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________________ zabda-rUpa bhinna, kintu bhAvarUpa eka : arihanta, arahanta, aruhanta jaina-darzana ke anusAra vItarAgadeva arihanta hote haiN| arihanta hue binA vItarAgatA ho hI nahIM sktii| donoM meM kArya-kAraNa kA aTUTa sambandha hai| arihantatA kAraNa hai, vItarAgatA usakA kArya hai| jaina-dharma vijaya kA dharma hai, parAjaya kA nhiiN| virodhI zatruoM ko jar3a-mUla se naSTa karane vAlA dharma hai, usakI dAsatA karane vAlA nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki sampUrNa jaina-sAhitya arihanta aura jina ke maMgalAcaraNa se prArambha hotA hai, aura anta meM isase hI samApta hotA hai| jaina-dharma kA mUlamantra namaskAra-navakAra hai, usameM bhI sarva-prathama 'namoarihaMtANaM hai| jaina-dharma kI sAdhanA kA mala samyagadarzana hai, usake samyakatva-pratijJA-satra meM bhI sarva-prathama 'arihanto maha devo' hai| ataeva 'namotthuNaM' sUtra kA prArambha bhI 'namotthuNaM arihaMtANaM' se hI huA hai| jana-saMskRti aura jaina-vicAra-dhArA kA mUla arihaMta hI hai| jaina-dharma ko samajhane ke lie arihanta zabda ko samajhanA atyAvazyaka hai| ___ arihanta kA artha hai--ari arthAt zatru, unakA hatana krnevaalaa| Apa prazna kara sakate haiM ki yaha bhI koI dhArmika Adarza hai ? apane zatrunoM ko naSTa karane vAle saba ora hajAroM loga haiM, hajAroM kSatriya hai, rAjA hai, kyA ve vandanIya haiM ? kSatriya ke lie 'arisUdana' zabda AtA hai, usakA artha bhI zatruoM kA nAza karane vAlA hI hai / ataH kyA ve bhI arihanta hue, jaina-saMskRti ke prAdarza deva hae? uttara meM nivedana hai ki yahA~ arihanta se abhiprAya, bAhya zatruoM ko hanana karanA nahIM hai, pratyuta antaraMga kAma-krodhAdi zatruoM ko hanana karanA hai| bAhara ke zatruoM ko hanana karane vAle hajAroM vIra kSatriya mila sakate haiM, bhayaMkara siMhoM aura bAghoM ko mRtyu ke ghATa utArane vAle bhI ati sAhasI zikArI milate hai; parantu apane andara meM sthita kAmAdi zatrunoM ko hanana karane vAle sacce prAdhyAtma-kSetra ke kSatriya virala hI milate haiN| eka sAtha karor3a zatruoM se jUjhane vAle koTi bhaTa-vIra bhI apane mana kI vAsanAoM ke Age thara-thara kA~pane lagate haiM, unake izAre para nAcane lagate haiN| hajAroM vIra dhana ke lie prAga dete haiM, to hajAroM sundara striyoM para marate haiN| rAvaNa-jaisA vizva-vijetA vIra bhI apane andara kI kAma-vAsanA se makti nahIM prApta kara skaa| ataeva jana-dharma kahatA hai ki apaneApa se lar3o! andara kI vAsanAoM se laDo! bAhara ke zava inhIM ke kAraNa janma lete haiN| viSa-vRkSa ke patte nocane se kAma nahIM calegA, jar3a ukhAr3ie, jar3a ! jaba antaraMga hRdaya meM koI sAMsArika vAsanA hI na hogI, kAma, krodha, lobha Adi kI chAyA hI na rahegI, taba binA kAraNa ke bAhya zastra kyoM kara janma leMge? jaina-dharma kA yuddha, dharma-yuddha hai| isameM bAhara se nahIM lar3anA hai, apane-Apase lar3anA hai| vizva-zAnti kA mUla isI bhAvanA meM hai| arihanta banane vAlA, arihanta banane kI sAdhanA karane vAlA evaM arihanta kI upAsanA karane vAlA hI vizvazAnti kA saccA sraSTA ho sakatA hai, anya nhiiN| isI antaHzatruoM ko hanana karane vAlI bhAvanA ko lakSya meM rakhakara AcArya bhadrabAhu ne kahA hai ki-'jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha prakAra arihanta, arahanta, aruhanta 43
