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________________ eziyAI zramaNa paramparA : eka vihaGgama dRSTi pro0 candrazekhara prasAda eziyAI zramaNa paramparA kA srota bhAratIya bauddha zramaNa paramparA hai| eziyAI dezoM meM bauddha dharma ke praveza-prasAra ke sAtha hI bauddha zramaNa paramparA bhI vahA~ svIkRta huI kyoMki bauddha dharma mUlataH zramaNa dharma thaa| vartamAna meM bhI ina dezoM meM bauddha dharma evaM paramparA pUrNa ojasaH jIvita hai| ina dezoM kI zramaNa paramparA ke mala srota evaM bhArata meM bauddha zramaNa paramparA ke svarUpa ko bhI hama sarasarI najara se dekhanA cAheMge kyoMki isase eziyAI zramaNa paramparA kI vizeSatAoM ko samajhane meM sahAyatA milegii| dhamaNa paramparA kA mUla srota : zramaNa paramparA ke mUla srota ke sambandha meM do pramukha vicAradhArAyeM haiN| prArambha meM vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA thI ki zramaNa dharma evaM paramparA hindU arthAt prAcIna vaidika dharma evaM paramparA kI hI eka dhArA hai| isa dhAraNA ke pIche sudRr3ha AdhAra bhI thaa| bhagavAn gautama buddha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kSatriya kula ke Arya the / jina do dharmoM kA inhoMne praNayana kiyA unake anuyAyI bhI hindU samAja ke hI the| bhagavAn gautama buddha aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ne hindU dharma meM pracalita kurItiyoM kA virodha kiyA evaM dharma sudhAraka ke rUpa meM apane matoM kA pracAra kiyA jo kAlAntara meM do pRthak dharma ke rUpa meM ubhara aaye| bhagavAn gautama buddha ko viSNu kA avatAra mAnA gyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pUjArcanA hindU loga bhI karate haiM / hindU evaM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke sAmAjika-dhArmika jIvana meM vaisA koI vibheda nahIM hai jo do dharmAvalambiyoM ke jIvana meM dekhane ko milatA hai| inakA samAja eka hai aura ye samAna jIvana vyatIta karate haiN| parantu, sindhughATI ke puraitihAsika sthaloM ke utkhanana se prApta purAtAtvika sAmagriyoM se vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA badalatI jA rahI hai / sindhughATI sabhyatA eka atyanta vikasita nagara sabhyatA thii| AryoM ne ise vinaSTa kara vaidika sabhyatA kI sthApanA kI / usa sindhaghATI sabhyatA kA koI prabhAva vaidika sabhyatA para nahIM par3A, aisA nahIM ho sktaa| itihAsakAroM evaM isa kSetra ke anya vidvAnoM kA dhyAna una dhArAoM ko khoja nikAlane kI ora gayA hai jo vizuddha rUpa se Aryetara haiM aura kAlAntara meM vaidika sabhyatA meM AtmasAt kara lI gayI haiM yA saMzleSita rUpa meM ubharakara AyI haiM / zramaNa paramparA ke sambandha meM bhI vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA dRr3ha hotI jA rahI hai ki isa paraM. parA kA mUla Aryetara hai / mohanajodar3o ke utkhanana se prApta yati kI pratimA (jo ziva kA prArUpa hai) sindhughATI sabhyatA meM zramaNa pravRtti kI vidyamAnatA ko pramANita karatI hai / isake viparIta, Arya sabhyatA kA rujhAna laukikatA aura sAMsArikatA kI ora hai / veda kI RcAoM meM somarasapAna, devatAoM ke hAsyaprema Adi kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai / Rgveda ke kezIsUkta meM nagna kezavAle yatiyoM kI chaTA para stambhana kA bhAva prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / ___ isa dhAraNA ke pakSa meM yaha bhI tarka diyA jAne lagA hai ki virodha aura sudhAra eka paridhi ke antargata hI sambhava hote haiM / bauddha dharma aura jaina dharma usa suSupta zramaNa dhArA meM Ate haiM jo bhagavAn gautama buddha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vyaktitva ke prabhAva meM vaidika dharma ke samakakSa A pratiSThita hue / AryoM ne sindhughATI sabhyatA ke bhautika rUpa ko vinaSTa kara diyA, parantu zramaNa jaisI mUlapravRttiyA~ suSuptAvasthA meM vidyamAna rhiiN| sthAna aura kAla ke bheda se Arya-samAja meM pracalita karmakANDa, baliprathA, jAtiprathA Adi kI asaMgatiyoM ke prati asaMtoSa utpanna huA aura unakA virodha bhI hone lgaa| apanI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna pAne ke AkAMkSI Aryajana apane samAja kI paridhi ke bAhara A gaye / buddhatva kI prApti ke pUrva bhagavAn gautama buddha bhI apanI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna pAne ke liye zramaNa paramparA meM aaye| unake AcArya evaM sahayogI zramaNa the| una vahirgata AryajanoM kA sahayoga pAkara suSuptAvasthA meM par3I zramaNa paramparA jAgRta hone lgii| bhagavAn gautama buddha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla taka parivrAjaka, AjIvaka, jaTila Adi aneka nAmoM se jJAta zramaNoM ko kAphI jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti . ..
