Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ apabhraMza-sAhitya devendrakumAra jaina yadyapi mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke "vikramorvazIya" nATaka(I. lagamaga prathama zatAbdI) ke caturtha aMkameM, ' kavi zUdraka viracita " mudrArAkSasa" nATakake (lagabhaga dUsarI zatAbdI) dUsare aMkoM aura zaivAgama tathA caryApadoMmeM apabhraMzakI bikharI huI sAmagrI milatI hai, jisase yaha patA calatA hai ki bhASAke rUpameM yaha I0 pU0 prathama zatAbdIse hI pracalita rahI hogI parantu sAhityake pada para lagabhaga pAMcavI zatAbdImeM pratiSThita huI hogii| kyoMki chaThI zatAbdIke bhAmaha saMskRta aura prAkRtakI bhAMti apabhraMza kAvyakA bhI ullekha karate hue tIna prakArakI bhASAomeM kAvya likhe jAnekA abhidhAna karate haiN| yahI nahIM, apabhraMzameM usa yugameM mukhya rUpase kathAeM likhI jAtI thIM jo svAbhAvika bhI hai| dezI bhASA aura sAhityake pratiSThita honemeM do-cAra yugoMkA nahIM, zatAbdiyoMkA samaya lagA hogaa| AThavIM zatAbdImeM apabhraMzameM itane sundara aura kalAsampanna mahAkAvya likhe jAne lage the ki unako dekha kara sahajameM hI do sau varSa pUrvakI sthitikA anumAna ho jAtA hai jaba lokakaviyoMne apabhraMzake prabandha kAvyoMkI racanA prArambha kara dI thii| mahAkavi svayambhU (navama zatAbdIkA prArambha) ne "svayambhUchanda" tathA "riTThaNemicariu "meM govinda, caturmukha, mahaTTa, siddhaprabha Adi kaI apabhraMza kaviyoMkA ullekha kiyA hai jisase prabandhakAvyoMkI paramparAkI prAcInatA tathA apabhraMza kAvya evaM kaviyoMkA patA calatA hai| caturmukhake dvArA likhita paumacariu, riThThaNemIcariu aura paMcamIkahAkA ullekha milatA hai para racanAeM abhI taka upalabdha nahIM ho skii| ina ullekhose yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdIse apabhraMza prabandhakAvyoMkI racanA hone lagI thii| 1 zabdArtho sahitau kAvyaM gadyaM padyaJca tadvidhA / saMskRtaM prAkRtaM cAnyadapabhraMza iti tridhA // kAvyAlaMkAra, 1,16 2 na vaktrAparavaktrAbhyAM yuktA nocchvAsavatyapi / saMskRtaM saMskRtA ceSTA kathApabhraMzabhAktathA / / vahI, 1,28 3 jaina graMtha prazasti saMgraha, pR0 36 /
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 66 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha lagabhaga eka sahasra varSoMke dIrgha kAla-parimANameM apabhraMza sAhityakI racanA hotI rahI hai| upalabdha sAhitya nauvIM zatAbdIse aThArahavIM zatAbdI takakA hai| adhikAMza sAhitya padyabaddha hai| svatantra rUpase koI gadya-racanA nahIM miltii| yahAM taka ki zrutakIrti viracita "yogazAstra" aura vaidyaka grantha "jagatsundarI prayogamAlA" padyabaddha hI haiN| mukhya rUpase udyotanasUrikRta "kuvalayamAlAkathA" (vi0 saM0 835) aura dAmodara racita "uktivyakti prakaraNa "(11-12vIM zatAbdI)meM apabhraMza gadyake namUne milate haiN| sAdhu sundaragaNikRta "uktiratnAkara"meM bhI dezI zabda tathA bhASAke udAharaNa milate haiN| tantrasArameM apabhraMzake kebala kucha padya hI prApta hote haiN| isa prakAra