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________________ avatAravAda yA uttAravAda brAhmaga-saMskRti avatAravAda meM vizvAsa karatI hai, paraMtu zramaNa-saMskRti isa taraha kA vizvAsa nahIM rkhtii| zramaNa-saMskRti kA AdikAla se yahI Adarza rahA hai ki isa saMsAra ko banAne-bigAr3anevAlI zakti Izvara yA anya kisI nAma kI koI bhI sarvopari zakti nahIM hai| ataH jabaki loka-prakalpita sarvasatAdhArI Izvara hI koI nahIM hai, taba usake avatAra lene kI bAta ko to avakAza hI kahA~ rahatA hai ? yadi koI Izvara ho bhI, to vaha sarvajJa, zaktimAna kyoM nIce utara kara Ae? kyoM matsya, varAha evaM manuSya prAdi kA rUpa le ? kyA vaha jahA~ hai, vahA~ se hI apanI ananta zakti ke prabhAva se bhUmi kA bhAra haraNa nahIM kara sakatA ? avatAravAda banAma dAsya-bhAvanA * avatAravAda ke mUla meM eka prakAra se mAnava-mana kI hIna-bhAvanA hI kAma kara rahI hai| vaha yaha ki manuSya prAkhira manuSya hI hai| vaha kaise itane mahAn kArya kara sakatA haiM ? ataH saMsAra meM jitane bhI vizvopakArI mahAn puruSa hue haiM, ve vastutaH manuSya nahIM the, Izvara the aura Izvara ke avatAra the| Izvara the, tabhI to itane mahAn prAzcaryajanaka kArya kara ge| anyayA, becArA AdamI yaha saba-kucha kaise kara sakatA thA? avatAravAda kA bhAvArtha hI yaha hai--nIce utaro, hInatA kA anubhava kro| apane ko paMgu, bebasa, lAcAra smjho| jaba bhI kabhI mahAn kArya karane kA prasaMga Ae, deza yA dharma para ghire hue saMkaTa evaM atyAcAra ke bAdaloM ko vidhvaMsa karane kA avasara pAe, to basa Izvara ke pravatAra lene kA intajAra karo, saba prakAra se dIna-hIna evaM paMga manovatti se Izvara ke caraNoM meM zIta-se-zIghra avatAra lene ke lie pukAra kro| vahI saMkaTahArI hai, ataH vahI kucha parivartana lA sakatA hai| ___avatAravAda kahatA hai ki dekhanA, tuma kahIM kucha kara na baitthnaa| tuma manuSya ho, pAmara ho, tumhAre karane se kucha nahIM hogaa| Izvara kA kAma, bhalA do hAtha vAlA hAr3a-mAMsa kA piMjara kSudra manuSya kaise kara sakatA hai ? Izvara kI barAbarI karanA nAstikatA hai, paralesire kI mUrkhatA hai| isa prakAra avatAravAda apane mUlarUpa meM dAsya-bhAvanA kA pRSTha-poSaka hai| avatAravAda kI mAnyatA para khar3I kI gaI saMskRti manuSya kI zreSThatA evaM pavitratA meM vizvAsa nahIM rkhtii| usakI mUla bhASA meM manuSya eka dvipada jantu ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai| manuSya kA apanA bhaviSya usake apane hAtha meM nahIM hai, vaha ekamAtra jaganniyaMtA Izvara ke hAtha meM hai| vaha, jo cAhe kara sakatA hai / manuSya usake hAtha kI kaThaputalI mAtra hai| purANoM kI bhASA meM vaha 'kartumakartumanyathAkartum' ke rUpa meM sarvataMtra svataMtra hai, vizva kA sarvAdhikArI samrAT hai / gItA meM kahA gayA hai "bhrAmayan sarvabhUtAni yantrArUDhAni mAyayA"1 vaha saba jagat ko apanI mAyA se ghumA rahA hai, jaise kumhAra cAka para rakhe mRtpiDa ko, sUtradhAra jaise kASTha kI putaliyoM ko ghumAtA hai| manuSya kitanI hI U~cI sAdhanA kare, kitanA hI satya tathA ahiMsA ke U~ce zikharoM para 1. zrImad bhagavadgItA, 18 / 61. avatAravAda yA uttAravAda 77 Jain Education Intemational