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________________ bar3I saMkhyA uttara bhArata meM thii| bauddha sAhitya meM nigaNThanAtaputta (bhagavAna mahAvIra) ko samAhita kara cha: pramukha AcAryoM ke nAma aneka sthAnoM para milate haiN| una AcAryoM kI pratiSThA itanI bar3ha gaI thI ki svayaM magadha samrAT ajAtazatru bhI unase bheMTa karane gaye the| yaha spahaNIya Adara-satkAra pramANita karatA hai ki zramaNa jIvana paddhati samAja meM apano zreSThatA sthApita kara cukI thii| saMbhavataH yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAn gautama buddha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ko gRhasthAnuyAyiyoM ko alaga se saMgaThita karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM huI / inake viziSTAnuyAyI zramaNa the jinheM saMgaThita rakhane kA prayAsa calatA rhaa| zramaNa kA zAbdika evaM pAramparika artha : zramaNa zabda zram dhAtu meM ay pratyaya lagAkara banA hai| moniyara viliyama ke koza meM isakA artha parizrama karanA, vizeSakara zramasAdhya nimnakoTi kA kArya karanA hai| isa dRSTi se isakA prayoga AtmapIr3ana, tapa Adi meM saMlagna yati, bhikSu Adi ke lie huA hai| ApTe mahAzaya ke anusAra mukti kI prApti ke lie dhyAna meM saMlagna vyakti zramaNa hai / brAhmaNa loga buddha ko zramaNa zabda se sambodhita karate the| pAli sAhitya meM samaNo gotamo' prayoga prAyaH milatA hai| pAli sAhitya ke aTThakathAkAroM meM agraNI AcArya buddhaghosa ne samaNa (zramaNa) kA artha 'sAmitta pApattA' pApoM kA zamana ho jAnA) kiyA hai| isa artha ko isa rUpa meM bhI vyakta kiyA gayA hai-'samitta pApAnaM smnnoti'| jisake pApoM kA zamana ho cukA hai, vaha zramaNa hai| janasAhitya ke sthAnAGgasUtra meM zramaNa kI paribhASA hai - 'samamaNaI teNa so samaNo' / abhidhAna rAjendra meM samamaNaI kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai- 'samiti samatayA zatru mitrAdiSu aNa ti pravartate iti samaNa sarvatra tulya pravRttimAn' (jo zatru evaM mitroM meM samAna rUpa se pravRtta hai vaha zramaNa hai / ) sthAnAGgasUtra meM hI zramaNa ko 'su-mana' (sundara mana) vAlA kahA gayA hai- 'so samaNo jai samaNo bhAveNa jai ja hoi paavnnno'| zramaNa ke upayukta artha zramaNa kI vyaktigata AdhyAtmika upalabdhi kI ora saketa karate haiN| parantu paramparA ke rUpa meM zramaNa eka viziSTa jIvana paddhati kI ora iMgita karatA hai jisakI kucheka vizeSatAyeM haiN| isa paramparA meM veda aura vaidika karmakANDa kI koI mAnyatA nahIM thii| ve samAja aura sAmAjika saMgaThanoM se dUra rahate the tathA sAmAjika samasyAoM kI cintA prasaMgavaza hI karate the| pratyeka vyakti apanI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna evaM nayI jIvana-paddhati ke anveSaNa meM satat prayatnazIla rahatA thA / zramaNadharma hone ke kAraNa bauddhadharma ke sambandha meM bhI zramaNa paramparA kI vizeSatAyeM prayojya haiN| bauddha paramparA meM zramaNa ke sthAna para bhikSu zabda kA prayoga huA hai| pAli sAhitya meM bhikkhu (bhikSu) kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gaI hai-'bhikkhAcariyaM ajjhapagatoMti bhikkhu' (bhikSA se jIvana-yApana karane vAlA bhikSu hai| eka anya pahala se bhI isakI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai - 'saMsAre bhayaM ikkhati' (saMsAra meM bhaya dekhatA hai) / sAMsArika jIvana meM bhaya dekhane vAlA hI saMsAra se nikalane evaM tadanurUpa AcaraNa karane ke lie uddhata hotA hai / aise vyaktiyoM ke lie jIvana-yApana kA samyak sAdhana bhikSA hai / bauddhadharma meM bhikSujIvana : bauddhadharma bhikSudharma thaa| isake viziSTAnuyAyI bhikSu the / buddha ne sAre dharmopadeza evaM vinaya ke niyamoM kA vidhAna bhikSaoM ko lakSya kara kiyA thaa| bauddhadharma meM caramalakSya kI prApti nirvANa hai| nirvANa kA zAbdika artha hai -tRSNA rahita (ni:vANa) / nirvANa vaha caramAvasthA hai jahA~ pahu~cakara bhikSu kA citta AsravoM se vimukta ho jAtA hai aura use vimuktijJAna prApta ho jAtA hai / unakA jIvanacakra samApta ho jAtA hai, brahmacarya pUrNa ho jAtA hai, karane yogya sampUrNa kArya sampanna ho jAte haiM, punarjanma nahIM hotA hai-'ravINAjAti, vusitaM brahmacariyaM, kataM karaNIyaM, nAparaM itthattAyAti' / nirvANa kI prApti madhyamApratipadA se hotI hai / AtmapIr3ana aura kAma lipsA ke do antoM se vilaga rahate hue zIla samAdhi evaM prajJA ke mArga para calanA hI madhyamApratipadA hai| zIla se AcaraNa zuddha hotA hai tathA citta parizuddha aura zAMta hotA hai| samAdhi dvArA parizuddha evaM zAnta citta meM ekAgratA AtI hai jisase anitya duHkha evaM anAtma ke jJAna kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| ekAgracitta dvArA anitya, duHkha evaM anAtma ke jJAna kA sAkSAtkAra hI prajJA hai| zIla samAdhi evaM prajJA ke cakravAtAkArIya mArga kI pariNati nirvANa meM hotI hai| madhyamApratipadA para calane ke lie bhikSu jIvana apanAnA anivArya mAnA gayA hai| ghara-parivAra chor3a, keza-ma cha muDavA, cIvara dhAraNa kara, bauddhadharma evaM saMgha kI zaraNa meM pravrajyA lenA hI bhikSu-jIvana kA prArambha hai / bhikSuoM ke AcAra ko niyaMtrita karane ke lie vinaya vihita niyamoM kA vistRta vidhAna hai| bhikSuoM kI AvazyakatAoM ke sambandha meM spaSTa nirdeza hai ki piNDapAta' hI bhikSuoM kA AhAra hogA, 'rukkhamUla' hI sayanAsana hogA, 'paMsukUla' se banA cIvara hI paridhAna hogA aura 'pUttimutta' (gaumUtra) hI asvastha ho jAne para bhaiSajya hogaa| mAcAryaratna zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana praya