phaTakara tathA muktaka rUpameM madhyayugIna anya bhAratIya bhASAoMmeM likhita sAhityameM bhI apabhraM bhASAke nAma-rUpoMkI chApa dekhI jA sakatI hai| upalabdha apabhraMza-sAhityakI tAlikA isa prakAra haiambadeva sUri samarArAsa (racanA saM0 1371)-prakAzita abdula rahamAna sandezarAsaka (12 vIM zatAbdI ?), abhayagaNi subhadrAcarita (racanA saM0 1161) abhayadevasUri jayatihuaNastotra (racanA saM0 1119)-prakAzita amarakIrtigaNi NemiNAthacariu (ra0 saM0 1244), chakkammovaesa-(ra0 saM0 1247), puraMdaravihANakahA (ra0 sa0 1275), mahAvIracariu, jasaharacariu, jhANapaIva (anuplbdh)| amaramuni chandoratnAvalI asavAla pAsaNAhacariu (ra0 saM0 1479) Asiga jIvadayArAsa (vi0 saM0 1257) IzvaragaNi zIlasandhi RSabhadAsa ratnatrayapUjA kanakakIrti nandIzvara jayamAlA kanakAmara karakaNDacariu (11 vIM zatAbdI)-prakAzita guNabhadra bhaTTAraka aNaMtavayakahA, savaNavArasivihANakahA, pakhavaikahA, NahapaMcamI, caMdAyaNa, caMdaNachaTTI, NarayautArI duddhArasa, Ni duhasattamI, mauDasattamI, puSphaMjalivaya, rohiNIvihANa, rayaNattaya vihANa, dahalakkhaNavaya, laddha vihANa, solahakAraNavayavihi, suyNdhdhmiikhaa| jayadeva bhAvanAsaMdhi (ra0 saM0 1606) . jayamitrahala zrIpAlacaritra, varddhamAnakathA, malinAthakAvya / jalhiga anuprekSArAsa 1 jadda jaha jassu jahiM , civa paphurai ajjavasAu / taha taha tassu tahiM, civa tArisu hoi pahAu // taMtrasAra (abhinavagupta), 4,1 yaha tAlikA adhikatara upalabdha granthoMke AdhAra para prAmANika rUpase taiyAra kI gaI hai| yadyapi 'jinaratnakoza'. (khaNDa 1)meM isa sUcI meM anullikhita granthoMkA apabhraMza-granthoMke nAmase ullekha milatA hai, kintu ve aprApya honese yA prAkRta bhASAmeM likhita honese isa tAlikAmeM sammilita nahIM kiye gaye haiN|
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ apabhraMza-sAhitya : 67 jinadattasUri jinapadmasUri jinaprabhasUri jinaprabhasUri jinaprabhasUri jinabhadra jinavaradeva chatrasena kavi ThakurasI kavi ThAkura tejapAla paM0 darzana vijaya dAmodara dAmodara (jinadeva ke putra) devacanda devadatta devasena kavi devadatta devanandI devasUri devasenagaNi delhaNa dhanapAla dhanapAla dharmasUri dhavala kavi dhAhila nayanandI narasena nemacanda padmakIrti puSpadanta upadezarasAyanarAsa (saM0 1132-1210), carcarI rAsa / sthUlabhadra phAga (saM0 1390 ke lagabhaga) anAthasandhi, antaraMgarAsa, antaraMgavivAha / Atmasambodha kulaka, moharAjavijaya, sAvayavihi, jinajanmamaha, neminaathraas| vajrasAmicariu (saM0 1316) subhASitakulaka buddhirasAyaNa rukmiNIvidhAna meghamAlAkathA (ra0 saM0 1580) sAMtiNAhacariu (ra0 saM0 1652), mahApurANa kalikA (ra0 saM0 1650) saMbhavaNAhacariu (pratilipi saM0 1583), varAMgacariu-(20 saM0 1507), pArasaNAhapurANu (16 vIM shtaabdii)| vijayatilakasUrirAsa (saM0 1679)-prakAzita NemiNAhacariu (ra0 saM0 1287) siripAlacariu, NemiNAhacariu, cNdpphcriu| pAsaNAhacariu (lipi saM0 1494) varAMgacarita, zAntinAthapurANa, aMbAdevIrAsa-(anupalabdha) sAvayadhammadohA-prakAzita / pAsaNAhacariu (ra0 saM0 1275) rohaNIvayakahA upadezakulaka suloyaNAcariu gayasukumAlarAsa (vi0 saM0 1300 ke lagabhaga) bhavisayattakahA (ra0 saM0 1393) bAhubalicariu (ra0 saM0 1454) jambUsAmirAsa (ra0 saM0 1266) harivaMsapurANa (12 vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga) paumasiricariu (10 vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga)-prakAzita sudaMsaNacariu, sayalavihi vihANakavva (ra0 saM0 1100 ke lagabhaga) siddhacakkakahA, jiNarattivihANakahA (14 vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga) ravivaukahA, aNaMtavayakahA pAsaNAhacariu (vi0 saM0 999) mahApurANa (vi0 saM0 1016-1022), nAgakumAracarita, yazodharacarita-prakAzita / sukumAlacariu kalirAsa (vi0 saM0 1363) pUrNabhadramuni prajJAtilaka
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 68 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha bAlacandramuni bUcirAja (valha) bra0 uMdU brahma sAvAraNa bhagavatIdAsa mahaNasiMha mahIcanda mahIrAja mahezvarasUri mANikkacaMda mANikkarAja kavi muni kumudacaMda muni cAritasena muni yazaHkIrti yazaHkIrti yazaHkIrti nirayaduhasattamIkahA, ravivaukahA, NarayautArI, duddhaarskhaa| mayaNajujjha (vi0 saM0 1589) caitirAsA kokilApaMcamIkahA, mukuTasaptamIkathA, dudhArasIkathA, AdityavAra, tInacaubIsI, puSpAMjali, nirduHkhasaptamI, nirjharapaMcamIkathA / migAMkalehAcariu (vi0 saM0 1700), mauhasattabhIkahA, suyNdhdhmiikhaa| triMzat jinacaubIsI zAntinAthapurANa (ra0 saM0 1587) naladavadaMtIrAsa (saM0 1539) saMjamamaMjarI tathA A0 hemacandrasUrikRta "saMjamamaMjarI" kI svopajJa vivRti evaM TIkA' sattavasaNakahA (ra0 saM0 1634) amarasenacariu (vi0 saM0 1577), NAyakumAracariu (saM0 1576) neminAtharAsa samAdhirAsa jagasundarIprayogamAlA (Ayurveda) caMdappahacariu (12-13 vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga) pANDavapurANa (ra0 sa0 1497), harivarsa purANa (ra0 saM0 1500) jinarattivihANakahA, rvivukhaa| paramappayAsu, joyasAra / paumacariu, harivaMsapurANa, AdipurANa (anupalabdha), pAsapurANa, sammattaguNanidhAna, mehesaracariu, jIvaMdharacariu, jasaharacariu, puNNAsavakahAkosa, dhanakumAracariu, sukosalacariu, sammahajinacariu, siddhacakkavayavihi, vRttasAra, siddhAntArthasAra, Atmasambohakaba, aNathamIkahA, sammattaka umudI, karakaNDu-sudaMsaNacariu (anupalabdha), dazalakSaNa jayamAlA, SoDazakAraNa jayamAlA, samyaktvabhAvanA sohaMthudi (anekAnta meM prkaashit)| jinadattacAI (ra0 saM0 1353) pradyumnakathA neminAthaphAga (saM0 1405 ke laMgabhaga) pAhuDadohA (vikrama kI dasavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga) aMtaraMgasaMdhi (vi0 saM0 1362) yogIndradeva paM0 raidhU madanakayA ralha kavi ralhaNa rAjazekharasUri rAmasiMha muni ratnaprabhasUri 1 anya TIkA-granthoMke rUpoMmeM apabhraMza bhASAmeM likhita devendrasUrikRta " uttarAdhyayanasUtra vRtti", ratnaprabhasUrikRta " upadezamAga dodharI vRtti", mUlazuddhaprakaraNa vRtti, AkhyAtamaNikoSa vRtti tathA bhavabhAvanAprakaraNa vRtti ullekhanIya haiN| 'saMjamamaMjarI'kI TIkA bRhat haiN| pustakAkAra lagabhaga tInasI pRSThoMkI hai, jo abhItaka aprakAzita hai| lekhaka isa granthakA saMskaraNa taiyAra kara hai|
