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________________ pro0 devendrakumAra jaina ema0 e0, pI-eca0 DI0, zAstrI, rAyapura apabhraMza jaina sAhitya apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya donoM kA atyanta mahatva hai. bhASA vikAsa kI dRSTi se apabhraMza madhya bhAratIya AryabhASAoM kI aMtima avasthA kA nAma hai. prAkRta kI apekSA yaha bhASA madhura hai. rAjazekhara ne saMskRta-bandha ko kaThora kahA hai aura prAkRta ko sukumAra, lekina vidyApati dezavacana ko 'sabajana-miTThA' kahate haiM. apabhraMza dezI bhASA ke adhika nikaTa hai. ' mahAkavi svayambhU ne ise grAmINa bhASA kahA hai. sAdhAraNataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki madhyabhAratIya AryabhASAoM kI madhya bhUmikA tathA navya bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM kI Adima bhUmikA ke madhya kA rUpa apabhraMza hai. mukhya rUpa se yaha pazcimI bhASA hai. rAjazekhara ne bhI isakA saMketa kiyA hai. usane likhA hai ki uttara ke kavi saMskRtapremI haiM. marubhUmi (mAravAr3a) rAjapUtAnA aura paMjAba ke kavi apabhraMza meM adhika ruci rakhate haiM, avanti, dazapura aura pArayAtra ke kavi bhUtabhASA premI hote haiM. kintu madhyadeza ke kavi sabhI bhASAoM meM ruci rakhate haiM. yahI nahIM, usane isa bAta para bala diyA hai ki saMskRta, prAkRta kaviyoM ke bAda hI rAjadarabAra meM apabhraMza kaviyoM ko pazcima dizA meM sthAna diyA jAya, bhASAgata sAmya ke AdhAra para paMjAbI, siMdhI aura jUnI rAjasthAnI ke sambandha meM yaha kathana ThIka mAnA jA sakatA hai. prAkRta meM jaina aura bauddha sAhitya hI pramukha hai. apabhraMza kA adhikAMza sAhitya jaina sAhitya hai. sandeza rAsaka tathA siddhasAhitya (bauddha caryApada, gIti aura dohA) ko chor3akara lagabhaga samUcA vAGmaya jaina zAhitya hai. apabhraMza sAhitya hiMdI sAhitya se nyUna nahIM hai. hindI sAhitya ke Adi kAla kI aneka racanAyeM apabhraMza kI ginAI jAtI haiM. kevala itanA hI nahIM, zrI candradhara zarmA gulerI ise 'purAnI hindI' nAma dete haiM. gujarAtI ise 'jUnI gujarAtI' aura rAjasthAnI 'purAnI rAjasthAnI' kahakara pukArate haiM. isase bhI apabhraMza kI sAmAnya AdhAra bhUmikA kA patA lagatA hai. hiMdI ke bhakti aura rIti kAla ke sAhitya se apabhraMza sAhitya adhika vistRta hai. sAhityika dRSTi se bhI isakA vizeSa sthAna hai. hiMdI sAhitya kI aneka pravRttiyAM apabhraMza-yuga kI dena haiM. chaMdoM kI vividhatA, racanA-zailI, paramparAgata kAvyAtmaka varNana, sAhityika rUr3hiyoM kA nirvAha, laukika aura zAstrIya zailiyoM kA samanvaya, vastu vidhAna, prakRti-citraNa, rasAtmakatA, bhakti aura zRMgAra kA puTa Adi pravRttiyAM apabhraMza-sAhitya se hI paramparAgata rUpa meM hiMdI sAhitya ko prApta huI haiM. 4 upalabdha apabhraMza jaina sAhitya meM prabandhakAvyoM kI saMkhyA adhika nahIM hai. phira bhI hiMdI prabaMdhakAvyoM se apabhraMza prabandhakAvya 1. svayambhU - paumacariu prathama bhAga 1, 2. 2. svayambhU - paumacariu prathama bhAga 1, 3. 3. dekhie, kAvyamImAMsA dazama adhyAya. 4. dekhiye 'merA lekha sandezarAsaka aura hindI kAvyadhArA' saptasindhu apraila 60 kA aMka. 3 ARMANNA Jain EduSEINENEN SEINEINEINZINEISENDINIAINEIN INDIANABISA...
