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________________ Atma vikAsa kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana sAdhvI sudarzanAzrIjI, ema. e. pAhA cAvoka ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI bhAratIya darzana mokSa ko Atma vikAsa kI sarvocca sthiti mAnate haiM, kintu mokSa taka pahuMcane ke pahale usakA krama-vikAsa kaise hotA hai, isa para vibhinna dArzanikoM ke bhinna-bhinna vicAra dRSTigata hote haiN| ___ AtmA ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke pUrva bhautika-vikAsa ke saMbaMdha meM jaina darzana kI kyA mAnyatA hai isa para bhI thor3A jikra kara denA aprAsaMgika na hogaa| jainAgamoM meM jisa taraha AdhyAtmika vikAsa krama kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra bhautika vikAsa kA bhI jambU dvIpa prajJapti, tiloyapaNNatti, AvazyakacUrNi Adi graMthoM meM suspaSTa evaM kramabaddha varNana pAyA jAtA hai| vaise to, vikAsa ke vibhinna prakAra haiN| udAharaNa ke taura para zarIra se saMbaMdhita vikAsa, zArIrika vikAsa, mana se saMbaMdhita vikAsa, mAnasika vikAsa aura AtmA se saMbaMdhita vikAsa, Atmika vikAsa ityAdi / kintu mukhya rUpa se vyakti kA vikAsa do taraha se ho sakatA hai-eka to bhautika aura dUsarA AdhyAtmika / jainadarzana bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika donoM prakAra ke vikAsa ko mAnatA hai| bhautika vikAsa yAne utkarSa-apakarSamaya kAla cakra / yaha kAla cakra jaina darzana meM anavarata krama se gatizIla mAnA gayA hai| isa anavarata kAla cakra (bhautika vikAsa) ko "utsarpiNIkAla" aura avasarpiNI kAla do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai ____ isa taraha jaina darzana ke anusAra utsarpiNI ko vikAsonmukha kAla kahate haiM / isameM manuSya kI Ayu, bala, zakti, dhana, sukha Adi kramazaH apanA vikAsa karate rahate haiN| avasarpiNI ko hrAsonmukhakAla kahate haiN| isameM manuSya kA zarIra, bala, zakti Aya Adi kA kramagata hrAsa hotA rahatA hai| isa prakAra samaya ke anusAra manuSya kA krama-vikAsa (bhautika vikAsa) hotA rahatA hai| jaise AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI caudaha zreNiyAM vibhAjita haiM vaise hI bhautika vikAsa (utkarSa-apakarSa kAla) ko bhI chaha-chaha vargoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| avasarpiNIkAla:-(1) suSama suSama (2) suSama (3) suSamA duSama (4) duSama suSama (5) duSama (6) duSamA duSama / utsarpiNIkAla:--(1) duSamAduSama (2) duSama (3) duSamA suSama (4) suSamA duSama (5) suSama (6) suSamA suSama / isa taraha isa pUre kAla cakra (bhautika vikAsa) ko bAraha AroM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| yaha bhautika vikAsa anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai evaM ananta kAla taka calatA rhegaa| Adhunika vijJAna bhI vikAsavAda ko mAnatA hai, lekina vaha AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko nahIM mAnatA / isa saMdarbha meM pAzcAtya dArzanika DAravina kA vikAsavAda ullekhanIya hai / usake vikAsavAda meM sUkSma jantuoM meM se manuSya taka ke svarUpa kA nirmANa kaise huvA / isa saMbaMdha meM prakAza jarUra DAlA gayA hai kintu sUkSma jantuoM se lekara mAnava paryanta jo vikAsa krama batAyA gayA hai usameM mahaja vikAsa kA varNana hai, patana ke lie koI sthAna yA avakAza nahIM hai / kintu jaina darzana ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM aisI sthiti nahIM hai / jaina darzana meM vikAsa kA prAraMbha hone ke bAda bhI patana ke prasaMga aneka bAra Ate haiM aura AtmA gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahuMcakara bhI patita ho jAtI hai / ataH jaina darzana kA Atma-vikAsa kA siddhAnta Aroha-avaroha kA hai, jabaki DAravina kA vikAsavAda Aroha kA hone ke kAraNa ekAMgI vI.ni.saM. 2503 81