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________________ ke karma hI vastutaH saMsAra ke saba jIvoM ke ari haiN| ataH jo mahApuruSa una karma-zatruoM kA nAza kara detA hai, vaha arihanta kahalAtA hai|" "aTThavihaM pi ya kamma, aribhUyaM hoi samva-jIvANaM / taM kammara haMtA, arihaMtA teNa vuccaMti // " --Avazyaka niyukti 614 prAcIna mAgadhI, prAkRta aura saMskRta grAdi bhASAe~ bar3I gambhIra evaM anekArtha-bodhaka bhASAe~ haiN| yahA~ eka zabda, apane andara meM sthita anekAneka gambhIra bhAvoM kI sUcanA detA hai| ataeva prAcIna AcAryoM ne arihanta Adi zabdoM ke bhI aneka artha sUcita kie haiN| adhika vistAra meM jAnA yahA~ abhISTa nahIM hai, tathApi saMkSepa meM paricaya ke nAte kucha likha denA Avazyaka hai| 'arihanta' zabda ke sthAna meM aneka prAcIna AcAryoM ne arahanta aura aruhanta pAThAntara bhI svIkAra kie haiN| unake vibhinna saMskRta rUpAntara hote haiM--arhanta, araho'ntar, arathAnta, arahanta aura aruhanta Adi / 'arha-pUjAyAm' dhAtu se banane vAle arhanta zabda kA artha pUjya hai| vItarAga tIrthakaradeva vizva-kalyANakArI dharma ke pravartaka hai, ataH asura, sura, nara Adi sabhI ke pUjanIya haiM / vItarAga kI upAsanA tIna loka meM kI jAtI hai, ataH va triloka-pUjya hai, svarga ke indra bhI prabhu ke caraNa-kamaloM kI raja mastaka para car3hAte haiM, aura apane ko dhanya-dhanya samajhate haiN| araho'ntar kA artha-sarvajJa hai| raha kA artha hai-rahasyapUrNa---gupta vastu / jinase vizva kA koI rahasya chupA huA nahIM hai, anantAnanta jar3a-caitanya padArthoM ko hastAmalaka kI bhA~ti spaSTa rUpa se jAnate-dekhate haiM, ve araho'ntara kahalAte haiN| arathAnta kA artha hai---parigraha aura mRtyu se rahita / 'ratha' zabda upalakSaNa se parigrahamAtra kA vAcaka hai aura anta zabda vinAza evaM mRtyu kA / ataH jo saba prakAra ke parigraha se aura janma-maraNa se atIta ho gayA, vaha prarathAnta kahalAtA hai| arahanta kA artha-Asakti-rahita hai| raha kA artha Asakti hai / ataH jo mohanIya karma ko samUla naSTa kara dene ke kAraNa rAga-bhAva se sarvathA rahita ho gae, ve arahaMta kahalAte haiM / aruhanta kA artha hai-karma-bIja ko naSTa kara dene vAle, phira kabhI janma na lene vAle / 'ruha dhAtu kA saMskRta bhASA meM artha hai--santAna arthAt prmpraa| bIja se vRkSa, vRkSa se bIja, phira bIja se vRkSa aura vRkSa se bIja- yaha bIja-vRkSa kI paramparA anAdi kAla se calI A rahI hai| yadi koI bIja ko jalAkara naSTa kara de, to phira vRkSa utpanna nahIM hogA, bIja-vRkSa kI isa prakAra kI paramparA samApta ho jaaegii| isI prakAra karma se janma, aura janma se karma kI paramparA bhI anAdikAla se calI A rahI hai| yadi koI sAdhaka ratna-traya kI sAdhanA kI agni se karma-bIja ko pUrNatayA jalA DAle, to vaha sadA ke lie janma maraNa kI paramparA se mukta ho jAegA, aruhanta zabda kI isI vyAkyA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara prAcArya umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra ke apane svopajJa bhASya meM kahate haiM "dagdhebIje yathA'tyantaM, prAdurbhavati naa'ngkurH| karma-bIje tathA dagdhe, na rohati bhvaa'ngkurH||" -upasaMhAra kArikA, 8 44 pannA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Intemational