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________________ pro. devendrakumAra jaina : apabhraMza jaina-sAhitya : 805 wwwwwwwwwww sAhityika racanA-vidhAna meM utkRSTha aura parimANa meM adhika haiM. apabhraza ke prakAzita jaina prabandhakAvya isa prakAra haiMpaumacariu riTTharaNemicariu, mahApurANa, NAyakumAracariu, jasahara cariu,bhavisayatta kahA, karakaMDuvariu, gemiNAhacariu, paumasirIcariu, sanatkumAra-carita aura sudaMsaNacariu Adi. kucha aprakAzita prabandhakAvyoM ke nAma ye haiM-harivaMzapurANu, pAMDupurANu, padmapurANu, sukozala cariu, meghezvaracariu Adi. inameM se purANakAvya aura caritakAvya zuddha dhArmika kAvya graMtha haiM aura NAyakumAra-cariu, karakaMDucariu, aura paumasirIcariu mukhyataH romAMTika kAvya haiM. inake atirikta muktaka kAvyoM meM rAsa, carcarI, kulaka, phAgu, dohA aura gIti racanAyeM haiM. upalabdha apabhraza sAhitya meM gadya aura dRzyakAvya nahIM ke barAbara haiM. lokagIta avazya usa samaya pracalita the, jinakA AdhAra lokaprasiddha kathA hotI thI. mahArASTra meM isakA pracalana adhika vyApaka thA. khaMDakAvya ke nAma para kevala 'saMdezarAsaka' prApta ho sakA hai. parantu abhI apabhraMza kA vipula sAhitya prakAzana kI pratIkSA meM hai. mahAkavi svayambhU tathA puSpadanta ke ullekhoM se yahI patA calatA hai ki apabhraza sAhitya sAtavIM sadI se prAcIna hai. lagabhaga eka hajAra varSoM taka yaha sAhitya bhArata-bhUmi para pallavita-puSpita hotA rahA. bhASA hI nahIM, sAhitya meM bhI yaha prAkRta sAhitya se mela khAtA hai. abhI taka samUce prAkRta sAhitya kA AloDana nahIM ho sakA. isakA kAraNa saMskRta ko adhika bar3hAvA denA hai. kiMtu saMskRta meM prabhAva rUpa se kaI bAteM prAkRta aura apabhraza kI milatI haiM. saMskRta ke kaI chanda prAkRtachaMda haiM aura aMtyAnuprAsa kI pravRtti apabhraza sAhitya kI dena hai. vastu-vivaraNa paddhati bhI donoM meM samAna hai. hiMdI meM bArahamAsA kI pravRtti, chaMda-vidhAna, aMtyAnuprAsa, alaMkAra-yojanA, prabandha-zilpa, paddhati-citraNa Adi vidhAyeM apabhraza kI dena haiM, na ki saMskRta kI. pro0 harTara ne jaina kathAMsAhitya ke nimna likhita rUpa nirdhArita kiye haiM. 1. dhArmika AlocanA meM kahAniyAM 2. dhArmika AkhyAna 3. carita-kAvya 4. paurANika kahAniyAM [rAma, kRSNa Adi | 5. prabaMdha kahAniyAM [sAdhu, sAdhviyoM kA jIvana-carita] 6. kathA-kAvya vastutaH carita-kAvya aura kathA-kAvya meM maulika bheda nahIM hai. carita-kAvya aura paurANika kAvya meM avazya thor3A bheda hai. apabhraMza caritakAvyoM ke antargata paumacariu, NAyakumAracariu, paumasirIcariu, jasaharacariu karakaMDucariu, riTThaNemi cariu aura bhavisayatta kahA Adi kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai. caritakAvyoM kI paramparA atyadhika prAcIna jJAta hotI hai. Age calakara isI paramparA meM rAmacaritamAnasa, rAmacaMdrikA, padmAvata prabandhakAvya race gaye. saMskRta meM avazya purANa-kAvyoM kI sarvAdhika prAcInatA kA patA lagatA hai. sambhava hai ki carita kAvya kI dhArA ke mUla rUpoM kA vikAsa purANoM se huA ho. purANakAvyoM meM alaukikatA aura vistAra ke sAtha hI avAntara AkhyAnoM kA bAhulya prApta hotA hai. isake viparIta carita kAvyoM meM laukikatA, mukhya kathApreraka ghaTanAyeM aura vastusaMyojanA saMkSipta hotI hai. purANa kAvyoM kI bhAMti inameM paurANika rUr3hiyoM aura dhArmika tattvoM kA ullekha bhI kama hotA hai. romAMTika caritakAvyoM meM to yaha tattva bahuta hI kama pAyA jAtA hai. kisI-kisI kAvya kI kathAvastu aitihAsika vyakti se bhI sambandha rakhatI hai. 