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________________ vicaraNa kare, parantu vaha Izvara kabhI nahIM bana sakatA / manuSya ke vikAsa kI kucha sImA hai, aura vaha sImA Izvara kI icchA ke nIce hai| manuSya ko cAhie ki vaha usakI kRpA kA bhikhArI bana kara rahe, isIlie to zramaNetara-saMskRti kA Izvara kahatA hai-"manuSya ! tU merI zaraNa meM A, merA smaraNa kr| tU kyoM DaratA hai ? maiM tujhe saba pApoM se mukta kara dUMgA, zoka mata kara / hA~, mujhe apanA svAmI mAna aura apane ko merA dAsa!"2 basa itanI-sI zarta pUrI karanI hogI, aura kucha nahIM / avatAravAda yA zaraNavAda: koI bhI taTastha vicAraka isa bAta para vicAra kara sakatA hai ki yaha mAnyatA mAnavasamAja ke nItika bala ko ula ko ghaTAtI hai. yA nahIM? koI bhI samAja isa prakAra kI vicAraparamparA kA pracAra kara apane AcaraNa ke stara ko U~cA nahIM uThA sktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratavarSa kI janatA kA naitika-stara barAbara nIce giratA jA rahA hai| loga pApa se nahIM bacanA cAhate, sirpha pApa ke phala se bacanA cAhate haiN| aura pApa ke phala se bacane ke lie bhI kisI U~cI kaThora sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA nahIM mAnate, balki kevala Izvara yA Izvara ke avatAra rAma, kRSNa prAdi kI zaraNa meM pahu~ca jAnA hI inakI dRSTi meM sabase bar3I sAdhanA hai, basa isI se ber3A pAra ho jaaegaa| jahA~ mAtra apane manoraMjana ke lie tote ko rAmanAma raTAte hue vezyAe~ tara jAtI hoM aura marate samaya moha-vaza apane putra nArAyaNa ko pukArane bhara se sarvaniyantA nArAyaNa ke dUta daur3e Ate hoM evaM usa jIvana-bhara ke pApI ajAmila ko svarga meM le pahu~cate hoM, vahA~ bhalA jIvana kI naitikatA aura sadAcaraNa kI mahattA kA kyA mUlya raha jAtA hai ? sastI bhakti, dharmAcaraNa ke mahattva ko girA detI hai aura isa prakAra andha-bhakti se pallavita humA avatAravAda kA siddhAnta janatA meM 'zaraNavAda' ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| pApa karo, aura usake phala se bacane ke lie prabhu kI zaraNa meM cale jaao| avatAravAda ke Adarza kevala AdarzamAtra raha jAte haiM, ve janatA ke dvArA apanAne yogya yathArthatA ke rUpa meM kabhI nahIM utara pAte / ataeva jaba loga rAma-kRSNa Adi kisI avatArI mahApuruSa kI jIvana-lIlA sunate haiM, to kisI U~ce Adarza kI bAta Ane para jhaTa-paTa kaha uThate haiM ki "ahA, kyA kahanA hai ! ajI bhagavAn the, bhagavAn ! bhalA bhagavAn ke atirikta kauna dasarA yaha kAma kara sakatA hai!" isa prakAra hamAre prAcIna mahAparuSoM ke ahiMsA, dayA, satya, paropakAra Adi jitane bhI zreSTha evaM mahAna guNa haiM, una sabase avatAravAdI loga maha mor3a lete haiM, apane ko sApha vacA lete haiN| avatAravAdiyoM ke yahA~ jo kucha bhI hai, saba prabhu kI lIlA hai| vaha kevala sunane-bhara ke lie hai, AcaraNa karane ke lie nhiiN| bhalA, sarvazaktimAna Izvara ke kAmoM ko manuSya kahIM apane AcaraNa meM utAra sakatA hai ? avatAroM kA caritra : zravya yA kartavya ? kucha prasaMga to aise bhI Ate haiM, jo kevala doSoM ko DhaMkane kA hI prayatna karate haiN| jaba koI vicAraka, kisI bhI avatAra ke rUpa meM mAne jAnevAle vyakti kA jIvana caritra par3hatA hai, aura usameM koI naitika jIvana kI bhUla pAtA hai, to vaha vicAraka hone ke nAte ucita AlocanA karatA hai, acche ko acchA aura bure ko burA kahatA hai| kintu avatAravAdI loga vicAraka kA yaha adhikAra chIna lete haiN| aise prasaMgoM para ve prAyaH kahA karate haiM-"are, tuma kyA jAno? yaha saba usa mahAprabhu kI mAyA hai| vaha jo kucha bhI karatA hai, acchA hI karatA hai| jise hama Aja burAI samajhate hai, usameM bhI koI-na-koI bhalAI hI rahI hogI! hameM zraddhA rakhanI cAhie, Izvara kA apavAda nahIM karanA cAhie !" isa prakAra avatAravAdI loga zraddhA kI duhAI dekara svatantra cintana evaM guNa-doSa ke parIkSaNa 2. ahaM tvAM sarvapApebhyo mokSayiSyAmi mA zucaH / -gItA 1866. pannA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Interational