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________________ arahanta bhagavAn kA svarUpa : bhAratavarSa ke dArzanika evaM dhArmika sAhitya meM bhagavAn zabda, bar3A hI uccakoTi kA bhAvapUrNa zabda mAnA jAtA hai| isake mUla meM eka viziSTa bhAva- rAzi sthita hai / 'bhagavAn' zabda 'bhaga' zabda se banA hai / ataH bhagavAn kA zabdArtha hai- 'bhagavAlI grAtmA / ' prAcArya haribhadra ne bhagavAn zabda para vivecana karate hue 'bhaga' zabda ke chaH artha batalAe haiM - aizvarya pratApa, vIrya zakti athavA utsAha, yaza-kIrti, zrI zobhA, dharma-sadAcAra aura prayatna kartavya kI pUrti ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA adamya puruSArtha / jaisA ki unhoMne kahA hai "aizvaryasya samagrasya, vIryasya yazasaH zriyaH / dharmasyA'tha prayatnasya, SaNNAM bhaga itIGganA // " - dazavaikAlika-sUtra TIkA, 4 / 1 ataH yahA~ spaSTa hai ki jisa mahAn zrAtmA meM pUrNa aizvarya, pUrNa vIrya, pUrNa yaza, pUrNa zrI, pUrNa dharma ra pUrNa prayatna sthita ho, vaha bhagavAn kahalAtA hai| tIrthaMkara mahAprabhu meM ukta chahoM pUrNarUpa se vidyamAna hote haiM, ataH ve bhagavAn kahe jAte haiM / jaina- saMskRti, mAnava saMskRti hai / yaha mAnava meM hI bhagavat -svarUpa kI jhA~kI dekhatI hai / ataH jo sAdhaka, sAdhanA karate hue vItarAga-bhAva ke pUrNa vikasita pada para pahu~ca jAtA hai, vahI yahA~ bhagavAn bana jAtA hai| jaina-dharma yaha nahIM mAnatA ki mokSaloka se bhaTaka kara Izvara yahA~ avatAra letA hai, aura vaha saMsAra kA bhagavAn banatA hai| jaina-dharma kA bhagavAn bhaTakA huA Izvara nahIM; parantu pUrNa vikAsa pAyA huA jAgRta mAnava AtmA hI Izvara hai, bhagavAn hai / usI ke caraNoM meM svarga ke indra apanA mastaka jhukAte haiM, use apanA ArAdhya deva svIkAra karate haiN| tIna loka kA sampUrNa aizvarya usake caraNoM meM upasthita rahatA hai / usakA pratApa, vaha pratApa hai, jisake samakSa koTi-koTi sUryo kA pratApa aura prakAza bhI phIkA par3a jAtA hai - 'prAiccesu zrahiyaM payAsayarA / ' arahanta : Adikara arahanta bhagavAna Adikara bhI kahalAte haiN| Adikara kA mUla artha hai, Adi karane vAlA / yahA~ prazna ho sakatA hai ki kisakI prAdi karane vAlA ? dharmaM to anAdi hai, usakI Adi kaisI ? uttara hai ki dharma avazya anAdi hai / jaba se yaha saMsAra hai, saMsAra kA bandhana hai, tabhI se dharma hai, aura usakA phala mokSa bhI hai / jaba saMsAra anAdi hai, to dharma bhI anAdi hI huA / parantu yahA~ jo dharma kI yAdi karane vAlA kahA gayA hai, usakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki hama bhagavAn dharma kA nirmANa nahIM karate, pratyuta dharma kI vyavasthA kA, dharma kI maryAdA kA nirmANa karate haiM / apane-apane yuga meM dharma meM jo vikAra A jAte haiM, dharma ke nAma para jo mithyA pracAra phaila jAte haiM, unakI zuddhi karake naye sire se dharma kI maryAdAoM kA vidhAna karate haiM / ataH apane yuga meM dharma kI Adi karane ke kAraNa arahanta bhagavAn ' Adikara' kahalAte haiM / hamAre vidvAn jainAcAryoM kI eka paramparA yaha bhI hai ki arahanta bhagavAn