'jAyasI kA padmAvata' isI prakAra kA kAvya mAnA jA sakatA hai. paumacariu---apabhraza ke Adya mahAkavi svayambhU kA yaha prasiddha kAvya hai. jaisA ki nAma se spaSTa hai yaha eka caritakAvya hai. isameM pAMca kANDa aura 60 saMdhiyAM haiM. pratyeka saMdhi meM 12 se lekara 14 taka kaDavaka haiM. isa racanA kA samaya AThavIM sadI kA madhya bhAga mAnA jAtA hai. isakI bhASA madhura, pravAhapUrNa aura lalita hai. bhASA para kavi kA jaisA adhikAra hai, anyatra virala hai. isa graMtha meM rAmAyaNa kI kathA varNita hai. prAkRta meM inake pUrva vimalasUri 'paumacariu' kAvya likha cuke the. saMskRta meM jinasena AcArya ne bhI 'AdipurANa' kI racanA kucha samaya pUrva hI kI thI. inhIM ko . KAHANUMMATERNETRIORA BESARENININESISENERERINNENININESESONENE Jain Education Intemational For Private Personal use only www.pinemarary.org
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________________ 806 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : caturtha adhyAya AdhAra mAnakara yaha caritakAvya racA gayA. isake varNana, saMvAda, dautyakarma, premoneka, yuddhavarNana, prakRti-citraNa, rasasaMyojanA, alaMkAra-yojanA Adi meM utkRSTa kAvya ke tattva vidyamAna haiM. caudahavIM saMdhi meM citrita jalakrIr3A aura vasanta varNana kAvya kI anUThI sampatti hai. saMdhi ke aMta meM likhA bhI hai-jala-krIr3A meM svayambhU ko, gograha-kathA meM caturmukha ko aura matsya-vedhana meM 'bhadra' ko Aja bhI kavi loga nahIM pA sakate. mahAkavi svayambhU ke putra tribhuvana kA yaha kathana akSaraza: satya pratIta hotA hai. samUcA varNana par3ha kara citta khila jAtA hai. kahA jAtA hai ki 'paumacariu' kI nabbe saMdhiyoM meM se aMtima ATha tribhuvana kI racanA kI haiM. parantu pulindabhaTTa kI bhAMti unakI racanA se kAvya-graMtha meM koI bheda nahIM lakSita hotA. riDaNemicariu--yaha bhI svayambhU kI racanA hai. isameM 112 saMdhiyA~ hai. isa graMtha kA pramANa 18000 zloka kahA jAtA hai. isameM bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi yA neminAtha kA carita tathA jaina-paramparAnusAra kRSNa aura pANDavoM kI kathA varNita hai. prasiddha hai ki isa kAvya kI ninyAnave saMdhi ke bAda kA aMza svayambhU ke putra tribhuvana kI racanA hai. isI viSaya ko lekara govinda, bhadra aura caturmukha ke apabhraza mahAkAvya praNayana kA ullekha milatA hai. ina sabhI racanAoM kA saMbaMdha harivaMzapurANa se hai. jaina zAstroM meM padmapurANa aura 'harivaMzapurANa' atyanta khyAtavRtta haiM, jinameM kramaza: rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI milatI-julatI kathA prApta hotI hai. harivaMzapurANa kA viSaya lekara likhI jAne vAlI racanAoM meM yazaHkIti kA 34 saMdhiyoM