI bhAgavata kA ullekha nahIM hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki jaina srotoM ke AdhAra para bhAgavata kI racanA I.sana kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt aura I.san kI terahavIM zatI ke pUrva arthAt donoM ke madhya kabhI bhI huI hogii| yAkinIsUnu haribhadra ke kAla taka arthAt IsA kI AThavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha taka bhAgavata kI racanA nahIM huI thI anyathA cUrNikAra jinadAsa (7vIM zatI) aura AcArya haribhadra (8vIM zatI) apanI sUciyoM meM kahIM to usakA ullekha karate hii| zrI zAntanuvihArI dvivedI ne kalyANa ke bhAgavata aMka meM bhAgavata kI racanA ko vyAsakRta siddha karate hue usakA racanAkAla Aja se pA~ca hajAra varSa pUrva siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| kintu unhoMne apane pakSa meM jo bhI pramANa
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________________ 144 prastuta kiye haiM ve IsA kI AThavIM zatI ke pUrva nahIM jaate| unhoMne madhvAcArya, rAmAnuja, hemAdri, zaMkarAcArya, citsukhAcArya Adi ke granthoM se jo pramANa prastuta kiye haiM ve bhI use IsA kI AThavIM zatI ke pUrva siddha nahIM krte| unhoMne apane pakSa ke samarthana meM sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI ke sarasvatI bhavana kI eka prAcIna hastaprata kA chAyAcitra bhI prastuta kiyA hai usakI zAradA lipi prAcIna hai, vaha par3I mAtrA kI pandrahavIM-solahavIM zatI ke jaina hastapratoM kI devanAgarI lipi ke lagabhaga samarUpa hai| adhika se adhika unase sau varSa pUrva kI ho sakatI hai| AcArya zaMkara ko jo ve I.pU. pA~cavI zatI meM sthApita karate haiM, vaha mata bhI pramANoM ke AdhAra para vicAra karane vAle vidvAnoM ko mAnya nahIM hai| unhoMne rAjazAhI jile ke jamAlagaMja sTezana se pA~ca kilomITara dUra sthita pahAr3apura se upalabdha rAdhAkRSNa kI mUrti kA ullekha karake yaha batAnA cAhA hai ki rAdhAkRSNa kI upAsanA prAcIna hai| yaha satya hai ki pahAr3apura ( vaTagohalI) se IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke kucha purAtAttvika avazeSa prApta hue haiM, usameM isI kAla kA paMcastUpAnvaya kA jaina abhilekha bhI hai| kintu vahAM se prApta sabhI sAmagrI pA~cavI zatI kI hai, yaha mAna lenA ucita nahIM hai| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI se jo jaina avazeSa prApta hue the ve I. pU. dUsarI zatI se IsA kI gyArahavIM zatI taka ke haiN| ataH yaha sambhava hai ki vaha rAdhAkRSNa kI mUrti paravartI kAla kI ho| jahAM taka rAdhAkRSNa kI upAsanA kI prAcInatA kA prazna hai, zrImadbhAgavata meM bhI mAtra gopiyoM kA ullekha hai, rAdhA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| ataH rAdhA kI saMkalpanA to bhAgavata ke bhI bAda kI hai| jaina granthoM meM kRSNa aura pradyumna ke ullekha lagabhaga IsA kI tIsarI cauthI zatI se vartamAna yuga taka hue haiM, yahIM nahIM isa sambandha meM solahavIM - satrahavIM zatI taka jo svataMtra grantha bhI likhe gaye unameM bhI rAdhA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| jaina srotoM se rAdhA kI upAsanA kI prAcInatA siddha nahIM hotI hai / merA Alekha mAtra jaina srotoM para AdhArita hai, vidvAnoM se apekSA hai ki ve anya sAhityika evaM purAtAttvika srotoM ke AdhAra para isakA kAla nirNaya kreN| jahA~ taka bhAgavata ke racanA kAla kA prazna hai jaina srotoM ke AdhAra para vaha AThavIM zatI ke bAda kA hI grantha siddha hotA hai| sandarbha : 1. "se kiM taM micchAsu ? jaM imaM annANiehiM micchAdiDiehiM sacchaMdabuddhima ivigappiaM, taM jahA - bhArahaM rAmAyaNaM bhImAsurUkkhaM, koDillayaM sagaDabhadviAo khoDa (ghoDaga ) muhaM kappasiaM nAgasuhumaM kanagasattarI vaisesiaM buddhavayaNaM terAsiyaM kAviliaM
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________________ bhAgavata ke racanA kAla ke sandarbha meM jaina sAhitya ke kucha pramANa : 145 logAyayaM sadvitaMtaM mADharaM purANaM vAgaraNaM bhAgavaM pAyaMjalI pussadevayaM lehaM gaNiaM saugarUaM nADayAI ahavA bAvattarikalAo cattAri a veA sNgovNgaa|" nandIsUtra malayagiri kI TIkA kA mUlapATha, Aga suttANi saTIka bhAga 30, saM. munidIparatnasAgara - Agama zruta prakAzana, ahamadAbAda pR.187 2. "se ki taM micchasutaM? micchasuttaM jaM imaM aNNaNiehi micchaddiTTiehi sacchaMdabuddhi - mativiyappiyaM, taM jahA-bhArahaM, rAmAyaNaM, bhImAsurakkhaM koDallayaM sagabhadiyAoM khoDamuhaM kapyAsiyaM nAmasuhamaM kaNagasattarI vaisesiyaM buddhavayaNaM vesitaM kavilaM logAyataM saditaMtaM mADharaM purANaM vAgaraNaM NADagAdI ahavA bAvattarikalAo cattAri ya vedA sNgovNgaa|" nandIsUtra cUrNi kA mUlapATha pR. 49- prAkRta TeksTa sosAITI, ahamadAbAda 1966 3. "se kiM taM micchasutaM? micchasutaM jaM imaM aNNaNiehi micchaddiDiehi sacchaMdabuddhi - mativiyappiyaM, taM jahA-bhAraha, rAmAyaNaM, haMbhImAsurakkhaM koDAllayaM sagabhadiyAo khoDamuhaM kappAsiyaM nAmasuhumaM kaNagasattarI vaisesiyaM buddhakyaNaM vesitaM kavilaM logAyataM sadvitaMtaM mADharaM purANaM vAgaraNaM NADagAdI ahavA bAvattarikalAo cattAri ya vedA sNgovNgaa|" nandIsUtra ko haribhadrIya TIkA kA mUlapATha - pR. 64, prAkRta TeksTa sosAITI, ahamadAbAda 1966 4, kalyANa - bhAgavata aMka * gItApresa gorakhapura pR. 56-59