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________________ 5 bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA mahAnadiyoM kA saMtaraNa Aja ke vaicArika jagat meM eka prazna cakkara kATa rahA hai ki jaina bhikSu arthAt sAdhu-sAdhvI ko gahare aura vizAla jalarAzi vAle jalAdhAroM arthAt nadiyoM ko naukA se pAra karanA cAhie yA nahIM? aura kucha kama jalavAlI jaMghA - saMtArima nadiyoM ko bhI pairoM se calakara pAra karanA cAhie yA nahIM? isI prazna cakra - vyUha meM se kucha aura prazna bhI samAdhAna ke lie uTha khar3e hue haiM - kAra vAyuyAna Adi vAhana aura yAnoM kA bhI yathAprasaMga prayoga honA cAhie yA nahIM? yadi nadI saMtaraNa kA prazna ThIka taraha samAdhAna para pahu~ca jAtA hai, to anya prazna svataH samAdhAna pA lete haiN| kyoMki naukA-yAna Adi dvArA nadiyoM ko pAra karanA sarvAdhi ka hiMsA kA prasaMga hai| jalakAya ke asaMkhya jIvoM aura tadgata nigoda ke anantAnanta jIvoM kI hiMsA to hai hI, sAtha hI trasa kAya ke dvIMdrIya se lekara paJceMdriya jIvoM kI hiMsA taka kA bhI avazyaMbhAvI sambandha hai, nadiyoM kI jala-yAtrA se / ta zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra se pahale ke koI Agama upalabdha nahIM haiN| jo kucha bhI vAGamaya upalabdha hai, vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra aura taduttarakAlIna AcAryoM se sambandhi hai| prazna hai, bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dIkSita hone ke bAda ke jIvana kAla meM naukA kA prayoga kiyA yA nahIM? kucha sajjana kahate haiM - mUla Agama meM ullekha nahIM hai| ataH uttarakAlIna AcAryoM dvArA isa prakAra ke varNita prasaMga hameM mAnya nahIM haiN| yadi AgamoM ko hI mAnya rakhA jAe ekAnta rUpa se, to saikar3oM kriyA-kANDa aise haiM, jo Agama meM kahIM nahIM haiM, kintu hama unheM mAnyatA dete haiM / mukhavastrikA kisalie hai aura usakA kyA pariNAma hai? yaha kisa Agama se pramANita kiyA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA kA eka digambara varga mukhavastrikA rakhatA hI nahIM hai / jo zvetAmbara varga mukhavastrikA rakhatA hai, usameM bhI kucha hAtha meM rakhate haiM aura kucha hamezA mukha para bA~dhe rakhate haiN| kisI kI mukhavastrikA lambI hotI hai, to kisI kI caur3I / saMpradAya aura prAMtIya bheda se usake bhinna-bhinna AkAra-prakAra haiN| ye kisI Agama ke AdhAra se pramANita nahIM haiN| 62 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa -
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________________ eka vAra acitta huA pAnI punaH kisa Rtu meM kitane kAla bAda sacitta hotA hai? yaha kisa Agama ke AdhAra se mAnA jAtA hai| aneka sacitta vastue~ amuka prakAra ke prakSepaNa se kitane kAla bAda acitta hotI hai? yaha kisa Agama ke AdhAra se hai? zAstra, grantha Adi likhanA evaM rakhanA tathA pAtroM kI parigaNanA kisa mUla Agama se mAnI jAtI hai? vartamAna ke bIsa viharamAnoM ke nAma aura unase pratikramaNa Adi kI AjJA lenA, kisa Agama ke AdhAra para hai? jabaki ve svayaM paMca-pratikramaNa (dina-rAta Adi) ke pakSadhara nahIM haiM? sAtha hI vibhinna saMpradAyoM ke pratikramaNa Adi kI vibhinna vidhiyA~ kisa Agama ke AdhAra para haiM? kahA~ taka ginAyA jAe, saikar3o hI bAteM Agama meM na hone para bhI mAnI jAtI haiM, jo uttarakAlIna AcAryoM dvArA sthApita kI gaI haiN| ataH bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nadI saMtaraNa kA prazna bhI ekAnta rUpa se Agama ke 'hAM aura nA' ke sAtha jor3anA galata hai| yaha sarvathA siddha hai ki Agama bhI vikhaNDita haiN| ve apane rUpa meM Aja pUre-ke-pUre akhaNDa nahIM rahe haiN| eka Agama meM dUsare Agama kA svarUpa jo varNita hai, vaha usa Agama meM upalabdha nahIM hai| prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra hI isakA pramANa hai| antakRtadazAMga Adi sUtroM ke aneka adhyAya, jo sthAnAMga sUtra meM ullikhita haiM, ve Aja ina AgamoM meM upalabdha nahIM haiN| sAdhAraNa zAstrajJa bhI yaha saba dekha sakatA hai| AcArAMga sUtra kA sAtavA~ adhyAya pUrNatayA gAyaba hai| usakA eka akSara bhI upalabdha nahIM hai aaj| ataH bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nadI saMtaraNa evaM anya praznoM ke samAdhAna ke lie vartamAna khaNDita AgamoM para hI saba bAteM chor3a denA bauddhikatA se pare kI bAta hai| isa