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________________ ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kucha satya aura tathya ardhamAgadhI Agama prAkRta sAhitya kA prAcInatama rUpa bhArata kI tIna prAcIna bhASAe~ haiM- saMskRta, prAkRta aura pAlI / unameM prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha jo sAhitya upalabdha hai, usameM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya prAcInatama hai / yahA~ taka ki AcArIGga kA prathama zrutaskandha aura RSibhASita to azokakAlIna prAkRta abhilekhoM se bhI prAcIna haiN| ye donoM grantha lagabhaga I0pU0 pAMcavIM cauthI zatAbdI kI racanAe~ haiN| AcArAGga kI sUtrAtmaka aupaniSadika zailI use upaniSadoM kA nikaTavartI aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI svayaM kI vANI siddha karatI hai| bhAva, bhASA aura zailI tInoM ke AdhAra para yaha sampUrNa pAli aura prAkRta sAhitya meM prAcInatama hai| AtmA ke svarUpa evaM astitva sambandhI isake vivaraNa aupaniSadika vivaraNoM ke anurUpa haiN| isameM pratipAdita mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta bhI alaukikatA aura atizayatA rahita hai| 2 aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha vivaraNa usa vyakti dvArA likhA gayA hai, jisane svayaM unakI jIvanacaryA ko nikaTatA se dekhA aura jAnA hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM hI sUtrakRtAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke chaThe adhyAya, AcArAGgacUlA aura kalpasUtra meM bhI mahAvIra kI jIvanacaryA kA ullekha hai kintu vaha bhI apekSAkRta rUpa meM AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI apekSA paravartI hai, kyoMki unameM kramazaH alaukikatA, atizayatA aura atiraMjanA kA praveza hotA gayA hai| isI prakAra RSibhASita kI sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se rahita udAradRSTi tathA bhAva aura bhASAgata aneka tathya use AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha ko chor3akara sampUrNa prAkRta evaM pAli sAhitya meM prAcInatama siddha karate haiN| pAli sAhitya meM prAcInatama grantha suttanipAta mAnA jAtA hai, kintu aneka tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki RSibhASita suttanipAta se bhI prAcIna hai / 3 ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI prathama vAcanA sthUlabhadra ke samaya arthAt IsA pUrva tIsarI zatI meM huI thI, ataH itanA nizcita hai ki usa samaya taka ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya astittva meM A cukA thaa| isa prakAra ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke kucha granthoM ke racanAkAla kI uttarasImA I0pU0 pAMcavIM cauthI zatAbdI siddha hotI hai, jo ki isa sAhitya kI prAcInatA ko pramANita karatI hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA racanAkAla hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki sampUrNa ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya na to eka
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________________ 2 vyakti kI racanA hai aura na eka kAla kii| yaha satya hai ki isa sAhitya ko antima rUpa vIranirvANasamvat 980 meM valabhI meM sampanna huI vAcanA meM prApta huaa| isa AdhAra para hamAre kucha vidvAn mitra sahaja niSkarSa nikAla lete haiM ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya IsvI san kI pAMcavI zatAbdI kI racanA hai| yadi ardhamAgadhI Agama IsA kI pAMcavI - chaThIM kI zatI kI racanA hai, to valabhI kI isa vAcanA ke pUrva bhI valabhI, mathurA, khaNDagiri aura pATalIputra meM jo vAcanAyeM huI thIM unameM saMkalita sAhitya kauna sA thA ? unheM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki valabhI meM mukhyataH AgamoM ko saMkalita, suvyavasthita aura sampAdita karake lipibaddha (pustakArUr3ha ) kiyA