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________________ bhikSA prApta karane kI samyak vidhi 'sapadAna cArikA' hai / 'sapadAna cArikA' karate hue bhikSugaNa madhyAhna ke pUrva pArzvavartI grAmoM meM jAte the aura binA kisI bhedabhAva ke eka ke bAda eka ghara ke sAmane maunabhAva se kucha kSaNa khar3e hokara bhikSA grahaNa karate the| khAne ke lie paryApta bhojana ekatra ho jAne para lauTa Ate the| bhojana kA saMgraha parihArya thaa| bhikSA ke prakAra ke sambandha meM kisI prakAra kA pratyakSa yA parokSa saMketa niSiddha thaa| buddha aura unake anuyAyI nimaMtrita kie jAne para gRhasthoM ke ghara bhI bhojana ke lie jAte the / cIvara kA dAna bhI bhikSuoM ko milane lagA thaa| AvAsa ke lie vihAroM kA dAna bhI buddha ko diyA gayA thaa| bhikSa jIvana svaicchika evaM vyaktiparaka thaa| samAja evaM bhikSusaMgha ke prati bhI jimmedAriyA~ thIM para bhikSu ko sajaga rahanA par3atA thA ki ve usake gantavya taka pahu~cane meM bAdhaka na hoN| bahutoM ke hita ke lie, bahutoM ke sukha ke lie (bahujana hitAya bahujana sukhAya) sadAcArikA karate rahane kA Adeza thA / eka sAtha eka hI dizA meM cArikA karanA vajita thaa| buddha ke mRtyoparAMta dharma evaM paramparA meM nayA mor3a : bauddhadharma evaM darzana ke vikAsa ke krama meM sva-nirvANa ke lie ekamukhI prayatna ko svArthaparaka samajhA jAne lagA aura parakalyANa kI cintA pramukha hotI gii| isa prakAra mahAyAna kA janma huA aura sva-nirvANa ke lie samartha rahate hue bhI sva-nirvANa ko sthagita rakhakara para ko duHkhamukta karAne kA Adarza jIvana kA pramukha lakSya bana gyaa| isa parivartana kA sIdhA prabhAva bhikSuoM ke AcAra meM unakI AhAracaryA para par3A aura AmiSAhAra kA sarvathA varjana kara diyA gayA / samrATa azoka ke kAla taka bhikSusaMgha aTThAraha sampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho cukA thaa| mahAyAna ke vikAsa se bauddha samAja vaicArika daSTi se do daloM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| pUrva ke sabhI sampradAyoM ko hInayAnI kI saMjJA milI / mahAyAna meM para-kalyANa kA lakSya thA para isa lakSya ko kAryarUpa dene ke lie bhikSu ko svayaM samartha bananA thA aura isa hetu praNIta bodhisattvacaryA atyanta duruha evaM samayApekSa thii| isa Ti ko dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA aura maMtra-taMtra kI sAdhanA ke dvArA bodhi kI prApti ko sahaja banAyA gyaa| maMtrayAna ke vikAsa ke sAtha hI bauddhadarzana meM eka nayA mor3a aayaa| taSNA kA nirodha, saMsAra se virati evaM parizuddha brahmacarya ke pAlana ke sthAna para rAga hI carama lakSya kI prApti kA sAdhana bana gyaa| isa parivartana se bhikSuoM kI jIvana-caryA meM parvajita madya, matsya, mAMsa, maithana Adi kA vidhAna puna: ho gyaa| aisA samajhA jAtA hai ki madya Adi zabdoM kA prayoga sAMketika thA. parantu vyavahAra meM nimna stara para ina kA durupayoga huaa| buddha ne bhikSusaMgha kI sthApanA nityacArikA meM lage bhikSuoM se kI thI, para zanaiH-zanaiH bhikSuoM meM sthAyI nivAsa kI paraMparA cala par3I aura videzoM meM bauddhadharma evaM paramparA ke praveza ke kAla taka bhikSu ArAmavAsI-vihAravAsI bana cuke the| buddha ke jIvana kAla meM hI buddha aura saMgha ko ArAmoM-vihAroM kA dAna milane lagA thA aura bhikSuoM meM sthAyI nivAsa kI paramparA kA prArambha ho cakA thaa| Arambha meM ArAma-vihAra nityacArikA meM rata bhikSuoM ke rAtri vizrAma evaM varSAvAsa kI avadhi meM traimAsika nivAsa ke upayoga meM Ate the para kAlAntara meM bhikSugaNa kisI ArAma-vihAra-vizeSa se sambaddha rahakara vahAM ke sthAyI nivAsI hone lge| rAjAoM evaM dhanikoM ke udAratApUrvaka Arthika saMbala evaM saMrakSaNa pAkara ArAma-vihAra dhanodhAnya se pUrNa ho gaye / samrATa azoka ke rAjyakAla meM pATaliputra ke azokArAma meM sukha-suvidhAyeM itanI bar3ha gayI thIM ki bhikSu veza meM sukha-suvidhA ke kAmukoM kI saMkhyA hI adhika ho gayI thii| videzoM meM bauddhadharma evaM paramparA kA praveza-pracAra : samrATa azoka ne bauddhadharma kI lokopayogitA ko dekhakara deza-videza meM bauddhadharma ke pracAra-prasAra kA kAryakrama bnaayaa| usa samaya se bauddhadharma evaM paramparA eziyAI dezoM meM praviSTa huI aura abAdhagati se saMbaMdhita hotI gii| yaha vartamAna meM bhI adhikAMza dezoM meM akSuNNataH jIvita hai / ina dezoM kI bauddha-zramaNa paramparA ko moTe taura para tIna bhAgoM-theravAdI, mahAyAnI aura lAmAdharma - meM vibhakta kara dekhanA caaheNge| theravAdI paramparA: dakSiNa evaM dakSiNa-pUrva eziyA ke dezoM meM theravAdI paramparA hai| theravAda bauddha dharma ke aTThAraha sampradAyoM meM eka mAtra jIvita sampradAya hai| yaha sampradAya rUr3hivAdI rahA hai / samrATa azoka ke saMrakSaNa meM isa sampradAya kI eka saMgIti pATaliputra meM huI jisameM dharmavinaya kA puna: saMgAyana huaa| saMgIti ke uparAnta dharma-pracAraka bheje gye| ve dharma-pracAraka avazya hI theravAdI dharma-vinaya evaM tatkAlIna paramparA ko ina dezoM meM le gye| jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti
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________________ zrIlaMkA (tatkAlIna siMhala)meM bheje gaye dharma-pracArakoM meM pramukha samrATa azoka ke putra mahendra the| unakI putrI saMghamitrA bhI dharma-pracArakoM meM eka thiiN| usa samaya zrIlaMkA meM devAnAm priyatissa kA rAjyakAla thaa| bauddhadharma ke praveza ke pUrva vahA~ kauna-sA dharma thA isakA aitihAsika vivaraNa nahIM milA hai / bauddhadharma ko rAjA aura prajA donoM ne saharSa svIkAra kiyaa| loga ghara-parivAra chor3akara bhikSa bhI banane lage / zanaiH zanaiH sampUrNa deza bauddha ho gyaa| zrIlaMkA meM praveza ke pUrva hI bhikSu ArAmavAsI-vihAravAsI bana cuke the| vahA~ bhI ArAma-vihAra banane lage aura bhikSu kisI ArAma-vihAra-vizeSa se sambaddha ho gye| isa pravRtti ne abhayagirivAsiyoM aura mahAvihAravAsiyoM ke bIca pratispardhA ko janma diyA jo Age calakara saMgha meM vibhAjana kA kAraNa bnaa| phira bhI, dharma vinaya evaM paramparA akSuNNa rahI / IsA pUrva pahalI zatAbdI meM sarvaprathama sampUrNa buddhavacana