prakAra tarkahIna ekAnta andha Agraha se hama uttarakAlIna aneka mahAmAnya AcAryoM ko jhuThalAne kA prayatna kara rahe haiM, yaha kitanA durAgraha bharA dambha-jAla hai| ___ astu, hama yahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana ke lie ekAnta rUpa se AgamoM ko hI sarvAdhAra nahIM mAna sakate haiN| mUla AgamoM meM to mahAvIra kA jIvana-vRtta eka bUMda jitanA bhI nahIM hai| adhikatara varNana, jinheM hama mAnate haiM aura pracArita karate haiM, vaha saba uttarakAlIna AcAryoM ke mAnya granthoM meM hI hai| aura, ve AcArya aise haiM, jo bhagavAn ke pazcAt hote hue bhI kAphI adhika nikaTa haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra se 170 varSa bAda ke AcArya paMcama zrutakevalI, caturdaza bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA mahAnadiyoM kA saMtaraNa 63
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________________ pUrvavid bhadrabAhu svAmI ne Avazyaka niryakti meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana kI saMkSipta rUparekhA prastuta kI hai| digambara-zvetAmbara donoM paramparaoM meM mahAmAnya AcArya kI mahAmAnya kRti Avazyaka niyukti ke AdhAra para hama yahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI naukA-yAtrA ke kucha prasaMga upasthita kara rahe haiM, jo pIche ke sabhI AcAryoM ko mAnya rahe haiN| "surabhipuraM siddhadatto gaMgA kosiya viU ya khemlto| nAgasudADhe sIhe kaMbalasabalANaM jiNamahimA / / 469 / / vIravarassa bhagavato nAvArUDhassa kAsi uvsgg| micchAdiTThiparaddhaM kaMbalasabalA samuttAre / / 47111-1 -Avazyaka niyukti surabhipuraM bhagavAn gataH tatra gaMgA nAma nadI, siddhayAtro nAma nAvikaH, tatra nAvamArohati jane, kauziko mahAzakunAparaparyAyo vAsitavAn, khemalakazca zakunavidvAn avAdIt -yadi parametasya bhagavato prabhAvena jIvAMm iti, atrAntare nAgo nAgakumAraH, sudaMSTranAmA siMhajIvo, bhagavata upasarga kartumArabdhavAniti zeSaH, kaMbalazabalau ca nAgakumArau taM vArayitvA jinasya bhagavato mahimAM ckrtuH|" / -AcArya malayagiri TIkA uparyukta gAthA meM spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAdhanAkAla meM surabhipura ke pAsa gaMgA nadI naukA se pAra kI thii| usa samaya eka nAgakumAra asura ne bhagavAn para upasarga kiyA aura nAva DubAne lagA, to bhagavAna ke bhakta kaMbala aura zabala nAma devoM ne upasarga kA nivAraNa kiyaa| isa prakAra jinezvara deva kI mahimA kii| "vesalie paDimaM saMkho gaNarAya piuvayaMso y| gaNDaiAsari tinnocitto nAvAe bhginnisuo||494|| -Avazyaka niyukti vaizAlyAM nagaryAM zaMkho nAma gaNarAjaH pitRvayasyaH- siddhArtharAjamitraM bhagavataH pUjAmakarot tathA bhagavantaM vaNiggrAma prati pracalitamantarA gaNDakikAM saritaM - nadI tIrNaM nAvikaidhRtaM citraH zaMkharAjasya bhaginIsuto nAvA samAgacchan mocitavAn puujitvaaNshc| ___ -malayagiri TIkA 64 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa
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________________ ukta gAthA evaM TIkA kA bhAvArtha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra vaizAlI se vANijya grAma jA rahe the| bIca meM gaNDakI nadI ko pAra karane ke lie naukA para baitthe| nAvikoM ne naukA pAra karane kA mUlya na milane para bhagavAn ko pakar3a liyaa| kintu, citra nAma rAjakumAra ne bhagavAn ko chudd'aayaa| ___ uparyukta prAcIna kathana para se spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gaMgA aura gaNDakI jaisI mahAnadiyA~ naukAoM se pAra kI hai| bihAra prAnta meM Aja bhI gaNDakI aura gaMgA jala pravAha ke vistAra kI dRSTi se mahAn aitihAsika nadiyA~ haiN| svayaM lekhaka ne bhI bihAra pradeza kI apanI vihAra-yAtrA meM donoM nadiyoM ko pAra kiyA hai aura dekhA hai-inakA vizAla jl-prvaah| astu, Avazyaka niyukti jaise prAcInatama mahAn grantha meM nirdiSTa varNana se kauna vicArazIla vyakti inkAra kara sakatA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gaMgA aura gaMDakI jaisI nadiyA~ pAra nahIM kI? aura, bhI aneka nadiyoM ko aneka vAra pAra kiyA hogA, kintu ukta do prasaMga to upasargoM kI ghaTanAoM se sambandhita the, isalie ullekha meM A ge| anya nadI saMtaraNa sAdhAraNa hone se arthAt upasarga rahita hone se ullikhita nahIM kie ge| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prAkRta bhASA meM