gayA thA, ataH yaha kisI bhI sthiti meM unakA racanA kAla nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| saMkalana aura sampAdana kA artha racanA nahIM hai / punaH AgamoM meM viSayavastu, bhASA aura zailI kI jo vividhatA aura bhinnatA parilakSita hotI hai, vaha spaSTatayA isa tathya kA pramANa haiM ki saMkalana aura sampAdana ke samaya unakI maulikatA ko yathAvat rakhane kA prayatna kiyA gayA haiM, anyathA Aja unake prAcIna svarUpa samApta hI ho jAte aura AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI bhASA aura zailI bhI parivartita ho jAtI tathA usake upadhAnazruta nAmaka naveM adhyAya meM varNita mahAvIra kA jIvanavRta alaukikatA evaM atizayoM se yukta bana jAtA / yadyapi yaha satya hai ki AgamoM kI viSaya vastu meM kucha aMza prakSipta hue haiM, kintu prathama to aise prakSepa bahuta kama haiM aura dUsare unheM spaSTa rUpa se pahacAnA bhI jA sakatA hai| ataH isa AdhAra para sampUrNa ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko paravartI mAna lenA sabase bar3I bhrAnti hogii| ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya para kabhI-kabhI mahArASTrI prAkRta ke prabhAva ko dekhakara bhI usakI prAcInatA para saMdeha kiyA jAtA hai| kintu prAcIna hastapratoM ke AdhAra para pAThoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki aneka prAcIna hastapratoM meM Aja bhI unakA ardhamAgadhI kA 'ta' pradhAna svarUpa surakSita hai| AcArAGga ke prakAzita saMskaraNoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unameM aneka pAThAntara haiN| isa sAhitya para jo mahArASTrI prabhAva A gayA hai vaha lipikAroM aura TIkAkAroM kI apanI bhASA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hai|" udAharaNa ke rUpa meM sUtrakRtAMga kA 'rAmapute' pATha cUrNi meM 'rAmAute ' aura zIlAMka kI TIkA meM 'rAmagutte' ho gyaa|' ataH ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM mahArASTrI prAkRta ke prabhAva ko dekhakara unake prAcInatA para saMdaha nahIM karanA caahiye| apitu una granthoM kI vibhinna pratoM evaM niryukti, bhASya, cUrNi aura TIkAoM ke AdhAra para pAThoM ke prAcIna svarUpoM ko surakSita rakhane kA prayatna karanA cAhiye / vastutaH ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM vibhinna kAla kI sAmagrI surakSita hai| isakI uttara sImA I0 pU0 pAMcavIM cauthI zatAbdI aura nimna sImA I0 san kI pAMcavI zatAbdI haiM kintu ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke vibhinna granthoM aura unake kisI aMza vizeSa kA kAla nirdhArita karate samaya unameM upalabdha sAMskRtika sAmagrI, dArzanika cintana kI spaSTatA evaM gahanatA tathA bhASA -
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________________ zailI Adi sabhI pakSoM para prAmANikatA ke sAtha vicAra karanA caahie| isa dRSTi adhyayana karane para hI yaha spaSTa bodha ho sakegA ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kA kauna sA grantha athavA usakA aMzavizeSa kisa kAla kI racanA hai| __ ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI viSayavastu sambandhI nirdeza zvetAmbara paramparA meM hameM sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nandIsUtra, nandIcUrNI evaM tattvArthabhASya meM tathA digambara paramparA meM tattvArtha kI TIkAoM, dhavalA aura jayadhavalA meM milate haiN| usameM bhI tattvArtha kI digambara paramparA kI TIkAoM aura dhavalAdi meM unakI viSayavastu sambandhI mAtra anuzrutiparaka nirdeza haiM, ve granthoM ke vAstavika adhyayana para AdhArita nhiiN| unameM diyA gayA vivaraNa-tattvArthabhASya ke AdhAra para paramparA se prApta sUcanAoM para AdhArita hai| jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM upalabdha unake jo vivaraNa sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, nandI Adi