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________________ hai / vaha sirpha utkrAnti kI hI carcA karatA hai, patana kI nahIM / sarala aura spaSTa zabdoM meM yadi kahanA cAheM to kaha sakate haiN| ki DAravina kA vikAsavAda bandara se mAnava banane kI zakti ko to svIkAra karatA hai lekina mAnava se bandara banane ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| itanA hI nahIM, usake isa vikAsavAda meM AtmA ko koI sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai aura AtmA ko sthAna nahIM dene se punarjanma, karma Adi ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha DAravina kA vikAsavAda adhUrA hai, jabaki jaina darzana ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM AtmA ko pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai| aura AtmA ko pramukhatA dene se punarjanma, karma ityAdi vicAra AtmA se jur3A huvA hai| isa taraha DAravina kA siddhAnta pudgala nirmita zarIra ke aMgopAMga se saMbaMdhita hai, jabaki jaina darzana kA vikAsa kA siddhAnta arihanta nirdezita AtmA ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa-krama se saMbaMdhita hai aura vaha AtmA ke guNoM ko sparza karatA hai evaM usakI utkrAMti tathA avanati donoM kA vicAra karatA hai / isa prakAra jaina darzana meM AtmA utthAna-patana ke aneka cakra anubhava karane ke pazcAt Age bar3hatI hai aura antatogatvA mukti pada prApta karatI hai / aba hama tulanAtmaka dRSTi se AtmA ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa krama para saMkSepa meM vicAra kareMge / jainAgamoM meM Atma vikAsa kA zrama bahuta hI suvyavasthita rUpa meM milatA hai| unameM Atmika sthiti athavA jIvanavikAsa kI caudaha bhUmikAeM batalAI gaI hai jo "guNasthAna" ke nAma se saMbodhita haiM / "guNasthAna" se Azaya jaina darzana meM na to bhaugolika sthAna se hai, aura na evaresTa parvata se hai varan guNasthAna kA saMbaMdha AtmA se hai / " guNasthAna" zabda jaina darzana kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai / guNasthAna do zabdoM se milakara banA hai-guNa aura sthAna / "guNa" se tAtparyaM na sAMkhya darzana ke triguNa-satva, rajas aura rAmas se hai aura na sAhitya ke mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda guNoM se hai apitu jaina darzana meM "guNa" se tAtparya AtmA ke guNoM se yA AtmA kI zaktiyoM se hai| darzana, jJAna, cAritra AtmA ke guNa haiM / "guNasthAna" meM dUsarA zabda hai "sthAna" / "sthAna" arthAt una guNoM ke vikAsa karane kI avasthA / isa prakAra " guNasthAna kA zAbdika artha huvA "AtmA ke guNoM ke vikAsa karane kI vividha avasthAeM" / etadartha jainAgamoM meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA krama batAne vAle guNasthAnoM kA varNana pratipAdita hai / jaise mAnava kI vividha avasthAeM hotI haiN| aura usameM kama hotA hai - zaizavAsthA, yuvAvasthA, vRddhAvasthA / usI taraha AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM bhI krama hotA hai- pahalI avasthA, dUsarI avasthA ityAdi / " avasthA ko sthiti, sopAna, bhUmikA Adi bhI kaha sakate haiN| 82 jaina darzana meM AtmA ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa krama ke lie caudaha vibhAga kie gae haiM arthAt mola mahAlaya meM praveza karane ke lie caudaha sIr3hiyAM jainAgamoM meM varNita hai kintu ye sIr3hiyAM IMTa, cUne yA patthara kI banI huI nahIM haiM apitu Atmika vikAsa kI ora ye sIr3hiyAM caudaha hI haiM na kama na jyAdA / jaise-cakravartI ke caudaha ratana hote haiM, pandrahavAM nahIM