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________________ aparigraha - eka vivecana - DaoN. kamala puMjANI 'parigraha' zabda saMskRta kI 'graha' dhAtu meM 'pari' upasarga joDane se banA hai| jisakA artha hotA hai cAroM aura se baToranA, aneka vastuoM kA saMgraha karanA, sameTanA ityAdi 'graha' dhAtu ke pahale vividha upasarga jor3ane se jo aneka zabda banate haiM, unakI sUcI sudIrgha aura sundara hai, kintu usI meM 'parigraha' zabda vizeSa carcita evaM cArutApUrNa hai| isameM niSedhavAcaka 'a' joDane se 'aparigraha' zabda banatA hai| aparigraha' dharmazAstro, vizeSata: jaina dharmazAstra kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai / 'manusmRti yAjJavalkya smRti Adi dharmazAstro meM dharma kA svarupa spaSTa karate samaya 'satya', 'ahiMsA' 'asteya' Adi lakSaNoM meM 'aparigraha' zabda kA prayoga huA ho yA nahIM parantu muni zrI santabAlajI ne 'satya, ahiMsA, corI na karavI, vaNa jotuM nava saMgharakhaM....' nAmaka apane eka gujarAtI gIta meM jina 11 mahAvratoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM 'aparigraha' ko avazya sthAna diyA hai| jaina-darzana meM 'aparigraha' zabda kA jahAM vyApaka rUpa meM prayoga huA hai, vahAM isake anya paramparita evaM sandarbhagata artha bhI pradarzita kiye gaye tadanusAra, 'parigaha' kA artha 'pANigrahaNa' ke atirikta 'dhanAdi padArtho kA vAsanAmUlaka saMgraha' bhI hotA hai| isa dRSTi se 'aparigraha' kA artha hogA patnI, putrAdi vyaktiyoM tathA dhana, daulata, vilAsa, vaibhavAdi vastuoM evaM vRttiyoM se mukta honA, pare honaa| yahAM dhyAtavya hai ki 'aparigraha' zabda, jaina darzana meM, kevala 'vyakti' yA 'vastu' ke tyAga hI sUcaka nahIM varan 'vRtti' se mukti kA dyotaka bhI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jainAgama ke anusAra, kAma, krodha, lobha, mada, moha Adi vRttiyAM bhI 'parigraha' kI zreNI meM AtI hai| isI kAraNa, jaba taka ina vRttiyoM se chuTakArA nahIM milatA, taba taka 'vAstavika aparigraha' kI sthiti yA tRpta asambhava hai| 'aparigraha' ke isa mahatva ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kucha jaina vidvAna ahiMsA se bhI use adhika mananIya tathA mahattvapUrNa mAnate hai / hindI - jagat meM kathA - sAhitya kI carcita patrikA 'kathAloka' ke sampAdaka zrI harSacandra dvArA Ayojita eka paricarcA (apraila, 1980) meM yuvAcArya mahAprajJa ne aparigraha' kI mahattA ina zabdoM meM prakaTa kI hai| "ahiMsA paramo dharma:" kA ghoSa jaina dharma kA mahAna ghoSa mAnA jAtA hai / isameM koI saccAI nahIM hai, yaha maiM kaise kahuM, para maiM isa saccAi ko ulaTa kara dekhatA hU~ 'aparigraha : paramo dharma:' yaha pahalI sacAI hai aura 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH yaha isake bAda hone vAlI sacAI hai / " apanI isa mAnyatA ko spaSTa karate hue AdAryajI likhate hai : "yaha sarvathA manovaijJAnika satya hai ki manuSya hiMsA ke lie kintu parigraha kI surakSA ke lie hiMsA karatA hai| jaise-jaise vaise-vaise ahiMsA kA vikAsa hotA hai|...." isase spaSTa hai ki aparigraha kA vrata ahiMsA - vrata se adhika uttama evaM upayogI hai| Atma-darzana aura AtmA ke janma maraNa ke bhaya ko naSTa karane kA puruSArtha hI sabase kaThina puruSArtha hai / For Private Personal Use Only - parigraha kA saMvaya nahIM karatA, aparigraha kA vikAsa hotA hai, 347
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________________ hindI ke prasiddha sAhityakAra tathA prasiddha jaina vidvAna zrI yazapAla jaina 'aparigraha ke sUkSma artha kI aura iMgita karate hue kahate hai : "sUkSma dRSTi se dekheM to kabhI-kabhI sAdhanahIna sAdhu parigrahI milate haiM aura sAdhanayukta zrAvaka aprigrhii| sAdhu meM apanI sAdhutA kA gumAna aura zrAvaka meM apanI sampadA kA abhimAna ho, to donoM hI parigrahI kI zreNI meM pahuMca jAte hai|" isa prakAra parigraha Asakti aura aparigraha anAsakti se sambaddha hai| aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki kyA saMpUrNa aparigraha sambhavita aura sarAhanIya hai? yadi hA, to kisake lie? kaise? ina praznoM kA uttara zrAvaka tathA sAdhu ke jIvanAdarza aura jIvanoddezya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI diyA jA sakatA hai| vastuta: zrAvaka ke lie parimita grahaNa tathA sAdhu ke lie pUrNa aparigraha abhISTa hai| zrAvaka ko apane parivAra tathA sAdhu samAja-donoM ke nirvA kA dAyitva vahana karanA par3atA hai| isalie aparigraha-vrata kA pUrNa pAlana unake lie asambhava hai, kintu vaha apanI AvazyakatAoM kA alpIkaraNa karate hue, santa kabIra kI bhAMti, itanA nivedana avazya kara sakatA hai : "sAMI, itanA dIjiye jA meM kuTumba smaay| maiM bhI bhUkhA na rahU~, sAdhu na bhUkhA jAya / / " icchAoM tathA AvazyakatAoM kA yaha alpIkaraNa zrAvaka ke lie aparigraha-vrata-tulya ho jaayegaa| zrAvaka yadi sAdhu-samAja ke bhautika yoga-kSema kA dAyitva vahana karatA hai to sAdhuoM ko sampUrNa zrAvaka-samAja ke 'Atmika unnayana' kA dAyitva vahana karanA par3atA hai| isake lie pahale unheM sukha-du:kha, rAga-dveSa, mAnApamAna Adi dvando se Upara uThanA par3atA hai| isa 'Atma-vikAsa' ke lie unheM aparigraha-vrata ke pUrNa pAlana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| aise aparigraha vrata dhArI sAdhu ke lie gItA (2/56) meM 'sthitaprajJa' kI saMjJA dete hue kahA gayA hai : "duHkheSvanudvignamanA: sukheSu vigtspRhH| vItarAga bhayakrodha : sthitdhiirmunirucyte||" upayukta vivecana se spaSTa hotA hai ki aparigraha eka mahAvrata hai| yaha ahiMsA se bhI adhika mahatvapUrNa hai kintu isakA pUrNa pAlana saMsAra-mukta vairAgiyoM se hI sambhava hai| jaina-darzana meM aparigraha kevala bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM ke tyAga taka hI sImita nahIM hai, kintu 'samasta icchAoM se mukti' (To have no desire is divine kA paryAya hai| 348 jo vastu uttamottama ho use hI jinendra pUjA meM rakhanA caahie|