ko lipibaddha kiyA gayA jo pAlitipiTaka ke rUpa meM Aja hameM upalabdha hai| yaha tipiTaka hI zrIlaMkA ke bauddha dharma evaM paramparA kA AdhAra hai| ata: vahA~ kA bauddha dharma evaM usakI paramparA bhAratIya bauddha dharma evaM paramparA kI aTUTa zRMkhalA hai jise samrATa azoka ke dharma-pracAraka vahA~ le gae the| dakSiNa pUrva eziyAI dezoM meM bauddha dharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM bhI zrIlaMkA ne mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai aura usakA bauddhadharma evaM usakI paramparA sarvamAnya mApadaNDa rahA hai| barmA bhaugolika dRSTi se zrIlaMkA kI apekSA bhArata kA pArzvavartI hai aura sthalamArga se sambaddha hai / IsA pUrva meM hI bauddhadharma durgama parvatIya mArga ko pArakara vahA~ pahuMca gayA thaa| paramparAnusAra samrATa azoka ke dharma-pracAraka, sona aura uttara, suvarNabhUmi (barmA) meM dharma pracAra ke lie gaye the| prArambha meM, theravAda ke atirikta anya sampradAyoM kA bhI praveza vahAM huA, parantu bArahavIM zatAbdI ke anta meM vahA~ siMhala paramparAnukala bhikSusaMgha kI sthApanA huI jo kAlAntara meM samparNa barmA meM mAnya huI / barmA ne bhI zrIlaMkA kI taraha theravAda dharma evaM paramparA ke saMyojana meM avismaraNIya yogadAna kiyA hai| thAIlainDa, lAosa aura kampuciyA sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika dRSTi se kSetrIya ikAI ke rUpa meM the| kampuciyA pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM bauddha dharma ke prabhAva meM aayaa| usa samaya taka vahAM hindU dharma bhI lokapriya banA huA thaa| kampuciyA ke pUrva hI thAIlainDa (tatkAlIna syAma) meM bauddhadharma kA praveza ho cukA thA / cUki sampUrNa kSetra kampuciyA ke rAjanaitika prabhutva meM thA, isa kAraNa kampuciyA kI dhArmika sthiti kA thAIlainDa aura lAosa para prabhAva par3atA rahA aura bauddhadharma ekacchatra hokara nahIM phaila sakA / terahavIM zatAbdI meM thAIlainDa ne kampuciyA ke rAjanaitika prabhutva ko samApta kiyA aura lAosa para bhI apanA prabhutva sthApita kara liyaa| isase isa kSetra meM theravAda ko rAjakIya saMrakSaNa prApta huA aura tabase isa kSetra meM theravAda kA pracAra-prasAra ho gayA / thAIlainDa kA prabhutva bar3hate hI yahA~ kI dhArmika sthiti kA prabhAva aba kampuciyA para par3ane lagA / dhIre-dhIre hindU dharma kA prabhAva kama hotA gayA aura theravAda ubhara kara ekacchatra hokara sampUrNa kSetra meM phaila gyaa| vartamAna meM bhI isa kSetra ke tInoM dezoM meM theravAdI bauddhadharma hI ekamAtra lokadharma hai| thAIlainDa meM ise rAjadharma kA zreya prApta hai| viyatanAma (prAcIna campA) sAmAjika-rAjanaitika dRSTi se cIna ke adhika sannikaTa rahA hai| tIsarI zatAbdI taka vahA~ bauddhadharma kA praveza ho cukA thaa| cInI yAtrI insiga ke anusAra viyatanAma meM adhikatara Arya sammitIya sampradAya ke anuyAyI the| mahAyAna kA bhI pracAra huaa| vartamAna meM bhI vahA~ hInayAna aura mahAyAna donoM paramparAyeM vidyamAna haiM para vahA~ kI hInayAnI paramparA zrIlaMkA Adi kI paramparA se bhinna hai| vahA~ ke hInayAnI pAlitipiTaka ke samAnAntara cInI meM anuvAdita anya sampradAya ke dharma vinaya kA anusaraNa karate haiN| ___ inDoneziyA aura maleziyA meM islAma ke pUrva hindU aura bauddhadharma kA pracAra-prasAra huA thA / prAcIna meM suvarNa dvIpa ke nAma se abhihita yaha kSetra sAtavIM se gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka bauddha dharma kA pramukha kendra thaa| bhArata se nAlandA mahAvihAra ke AcArya dharmapAla ke vahA~ jAne kA vivaraNa milatA hai| vikramazilA ke prAcArya atIza dIpaGkara bhI suvarNa dvIpa ke saMghAcArya ke pAsa kisI samaya dharma kI zikSA lene ke lie vahA~ gaye the| kAlAntara meM yaha sampUrNa kSetra islAma ho gayA para hindU aura bauddha saMskRti ke cihna abhI bhI yahA~ vidyamAna haiN| zrIlaMkA se lekara kampuciyA taka theravAda evaM usakI paramparA pUrNa ojasaH jIvita hai| yadyapi ina dezoM kI zramaNa paramparA meM bhaugolika evaM anya kAraNoM se bilagAva hai, para theravAdI hone ke kAraNa zramaNa paramparA ke svarUpa meM ekarUpatA hai / zramaNa jIvana kA carama lakSya, bhikSu banane kI prakriyA, bhikSuoM kI jIvanacaryA Adi vaisI hI hai jaisI pAlitipiTaka meM varNita hai| isa rUpa meM ina dezoM kI paramparAyeM hameM videza gamana ke pUrva kI bhAratIya theravAdI paramparA kI jhAMkI upasthita karato haiM / yahA~ kAla aura sthAna ke kAraNa kucha sudhAra evaM parivartana bhI spaSTa rUpa se kie gae haiM / ina dezoM meM bauddhadharma evaM paramparA ke praveza ke pUrva hI bhikSu ArAmavAsI-vihAravAsI bana cuke the| ina dezoM meM bhI dharma ke praveza ke sAtha hI ArAma-vihAra banane lage the aura bhikSu kisI ArAma-vihAra-vizeSa se AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNajI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ sambaddha rahane lage the| Aja bhI bhikSuoM kA apanA-apanA vihAra hai| nitya cArikA karate rahane kA vidhAna niyama mAtra hI raha gayA hai| kabhI-kabhI bhikSu sapadAnacArikA karate haiM, nimaMtrita kiye jAne para gRhasthoM ke ghara bhI bhojana ke lie jAte haiM, para sAdhAraNataH ArAmoMvihAroM meM hI vahA~ ke bhikSuoM kA bhojana eka sAtha banatA hai| bhojana ke prakAra ke prati koI vibheda nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| madhyAhna taka dina meM ekabAra hI bhojana karane kA niyama hai| gRhasthoM dvArA diyA gayA dAna hI bhikSuoM kA