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________________ kA siMha-dvAra sahasA banda kara dete haiN| zrImad bhAgavata ke dazama skandha meM jaba rAjA parIkSita ne zrI kRSNa kA gopiyoM ke sAtha unmukta vyavahAra kA varNana sunA, to vaha cauMka uThA / bhagavAn hokara isa prakAra amaryAdita AcaraNa ! kucha samajha meM nahIM AyA ! usa samaya zrI zukadevajI ne, kaisA anokhA tarka upasthita kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM-"rAjan ! mahApuruSoM ke jIvana sunane ke lie haiM, AcaraNa karane ke lie nhiiN|" koI bhI vicAraka isa samAdhAna-paddhati se santuSTa nahIM ho sktaa| ve mahApuruSa hamAre jIvana-nirmANa ke lie upayogI kaise ho sakate haiM, jinake jIvana-vRtta kevala sunane ke lie hoM, vidhi-niSedha ke rUpa meM apanAne ke lie nahIM ? kyA inake jIvana-caritroM se phalita honevAle AdarzoM ko apanAne ke lie avatAravAdI sAhityakAra janatA ko kucha gaharI preraNA dete haiM ? ina saba praznoM kA uttara yadi ImAnadArI se diyA jAe, to isa avatAravAda ko vicAra-paramparA meM ekamAtra nakAra ke atirikta, aura kucha bhI sthAna nahIM mila sktaa| 'avataraNa' nahIM, 'uttaraNa' : zramaNa-saMskRti kA Adarza, Izvara kA avatAra na hokara manuSya kA uttAra hai| yahA~ Izvara kA mAnava-rUpa meM avataraNa nahIM mAnA jAtA, pratyuta mAnava kA Izvara-rUpa meM uttaraNa mAnA jAtA hai| avataraNa kA artha hai--nIce kI ora pAnA aura uttaraNa kA artha hai--Upara kI ora jaanaa| hA~, to zramaNa-saMskRti meM manuSya se bar3hakara aura koI dUsarA zreSTha prANI nahIM hai| manuSya kevala hAr3a-mAMsa kA calatA-phiratA piMjara nahIM hai, pratyuta vaha ananta-ananta zaktiyoM kA puMja hai| vaha devatAoM kA bhI devatA hai, svayaMsiddha Izvara hai / parantu, jaba taka vaha saMsAra kI moha-mAyA ke kAraNa karma-mala se AcchAdita hai, taba taka vaha andhakAra se ghirA humA sUrya hai, phalataH prakAza de to kaise de ? sUrya ko prakAza dene se pahale rAtri ke saghana andhakAra ko cIrakara bAhara AnA hI hogaa| hA~ to, jyoM hI manuSya apane hoza meM AtA hai, apane vAstavika prAtma-svarUpa ko pahacAnatA hai, para-pariNati ko tyAga kara sva-pariNati ko apanAtA hai, to dhIre-dhIre nirmala, zuddha hotA calA jAtA hai, aura eka dina anantAnanta jagamagAtI huI AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kA puMja bana kara zuddha, buddha, paramAtmA, arhanta, brahma tathA Izvara bana jAtA hai / zramaNa-saMskRti meM AtmA kI carama zuddhadazA kA nAma hI Izvara hai, paramAtmA hai / isake atirikta aura koI anAdi-siddha Izvara nahIM hai| kahA bhI hai----"karma-baddho bhavejjIvaH, karmamuktastathA jinH|" yaha hai zramaNa-saMskRti kA uttAravAda, jo manuSya ko apanI hI Atma-sAdhanA ke bala para Izvara hone ke lie UrdhvamukhI preraNA detA hai| yaha manuSya ke anAdikAla se soye hue sAhasa ko jagAtA hai, vikasita karatA hai aura use satkarmoM kI ora utprerita karatA hai, kintu use pAmara manuSya' kahakara utsAha bhaMga nahIM krtaa| isa prakAra zramaNa-saMskRti mAnava-jAti ko sarvopari vikAsa-bindu kI ora agrasara honA sikhAtI hai| zramaNa-saMskRti kA