ardhamAgadhI AgamoM aura unakI vyAkhyAoM evaM TIkAoM meM haiM ve granthoM ke avalokana para AdhArita haiM ata: Agama granthoM kI viSayavastu meM kAlakrama meM kyA parivartana huA hai isakI sUcanA zvetAmbara paramparA ke uparyukta granthoM se prApta ho jAtI hai| inake adhyayana se yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kisa kAla meM kisa Agama grantha meM kauna sI sAmagrI jur3I aura alaga huI hai| AcArAMga meM AyAracUlA aura nizItha ke jur3ane, puna: nizItha ke alaga hone kI ghaTanA samavAyAMga aura sthAnAMga meM samaya-samaya para hue prakSepa, jJAtA ke dvitIya varga meM jur3e adhyAya; praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu meM huA sampUrNa parivartana; antakRtadazA, anuttaraupapAtika evaM vipAka ke adhyayanoM meM hue AMzika parivartana ina sabakI pramANika jAnakArI hameM inake samIkSAtmaka adhyayana se mila jAtI hai| isameM praznavyAkaraNa kI viSayavastu kA parivartana hI aisA hai, jisake vartamAna svarUpa kI sUcanA kevala nandIcUrNi (IsvI san sAtavIM zatI) meM milatI hai| vartamAna praznavyAkaraNa, lagabhaga IsvI san kI chaThI zatAbdI meM astitva meM AyA hai| isa prakAra ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya lagabhaga eka sahastra varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM kisa prakAra nirmita, parivardhita, paravartita evaM sampAdita hotA rahA hai isakI sUcanA bhI svayaM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya aura usakI TIkAoM se mila jAtI hai| ataH Agama vizeSa yA usake aMzavizeSa ke racanAkAla kA nirdhAraNa eka jaTila samasyA hai, isa sambandha meM viSayavastu, vicAroM kA vikAsakrama, bhASA-zailI Adi aneka dRSTiyoM se nirNaya karanA hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM sthAnAMga meM sAta nihnavoM aura nau gaNoM kA ullekha milatA hai jo ki vIra nirvANa saM0 584 taka astitva meM A cuke the| kintu usameM boTikoM evaM una paravartI gaNoM, kuloM aura zAkhAoM ke ullekha nahIM haiM jo vIra nirvANa saM0609 athavA usake bAda astitva meM Aye, ata: viSayavastu kI dRSTi se sthAnAMga ke racanAkAla ko antima sImA vIra nirvANa samvat 609 ke pUrva arthAt IsvI san kI prathama zatAbdI kA uttarArdha yA dvitIya zatAbdI siddha hotA hai| isI prakAra AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI
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________________ 4 bhASA-zailI AcArAMga ke racanAkAla ko ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM sabase prAcIna siddha karatI hai| isa prakAra na to hamAre kucha digambara vidvAnoM kI yaha dRSTi samucita hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama devarddhigaNi kI vAcanA ke samaya arthAt IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM Aye aura na kucha zvetAmbara AcAryoM kA yaha kahanA hI samucita haiM ki sabhI aMga Agama gaNadharoM kI racanA hai| kintu itanA nizcita haiM ki kucha prakSepoM ko chor3akara ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya zaurasenI Agama sAhitya se prAcIna hai| zaurasenI Agama kA prAcInatama grantha kasAyapAhuDa bhI IsvI san kI tIsarI zatAbdI se prAcIna nahIM hai / ata: prAkRta Agama sAhitya meM ardhamAgadhI Agama hI prAcInatama hai| 1 ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI viSaya vastu sarala hai ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kI viSaya vastu mukhyataH upadezaparaka, AcAraparaka evaM kathAparaka hai| bhagavatI ke kucha aMza, prajJApanA, anuyogadvAra, jo ki apekSAkRta paravartI hai, unako chor3akara unameM prAya: gahana dArzanika evaM saiddhAntika carcAoM kA abhAva hai| viSaya pratipAdana sarala, sahaja aura sAmAnya vyakti ke lie bhI bodhagamya hai| vaha mukhyata: vivaraNAtmaka evaM upadezAtmaka hai| isake viparIta zaurasenI