kA paurANika kAvya pANDupurANa kA ullekha milatA hai. isakA racanA-kAla 1523 I0 kahA gayA hai.' harivaMzapurANa ke AdhAra para racI gaI racanAyeM adhika haiM. dhavala kavi kA 'harivaMzapurANa' 112 sandhiyoM kA kAvya hai, jisakA racanA-kAla gyArahavIM sadI ke pUrva mAnA jAtA hai. raidhU (siMhasena) kA 'romiNAha cariu' 16 vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga kI racanA hai. isI prakAra zrutakIti kA 'harivaMza purANa' 1551 I0 kA kahA gayA hai. lakSmaNadeva kA 'romiNAha cariu' (saMvat 1510 se pUrva) cAra saMdhiyoM kA hai. haribhadra ke 'romiNAha cariu' kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai. isI prakAra amarakIrtigaNi ke 'romiNAha cariu' kA patA lagA hai. yazaHkIrti ke harivaMzapurANa kA patA lagatA hai jo 15 vIM sadI kI racanA hai. isa paraMparA meM abhI anya racanAoM kA patA lagAnA zeSa hai. kyoMki bhAratIya paramparA meM rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI kathAyeM atyanta lokapriya tathA vividha rUpoM meM varNita haiM. 'padmapurANa' ko AdhAra banAkara likhI jAne vAlI racanAoM meM kevala raidhU ke 'padmapurANa' kA ullekha milatA hai. NAyakumAracariu-apabhraza ke dUsare mahAkavi puSpadanta haiM. unakA NAyakumAracariu eka romAMTika kathAkAvya hai. isameM nAgakumAra ke jIvanacaritra kA varNana hai. isameM varNita ghaTanAyeM atiraMjita aura premodrekapUrNa haiM. kathA kA prArambha svAbhAvika vidhi se huA hai. bhASA sarala tathA pravAhapUrNa hai. par3hate hI rasa-dhArA bahane lagatI hai. romAMTika kathAkAvya kA yaha utkRSTa nidarzana hai. isakI racanA saMvat 1025 ke lagabhaga kahI jAtI hai. jasaharacariu--yaha racanA bhI puSpadanta kI hai. ise dhArmika kathAkAvya kahA jA sakatA hai. vastu-saMyojanA meM kasAvaTa hai. kathAnaka kA vikAsa nATakIya DhaMga se hotA hai- samUcA kathAnaka dhArmika, dArzanika uddezyoM se bharapUra hai. AdhyAtmika saMketa milane para bhI-romAMTika pravRtti jAgarUka hai. zailI uttama puruSa meM hone ke kAraNa racanA meM AtmIya bhAva adhika hai. prAyaH prabaMdhakAvya kI sabhI sAhityika rUr3hiyA~ isa kathAkAvya meM dRSTigocara hotI haiM. kavi ne apanI racanA ko / dharmakathAnibandha kahA hai. kula milAkara yaha kathAkAvya sundara hai. mahApurANa - mahAkavi puSpadanta kI yaha tIsarI tathA sarvotkRSTa racanA hai. isa bRhatkAya graMtha meM 63 mahApuruSoM ke jIvanacaritra kA varNana hai. isakA racanAkAla saM0 1016-1022 hai. isa mahApurANa meM 102 sandhiyA~ haiM. isakA pramANa 1. dekhie- 'bhAratI' patrikA akTUbara 27, 1657 meM DA0 harivallabha bhAyANo kA lekha 'svayambhUdeva', pR0 62. 2. nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA, varSa 50, aMka 3-4, saM0 2002, DA0 hIrAlAla jaina kA lekha 'apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya' pR0 116. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " iiiiiiiii.. Jain Education interational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ForPrivate &Personaruse only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . .
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________________ pro0 devendrakumAra jaina : apabhraMza jaina-sAhitya : 800 63000 zloka kahA jAtA hai. isakI kucha sandhiyoM meM 26 kaDavaka haiM. jaina zAstroM meM tresaTha zalAkApuruSoM kA jIvanacaritra likhane kI eka paramparA hI hai. zIlAcArya kA mahApuruSacarita prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai. isa mahApurANa kA AdhAra AcArya jinasena (saM0 783 ke lagabhaga) kRta AdipurANa hai. isI paramparA meM AcArya hemacandra viracita triSaSThizalAkApuruSa-caritra prApta hotA hai. sAhityika dRSTi se mahApurANa kA atyanta mahattva hai. isameM sthAna-sthAna para kavitvapUrNa varNana, madhura saMvAda aura gItoM kI sukomala lar3iyAM vyApta dikhAI detI haiM. mahAkavi ne ina gItoM ko 'dhavalagIta' kI saMjJA dI hai. apabhraMza sAhitya meM isa koTi kA anya koI graMtha nahIM hai. bhASA pUrNa sAhityika hai. svayambhU kI bhASA se puSpadanta kI bhASA adhika parimArjita, suSThu aura praur3ha hai. bhASA-sAhitya kI dRSTi se bhI yaha adhika mUlyavAn hai. isake varNana itane sundara haiM ki par3hate hI mugdha ho Ate haiM. upamAoM kI to kavi aisI jhar3I lagA detA hai ki eka se eka adhika sundara aura saTIka pratIta hotI hai, bhASA kI svAbhAvikatA aura-nisargasiddha varNana anupameya haiM. kahIM-kahIM ucca koTi ke sAhityika gIta bhI dRSTigata hote haiM. varNana atyanta sundara, sajIva aura saTIka hai. bhavisayattakahA--prasiddha kavi dhanapAla kI yaha eka mAtra racanA hai. isakA samaya dasavIM zatAbdI kahA jAtA hai. isake dUsare nAma bhavisayatakahA yA suyapaMcamIkahA (zrutapaMcamIkathA) haiM. isameM kArtika zuklA paMcamI (jJAnapaMcamI) ke phalavarNana svarUpa bhaviSyadatta kI kathA kA varNana hai. Adhunika yuga meM saMskRta prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke adhyayana, manana tathA anusaMdhAna ke samaya DA0 pizela ko (1886 ke lagabhaga) patA lagA ki apabhraMza bhASA kA bhI koI vyAkaraNa hai. unhoMne apabhraMza ke vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana kara 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' kA bhI sampAdana kiyA. parantu sAhitya kA patA lagAne para bhI jaba unheM kucha prApta nahIM huA taba apabhraMza ke sambandha meM unakI yaha mAnyatA bana gaI ki isa bhASA kA sambandha loka-jIvana se nahIM rahA, yaha rUr3ha sAhityika bhASA mAtra thI. parantu 1614 I0 mArca meM jarmana vidvAn pro0 haramana jekobI (Jacobi of Bonn Germany) ne bhArata-yAtrA kI aura bhramaNakAla meM ahamadAbAda meM kisI vaizya ke pAsa ukta racanA prApta kara harSa se pulakita ho uThe. svadeza lauTakara unhoMne bar3e manoyoga pUrvaka usakA saMpAdana kiyA aura apabhraMza bhASA kI mahattA pradarzita kI. isakA mahattva hai ki yaha apabhraza kA prathama prakAzita bRhatkAya graMtha hai. isameM bAIsa sandhiyAM haiM. DaoN0 jekobI ne haribhadra ke neminAthacarita se bhavisayatakahA kI bhASA kI tulanA kI hai. dhanapAla kI bhASA meM dezIpana aura lacaka hai. kavi ne isa kathA ko 'bihi khaMDahiM bAvIsahi sandhihi' (pR. 148) kahakara do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kahI hai. parantu DA0 harmana jekobI ise tIna bhAgoM meM mAnate haiM, jo ucita hI hai. apabhraMza kathA-kAvyoM meM bhavisayattakahA