zrutadharma kI Adi karane vAle haiM, arthAt zruta-dharma kA nirmANa karane vAle haiM / jaina sAhitya meM AcArAMga Adi dharma-sUtroM ko zruta-dharma kahA jAtA hai / bhAva yaha hai ki tIrthaMkara bhagavAn purAne cale Aye dharma-zAstroM ke anusAra apanI sAdhanA kA mArga nahIM taiyAra karate / unakA jIvana anubhava kA jIvana hotA hai / apane AtmAnubhava ke dvArA hI ve apanA mArga taya karate haiM aura phira usI ko janatA ke samakSa rakhate haiN| purAne pothI-patnoM kA bhAra lAdakara calanA, 1. prAcArya jinadAsa ne dazavekAlika cUrNi meM 'vIrya' ke sthAna meM 'rUpa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| arihantaH arahanta, aruhanta 45
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________________ zAstra honA cAhie, alaga vidhi-vidhAna honA caahie| tabhI janatA kA vAstavika hita ho sakatA hai, anyathA jo zAstra cAla yuga kI apanI durUha gutthiyoM ko nahIM sulajhA sakate, vartamAna paristhitiyoM para prakAza nahIM DAla sakate, ve zAstra mAnava-jAti ke apane vartamAna yuga ke lie akiMcitkara hai, anyathA siddha hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki tIrthaMkara bhagavAn purAne zAstroM ke anusAra hUbahU na svayaM calate haiM, na janatA ko calAte haiN| svAnubhava ke bala para saMyamocita naye vidhi-vidhAna kA nirmANa karake janatA kA kalyANa karate haiM, ataH ve Adikara kahalAte haiN|' 1. uparyukta nibandha meM 'arihanta, arahanta tathA aruhanta' tIna zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| aura, unake artha bhI bhinna-bhinna rUpa se vyAkhyAyita kie gae haiN| kintu, prAcIna AgamoM kA avalokana karate haiM, to vahA~ sarvatra 'parahanta' zabda kA hI pracura prayoga hai| prAcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, samavAyAMga Adi aneka Agama etadartha draSTavya hai| vahA~ kahIM 'arahA' zabda kA prayoga hai, to kahIM 'arahatANaM' kaa| bhagavatI sUtra ke TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUri ne bhI 'parahanta' pATha ko hI mukhya rakhA hai aura 'arihanta' ko apanI TIkA meM pAThAntara ke rUpa meM aMkita kiyA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi uttarakAlIna granthoM meM bhI 'arahanta' zabda hI prayukta hai| AcArya hemacandra ne apane prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM mUla zabda 'arhat' mAna kara, usake hI akAra, ikAra, ukAra, uccAraNa ke rUpa meM tIna vikalpa prastuta kie haiN| arhat zabda mUlata: 'arha pUjAyAm' dhAtu se niSpanna hai| isIlie arahanta bhagavAn ko triloka-pUjita ke rUpa meM upAsya deva mAnA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM prAcIna zilAlekha kA eka mahatvapUrNa pramANa bhI hamAre samakSa hai| ur3IsA ke udayagiri-khaNDagiri parvata meM kaliMga samrATa khAravela kA zilAlekha aMkita hai, jo IsA se do sau varSa pUrva kA pramANita huA hai| usameM bhI Namo arahaMtANaM' pAu hI ullikhita hai| vaise sAdhaka apanI bhAvanAnusAra kisI bhI prayoga kA upayoga kara sakatA hai| isase sarvatra paramAtma svarUpa ke bodha ke sAtha sva-svarUpa ke bodha kI upalabdhi hogii| " ma ahat' mAna kara, prastuta kie hai| : arha pUjAyAma ke rUpa meM upA 46 pannA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Intemational