AgamoM meM ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra ko chor3akara lagabhaga sabhI grantha dArzanika evaM saiddhAntika carcA se yukta haiN| ve paripakva dArzanika vicAroM ke paricAyaka haiN| guNasthAna aura karmasiddhAnta kI ve gaharAIyA~, jo zaurasenI AgamoM meM upalabdha haiM, ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM unakA prAyaH abhAva hI hai / kundakunda ke samayasAra ke samAna saiddhAntika dRSTi se adhyAtmavAda ke pratisthApana kA bhI unameM koI prayAsa parilakSita nahIM hotA yadyapi ye saba unakI kabhI bhI kahI jA sakatI haiM, kintu cintana ke vikAsakrama kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para spaSTa rUpa se yaha phalita hotA hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya prAthamika stara ke hone se prAcIna bhI hai aura sAtha hI vikasita zaurasenI AgamoM ke AdhArabhUta bhii| samavAyAMga meM jIvasthAnoM ke nAma se 14 guNasthAnoM kA mAtra nirdeza hai, jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama jaisA prAcIna zaurasenI Agama bhI unakI gambhIratA se carcA karatA hai| mUlAcAra, bhagavatIArAdhanA, kundakunda ke grantha aura gommaTasAra Adi sabhI meM guNasthAnoM kI vistRta carcA hai| cUMki tattvArtha meM guNasthAnoM kI carcA evaM syAdvAda saptabhaMgI kA abhAva hai, ataH ye sabhI ke racanAe~ tattvArtha ke bAda kI kRtiyA~ mAnI jA sakatI haiN| isI prakAra kaSAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, gommaTasAra Adi zaurasenI Agama granthoM meM karma siddhAnta kI jo gahana carcA hai, vaha bhI ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM anupalabdha hai| ataH ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI sarala bodhagamya evaM prAthamika stara kI vivaraNAtmaka zailI unakI vizeSatA evaM prAcInatA kI sUcaka hai|
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________________ tathyoM kA sahaja saMkalana ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM tathyoM kA sahaja saMkalana kiyA gayA hai ataH aneka sthAnoM para saiddhAntika dRSTi se unameM visaMgatiyAM pAyI jAtI hai| vastuta: ye grantha akRtrima bhAva se race gaye haiM aura unheM saMgatiyukta banAne kA koI prayAsa nahIM kiyA gyaa| eka ora unameM ahiMsA kI sUkSmatA ke sAtha pAlana ke nirdeza haiM to dUsarI ora aise aneka nirdeza bhI haiM jo isa sUkSma ahiMsaka jIvanazailI ke viparIta haiN| isa prakAra eka ora unameM na kevala muni kI acelatA kA pratipAdana hai apitu usakA samarthana bhI kiyA gayA hai, to dUsarI ora vastra, pAtra ke sAtha-sAtha muni ke upakaraNoM kI lambI sUcI bhI mila jAtI hai| eka ora kezaloMca kA vidhAna hai to dUsarI kSura-muNDana kI anujJA bhI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vedanIya ke bhedoM meM krodha vedanIya Adi kA ullekha hai, jo ki karma siddhAnta ke granthoM meM yahA~ taka ki svayaM uttarAdhyayana ke karmaprakRti nAmaka adhyayana meM bhI anupalabdha hai, ukta sAkSyoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya jaina saMgha kA, niSpakSa itihAsa prastuta karatA hai| vastuta: tathyoM ko yathArtharUpa meM prastutIkaraNa ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kI vizeSatA hai| vastutaH tathyAtmaka vividhatAoM evaM antarvirodhoM ke kAraNa ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke granthoM kA kAlakrama-nirdhAraNa sahaja ho jAtA hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM jainasaMgha ke itihAsa kA prAmANika rUpa yadi hama ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana kareM to hameM yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainaparamparA ke AcAra evaM vicAra meM kAlakrama meM kucha parivartana hue| dArzanika cintana aura AcAra-niyamoM meM kAlakrama meM hue parivartanoM ko jAnane kA AdhAra ardhamAgadhI