hotA, klAsa solaha hotI haiM, satrahavIM nahIM, tithi pandraha hotI haiM usI prakAra AtmavikAsa ke lie bhI caudaha avasthAeM ( guNasthAna ) hai jinake nAma samavAyAMgasUtra evaM dvitIya karma grantha kI gAthA meM nimnalikhita haiM: coTsa jIva ThANA paNNattA- taM jahA miccha diTThI sAsAyaNa sammaviTThI, sammamicchadiTThI aviraya sammadiTThI, vizvAvira mata saMjaya, appamatasaMjae, niyaTThI anipaTTibAre sumasaMparAe uvasamae vA khavae vA, uvasaMtamohe, sajogI kevalI, vA ajogI kevalI / " micche sAsaNa, mIse, aviraya pamatta apamatte miaTThI ani aTThi, suhamuvasama- khINa sajogi ajogi guNA --karma grantha dvitIya, gAthA- 2 (1) midhyAtva gugasthAna (2) sAsvAdana samyagdRSTi guNasthAna (3) samyamidhyAdRSTi guNasthAna ( 4 ) avarati samyagdRSTi guNasthAna (5) dezavirati guNasthAna (6) pramattasaMyata guNasthAna (7) apramattasaMpata guNasthAna (8) nivRttivAdara guNasthAna (1) anivRti bAdara guNasthAna (10) sUkSma sAMgarAya guNasthAna (11) upazAntamoha guNasthAna (12) kSINamoha guNasthAna (13) sayogI kevalI guNasthAna (14) ayogI kevalI guNasthAna guNasthAna 14 vAM uparyukta ye cIdaha guNasthAna hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke caudaha anamola ratna haiM / jaina darzana meM isa AdhyAtmika vikAsa krama kA bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| krama kA paribodha hone se AtmA kI utkarSa - apakarSamaya avasthAoM kA parijJAna ho sakatA hai aura isase Atma-vikAsa kI sAdhAnA meM bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai / jaina darzana kI taraha anya darzanoM meM bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna avasthAeM batalAI gaI hai. kintu jaina darzana meM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se guNasthAnoM kA jitanA sUkSma, sundara aura rocaka DhaMga se vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai utanA anyatra nahIM / rAjendra- jyoti
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________________ AjIvika sampradAya meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI aSTa bhUmikAeM thI, majjhimanikAya kI buddhaghoSakRta sumaMgalA vilAsa kI TIkA meM aisA ullekha milatA hai / ina ATha bhUmikAoM ke nAma nimnalikhita haiM : (1) maMda bhUmikA (2) khiDDA yA krIr3A bhUmikA (3) padavI maMsAbhUmikA (4) ujugata Rjugata bhUmikA (5) zekha zaikSa bhUmikA ( 6 ) samaNa - zramaNa bhUmikA (7) jina bhUmikA (8) pannaprAjJa bhUmikA uparyukta ye ATha bhUmikAeM yuktisaMgata na hone se jaina darzana ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sAtha inakA mela nahIM baiThatA / bauddha grantha piTaka meM bhI jaina darzana kI taraha AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA spaSTa evaM suvyavasthita rUpa se aneka jagaha varNana kiyA gayA hai / bauddha darzana anAtmavAdI hai / vaha AtmA kI nityatA (sattA) ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| usake anusAra AtmA parivartanazIla hai / saMsAra ke pratyeka padArtha kSaNika haiM, nazvara haiM phira zrI pika meM vyakti kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kama batAne ke lie chaha avasthAeM pratipAdita kI gaI hai (1) dhana (2) kalyANaputhujjana jise Arya darzana yA satsaMga to prApta huA hai kintu jo mokSa mArga se parAmukha rahatA hai aise vyakti ko kalyANaputhujjana kahate haiM / bauddha darzana meM "na" se tAtparya sAmAnya manuSya se hai| aMdha puthujjana aura kalyANa puthujjana donoM "puthujjana" ke hI do bheda haiN| Upara ke donoM prakAra ke vyakti dazavidha saMyojanAoM meM se eka bhI saMyojanA kA kSaya nahIM kara pAte / bauddha darzana meM "saMyojanA" se matalaba