padya-baddha caritra ke lekhaka mahAna AcArya nemicandrasUri ne vi. saM. 1141 meM 'mahAvIra cariyaM' likhA hai| AcAryazrI ne apane grantha meM likhA hai "saMpatthio ya bhayavaM surahipuraM tattha antare gnggaa| to siddhadatta nAvaM ArUDho logamajjhammiM / / 96 / / ukta saMdarbha kA vistRta varNana karate hue AcArya zrI ne surabhipura ke pAsa gaMgA nadI ko naukA dvArA pAra karane kA ullekha kiyA hai aura vahA~ likhA hai -"saMcaliyA nAvA pattA agaahjle|" aura Avazyaka niyukti ke anurUpa upasarga aura upasarga nivAraNa kI vistRta carcA kI hai| AcArya guNacandrasUri ne prAkRta gadya meM pramukha rUpa se bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vistRta jIvana likhA hai| ukta 'mahAvIra cariyaM' meM bhI gaMgA mahAnadI ko naukA dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pAra kiyA, yaha spaSTa ullekha hai ___ "surabhipuraM aikkamiUNa saMpatto jalahipavAhANukArivAripasaraM sayalasariyApavaraM gNgaamhaaniN|" mahAvIra cariyaM guNacandrasUri, prastAva, 5 bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA mahAnadiyoM kA saMtaraNa 65
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________________ ukta prasaMga para AcAryazrI gaMgA ko 'jalahi' arthAt jaladhi (sAgara) kI upamA dI hai| aura use samagra nadiyoM meM vizAla mahAnadI batAyA hai| Age kI aneka gAthAoM meM to vistRta rUpa se gaMgA kI vizAlatA evaM bhISaNatA kA varNana karate hue aMtata: use maccha-kaccha magara Adi se yukta tathA bhISaNa AvRttavAlI bhI kahA hai| ___"raMgatamacchakacchavamayaroraga bhiissnnaavttN| pRSTha 178 nAvieNa paguNIkayA nAvA .... bhayapi aruhiUNaM Thio tIse egadese.. .payaTTA mahAvegeNa gaMtuM naavaa...| -vahI, prastAva 5 yaha varNana atIva vistRta rUpa se likhA gayA hai| kintu lekha kA kalevara bar3ha jAne se yahA~ kevala saMketa rUpa meM hI kucha ullekha kie haiN| AcAryazrI guNacandrasUri ne jisa prakAra gaMgA nadI ko naukA dvArA pAra karane kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai, usI prakAra vistAra ke sAtha naukArUDha hokara bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA gaNDakI nadI pAra karane kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| gaNDakI nadI kA varNana karate hue use bahuta adhika taraMgAkula, mahAn jalapUra se pUrita, atIva durvagAha tathA durgrAhya evaM raNabhUmi ke samAna dustara batAyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra jaba gaNDakI nadI pAra kara naukA se utara kara calane lage, taba nAvikoM ne mUlya ke lie unheM pakar3a liyA aura madhyAhna sayama taka unheM roke rkhaa| aura siddhArtha rAjA ke bAla-mitra zaMkha nAmaka gaNarAjA ke bhagini putra citra rAjakumAra ne bhagavAn ko nAvikoM se mukta kraayaa| varNana vistRta hai| hama yahA~ kevala naukArohaNa kA hI pATha de rahe haiM "taM ca sAmI nAvAe samuttinno samANo veluyApuliNaMsi mullanimittaM dhario naavigehi|" zrI guNacandrasUri, mahAvIra cariyaM, prastAva 7 pR. 224 gaMgA aura gaNDakI nadiyoM ko naukA dvArA pAra karane kA ukta varNana hI AcArya jinadAsa mahattara, AcArya hemacandra tathA AcArya zIlAMka Adi ne bhI apane mahAvIra caritroM meM aMkita kiyA hai| buddhimAnoM ke lie uparyukta ullekha hI naukArohaNa kI ghaTanA ko samajhane ke lie paryApta hai, adhika vistAra kI koI apekSA nahIM hai| prazna hai, kyA ye saba varNana kapola-kalpita haiM AcAryoM ne apanI kalpanA 66 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa
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________________ se hI yaha saba jor3a-tor3a lagAyA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu jaise zruta- kevalI bhalA kaise mithyA kalpanA kara sakate haiN| unhoMne Avazyaka niryukti meM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA naukArohaNa kA varNana kiyA hai| vahI madhya - kAla kI yAtrA karatA huA Aja taka hama logoM ke dvArA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ko avazya hI tatkAlIna khaNDa AgamoM meM se yA zruta - paramparA se varNana upalabdha huA hogA / AcArya bhadrabAhu jaise ko kalpita kathAkAra kahanA vicAra-: - mUDhatA ke sivA anya kucha nahIM hai| arahanta hone ke pazcAt eka prazna aura khar3A kiyA jAtA hai ki ye to unake chadmastha kAla kI ghaTanAe~ haiN| arahanta hone ke pazcAt nadI pAra karane kA