Agama hI hai, kyoMki ina parivartanoM ko samajhane ke lie unameM tathyoM ke krama ko khojA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaina dharma meM sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kaise dRDhamUla hotA gayA isakI jAnakArI RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana sUtrakRtAMga aura bhagavatI ke pandrahaveM zataka ke samIkSAtmaka adhyayana se mila jAtI hai| RSibhASita meM nArada, maMkhaligozAla, asitadevala, tArAyaNa, yAjJavalkya, bAhuka Adi anya paramparA ke RSiyoM ko arhat RSi kahakara sammAnita kiyA gyaa| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI kapila, nami, karakaNDu, naggati, gardabhAlI, saMjaya Adi kA sammAnapUrvaka smaraNa kiyA gayA aura sUtrakRtAMga meM inameM se kucha ko paramparA-sammata mAnA gayA, yadyapi jaina paramparA se unake AcArabheda ko bhI darzAyA gayA; vahIM jJAtAdharmakathA meM nArada kI aura bhagavatI ke pandrahaveM zataka meM maMkhalIgozAla kI kaTa AlocanA kI gii| isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM jaina paramparA meM anya paramparAoM ke prati udAratA kA bhAva kaise kama hotA gayA aura sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kaise dRr3hamUla hote gaye isakA yathArtha citraNa upalabdha hotA hai|
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________________ AcArAMga- prathama zrutaskandha, AcAracUlA, dazavaikAlika, nizItha Adi chedasUtra tathA unake bhASya aura cUrNiyoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jainAcAra meM kAlakrama meM kyA-kyA parivartana huaa| isI prakAra RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI, jJAtA Adi ke adhyayana se spaSTa hotA hai ki pArthApatyoM kA mahAvIra ke saMgha para kyA prabhAva par3A aura donoM ke bIca kisa prakAra sambandhoM meM parivartana hotA gyaa| isI prakAra ke aneka prazna, jinake kAraNa jaina samAja sAmpradAyika kaThagharoM meM banda hai, ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke niSpakSa adhyayana ke mAdhyama se sulajhAye jA sakate haiN| ardhamAgadhI Agama zaurasenI Agama aura paravartI mahArASTrI vyAkhyAsAhitya ke AdhAra ardhamAgadhI Agama zaurasenI Agama aura mahArASTrI vyAkhyAsAhitya ke AdhAra rahe haiM, kyoMki ve jaina dharma evaM darzana ke prAcInatama srota haiM yadyapi zaurasenI Agama aura vyAkhyA sAhitya meM cintana ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha deza-kAla aura sahagAmI paramparAoM ke prabhAva se bahuta kucha aisI bhI sAmagrI hai jo unakI apanI maulika kahI jA sakatI hai| phira bhI unake aneka granthoM ke mUlasrota ke rUpa meM ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| mAtra mUlAcAra kI hI tIna sau se adhika gAthAe~ uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, Avazyaka niyukti, jIvasamAsa, Atura pratyAkhyAna, candravedhyaka (candAvejjhaya) Adi meM upalabdha hotI haiN| isI prakAra bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI aneka gAthAyeM ardhamAgadhI Agama aura vizeSa rUpa se prakIrNakoM (painnA) meM milatI haiN| SaTakhaNDAgama aura prajJApanA meM bhI jo samAnatAe~ parilakSita hotI haiM, unakI vistRta carcA paNDita dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne (pro0e0ena0 upAdhye vyAkhyAnamAlA meM) kI hai| niyamasAra kI kucha gAthAe~ anuyogadvAra evaM itara AgamoM meM bhI pAI jAtI haiM, jabaki samayasAra Adi kucha aise zaurasenI Agama grantha bhI haiM, jinakI maulika racanA kA zreya unake kartAoM ko hI hai| tiloyapannati kA prAthamika rUpa vizeSarUpa se Avazyaka niyukti tathA kucha prakINakoM ke AdhAra para taiyAra huA, yadyapi bAda meM usameM paryApta rUpa se parivartana aura parivardhana huA hai| isaprakAra zaurasenI AgamoM ke niSpakSa adhyayana se yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki unakA mUlaAdhAra ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya hI rahA hai, tathApi unameM jo saiddhAntika gaharAIyA~ aura vikAsa parilakSita hote haiM ve unake racanAkAroM kI maulika dena haiN| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA kRrtatva ajJAta ___ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM prajJApanA, dazavakAlika aura chedasUtroM ke kartRtva chor3akara zeSa ke racanAkAroM ke sambandha meM hameM koI spaSTa jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotI hai| yadyapi dazavakAlika Arya zayambhavasUri kI, chedasUtra Arya bhadrabAhu kI aura prajJApanA zyAmAcArya (AjjakaNha) kI kRti mAnI jAtI hai| mahAnizItha kA usakI dImakoM se
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________________ bhakSita prati ke AdhAra para AcArya haribhadra ne samuddhAra kiyA thA yaha svayaM usI meM ullekhita hai| jabaki anya AgamoM ke kartAoM ke bAre meM hama andhakAra meM hI haiN| sambhavata: usakA mUla kAraNa yaha rahA hogA ki sAmAnya-jana meM isa bAta kA pUrNa vizvAsa banA rahe ki ardhamAgadhI Agama gaNadhara athavA pUrvadharoM kI kRti hai| isaliye kartAoM ne apane nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| yaha vaisI hI sthiti hai jaisI hindU purANoM ke kartA ke rUpa meM kevala veda vyAsa ko jAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi ve aneka AcAryoM kI aura paryApta paravatIkAla kI racanAe~ haiN| isake viparIta zaurasenI AgamoM kI mukhya vizeSatA yaha hai ki unameM prAya: sabhI granthoM kA kartRtva sunizcita hai| yadyapi unameM bhI kucha parivartana aura prakSepa paravartI AcAryoM ne kiye haiN| phira bhI isa sambandha meM unakI sthiti ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI apekSA kAphI spaSTa hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM to yahA~ taka bhI huA hai ki kucha vilupta kRtiyoM ke sthAna para paryApta paravartI kAla meM dUsarI kRti hI rakha dI gaI isa sambandha meM praznavyAkaraNa kI sampUrNa viSayavastu ke parivatana ko pUrva meM hI carcA kI jA cukI hai| abhI abhI aMgacUliyA aura baMgacUliyA nAmaka do vilupta Agama grantha prApta huye, jo bhogIlAla laheracanda bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira meM upalabdha haiM, kintu jaba unakA adhyayana kiyA gayA to patA calA ki ve lokAzAha ke pazcAt arthAt solahavIM yA satrahavIM zatAbdI meM kisI ajJAta AcArya ne banAkara rakha diye haiN| yadyapi isase yaha niSkarSa bhI nahIM nikAla lenA cAhie ki yaha sthiti sabhI ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI hai| kyoMki ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unake prakSepoM aura parivartanoM ko AsAnI se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai, jabaki zaurasenI AgamoM meM hue prakSepoM ko jAnanA jaTila hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa kA prazna / yadyapi Aja ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ko aMga, upAMga, mUla, cheda, cUlikAsUtra aura prakIrNaka ke rUpa meM vargIkRta kiyA jAtA hai, kintu yaha vargIkaraNa paryApta paravartI hai| prAcInatama ullekha to aMga aura aMgabAhya ke rUpa meM hI milate haiM, inameM bhI 12 aMgoM kA to spaSTa ullekha hai, kintu aMga bAhya kI saMkhyA kA spaSTa nirdeza kahI nahIM hai| puna: nandI aura tattvArthabhASya meM aMgabAhya kA Avazyaka aura Avazyaka vyatirikta tathA kAlika evaM utkAlika ke rUpa meM to vargIkaraNa milatA hai, kintu upAMga, mUla, cheda Adi ke rUpa meM nahIM milatA hai| aMgabAhya AgamoM kI vistRta sUcI bhI nandI aura tattvArthabhASya meM milatI hai, usase yaha bhI jJAta ho jAtA hai ki na kevala dRSTivAda aura pUrva sAhitya ke granthoM kA lopa huA hai, kintu aneka ardhamAgadhI aMga bAhya granthoM kA bhI lopa ho cukA hai| yadyapi isa lopa kA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki unakI viSayavastu pUrNata: naSTa ho gaI, apitu itanA hI hai ki usakI viSayavastu anyatra kisI grantha meM surakSita ho jAne se usa grantha kA rUpa samApta ho gyaa|