bandhana se hai / : aMdha puthujjana use kahate haiM jise kArya, darzana yA satsaMga prApta nahIM huA hai aura jI mokSa mArga se parAmukha hai| (3) sotApanna jinhoMne dasa saMyojanAoM meM se tIna saMyojanAoM kA kSaya kara diyA ho ve sotApana kahalAte haiM / vI. ni. saM. 2503 : ( 4 ) sakadAgamI : jinhoMne dasa saMyojanAoM meM se tIna saM yojanAoM kA kSaya kara diyA ho aura do ko zithila kara DAlA ho, ve sakadAgAmI kahalAte haiM / (5) sopapAtika jinhoMne dasa saMyojanAoM meM se pAMca saMyojanAoM kA kSaya kara diyA ho, ve opapAtika kahalAte haiM / (6) arahA : jinhoMne dasoM saMyojanAoM kA kSaya karake zreSTha vyaktitva prApta kiyA ho, ve "arahA" kahalAte haiM / arahA kI avasthA ko prApta hue vyakti nirvANa ko pA lete haiM / uparyukta sthitiyoM ke varNana se aisA lagatA hai ki jese bauddha darzana ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI chaha sthitiyoM kA varNana jaina darzana meM batAe gae caudaha guNasthAna ke AdhAra para kiyA ho| jisa prakAra jaina darzana meM mohanIya karma ke kSaya, upazama aura kSayopazama kI pradhAnatA hai / bauddha darzana meM bhI saMyojanA ke kSaya kI pradhAnatA hai isake sAtha hI jaina darzana meM jaise-prathama bhUmikA midhyAdRSTi kI hai usI prakAra bauddha darzana meM bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI prathama bhUmikA aMdha - puthujjana kI hai| jaina darzana meM terahavIM aura caudahavIM bhUmikA sayogI aura ayogI kevalI kI hai vaise hI, bauddhadarzana meM bhI bhUmikA arahA kI hai| itanA sAmya hone ke bAvajUda bhI prathama aura aMtima guNasthAnoM ke bIca kI bhUmikAoM kA AtmA ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA, jo suvyavasthita nirUpaNa jaina zAstroM meM milatA hai yaha bauddha darzana meM parilakSita nahIM hotA / mokSa kI sAdhanA ke lie yoga darzana ke praNetA maharSi pAtaMjala ne yogazAstra ke mahAbhASya meM citta kI pAMca vRttiyoM (bhUmikAeM ) ke vikAsa krama kA varNana kiyA hai| ve nimnalikhita haiM- 1. kSipta, 2. mUr3ha, 3. vikSipta, 4. ekAgra, 5. niruddha / uparyukta bhUmikAeM cittavRtti ke AdhAra para yojita hai isalie inameM AtmA ko pramukhatA nahIM dI gaI hai| yoga darzana meM kahA gayA hai - " yogazcittavRtti nirodhaH" arthAt (yoga) cittavRtti ke nirodha ko kahate haiM / jaina darzana kI bhASA meM "yoga" ko AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama kI bhUmikA naha sakate haiN| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI pahalI kSiptAvasthA meM citta sAMsArika vastuoM meM caMcala rahatA hai| dUsarI mUDhAvasthA meM citta kI sthiti nidrA ke samAna abhibhUta rahatI hai tIsarI vikSiptAvasthA meM citta kucha zAnta rahatA hai lekina pUrI taura se zAnta nahIM rahatA / cauthI ekAgrAvasthA meM citta kisI dhyeya meM kendrIbhUta rahatA hai / aura caramAvasthA niruddha kI haiM jisameM cintana kA bhI anta ho jAtA hai / citta kI ina pAMca bhUmikAoM meM se prathama do AtmA ke avikAsa kI sUcaka hai, tIsarI vikSipta bhUmikA vikAsa aura 83
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________________ avikAsa ke sammizraNa kI sUcaka hai aura cauthI vikAsa kI tathA aMtima meM pUrNa utkarSa para AtmA pahuMca jAtI hai / isa prakAra ina pAMca bhUmikAoM ke bAda kI bhUmikA ko mokSa kahA gayA hai / yogavAsiSTha meM bhI AtmA kI sthiti ke do vargIkaraNa kie gae haiM :-ajJAnamaya aura jJAnamaya / ajJAnamaya sthiti ko avikAsakAla aura jJAnamaya sthiti ko vikAsakAla kahA gayA hai| ajJAnamaya (avikAsakAla) sthiti ke bhI sAta bheda haiM :-- (1) bIja jAgRta, (2) jAgRta, (3) mahAjAgRta, (4) jAgRta svapna, (5) svapna, (6) svapna jAgRta,(7) suSuptaka / yogavAsiSTha ke utpatti prakaraNa ke adhyAya 118 meM sAta prakAra kI jJAnamaya (vikAsa kAla) bhUmikAeM pratipAdita kI gaI haiM: (1) zubhecchA, (2) vicAraNA, (3) tanumAnasA, (4) satvApatti, (5) asaMsakti, (6) padArthabhAvinI, (7) turygaa| prathama kI sAta bhUmikAeM ajJAna kI sUcaka hone se avikAsa kAla kI haiM aura anta kI sAta bhUmikAeM jJAnamaya hone se vikAsa kAla kI dyotaka haiN| jaina darzana meM AtmA ke uttarottara vikAsa ke lie caudaha sopAnoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM uccatara bhUmikA ke eka-eka guNasthAna usa mahAna prakAza kI ora jAne kI sIr3hiyA~ haiM lekina una guNasthAnoM ko paidA karane kI bAta jaina darzana meM nahIM batalAI gaI hai / apitu yaha avazya batAyA gayA hai ki jisane prathama sopAna rUpa mithyAtva ko naSTa kiyA use cothe sopAna rUpa samyagdarzana kI upalabdhi ho gaI / vikAra jaise-jaise dUra hote jAte haiM guNasthAna kI uccatara zreNI bhI tadanurUpa prApta hotI jAtI hai / udAharaNa ke taura para mAna lIjie eka bAlaka par3hane ke lie skUla jAtA hai aura vaha sAlabhara meM pahalI kakSA utIrNa kara letA hai phira dUsare varSa, dUsarI, tIsarI isa prakAra kramaza: vaha prathama kakSA se lekara prAyamarI, miDila, hAyara sekeNDarI, bI. e. uttIrNa karatA huvA eka dina aMtima kakSA 16 vI uttIrNa kara saphalatA ke carama zikhara para pahuMca jAtA hai, yahI sthiti sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhI hai| sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA dvArA caturtha guNasthAna meM samyak dRSTi prApta kara letA hai, pAMcave meM dezavratI aura chaThaveM meM sarvavratI bana jAtA hai| sAMtaveM guNasthAna meM apramata hokara tejI ke sAtha Age bar3hatA huvA terahaveM guNasthAna meM pahuMca kara vaha pUrNa vItarAga sarvajJatva ko prApta kara letA hai / jaina darzana meM sAdhanA kA yahI krama hai aura sAdhaka apane Atma-vikAsa ke lie ina caudaha guNasthAnoM ke mAdhmama se hI apanI sAdhanA meM uttarottara pragati kara apane sAdhya para pahuMcatA hai / yahAM yaha bhI jikra kara denA prAsaMgika hogA ki pAMcaveM aura chaThaveM guNasthAna taka hI gRhasthadharma aura sAdhudharma kI bAhyamaryAdA se kA bheda rahatA hai / isake bAda nahIM kyoMki chaThaveM guNasthAna Age ke sabhI guNasthAnoM meM phira sAdhanA antaHpravAhita rahatI hai ataH eka rUpa sI rahatI hai| isI saMdarbha meM yaha bhI batA denA Avazyaka hai ki "AdhyAtmamata parIkSA" meM 125 vI gAthA meM likhA hai "tatrAdyaguNasthAnatraye bAhyAtmA, tataH paraM kSINamoha guNasthAnaM yAvadantarAtmA, tataH paraM tu paramAtmeti" arthAt prathama, dvitIya aura tRtIya guNasthAna meM rahI huI AtmA bAhyAtmA, caturtha se dvAdaza guNasthAna meM rahI huI AtmA antarAtmA aura trayodaza tathA caturdaza guNasthAna meM rahI huI AtmA paramAtmA kahalAtI hai / _isa taraha jaina darzana meM ina caudaha guNasthAnoM ke AdhyAtmika krama vikAsa kA, jo varNana hai usakA apanA advitIya mahatva hai| jaina darzana meM Atma-vikAsa kA saccA prAraMbha caturtha guNasthAna-avirati samyagdRSTi se hotA hai / caturtha guNasthAna meM mithyAtva kA nAza hotA hai to SaSTama meM avirati kA, dvAdaza meM kaSAya kA aura caturdaza meM yoga nirodha hotA hai| caudahavAM guNasthAna Atma vikAsa kI carama sImA hai| yaha kama vastutaH AtmA ke vikAsa ke kramAnurUpa hai| " sahanazIlatA ke binA saMyama, saMyama ke binA tyAga aura tyAga ke binA Atma-vizvAsa asambhava hai| saMsAra meM sumeru se U~cA koI parvata nahIM aura AkAza se vizAla koI padArtha nahIM; isI prakAra ahiMsA se bar3A koI dharma nahIM hai| --rAjendra sUri rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Intemational