hajAroM varSoM se yaha udghoSa rahA hai ki vaha sarvathA parokSa evaM ajJAta Izvara meM bilkula vizvAsa nahIM rkhtii| isake lie use tiraskAra, apamAna, lAJchanA, bhartsanA aura ghaNA, jo bhI kar3ave-se-kar3ave rUpa meM mila sakatI thI, milii| parantu vaha apane prazasta-patha se vicalita nahIM huii| usakI hara kadama para yahI dhvani rahI ki jisa Izvara nAmadhArI vyakti kI svarUpa-sambandhI koI nizcita rUpa-rekhA hamAre sAmane nahIM hai, jo anAdikAla se mAtra kalpanA kA viSaya hI rahA hai, jo sadA se alaukika hI rahatA calA AyA hai, vaha hama manuSyoM ko kyA Adarza sikhA sakatA hai ? usake jIvana evaM vyaktitva se hameM kyA kucha mila sakatA hai ? hama manuSyoM ke lie to vahI ArAdhyadeva prAdarza ho sakatA hai, jo kabhI hamAre jaisA manuSya rahA ho, hamAre samAna hI saMsAra ke sukha-duHkha evaM mAyA-moha se saMtrasta rahA ho, aura bAda meM apane anubhava evaM AdhyAtmika-jAgaraNa ke bala se saMsAra ke samasta sukha-bhogoM ko ThukarA kara nirvANa-pada kA pUrNa adhikArI banA ho, phalasvarUpa sadA ke lie avatAravAda yA uttAravAda 76 Jain Education Interational
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________________ karma-bandhanoM se mukta hokara, rAga-dveSa se sarvathA rahita hokara, apane mokSa-svarUpa antima AdhyAtmika lakSya para pahuMca cukA ho| zramaNa-saMskRti ke tIrthaMkara, arhanta, jina evaM siddha saba isI zreNI ke sAdhaka the| ve koI prArambha se hI Izvara na the, Izvara ke aMza yA avatAra bhI na the, alaukika devatA na the| ve bilkula hamArI taraha hI eka dina isa saMsAra ke sAmAnya prANI the, pApa-mala se lipta evaM duHkha, zoka, prAdhi, vyAdhi se saMtrasta the / indriya-sukha hI ekamAtra unakA dhyeya thA aura unhIM vaiSayika kalpanAoM ke pIche anAdi-kAla se nAnA prakAra ke kleza uThAte, janma-maraNa ke jhaMjhA samyak-darzana ke dvArA jar3a-cetana ke bheda ko samajhA, bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika sukha ke antara para vicAra kiyA, phalataH saMsAra kI vAsanAmoM se muha mor3a kara satpatha ke pathika bana gae aura Atma-saMyama kI sAdhanA meM lagAtAra aisI tapaHjyoti jagAI ki dRzya hI badala gyaa| tapaH sAdhanA ke bala para ekadina unhoMne mAnava kA vaisA divya jIvana prApta kiyA ki Atma-sAdhanA ke vikAsa evaM varadAna svarUpa arhanta, jina evaM tIrthakara ke rUpa meM prakaTa hue| zramaNa-saMskRti ke prAcIna dharma-granthoM meM Aja bhI unake patanotthAna-sambandhI aneka mahattvapUrNa citra evaM dharmasAdhanA ke kramabaddha caraNa-cinha milate haiM, jinase yaha siddha hotA hai ki pratyeka sAdhAraNa-jana meM jinatva ke aMkura hai, jo unheM apanI sAdhanA ke jala-siMcana se vikasita karake mahAvRkSa ke rUpa meM pallavita kara sakatA hai, use 'jinatva' kA amara-phala prApta ho sakatA hai| rAga-dveSavijetA arhantoM ke jIvana-sambandhI ucca Adarza, sAdhaka-jIvana ke lie kramabaddha abhyudaya evaM niHzreyasa ke rekhA-citra upasthita karate haiN| ataeva zramaNa-saMskRti kA uttAravAda kevala sunane-bhara ke lie nahIM hai, apitu jIvana ke hara aMga meM gaharA utArane ke lie hai| uttAravAda, mAnava-jAti ko pApa ke phala se bacane kI nahIM, apitu mUlataH pApa se hI bacane kI preraNA detA hai aura jIvana ke U~ce AdarzoM ke lie manuSyoM ke hRdaya meM ajara, amara, ananta satsAhasa kI akhaNDa-jyoti jagA detA hai| So pannA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Interational