koI varNana nahIM miltaa| jarA bhI buddhi se vicAra kiyA jAya, to chadmasthakAla to phira bhI sAdhvAcAra kI niyamAvalI se pratibaddha hai| usameM AcAra sambandhI vidhi - niSedha kI kucha vyavasthA nahIM rahatI hai| yadi rahatI hai, to phira svarNa siMhAsana, chatra caMvara, dundubhi, puSpa - vRSTi Adi kA varNana-jo samavAyAMga rAja praznIya Adi mUla AgamoM taka meM milate haiM, unakA samAdhAna kaise hogA ? sAdhu - AcAra se viparIta yaha AcaraNa kaise saMgata ho sakatA hai? ataH spaSTa hai ki arahanta hone ke pazcAt bhI gaMgA jaisI mahAnadiyA~ pAra kI hai| kintu, AcAryoM ne unake ullekha ko koI mahattva nahIM diyA / pUrva lekhAnusAra unakA kisI upasarga vizeSa varga se yadi sambandha hotA, to unakA ullekha kiyA jaataa| spaSTa hai, aisA koI upasarga vizeSa nadI sambandhI arhat kAla meM nahIM huaa| Agama ke sAtha tarka kA bhI apanA eka mahattva hai| jo bAta mUla meM spaSTa na ho, vaha yukti yukta tarka se spaSTa ho jAtI hai| kalpasUtra, Avazyaka niryukti Adi meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke chadmastha aura arahanta kAla ke 42 varSAvAsoM kA varNana hai| inhIM granthoM ke AdhAra para aura anya aitihAsika vidvAn purAtattvavettA paMDita munizrI kalyANa vijayajI evaM AcArya vijaya yazodevasUri Adi ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke arahantakAlIna cAturmAsoM kA varNana kiyA hai, usakI eka tAlikA prastuta hai| usa para se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne arahanta kAla meM bhI gaMgA mahAnadI pAra kI hai| gaMgA ke uttara meM vaizAlI, vANijya grAma aura mithilA hai aura gaMgA se dakSiNa bihAra meM rAjagRha, nAlaMdA hai, tAlikA para se Apa bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA mahAnadiyoM kA saMtaraNa 67 -
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________________ dekheMge ki vaizAlI, mithilA se rAjagRha aura rAjagRha se vaizAlI, vANijya grAma aura mithilA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke varSAvAsa hue haiN| aura ye varSAvAsa gaMgAnadI pAra kie binA kathamapi saMbhava nahIM haiN| varSAvAsa sthala kA nAma varSAvAsa sthala kA nAma terahavA~ rAjagRha untIsavA~ vaizAlI caudahavA~ vaizAlI tIsavA~ vANijya grAma paMdrahavA~ vANijya grAma ikatIsavA~ vaizAlI solahavA~ rAjagaha battIsavA~ vaizAlI satrahavA~ vANijyagrAma tettIsavA~ rAjagRha aThArahavA~ rAjagRha cautIsavA~ nAlandA unnIsavA~ rAjagRha paitIsavA~ rAjagRha bIsavA~ vaizAlI chattIsavA~ mithilA ikkIsavA~ vANijyagrAma saiMtIsavA~ rAjagRha bAIsavA~ rAjagRha ar3atIsavA~ nAlandA teIsavA~ vANijyagrAma uncAlIsavA~ mithilA caubIsavA~ rAjagRha cAlIsavA~ mithilA paccIsa se sattAisa mithilA ikatAlIsavA~ rAjagRha vANijyagrAma bayAlIsavA~ pAvA madhyamA (pAvApurI) uparyukta tAlikA para se spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne cAturmAsoM ke ina krama meM kitanI bAra gaMgA nadI ko pAra kiyA hai| bihAra kI bhaugolika sthiti kI thor3I-bahuta bhI jAnakArI rakhane vAlA patA lagA sakatA hai ki dakSiNa bihAra aura uttarI bihAra kA vibhAjana karane vAlI gaMgA nadI hai| isako pAra kie binA ye varSAvAsoM kA krama saMgati prApta nahIM kara sktaa| aura, gaMgA kA uttaraNa naukA dvArA hI haA hai, koI labdhi prayoga se, AkAza se ur3akara nhiiN| sAdhAraNa sAdhu ke lie labdhi-prayoga varjita hai. to arahanta ke lie to yaha prayoga ho hI kaise sakatA hai? akele to nahIM Ae haiN| sAtha meM hajAroM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA saMgha bhI aTThAIsavA~ *68 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa
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________________ rahA hai| itane bar3e saMgha kA AkAza se ur3akara Ane kI bAta karanA to bauddhika divAliyApana ke sivA aura kucha bhI nahIM hai| bhagavatI mallI unnIsaveM tIrthaMkara haiN| ve gaMgA nadI se uttara bihAra mithilA kI haiN| dIkSA lete hI usI dina unheM arhat-bhAva prApta ho cukA thaa| kyA unhoMne sArA arhat-jIvana mithilA meM hI gujArA? kyoMki mithilA ke Asa-pAsa bhI kitanI hI aitihAsika nadiyA~ haiN| kyA unheM pAra nahIM kiyA gayA? aura, sabase bar3I bAta hai unake nirvANa kii| unakA nirvANa gaMgA ke isa pAra dakSiNa bihAra ke sammet zikhara parvata para huA hai| batAie, gaMgA ko pAra kie binA ve kaise