Arthika srota hai| kisI prakAra kI naukarI bhikSa nahIM kara skte| Aja ke badalate pariveza meM bhikSuoM kA rahana-sahana bhI badalatA jA rahA hai aura dainika jIvana kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie nAnA prakAra kI cIjoM kA saMcaya evaM unheM prApta karane ke lie artha rakhane kI prathA bhI sAmAnya jIvana paddhati meM A gaI hai| bhArata meM bauddhadharma ke udaya ke pUrva hI gRhastha jIvana dhArmika rUpa se suvyavasthita thaa| buddha ko unake lie naI jIvana paddhati ke anveSaNa kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3I / bauddha dharma evaM saMgha meM AsthA rakhane vAle gRhasthoM ke lie buddha ne mAna paJcazIla (hisA, steya, kAmavAsanA meM vyabhicAra, asatya evaM madyapAna se virati) tathA samAja ke prati apane kartavyoM ke nirvAha Adi ke upadeza die the| ye saba bhI atyarUpa the aura prasaMgavaza hI die gae the| bhikSugaNa gRhasthoM ke lie kisI prakAra ke dhArmika kRtya kA sampAdana nahIM karate the| gahasthoM dvArA AmaMtrita kie jAne para bhojanoparAnta kevala dharmopadeza karate the| gRhastha svayaM bhI dhArmika kRtya ke rUpa meM trizaraNa gamana aura paMcazIla ke pAlana ke saMkalpa ko duharAte the / bauddha dharma ke praveza-pracAra ke pUrva ina dezoM meM koI apanA pravattita dharma nahIM thA / ata: bauddhadharma vahA~ lokadharma bana gyaa| phalataH gRhasthoM ke lie bauddhadharma ke AdarzoM ke anurUpa eka jIvana paddhati ko ubhAranA anivArya thaa| gRhasthoM ke sabhI anuSThAnoM evaM dhArmika kRtyoM ke avasara para bhikSu unake ghara jAte haiM aura unakA sampAdana karAte haiM / unake kalyANa evaM zAnti ke lie maMgala pATha karate haiM / bhikSu kucha hada taka hindU samAja ke brAhmaNoM ke samAna gRhasthoM ke prati apanA karttavya nibhAte haiN| ina dezoM meM vizeSakara thAIlanDa, lAosa aura kampuciyA meM bauddhadharma ke lokadharma banane ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana meM bhikSu bananA eka Avazyaka dhArmika kRtya ho gayA hai / pratyeka vyakti jIvana meM ekabAra bhI kucha samaya ke lie hI sahI, bhikSu avazya banatA hai| bhikSu banakara jIvana paryanta bhikSu bane rahanA zreyaskara hai, bhikSu samAja meM sarvazreSTha mAne jAte haiM evaM unheM samAja ke sabhI varga ke logoM kA sammAna milatA hai / phira bhI bhikSu jIvana se gRhastha jIvana meM lauTa AnA heya nahIM samajhA jAtA / adhikatara loga nizcita avadhi ke lie bhikSu banate haiM aura punaH gRhastha jIvana meM lauTa Ate haiM / mahAyAnI paramparA : samrATa azoka ke pautra vijaya saMbhava ne khotAna meM bauddhadharma kA pracAra kiyaa| zaka, kuzAna evaM bhAratIya vyApAriyoM ne dharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM mahattvapUrNa yoga diyaa| islAma ke prasAra ke pUrva sampUrNa pUrvI turkIstAna bauddha thA / pUrvI turkIstAna se bauddha dharma cIna 'pahaMcA / bAda meM bhArata aura cIna ke bIca sIdhA samparka sthApita ho jAne para bhAratIya bhikSa cIna jAne lge| prathama zatAbdI ke lagabhaga cIna meM bauddhadharma kA praveza huA aura zIghra hI use rAjakIya mAnyatA mila gii| cauthI zatAbdI taka bauddhadharma kI gatividhiyA~ kAphI teja ho gaI thiiN| bhArata se sabhI sampradAyoM ke graMtha bahutAyata meM vahA~ pahuMca gae the aura bhAratIya evaM cInI bhikSuoM ke sammilita prayAsa se una granthoM kA anuvAda honA bhI prArambha ho cukA thaa| cInI bhikSu bhI apanI jijJAsA kI zAnti ke lie naye-naye granthoM kI khoja kara rahe the| unhIM jijJAsu bhikSuoM meM eka phAhiyAna the jo pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM bhArata aaye| phAhiyAna ke bAda Ane vAle cInI yAtriyoM meM hanasAMga aura itsiga kA nAma agraNI hai| bauddhika stara para sabhI sampradAyoM ke granthoM kA adhyayana cIna meM huA, para loka dharma ke rUpa meM mahAyAna hI yahAM svIkRta huaa| sAmyavAdI hone ke pUrva taka cIna mahAyAnI dezoM meM agraNI thaa| bauddhadharma ke praveza ke samaya cIna bhArata ke samAna hI sabhyatA evaM saMskRti meM unnata thaa| kanphyusiyasa buddha ke samakAlIna the / unake sAmAjika darzana evaM naitika zikSA ne cIna ke sAmAjika saMgaThana ko sudRr3ha AdhAra pradAna kara diyA thA / lAotsu ke tattva ciMtana meM unheM eka gar3ha darzana bhI mila cukA thA jisameM prakRti ke una niyamoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA thA jinase sampUrNa vizva niyaMtrita hotA hai| parantu kanphyusiyasa aura lAotsu ke cintana meM dhArmika tattva nahIM the jinake abhAva meM manuSya sampUrNa bhautika evaM bauddhika samRddhi ke bAda bhI pUrNatA kA anubhava nahIM kara pAtA hai| kArya-kAraNa ke siddhAMta para AdhArita punarjanma kA siddhAnta, nirvANa kA carama lakSya, para-kalyANa kA Adarza Adi ne eka ora buddhijIviyoM ko prabhAvita kiyA, vahIM dUsarI ora buddha ke rUpa meM zraddhA evaM AsthA kA kendra bindu evaM duHkha daurmanasya meM unakA zaraNa ne sAdhAraNajana meM surakSA kA bhAva utpanna kiyaa| cIna meM pUrva meM bhI Izvara kI koI kalpanA nahIM thii| bauddha dharma bhI anIzvaravAdI thaa| svaparizrama se carama lakSya kI prApti jaisA jIvana darzana unake anurUpa thaa| mahAyAna ke para-kalyANa kA Adarza aura kanphyasiyasa kA apatyavata sneha evaM sAmAjika sambandhoM kI atizaya cintA ke madhya koI Antarika virodha nahIM thaa| bauddhadharma sabhI staroM para svIkRta huA aura kanphyUsiyasa aura lAotsu ke dharma ke sAtha milakara janajIvana kI AvazyakatAoM ko pUrA karane meM pUraka bana jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRtiH......... -