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ apabhraMza-sAhitya : 69 lalitakIrti bhaTTAraka lAkhU (lakSmaNa) lakSmaNa lakhamIcaMda vajrasenasUri varadatta barddhamAnasUri vijayasiMha vijayasenasUri vidyApati vinayacaMda vinayacandrasUri vinayaprabha vimalakIrti vIra kavi vIra kavi vibudha zrIdhara jinarAtrikathA, jyeSThajinavarakathA, dazalakSaNIkathA, dhanakalazakathA, kaMjikAvratakathA, karmanirjarAcartudazI kthaa| jiNadattakahA (ra0saM0 1275), aNuvayarayaNapaIva (vi0 saM0 1313), cNdnnchttiikhaa| NemiNAhacariu (14 vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga) dohANuprekSArAsa bharatezvara-bAhubalighorarAsa vajrasvAmIcaritra vIra jinapAraNaka ajitanAthapurANa (vi0 saM0 1505) revaMtagirirAsa (vi0 saM0 1287),-prakAzita kIrtilatA (15 vIM zatAbdI)-prakAzita canaDIrAsa, nijapharapaMcamIvihANakahA, kalyANakarAsa, duddhArasa khaa| neminAtha ca upaI (vi0 saM0 1257) gautamasvAmIrAsa (vi0 saM0 1412) sokhavaivihANakahA, suyaMvaMdasamIkahA, caMdAyaNava ukhaa| jambUsAmicariu (ra0 saM0 1076) NANasAra kI pAthaDI pAsapurANa (ra0 saM0 1189), vaDDhamANacariu (ra0 saM0 1190), caMdappahacariu (anupalabdha) paMcapaNDavacaritarAsa (vi. saM. 1410) bharatezvarabAhubalirAsa (vi0 saM0 1241), buddhirAsa,-prakAzita sAMtiNAhacariu kahAkosu, rayaNakaraNDasAvayAyAra (ra0 saM0 1120) caMdappahacariu (vi0 saM0 1793) sukumAlacariu (ra0 sa0 1208) bhavisayattakahA (ra0 saM0 1230) vasudhIracariya (1) harivaMsapurANa (vi0 saM0 1552), parameSThIprakAzasAra, dharmaparIkSA, yogasAra (16 vIM shtaabdii)| samyaktvakaumudI jinapadmasUri paTTAbhiSekarAsa (17 vI zatAbdI ke lgbhg)| jambUsAmicariu (vi0 sa0 1060) vilAsavaIkahA (ra0 saM0 1123) pajjuNNacariu (12 vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga) suppayadohA (vairAgyasAra) neminAtharAsa (lagabhaga 13 vIM zatAbdI) kumArapAla pratibodha (vi0 saM0 1241)-prakAzita zAlibhadrasUri zAlibhadrasUri zubhakIrti zrIcaMda zrIcaMda zrIdhara zrIvara zrIbhUSaNa zrutakIrti sahaNapAla kavi sAramUrti sAgaradattasUri sAdhAraNa siddhasena siddha-siMha kavi suprabhAcArya sumatigaNi somaprabhasUri
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 70 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha svayaMbhU, tribhuvana svayaMbhU paumacariu, harivaMsapurANa, svayambhUchanda, paMcamIkahA, svayambhU vyAkaraNa (anuplbdh)| haricaMda aNathamIkahA, dazalakSaNakathA, naarikerkthaa| harideva mayaNaparAjayacariu (15 vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga) haribhadrasUri sanatkumAracarita (vi0 saM0 1216) prakAzita-rihaNemicariu haribhadra NemikumAracariu-prakAzita hariSeNa dhammaparikkhA (vi0 saM0 1044) harisiMha sAdhu samyaktvakaumudI (prakAzita, anekAnta, 11, 2) hemacandrasUri siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana, dezInAmamAlA (13 vIM zatAbdI)-prakAzita hemacandra brahma zrutaskandha inake atirikta pATanake bhaNDArameM jinaprabhasUrike nAmase mRgAputra kulaka, subhASita kulaka, viveka kulaka, dharmAdharma vicAra kulaka, mallinAthacaritra, bhavyacaritra, bhavyakuTumbacaritra, mahAvIracaritra, jinajanmamaha, zrAvakavidhi, antaraMgavivAha, caityaparipATI, sAdhArmika vAsatya kulaka, vajrasvAmIcaritra (vi0 saM0 1316), moharAjavijaya, narmadAsundarIsandhi (vi0 saM0 1328), aMtaraMgasaMdhi, anAthasaMdhi, madanarekhAsaMdhi, jIvAnuzAstisaMdhi, RSabhacaritastavana, nemirAsa (vi0 saM01297), gautamacaritra kulaka, jinAgamavacanastavana, bhAvanA kulaka, bhAvanAsAra, yugAdijinacaritra kulaka, munisuvRtasvAmIstotra, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha-munisuvratajinajanmAbhiSeka tathA jinajanmotsavastavana Adi aneka racanAeM milatI haiN| isI prakAra A0 jinadattasUri viracita upadezarasAyanarasa, kAlasvarUpa kulaka, avasthA kulaka, carcarI, A0 jinaballabhasUrikI stuti, stavana Adi kaI racanAoMkA ullekha milatA hai| apabhraMzameM aisI aneka choTI-baDI racanAeM rAsa, sandhi, kulaka, carcarI Adi rUpameM upalabdha hotI haiM jinake lekhakoM ke saMbaMdhameM kucha bhI ThIka rUpase jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai| aisI racanAoMmeM kucha nimnalikhita haiM bAhubalapAthar3I, vasantavilAsa phAga (saM0 1400-1425), jinacaMdasUri phAga (saM0 1341 ke lagabhaga), AbUrAsa (13vIM zatAbdI), carcarikA, zAlibhadramAtRkA, saMvegamAtRkA, jambUcaritra, madanarekhAcaritra, mRgaputra maharSicaritra, caturaMgasandhi, caturviMzatijinakalyANaka, kathAeM, stutistavana Adi / isa prakAra apabhraMza-sAhitya kaI rUpoMmeM tathA vidhAoMmeM vikasita milatA haiN| yadyapi abhI taka isakA sampUrNa sAhitya upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hai parantu jo prabandha racanAeM milatI haiM ve kaI bAtoMmeM madhyayugIna bhAratIya sAhityameM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatI haiN| aura unhIMkI paramparA tathA zailI para paravartI hindI sAhitya tathA anya bhAratIya Arya bhASAoMkA sAhitya likhA gyaa| bhASA aura sAhitya dona hI rUpoMmeM navya bhAratIya AryabhASAbhoMkA vAGmaya apabhraMzase puraskRta huA hai| aura isIlie pariNAmakI dRSTise nahIM, mUlyAMkanakI dRSTise yaha sAhitya prAcIna bhAratIya Arya sAhitya aura Adhunika bhAratIya sAhityakI madhyavartI kar3I hai jo jana-janakI cetanAko Aja bhI apanI sahaja vANImeM surakSita banAye hue hai| aitihAsika aura kAvyAtmaka donoM hI dRSTiyoMse Aja isa sAhityakA vizeSa mahatva bar3ha gayA hai| paraMtu jaba taka isakA ThIkase mUlyAMkana nahIM hotA hai taba taka madhyayugIna bhAratIya sAhityakA yathArtha citra aspaSTa hI rhegaa| AzA hai, bhaviSyakI spaSTa bhAvabharI ujjvala rekhAoMmeM isakA yathArtha rUpa zIghra hI prakAzita ho skegaa| aura tabhI hindI bhASA tathA sAhitya ke udaya tathA vikAsakI vAstavika paramparAkA bodha ho skegaa|