sammetzikhara phuNce| prastAvika viSaya kAphI spaSTa ho cukA hai, usake lie aba kucha aura adhika likhanA anAvazyaka hai| apekSA hai, durAgraha ko chor3akara sadAgraha ke sAtha satya ko svIkAra krnaa| prastuta prakaraNa kA upasaMhAra karate hue eka bAta para aura vicAra kara lete haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra aura anya vAGmaya meM naukA dvArA nadI saMtaraNa ke duSkAla, roga, rAjabhaya evaM mleccha AkramaNa Adi kucha kAraNa batAe gae haiM, jo bhikSu kI jIvana-rakSA se saMbandhita haiN| kintu, bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA gaMgA jaisI mahAnadI pAra karane meM aisA koI hetu nahIM hai-na chadmastha kAla meM aura na arahanta kAla meN| akAraNa yoM hI idhara-udhara ghUmane ke uddezya se to unhoMne nadI pAra nahIM kii| hetu to honA hI cAhie aura, vaha hetu chadmastha kAla meM asaMga sAdhanA rUpa vihAra-yAtrA aura arahanta kAla meM dharma-pracAra hI eka mAtra hetu pratibhAsita hote haiN| jarA taTasthatA se vicAra kareMge, to merA yaha niSkarSa avazya hI anAgrahI pAThaka ke mana-mastiSka meM avatarita hogaa| nigraMtha bhikSu-bhikSuNI dvArA nadI-saMtaraNa aMga-sAhitya kA prathama sUtra AcArAMga hai| sarva prathama nadI saMtaraNa kA ukta Agama ke advitIya zrutaskaMdha ke tRtIya iyaiSaNA adhyayana meM ullekha hai| vahA~ kisI vizeSa kAraNa kA ullekha kie binA vihAra-yAtrA meM nadI A jAe, to use naukA dvArA pAra karane kA varNana hai| sAgArI bhakta pratyAkhyAnakarake bhikSu naukA meM yathAsthAna baiTha jAtA hai| nadI kI jala-dhArA meM yadi use adhika bhAra bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA mahAnadiyoM kA saMtaraNa 69
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________________ samajha kara koI nAvika nadI meM pheMka de, to vaha pavamayANe arthAt tairakara nadI pAra kre| yadi bhaNDopakaraNa kA bhAra adhika ho aura usake phalasvarUpa use tairane meM bAdhA par3atI ho, to unheM jala-pravAha meM utAra kara DAla de aura halkA ho jaae| isa taraha laghubhUta hone se jaladhArA meM tairanA sahaja ho jAtA hai| yaha varNana spaSTa karatA hai ki bhikSu naukA dvArA nadI pAra kara sakatA hai? naukA dvArA hI nahIM, prasaMga A jAe to taira kara bhI pAra kara sakatA hai| prazna hai, saMthArA meM jAna-bujhakara hiMsAkArI naukA meM baiThakara kaise yAtrA kI jAtI hai? sAtha hI dhArA ke vizAla pravAha ko taTa taka kaise tairA jA sakatA hai? saMthArA meM isa prakAra kI sAvadha kriyA karanA, kyA ThIka hai? mUla Agama meM vidhAna to hai| samAdhAna hai-sAdhaka ke lie jIvana-rakSA kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| yadi jIvana-rakSA ke lie yaha saba-kucha kiyA jA sakatA hai, to kyA dharma pracArArtha evaM jina-zAsana kI garimA hetu naukA aura usase bhI alpa-hiMsaka yAMtrika-vAhanoM kA prayoga karane meM kyA bAdhA AtI hai? prastuta prasaMga ko dekhate hue yaha saMthArA kevala bhakta pratyAkhyAna rUpa hai arthAt bhojana kA prityaag| vaha bhI isalie ki prAyaH tUphAna, Avarta tathA atibhAra Adi ke kAraNa naukAe~ agAdha jala meM DUba jAtI haiM aura isa durghaTanA meM prANAnta bhI ho sakatA hai| ataH bhakta-pratyAkhyAna ke rUpa saMthArA, grahaNa kara liyA jAtA hai| naukArohaNa ke niSedha ke ativAdI kriyAkANDa ukta saMthAre kI prAyaH carcA kiyA karate haiM, unheM zAnta citta se isa para vicAra karanA caahie| __ukta prasaMga para hameM AcArya bhadrabAhu kA Avazyaka niyukti meM kiyA gayA kathana smRti-patha meM A jAtA hai-"sarvatra saMyama kI rakSA karanI caahie| yadi saMyama aura jIvana-rakSA ke madhya koI dvaMdva upasthita ho jAe, to saMyama kI apekSA jIvana kI hI rakSA karanI cAhie" "saMjamaheuM deho dhArijjai, so kao u tadabhAve saMjama - phAinimittaM, dehaparipAlaNA iTThA / / 47 // " ukta prasaMga para eka prazna vicArAdhIna hai| vaha yaha ki jaba aMga-sAhitya ke prathama aMga sUtra AcArAMga meM naukA dvArA nadI-saMtaraNa kA vistRta rUpa se ullekha hai, to yahA~ mahAnadI aura jaMghA saMtArima alpa nadI kA varNana kyoM nahIM 70 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa