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________________ gayA : sAdhAraNataH pratyeka vyakti sAmAjika saMgaThana evaM sambandhoM meM kanphyUsiyasa ke Adarza ko mAnatA, jyotiSa sambandhI bAtoM meM lAotsu ke tAovAda kA anusaraNa karatA aura AdhyAtmika AkAMkSAoM kI santuSTi bauddha dharma kI zikSA-dIkSA meM pAtA thaa| ___ bAhya jIvana meM theravAdI aura mahAyAnI bhikSuoM ke bIca vizeSa antara nahIM hai| mahAyAnI evaM hInayAnI bhikSuoM kI carcA meM jo antara A par3A, vaha mahAyAna meM bodhisattva caryA ke vikAsa ke kAraNa huaa| bodhisattva ke lie AmiSAhAra sarvathA niSiddha hai| bhaugolika AvazyakatAoM ke rahate bhI cIna meM bhikSu nirAmiSa bhojana hI karate the| kucha to dUdha kA bhI varjana karate the| bhArata meM hI vibhinna sampradAyoM ke bIca cIvara meM antara A par3A thaa| theravAdI bhikSuoM ke cIvara se yahAM ke bhikSuoM kA paridhAna bhI badala gayA hai| samAja ke prati bhikSuoM kI jimmedAriyA~ bhI hInayAnI bhikSuoM kI apekSA siddhAntata: adhika thIM kyoMki ye para-kalyANa ke Adarza meM vizvAsa karane vAle the / bhikSu sAdhAraNajana kI dhArmika-AdhyAtmika AvazyakatAoM ko pUrA karate the| . cIna se bauddha dharma koriyA meM gayA / koriyA ke sAmAjika gaThana kA AdhAra bhI kanphyUsiyasa kA sAmAjika darzana thaa| koriyA meM bauddha dharma kA pracAra cInI bauddha dharma evaM paramparA kA hI vistAra mAtra thaa| kAlAntara meM sthAnIya vizeSatAyeM bhI ubhara AyIM aura koriyAI bauddhadharma kA eka apanA svarUpa bhI bana gyaa| koriyA ke hI samparka se bauddhadharma jApAna gayA, parantu zIghra hI jApAna kI daSTi cIna kI ora par3I aura jApAna ne cInI bauddha dharma evaM paramparA ko hUbahU apanA liyaa| prArambha meM bauddha dharma ucca varga ke logoM ke madhya hI phaila sakA aura usa avasthA meM vaha cInI bauddha dharma evaM paramparA kA vistAra mAtra thaa| terahavIM zatAbdI meM ise rASTrIya rUpa dene evaM sAdhAraNa jana meM lokapriya banAne ke lie prayAsa kiyA jAne lgaa| isameM pUrNa saphalatA milI aura baudadharma zIghra hI yahA~ kA loka dharma bana gyaa| isa kAla meM zramaNa paramparA meM eka aitihAsika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa mor3a aayaa| sinarAna ne vivAhita bhikSa jIvana kI prathA kA prArambha kiyaa| vartamAna meM sthiti yaha hai ki kucheka sampradAyoM meM hI bhikSu banane aura AjIvana brahmacarya ke pAlana kI prathA zeSa raha gaI hai| sAdhAraNajana ke lie dhArmika kRtyoM evaM anuSThAnoM ke sampAdana karane vAle maMdiroM ke adhikArI varga kA udaya huA jo hindU samAja ke brAhmaNa varga ke samakakSa pratIta hote haiM / ye dhArmika kAryoM ke sampAdana ke samaya eka vizeSa prakAra kA paridhAna pahanate haiM aura zeSa samaya meM gRhastha jaisA jIvana vyatIta karate haiM / isa zatAbdI meM vizeSakara dvitIya vizva yuddha ke kucha pUrva se jApAnI bauddha paramparA meM eka aura mahattvapUrNa mor3a AyA haivaha hai gRhastha bauddha sampradAyoM kA jnm| ina sampradAyoM ke apane anuyAyI haiM, apanA maMdira hai, apane dhArmika evaM gaira-dhArmika saMsthAna haiN| dhArmika kRtyoM kA sampAdana ve svayaM karate haiM / Aja bhautika sukha-suvidhAyeM aura bar3hate bhAga-daur3a ne vyakti ke jIvana meM mAnasika tanAva paidA kara diyA hai, mAnavIya guNoM kA hrAsa ho rahA hai aura vyakti 'sva' meM kendrita ho vilagAva kI bhAvanA kA zikAra banatA jA rahA hai| baddha ke batAye mArga para calakara apane badalate pariveza ke bIca vyakti kisa prakAra mAnasika saMtulana banAye rakha sakatA hai aura sabake sAtha sukhI jIvana jI sakatA hai, yahI ina sampradAyoM kI mukhya samasyAyeM haiN| jApAna meM bhikSu jIvana vahI thA jo cIna aura koriyA meM, para bauddha dharma ke rASTrIkaraNa evaM usake siddhAnta ko jIvana meM utArane ke krama meM bhikSuoM kA kAryakSetra bhI vistRta ho gyaa| ve dhArmika granthoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana meM simaTe rahane kI apekSA sampUrNa sabhyatA evaM saMskRti ke vikAsa meM pUrNa yogadAna karane lge| pariNAmasvarUpa citrakalA, udyAna, phUla sajjA, TI siromanI Adi kA vikAsa huaa| Aja ye cIjeM jApAna kI apanI vizeSatAyeM banI haiM aura jApAna ke logoM kA sampUrNa jIvana saundaryaparaka ho gayA hai| ina sabake vikAsa kA zreya bauddha bhikSuoM ko hI hai / tibbata kA lAmA-dharma : tibbata meM bauddha dharma kA praveza sAtavIM zatAbdI meM cIna evaM nepAla ke samparka meM Ane para huA, parantu zIghra hI tibbata bhArata kI ora mur3A aura vahAM bhAratIya bhikSuoM ke sahayoga se dharma kA pracAra-prasAra huaa| usa samaya bhArata meM bauddhadharma evaM darzana ke vikAsa kA antima caraNa, maMtra-taMtra kA yuga thA / bauddhadharma ke praveza ke pUrva tibbata kI sabhyatA evaM saMskRti vikasita nahIM thii| dharma ke nAma para logoM ke bIca phailA andhavizvAsa evaM prAkRtika zaktiyoM kI upAsanA hI lokadharma thA jise bauddhadharma ke sahayoga se bona dharma ke rUpa meM vikasita kiyA gyaa| tibbata kI bhaugolika sthiti, usakA bauddhika stara evaM jana-vizvAsa kI pRSThabhUmi meM tAMtrika bauddha dharma logoM ke adhika anukUla siddha huA aura sampUrNa tibbata meM isI kA pracAra-prasAra huaa| parantu tAMtrika bauddhadharma kA dhArmika svarUpa vahAM ke logoM ke vizvAsa, rIti-rivAja Adi ke sAtha milakara eka naye rUpa meM ubhara AyA jise lAmAdharma ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gyaa| 102 AcAryaratna zrI vezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya
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________________ lAmA kA artha hai - guru / tibbata meM tAMtrika bauddhadharma ke pracAra kA zreya padmasaMbhava ko hai / sarvaprathama lAmA zabda se unheM hI sambodhita kiyA gayA / parantu kAlAntara meM sabhI bauddha bhikSuoM ke lie lAmA zabda kA vyavahAra hone lagA aura isa artha meM yaha zabda bhikSu kA paryAya ho gayA / vartamAna meM sthiti yaha hai ki sAdhAraNataH hama jisa kisI-tibbatI ko bhI lAmA kaha dete haiM / lAmAdharma kI eka khAsa vizeSatA hai usakA avatAravAda / bauddhadharma meM punarjanma kI bAta hai para avatAra kI bAta mAtra lAmAdharmaM meM hI hai / anekoM avatArI lAmAoM kI paramparAyeM tibbata meM haiM ye avatArI lAmA mRtyUparAnta punaH janma lete haiM aura unake zraddhAlu anuyAyI unheM khoja nikAlate haiM / avatArI lAmAoM meM sarvopari dalAI lAmA aura paJcena lAmA haiN| dalAI lAmA gelupA sampradAya ke pramukha evaM tibbata ke rAjyAdhipati hote haiM aura paJcena lAmA ko siddhAntataH dalAI lAmA kA dharmaguru mAnA jAtA hai / lAmA logoM kI cariyA meM anya bhikSuoM kI apekSA eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve pUrNarUpeNa apane ko AdhyAtmika ciMtana meM nimagna rakhate haiM / AdhyAtmika sAdhanA hI unakA sampUrNa jIvana hai| dhArmika graMthoM kA pATha isa sAdhanA kA pramukha aMga hai / solahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM tibbata ke lAmAdharma kA pracAra maMgoliyA meM huA / gelupA sampradAya ke dvitIya pramukha avatArI lAmA sonama gyatse ne maMgoliyA ke eka pramukha maMgola senAnAyaka AlatAI khA~ ko lAmAdharma meM dIkSita kiyA aura maMgoliyA meM lAmA dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| sonama gyatse ke dharma jJAna se prabhAvita hokara AlatAI khA~ ne unheM 'dalAI' kI upAdhi se sammAnita kiyaa| usa samaya se unake pUrvavartI aura paravartI avatArI dalAI lAmA kahalAte haiN| dalAI maMgola zabda hai aura isakA artha hai- jJAna kA sAgara / paramparA meM maMgoliyA kA bauddhadharma tibbatI lAmAdharma ke samarUpa hI hai / maMgoliyA kI bauddha zramaNa paramparA lAmA paramparA kA vistAra hai| bhArata bauddha-zramaNa paramparA kA antyodaya : bauddha zramaNa paramparA apanI janmabhUmi meM hI mara gii| aisI mAnyatA hai ki navIM zatAbdI meM hI zaMkarAcArya ne isakI jar3a khoda DAlI thI aura bArahavIM - terahavIM zatAbdI meM turkI hamalAvaroM ne isake pratiSThAnoM ko lUTa-khasoTa kara ise daphanA diyA / bAhya kAraNa jo bhI rahe hoM, bauddhadharma svayaM apanI paramparA ko mRtyUmukhI banAne ke doSa se mukta nahIM hai kaTTaravAditA ke kAraNa jaina bhramaNa paramparA hindU dharma evaM paramparA ke samAnAntara apanA astitva banAye rakhane meM samartha rahI / bauddhadharma meM kaTTaravAditA nahIM thI / saha-astitva evaM sAmaMjasya kA pakSadhara yA vicAroM meM satat vikAsonmukhI thA aura unameM asIma grAhyatA evaM soca thii| inhIM guNoM ke kAraNa bauddhadharma eziyAI dezoM meM aMgIkRta huA aura Aja bhI jIvita hai / parantu ye hI guNa bhArata meM bauddhadharma evaM paramparA ke hrAsa ke kAraNa bane / rabar3a kI taraha isake dharma-darzana ke atizaya vistAra se isakA apanA raMga phIkA par3atA calA gayA aura hindU dharma-darzana se isake vilagAva kI dUrI prAyaH samApta hotI gaI / apane vikAsa ke vRttIya krama se yaha vahIM pahu~ca gayA jahAM se haTakara isane eka viziSTa sthAna grahaNa kiyA thA aura eka viziSTa jIvana-darzana ke rUpa meM ubhara kara apanI upayogitA evaM upAdeyatA siddha kI thii| zIla samAdhi evaM prajJA kI bhAvanA hI prArambha meM AdhyAtmika caramotkarSa para pahuMcane kA mArga thA / mahAyAna ke vikAsa taka pahuMcate-pahu~cate yaha dharma svayaM karmakANDoM ke cakkara meM A girA aura taMtrayAna ke antima caraNa meM Akara samAja ke nimna upekSita varga kI cIz2a bana kara raha gayA / dhIre-dhIre sampUrNa samAja ke lie isakI upayogitA jAtI rahI aura isakI jIvanadhArA yutI calI gii| isa zatAbdI meM bauddha dharma kA punarjAgaraNa huA hai| pazcimI vidvAnoM ke samparka se bhAratIya vidvAnoM kA dhyAna bhI bauddhadharma evaM paramparA kI ora gayA aura isake adhyayana-adhyApana kA prArambha huA / isake mAnane vAloM kA bhI udaya huA / DA0 ambeDakara ke prabhAva se bar3I saMkhyA meM loga isa dharma meM pravartita hue| ye nava-bauddhadharmAvalambI pazcima meM hI haiN| pUrva meM, vizeSakara asama, baMgAla aura baMgalAdeza ke kucha bhAgoM meM bhI bauddha samudAya hai| ye aTuTa paramparA ke aMga haiM / bauddhadharma prAyaH vinaSTa ho gayA thA, para pUrva ke kucha bIhar3a pradezoM meM jIvita rahA / samaya-samaya para barmA aura thAIlainDa se bauddha dharmAvalambI bhI Akara paramparA ko jIvita rakhane meM sahAyaka bane / aba punarutthAna kI havA meM Akara nava-jIvana pA liyA hai| eziyAI zramaNa paramparA ke svarUpa evaM itihAsa para hamane eka vihaGgamadRSTi DAlI / yaha viDaMbanA hI hai ki samAja se dUra rahane vAle bhramaNoM ne bhArata evaM anya dezoM meM eka susaMskRta samAja ke nirmANa meM amUlya yogadAna diyA hai| vizeSakara una dezoM meM jahAM bauddha dharma evaM paramparA ke praveza ke pUrva vikasita sabhyatA evaM saMskRti nahIM thI, vahAM kI sabhyatA, saMskRti, kalA evaM sAhitya kA vikAsa bauddha dharma evaM paramparA ke samparka meM Akara hI huA / dakSiNa evaM dakSiNa-pUrva ke dezoM meM bauddhadharma granthoM kI bhASA pAli hI hai jo buddhavacana saMga itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 103