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________________ AgamoM kI viSayavastu ke sambandha meM jisa atizayatA kI carcA paravartI AcAryoM ne kI hai, vaha atiraMjanA pUrNa hai| unakI viSayavastu ke AkAra ke sambandha meM AgamoM aura paravartI granthoM meM jo sUcanAe~ haiM ve unakI vizvasanIyatA para prazna cihna upasthita karatI haiN| hamArI zraddhA aura vizvAsa cAhe kucha bhI ho kintu tarka, buddhi aura gaveSaNAtmaka dRSTi se to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki Agama sAhitya kI viSayavastu meM kramaza: vikAsa hI hotA rahA hai| yaha kahanA ki AcArAMga ke Age pratyeka aMga grantha kI zloka saMkhyA eka dUsare se kramaza: dviguNita thI athavA 14 veM pUrva kI viSayavastu itanI thI ki use caudaha hAthiyoM ke barAbara syAhI se likhA jA sakatA thA vizvAsa kI vastu ho sakatI hai, buddhigamya nhiiN| anta meM vidvAnoM se merI yaha apekSA hai ki ve AgamoM aura vizeSa rUpa se ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA adhyayana zvetAmbara, digambara, mUrtipUjaka, sthAnakavAsI yA terApaMthI dRSTi se na kareM apitu ina sAmpradAyika abhinivezoM se Upara uThakara kareM, tabhI hama unake mAdhyama se jainadharma ke prAcIna svarUpa kA yathArthadarzana kara sakeMge aura prAmANika rUpa se yaha bhI samajha sakeMge ki kAlakrama meM unameM kaise aura kyA parivartana hue haiN| Aja AvazyakatA hai paM0 becaradAsa jI jaisI niSpakSa evaM taTastha buddhi se unake adhyayana kii| anyathA digambaroM ko usameM vastrasambandhI ullekha prakSepa lageMge to zvetAmbara sAre vastra-pAtra ke ullekha mahAvIrakAlIna mAnane lagegA aura donoM hI yaha nahIM samajha sakeMge ki vastra-pAtra kA kramika vikAsa kina paristhitiyoM meM aura kaise haA hai| yahI sthiti anya prakAra ke sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se yukta adhyayana kI bhI hogii| punaH zaurasenI aura ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhI unameM nihita satya ko yathArtha rUpa se Alokita kara skegaa| AzA hai yuvA vidvAn merI isa prArthanA para dhyAna deNge| sandarbha : 1. pro0sAgaramala jaina, 'ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya : eka vimarza', pro. sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha, vArANasI 1998 I0, dvitIya khaNDa, pRSTha 7. 2. dekheM- AcArAGga, prathama zrutaskandha, adhyayana 9, upadhAna zruta. 3. dekheM-- RSibhASita : eka adhyayana (DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina) pR0 4-9. AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 2- pR0 187. 5. dekheM--- (a) zramaNa, varSa 41, aMka 10, 12 aktambara-disambara 98 DaoN0 ke0 Ara candrA--- kSetrajJa zabda ke vividha prAkRta rUpoM kI kathA aura usakA ardhamAgadhI rUpAntara, pR0 49-56. (ba) ke0Ara0 candrA, "AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM svIkRta kucha pAtroM kI
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________________ samIkSA'', paM0 becaradAsa dozI smRti grantha, vArANasI 1990 I0, hindI khaNDa, pRSTa 1-7, 6. pro0 sAgaramala jaina evaM pro0 ema0e0 DhAMkI, "rAmaputta yA rAmagupta: sUtrakRtAGga ke saMdarbha meM". paM0 becaradAsa dozI smRtigrantha, pR0 8-11. 7. (i) sthAnAMga 10, (i) samavAyAMga, (ii) nandI, (iv) nandIcUrNi, (v) tattvArthabhASya 1, (vi) sarvArthasiddhi, (vii) dhavalA, (vii) jydhvlaa| 8. pro0 sAgaramala jaina, 'antakRddazA kI viSayavastu', paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA abhinandana grantha, vArANasI 1991 I0; hindI khaNDa, pRSTha 12-18.