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________________ kiyA gayA, jo prasaMgataH+ Avazyaka thaa| sAtha hI dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki eka mAsa meM tathA eka varSa kitanI bAra nadiyA~ pAra karanI, yaha bhI nahIM batAyA gayA, jo ki uttarakAlIna AgamoM meM varNita hai| kyA AcArAMga ke kAla meM tathAkathita naukA-yAtrA dvArA nadI pAra karane kI parigaNanA kI koI sthiti nahIM thI? vidvatjana isa para aitihAsika dRSTi se kucha vicAra kareM to acchA hai| bRhatkalpa sUtra ke caturtha uddezaka meM gaMgA, jamunA, sarayU, kozikA aura mahI-ina pA~ca mahArNava, mahAnadiyoM kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai "no kappai niggaMthANa niggaMthINa vA paMcamahaNNavAo mahAnadIo uThThiAo gaNiAo vjjiyaao| aMtomAsassa dukkhutto vA tikkhutto va uttarittae vA, saMtarittae vA taMjahA-gaMgAjamunAsarayUkosiyAmahI" -32 ttiikaa| bhAvArtha hai, ye pA~ca mahAnadiyA~ eka mahIne ke aMdara naukA dvArA athavA taira kara do bAra yA tIna bAra pAra nahIM karanI caahie| isakA artha hai, mahIne meM eka bAra to pAra kI hI jA sakatI hai| "dukkhutto vA tikkhutto" meM vA zabda hai, jisase yaha bhI phalita ho sakatA hai ki do vAra bhI pAra kI jA sakatI haiN| prazna hai, mahAnadiyA~ to zatadru, vipAsA, narmadA, kAberI, Adi anya bhI mahArNava nadiyA~ haiN| unake sambandha meM kucha nahIM kahA gyaa| kyA sUtrakAra ko itanI hI bhaugolika jAnakArI thI? yadyapi bhASyakara ne inase anya nadiyoM kI bhI kalpanA kI hai, phalitArtha ke rUpa meN| kintu, mUla pATha meM aisA kyoM nahIM hai? yaha prazna vicArAdhIna hai| ukta uddezaka meM hI uNAlA nagarI ke samIpa bahanevAlI erAvatI nadI kA varNana kiyA hai, jo kahIM jaMghA-saMtArima hai aura kahIM naukA-saMtArima hai| yaha nadI ardha yojana arthAt do kosa caur3I hai aura prAyaH jaMghA pramANa jala vAlI hai| ise pairoM dvArA pAra karane kA ullekha hai| bhaMDopakaraNa nadI ke taTa para rakha kara jala-mArga kI jA~ca karane ke lie nAlikA (eka vizeSa daMDa, jo apane parimANa se cAra aMgula U~cA hotA hai) lekara parale taTa taka jAe~ aura phira lauTakara bhaMDopakaraNa grahaNa kara tIsarI bAra pUrva parIkSita jala-mArga se nadI pAra kre| isa prakAra chaha kosa kI jala-yAtrA ho gaI hai| yaha bRhatkalpa bhASya kA varNana hai| yadi jaMghA-saMtArima jala-mArga na ho, to naukA dvArA bhI pAra karane kA ullekha hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA mahAnadiyoM kA saMtaraNa 71
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________________ "NAvovayaga taM pi jtnnaae| "bRhatkalpa bhASya, 5655 "kAraNe yatra navA'pyudakaM tIryate tatrApi yatanayA sNtrnniiym|.... parihAraparimANAnAmabhAve nAvA lepopariNA lepena saMghaTena vA gamyate na kshciddossH| -bRhatkalpa bhASya TIkA, 5656 ukta purAtana kathana para se spaSTa hai ki paristhiti vizeSa meM nAvAdi ke dvArA jala-yAtrA karane meM bhI koI doSa nahIM hai| prastuta meM nadI pAra karane ke aziva, bhikSA kA abhAva Adi aneka kAraNa batalAe haiN| prazna hai, yadi inhI kAraNoM se nadI pAra kI bAta hai, taba phira parigaNanA kaisI? do-tIna vAra ke bAda bhI aise hI kAraNa upasthita ho sakate haiN| taba bhikSu kyA kare? kyA ukta niSedha ko ekAnta mAnakara vahIM praNAnta kI sthiti prApta kara le? yadi jIvana-rakSA ke lie nadI pAra karanA hai, to anya vikaTa prazna upasthita hone para parigaNanA se adhika bhI apavAda svarUpa nadI pAra kI jA sakatI hai| astu, ukta parigaNanA ke pATha ko sAmAnya rUpa se hI grahaNa karanA apekSita hai, ekAntavAda ke rUpa meM nhiiN| samudra-yAtrA yadyapi samudra-gAminI naukA dvArA samudra-yAtrA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, para yaha bhI ekAnta nahIM hai| laMkA ke itihAsa se patA calatA hai ki laMkA ke rAjA khallatAMga (IsA se 109 varSa pUrva se lekara 103 varSa pUrva taka) kAla meM abhayagiri Adi para jaina muniyoM ke saMgha pahu~ca cuke the| aura, rAjA vaTTagAmi taka yaha saMgha laMkA meM rhaa| pazcAt paristhiti vizeSa ke kAraNa laMkA se zyAma (thAilaiMDa) ke lie prasthAna kara ge| yaha yAtrA samudra gAminI naukAoM ke dvArA huI hai| prastuta prasaMga ke lie 'TAimsa oNpha iMDiyA' evaM zrI amara bhAratI, agasta 84, pRSTha 32 meM suprasiddha itihAsajJa pI. bI. rAya caudharI kA prakAzita lekha dRSTavya hai| astu| samudra-yAtrA bhI ekAntaH prAcIna kAla meM niSiddha nahIM thii| jaina-darzana ekAntavAdI hai bhI nhiiN| usakA samagra AcAra aura darzana anekAnta kI dhurI para avasthita hai| ekAntavAdI ko samyak-dRSTi nahIM, mithyA-dRSTi mAnA gayA hai| 72 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa
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________________ prAyazcitta carcA nadI-saMtaraNa ke lie prAyazcitta kI bhI eka carcA hai sampradAya bheda se isake lie aneka prakAra ke choTe-bar3e prAyazcita lie jAte hai| kintu, vastutaH nadI-saMtaraNa kA koI prAyaztti hotA hai kyA? yadi hotA hai, to vaha kauna-sA? mahAna-zAstra-marmajJa AcArya zrI javAharalAlajI mahArAja Adi aneka manISI muni apavAda kA koI prAyazcitta nahIM mAnate the| jainAgama ratnAkara AcArya zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja ko bhI naukA dvArA nadI pAra karane kA prAyazcitta svIkRta nahIM thaa| unake dvArA vyAkhyAyita AcArAMga sUtra dvitIya zrutaskaMdha tRtIya adhyayana uddezaka eka ke TippaNa meM likhA hai-"nadI meM pAnI kI adhikatA ho to muni naukA dvArA use pAra kara sakatA hai| yaha apavAda mArga utsarga kI bhA~ti saMyama meM sahAyaka evaM nirdoSa mAnA gayA hai| kyoMki Agama meM isake lie prAyazcitta kA kahIM bhI vidhAna nahIM kiyA gayA hai|" AcArya caraNoM kI ukta bAta asaMgata nahIM hai| prAcIna kAla se hI utsarga aura apavAda donoM ko mArga hI mAnA gayA hai| yaha nahIM ki utsarga mArga hai aura apavAda apamArga yA kumArga hai| donoM hI apane-apane sthAna para zreyaskara evaM zaktizAlI hai| nirbala koI bhI nahIM hai| prastuta pratipAdya ke lie dekhie suprasiddha bRhat-kalpa kA bhASya tathA mahAn vyAkhyAkAra zrutadhara AcArya malayagiri kI vyaakhyaa| avidhi ko AzaMkA ke parihAra ke lie naukA Adi dvArA nadI pAra karane para 'iriyA pathika' kAyotsarga kA hI vidhAna hai| dRSTavya hai, nizIthasUtra ke trayodaza uddezaka kA bhASya "NAvAe -uttiNNo, iriyApahitAe kuNati ussggN"||4256|| pUrva lekha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA gaMgA nadI pAra karane kA ullekha hai| Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 471 kI vyAkhyA meM AcArya malayagiri ne cUrNi nirdiSTa pATha uddhRta kiyA hai, jisakA bhAvArtha hai|" gaMgA nadI pAra karane ke bAda taTa para 'iriyApathika' pratikramaNa kiyA aura Age prasthAna kara ge|" 'tato bhayavaM dagatIrAe iriyAvahiyaM paDikkamiuM ptthio|' AcArya nemicandra ne apane 'mahAvIra cariyaM' meM bhI aisA hI ullekha kiyA hai bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA mahAnadiyoM kA saMtaraNa 73
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________________ 'dagatIre paDikkamiuM iriyAvahiyA ya patthio bhyvN|'-mhaaviir cariyaM AcArya guNacandrasUri ne apane prAkRta gadyabaddha mahAvIra cariyaM meM bhI ukta kathana ko hI samAdRta kiyA hai io ya bhayavaM mahAvIro nAvuttinno saMto jalatIrami iriyAvahiyaM paDikkamiya surasariyA prisre| -AcArya guNacandra, mahAvIra cariyaM, pRSTha 181 kriyA-kANDa kI dRSTi se digambara-paramparA ugra kriyA-kANDI mAnI jAtI hai| ukta paramparA ke mahAn AcArya haiM, vIranandI saiddhAntika ckrvrtii| unake dvArA praNIta AcArasAra eka mAnya AcAra grantha hai| usameM bhI AcAryazrI ne malotsarga evaM nadI Adi utarane ke samaya kAyotsarga kA hI vidhAna kiyA hai "vyutsargontarmuhUrttAdikAlaM kaayvisrjnm| sadhyAnaM tanmalotsarganadyAdyuttaraNAdiSu / / " __-AcArasAra, SaSTho'dhikAra, 45 ukta zloka meM spaSTa hai ki nadI-saMtaraNa aura malotsarga rUpa pratiSThApana samiti donoM ko eka samAna mAnA gayA hai| isa lie donoM ke lie hI kAyotsarga mAtra kA vidhAna hai| zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM ke bIca kI eka madhyastha paraMparA rahI hai-yaapniiy-prNpraa| jaina saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAkaTAyana ke nirmAtA zrI zAkaTAyana, bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke kartA AcArya zivArya tathA aparAjitasUri jaise suprasiddha aneka vidvAn-AcArya isI paramparA ke haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI apanI suprakhyAta tattvagarbha TIkA 'vajayodayA 'meM kAyotsarga kA hI vidhAna kiyA hai "samAhitacitto droNyAdikamArohet, parakUle ca kAyotsargeNa tisstthet| tdticaarvypohaarth| evameva mahataH kAntArasya pravezani:kramaNayo -bhagavatI ArAdhanA TIkA, gAthA 152 ukta AcArya kA hI eka aura pramANa hai kAyotsarga ke sambandha meN| vaha kAyotsarga ke parimANa svarUpa kie jAne vAle zvAsocchvAsa kI gaNanA se sambandhi ta hai| prANI-vadhaAdi pA~coM hI aticAroM ke lie kAyotsarga kA kAla mAtra 108 zvAsocchvAsa mAnA gayA hai 74 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa
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________________ "pratyuSasi prANivadhAdiSu paMcasvaticAreSu aSTazatocchvAsamAtraH kAlaH kAyotsargaH kaaryH|"-bhgvtii ArAdhanA, TIkA, gAthA 118 prastuta prakaraNa ke samarthana meM pramANoM kA eka vistRta saMgraha hai| kintu, hama yahA~ mAnya AcAryoM ke paryApta pramANa upasthita kara cuke haiN| ataH aba adhi ka pAThoM kA ullekha karane kA koI vizeSa artha nahIM rhtaa| nadI-saMtaraNa ko pUrvAcArya bahuta adhika pApakArI evaM adharma nahIM mAnate the| yadi mAnate hote, to kevala antarmuhUrta kAla saMbaMdhI sImita zvAsocchavAsoM ke kAyotsarga se usakI zuddhi svIkAra nahIM krte| kisI bahuta bar3e tapa Adi prAyazcitta kA vidhAna krte| isa prakAra ke kAyotsarga to sAdhAraNa gocaracaryA, vihAra Adi ke sAdhAraNa kriyA ke hetu kie jAte haiN| ataH nadI -saMtaraNa ko ghora pApa batAte hue vyartha kA hallA macAnA zAstra-jJAna kI anabhijJatA kA hI dyotaka hai| hamArA vinamra nivedana hai ki mAnyatAoM kA Agraha chor3akara prastuta samAdhAna ke lie prAcIna paramparA ko hI mAnya karanA caahie| nadI-saMtaraNa ke hetu jIvana-rakSA sambandhI hI adhika hai| kintu, jIvana-rakSA kisalie? saMyama evaM dharma pAlana ke lie na? ataH dharma-pracAra ke hetu bhI usakA prayoga kiyA jAe, to yaha kalpanIya hI ThaharatA hai, akalpanIya nhiiN| dha rma-pracAra ke lie bRhatkalpa sUtra meM nirdiSTa aMga-magadha, kauzAmbI, thUNA aura kuNAla Adi ke madhya kSetra ko hI Arya-kSetra mAnA hai aura vahIM sAdhu-sAdhvI ko vihAra karane kA vidhAna hai, anyatra nhiiN| parantu, prAcInakAla se hI ukta kSetra ke bAhara vihAra hote rahe haiN| bRhatkalpa-sUtrakAra bhI kahate haiM ki jJAna-darzana Adi kI vRddhi hotI ho to ukta Arya kSetra se bAhara tathAkathita anArya kSetra meM vihAra ho sakatA hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki dharma sampAdana evaM dharma-pracAra mukhya hai| svAdhyAya kA antima paripAka bhI dharma-kathA meM hI hai| ataH nadI-saMtaraNa kI bhA~ti yadi deza-kAlAnusAra prasaMga vizeSa meM dharmapracArArtha kAra evaM vAyuyAna Adi zIghragAmI yAnoM kA prayoga kiyA jAe, to isameM kyA Apatti hai? kucha bhI to nhiiN| jabaki jIvana-rakSA ke lie, bhikSA jaise sAdhAraNa kArya ke lie bhI nadI pAra kI jA sakatI hai aura prAyazcitta kevala eka alpa kAlika kAyotsarga hI hai, to phira dharma-pracAra to viziSTa prayojana hai| vaha anartha nahIM, artha hai| aura, sAdhAraNa artha nahIM, viziSTa artha arthAt prayojana hai| yaha jina-zAsana kI prabhAvanA kA mukhya aMga hai| ise kaise apadastha kiyA jA sakatA hai? bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA mahAnadiyoM kA saMtaraNa 75
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________________ gaMgA jaisI mahAnadiyoM ke saMtaraNa meM kitanI mahAn hiMsA hotI hai? usakI tulanA meM ukta yAMtrika vAhanoM meM to kucha bhI hiMsA nahIM hai| buddhimAna vyaktiyoM ko pratyeka kArya meM Aya-vyaya evaM lAbha-hAni kA sUkSma buddhi se gaNita lagAnA hI caahie| andha-hasti kI taraha kevala sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke patha para daur3ate rahanA na prAcIna-yuga meM kucha artha rakhatA thA aura na Aja ke cintana pradhAna vaijJAnika yuga meM kucha artha rakhatA hai| satya ke upAsaka ko mAnyatAoM se Upara uThakara satya kI hI eka mAtra upAsanA karanA satya kI sAdhanA hai| isIlie zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne satya ko bhagavAn kahA hai - "saccaM khu bhagavaM" saMdarbha :1. yahI prasaMga bRhatkalpa bhASya tathA nizItha bhASya meM nirdiSTa hai vIravarassa bhagavato, nAvArUDhassakAsi uvsggN| micchAdiTThi paraddho, kaMbala-sabalehi titthaM c|| -bRhatkalpa bhASya 5628, nizItha bhASya 4218 2. saTThANe saTThANe, seyA baliNo ya huMti khalu ee| saTThANa - paraTThANA, ya huti vatthUto nippha / / 323 / / -ziSyaH pRcchati -kimutsargaH zreyAn balavA~zca?... utsarga-apavAdAzca svasthAne-svasthAne zreyAMso balinazca bhavanti, parasthAne-parasthAne-'zreyAMso durblaashc| -bRhatkalpa bhASya evaM TIkA 76 prajJA se dharma kI samIkSA - dvitIya puSpa