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________________ kI mUla bhASA ke sannikaTa kI prAcIna bhAratIya bhASA hai| ina dezoM kI bhASAoM meM pAli ke zabda bahutAyata meM milate haiN| tibbatI sAhitya to vizuddha rUpa se bauddha sAhitya hai| samunnata cInI bhASA aura sAhitya bhI bauddha dharma evaM paramparA se milakara aura adhika samunnata aura samRddha hue| gAMdhIjI ke tIna bandara jo unheM cIna se prApta hue the, unakI kahAnI bhI bauddhadharmodbhUta hai| sampUrNa jApAna meM pUrvajoM ke prati kRtajJatA jJApana ke rUpa meM manAyA jAne vAlA loka nRtya evaM loka gItoM se sarAbora urAvona utsava kA srota ulambana sUtra hai jisameM dharma senApati mahAmaudgalyAyana dvArA apanI mAM kI sadgati ke liye kie gaye prayatna kI kathA hai| jApAna kA vizvaprasiddha 'no' DrAmA bauddha mandiroM meM bauddha bhikSuoM dvArA vikasita huA hai| tibbatI maMdiroM meM AkarSaka nRtya aura saMgIta kA sampAdana hotA hai| citrakalA meM tibbatI thaMkA vizvaprasiddha hai aura isakI viSaya-vastu bauddha zAstroM meM vaNita buddha, bodhisattva evaM unakA loka hai| kampaciyA ke AMkoravAT aura inDoneziyA ke borobudura ke mandira sthApatya kalA ke apUrva namUne haiN| barmA ke paigoDA, thAIlainDa ke vAT, tibbatI gomphA meM anekoM apanI bhavyatA ke aura kalAtmakatA ke lie prasiddha haiN| jApAnI mandira kASThanirmita hI haiM, para unase lagA udyAna unake saumya vAtAvaraNa ko aura saumya banA detA hai| kyoto ke riyoAnajI kA vizvavizruta rAk gArDena, sImita meM asImita ko AbhAsita karane kA mAnava prayAsa advitIya hai| apane deza meM bhI ajantA kI citrakArI, sAMcI kA bhavya stUpa, nAlandA mahAvihAra kA vizAla bhagnAvazeSa eka ati susaMskRta samAja ke utkarSa kI mUla gAthAe~ haiN| eziyAI bauddha zramaNa paramparA kI eziyA ke badalate rAjanaitika pariveza meM kyA sthiti rahegI, yaha kucha dezoM meM spaSTa nahIM hai, vizeSakara, sAmyavAdI dezoM meM / cIna ke sAmyavAdI hone ke sAtha zramaNa paramparA vahA~ samApta kara dI gaI hai, aisA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| para vizva maMca para bauddhadharma ke adhyayana aura usakI upayogitA kI bAta jahAM hotI hai, cIna bhI usameM bhAgIdAra banane lagA hai| cIna ke rAste hI anya sAmyavAdI deza bhI jAyeMge, yaha socanA bhI tarka-saMgata hai / anya dezoM meM yaha paramparA pUrNa ojasaH jIvita hai aura vartamAna meM bhI isakI upayogitA kA anubhava sabhI staroM para kiyA jA rahA hai| bauddha tara dezoM meM bhI isakI lokapriyatA bar3ha rahI hai| jainadharma evaM paramparA jo svadeza ke hI vizeSa varga meM simaTa kara raha gaI hai, apanI paridhi se nikalakara sampUrNa mAnava-samAja ke lie kArya kare to mAnavIya guNoM ke vikAsa evaM mAnavIya samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM sahayoga milegA aura eka sundara samAja ke nirmANa kA Adarza sAkAra hogaa| saba kA duHkha hI merA dukha hai jo astitva hai, vahI jIvana hai| jIvana eka nidhi hai jisake mUlya na zUnya hai, nakSaNika / yaha mahAcaitanya kI abhivyakti hai / jaba vyakti jIvana ko karma kI ora mor3atA hai, aura usa karmaNyatA meM mAnava kI hita-citA kA amata milatA hai, tabhI vaha saMtalita sthiti prApta karatA hai| isa sambandha meM rantideva kA yaza dhyAna dene yogya hai| rAjA rantideva ko jo dhana prApta hotA use ve svayaM bhUkhe aura nirdhana rahakara dUsaroM ko de DAlate the| yoM ar3atAlIsa dina bIta gae aura bhUkha-pyAsa kA duHkha sahate hue kahIM se rasahAra unheM milaa| usI samaya brAhmaNa atithi A gayA / zraddhA se prerita rantideva ne apanA kucha bhAga use de diyaa| usa atithi meM viSNu ke darzana unhoMne kie| brAhyaNa khAkara calA gyaa| usI samaya eka zudra aayaa| rantideva ne usameM bhI bhagavAna kA rUpa dekhA aura eka bhAga use de diyaa| usake cale jAne para kuttoM se ghirA huA eka zvapAka cAMDAla AyA aura bhUkha kI Tera lagAkara rAjA se kucha khAne ko maaNgaa| rAjA ne jo bacA thA, vaha bhI Adara ke sAtha use dekara zvApaka aura usake zvagaNa ko praNAma kiyaa| aba kevala eka vyakti ke lie paryApta bhojana baca rahA thaa| jaise hI unhoMne use pInA cAhA kI eka pulkasa ne A kara AbAja lagAI, "mujha apavitra ko bhI kucha jala do|" usakI vaha karuNA vANI sunakara rantideva kA mana saMtapta ho gayA aura unhoMne pyAsa se maraNaprAya hote hue bhI vaha pAnI use dete hue nimnalikhita vAkya kA uccAraNa kiyA : na kAmaye'haM gatimizvarAtparAmaSTadviyuktAmapunarbhavaM vA / / Ati prapadye'khiladehabhAjAmantaH sthito yena bhavantyaduHkhA / maiM bhagavAna se apane lie sadgati nahIM cAhatA, na ATha siddhiyoM se yukta sampatti hI, na mokSa yA nirvANa kI mujhe cAha hai| merI to yahI icchA hai ki saba deha-dhAriyoM kA duHkha simaTa kara mere hI antaHkaraNa meM bhara jAe, jisase ve duHkha se chUTa sake / usa yuga ke lekhaka ne isa bhAvanA ko amRta vacana (amRtaM vacaH) kahA hai| sacamuca mAnava ke kaMTha se nikalanevAlI isa prakAra kI vANI mRtyu-rahita hI hai| pUrva yuga meM yaha parama bhAgavatoM aura bodhisatvoM kI vANI thI aura Aja ke yuga meM apane-Apa ko mAnava hita meM vigalita karanevAle mahAtmAoM kI vANI bhI yaha hai / DaoN. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla (rASTrakavi maithilI zaraNa gupta abhinandana graMtha kI bhUmikA se sAbhAra AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana pranya' .