kA viziSTa sthAna hai. isameM vaNita bhaviSyadatta kI kahAnI karuNa aura yathArtha hai. ghaTanAoM aura pAtroM kA citraNa sahRdayatA ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai. ghaTanAoM meM kArya-kAraNa kI saMyojanA pUrI taraha se milatI hai. avAntara kathA meM bhI saMtulana hai. avAntara kathA mukhyakathA ko gatizIla banAne meM sahAyaka hai. isake sAtha hI ghaTanAyeM svAbhAvika aura premAnubhUti se atiraMjita haiM. sthAna-sthAna para unakA sUkSma vizleSaNa prApta hotA hai. samUce rUpa meM kathA svAbhAvika aura saMvedanIya hai. anubhUtiyoM kI gahanatA pUrI racanA meM vyApta hai. vaha mArmika bhI hai. isIlie rasAtmakatA se otaprota aura spRhaNIya hai. paumasirIcariu :-divyadRSTi kavi dhAhila kI yaha cAra saMdhiyoM kI akelI racanA upalabdha hai. isa caritakAvya kA racanAkAla 11 vIM sadI kA madhyabhAga kahA jA sakatA hai. isameM padmazrI kA jIvana-carita vaNita hai. isakI kathAvastu kA AdhAra pArivArika ghaTanAe~ haiM. do alaukika ghaTanAoM aura avAntara kathAoM se isakI vastu-yojanA banI hai. phira bhI kathAvastu svAbhAvika hai. isa para sAmAjika sthiti kI pUrI chApa hai. jIvana kI vyAvahArikatA mAno isa kAvya meM sajIva ho uThI hai. racanA kA uddezya kathA ke mAdhyama se dharma kI ora prerita karanA hai. karakaMDucariu :-muni kanakAmara kI yaha prasiddha racanA hai. mukhya rUpa se yaha romAMTika caritakAvya hai. isameM dasa * * * * * * * ** * * * * * . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. . . . . . . ..10 . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . --1nal- R . . . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . valebiry.ora Mained.
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________________ 808 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-prantha : caturtha adhyAya mananewww ww saMdhiyoM meM rAjA karakaMDu kI kathA hai. yaha jaina sAhitya kI prasiddha kathA kahI jAtI hai. isameM dharma aura prema sAtha hI dRSTigocara hotA hai. yuddha kA varNana bhI hai, para vaha nAma mAtra kA hai. varNana kI apekSA kathAoM kI yojanA svAbhAvika hai. isa kAvya meM itivRttAtmakatA ke sAtha saMgrahAtmakatA bhI hai. parantu itivRtAtmakatA kA nirvAha pUrNarUpa se nahIM ho pAyA. zrotA-vaktA zailI ko chor3akara paurANika kAvya kI zeSa rUDhiyoM kA pAlana huA hai. Age calakara mUlakathA kI gati meM avarodha dikhAI detA hai. isake saMvAda avazya uttama haiM. isa para kucha nATakIya prabhAva bhI lakSita hotA hai. jambUsvAmIcariu :-vIra kavi kI yaha kRti vi0 saM0 1076 kI kahI jAtI hai. isa caritakAvya meM aMtima kevalI jambU svAmo ke carita kA varNana hai. isakA ullekha DaoN0 harivaMza kochar3a ne apane prabandha 'apabhraza sAhitya' meM kiyA hai. aise anya bhI aprakAzita carita-kAvya haiM. sudaMsaNacariuH--yaha nayanandI kavikRta caritakAvya hai. isakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1100 kahA gayA hai. isameM sudarzana ke carita ke mAdhyama se paMcanamaskAra maMtra kA mAhAtmya vaNita hai. pAsacariu :--yaha padmakIti kI saphala kRti hai. isakA ullekha anyatra bhI milatA hai. isameM tevIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA jIvanacarita kahA gayA hai. kAvyakA racanA-kAla vi0 saMvat 1134 batAyA jAtA hai. bArahavIM zatAbdI ke aneka caritakAvyoM kA ullekha milatA hai. unameM se kucha isa prakAra haiM-devasenagaNi kA suloyaNAcariu. isameM bharata cakravartI ke pradhAna senApati jayakumAra kI dharmapatnI kA jIvana-carita vaNita hai. zrIdhara ke pAsaNAhacariu, sukumAla cariu aura bhavisayatacariu kA ullekha prApta hotA hai, jinameM kramaza: pArzvanAtha carita, sukumAla kA pUrva janma aura zrutapaMcamI kA mAhAtmya varNita hai. terahavIM sadI ke caritakAvyoM meM siMha kavi kA pajjuNNa cariu hai jisameM pradyumna kA jIvana-carita citrita hai. haribhadra kA sanatkumAracarita aura raidhU ke sukauzalacarita, meghezvara carita, zrIpAlacarita, sanmatinAthacarita haiM aura harideva kA mayaNaparAjayacariu caritakAvyoM meM gine jAte haiM. isa kAla meM racita kAvyoM kI eka lambI paraMparA hI dikhAI detI hai. Age calakara paMdrahavIM sadI meM dhanapAla ke bAhubalicarita aura lakhanadeva ke romiNAhacariu kA ullekha milatA hai. isa prakAra apabhraza jaina sAhitya meM caritakAvyoM kI viziSTa paraMparA hai. purANakAvyoM kI saMkhyA bhI kama nahIM hai. sthUla rUpa se donoM meM svarUpa aura lakSya kI dRSTi kA hI bheda hai, muktaka kAvya meM bhI yahI bAta hai. muktaka racanAkAroM meM joindu (yogIndra) kA sthAna zreSTha mAnA jAtA hai. isakI cAra racanAyeM haiM-paramAtmaprakAza, yogasAra, dohAprAbhRta aura zrAvaka-dharma-dohA. kavi kA samaya dasavIM zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai. isake atirikta jinadatta sUri kI carcarI, kAlasvarUpa kulaka, aura upadezarasAyana prasiddha racanAyeM haiM. inakA samaya bArahavIM sadI kahA jAtA hai. zAlibhadrasUri kA 'bhArata bAhubalI rAsa' terahavIM sadI ke rAsaka graMthoM meM sabase bar3I racanA kahI gaI hai. isameM bharata-bAhubalI ke yuddha kA vistRta varNana hai. racanA aneka baMdhoM meM likhI gaI hai. paravartI rAsagraMthoM meM isI taraha ke 'samarArAsa' 'kacThUlIrAsa' pethaDa rAsa Adi racanAyeM likhI gaI. phAgu graMtha bhI race gaye. zrI jinapadma sUrikA 'siri thUlibhadda phAgu' prasiddha racanA hai. isake varNana atyanta manohara haiM. zabda-vinyAsa bahuta hI uttama hai. dohoM meM AcArya hemacandra ke siddha hemazabdAnazAsana' meM zRgAra, vIra, nIti, anyokti tathA anya prakIrNaka dohe bhI upalabdha hote haiM. chaMdoM ke paricaya ke lie svayambhU kA 'svayambhUchaMda' prasiddha racanA hai. saMkSepa meM--apabhraza jaina sAhitya vipula aura vizada hai. isameM mahAkAvya, purANa, caritakAbya, kathAkAvya, gIta, upadeza, zRMgAra sabhI kucha prApta hotA hai. gadya avazya nahIM ke barAbara hai. aitihAsika dRSTi se bhAratIya sAhitya aura bhASA ke mUlyAMkana ke lie yaha sAhitya puraka hai. isa sAhitya ke vinA samUcA aitihAsika mUlyAMkana apUrNa hI rahegA. isa sAhitya meM bhAratIya jIvana kA pUrA citra apanI svAbhAvika dazA meM pratibimbita huA hai. isalie isakA mahattva aura bhI adhika bar3ha gayA hai. AzA hai ki bhaviSya meM anya zodha-kAryoM se isa sambandha meM vistRta jAnakArI prApta ho sakegI. Jain Education Intemational