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________________ anya darzanoM meM anekAntavAda ke tattva zrI suvrata muni zAstrI jaina darzana kA sarvAdhika viziSTa siddhAnta 'anekAntavAda' hai| 'anekAntavAda' zabda tIna zabdoM ke mela se banA huA saMyukta zabda hai| ve tIna zabda haiM --aneka+anta+vAda / 'anekAntavAda' zabda kA artha ina tInoM zabdoM ke anurUpa hI hai / aneka kA sIdhA-sA artha hai-- eka na hokara bahuta, anta kA artha hai --- dharma athavA guNa aura vAda kA artha yahAM para kathana hai| jaina darzana ke mantavya ke anusAra jagat kI pratyeka vastu ananta dharmoM kA puJja hai; asaMkhya guNoM kA samUha hai| isIlie usa siddhAnta ko anekAntavAda kahA jAtA hai, jisameM vastu ke kisI eka dharma kA nahIM, apitu vastugata samasta dharmoM kA samAdara kiyA jAtA hai| eka manISI AcArya ne anekAntavAda kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai anantadharmAtmakaM vastu / tattva kyA hai ? isake uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki--- anantadharmAtmakameva tattvam / vastu apane Apa meM ananta hai, para usake samagra rUpa ko kabhI eka sAtha vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 'anekAntavAda' vastutaH 'vAda' arthAt vivAda nahIM hai, vaha to eka prakAra kA saMvAda hai / ataH anekAnta ke sAtha pracalita artha meM 'vAda' na lagAkara dRSTi' lagAnA hI adhika upayukta hai| anekAnta-dRSTi, vaha dRSTi hai jisameM kisI eka hI dharma aura guNa ko nahIM pakar3A jAtA, balki eka ko pradhAnatA dI jAtI hai| jaba eka ko pradhAnatA dI jAtI hai to yaha svAbhAvika hai ki zeSa ko gauNatA prApta ho jAtI hai| gauNa-pradhAna-bhAva se vastu kA kathana karanA yahI anekAnta-dRSTi athavA anekAntavAda kahA jAtA hai| jaisA ki pahale batAyA gayA hai-'vAda' kA artha hai- kathana krnaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo kucha kahA thA vaha unake kahane se anekAntamaya nahIM huA, lekina padArthoM kI jaisI sthiti thI, vaisA hI unakA kathana thaa| yathArtha kA jJAtA evaM draSTA hI yathArtha-bhASI hotA hai; anyathA-bhASI nhiiN| anekAnta-dRSTi athavA anekAntavAda, kyA jaina paramparA kA hI ekamAtra siddhAnta hai ? kyA vaidika paramparA meM aura bauddha paramparA meM isa prakAra ke vicAra upalabdha nahIM haiM ? nizcaya hI vahAM para bhI isa prakAra ke vicAra upalabdha hote haiN| vaidika-paramparA kA Adi-grantha 'Rgveda' mAnA jAtA hai, balki vizva kI samasta pustakoM meM use prathama pustaka mAnA jAe to bhI anucita nahIM hogaa| Rgveda meM isa prakAra ke vicAroM ke sUkSma bIja yatra-tatra bikhare hue upalabdha hote hai| Rgveda meM eka sthAna para kahA hai-ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti / satya eka hI hai, kintu vidvAn loga usakA kathana aneka prakAra se karate haiN| muNDakopaniSad meM eka ziSya ne guru se prazna kiyA, "vaha kauna-sI vastu hai, jisake jJAna se vastumAtra kA jJAna ho jAtA hai"| isake uttara meM guru ne kahA thA--ekena mRtpiNDena vijJAtena maNmeyaM vijJAtaM syAt miTTI ke eka Dhele ko jAna lene para sArI miTTI kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra kA prazna chAndogyopaniSad meM pUchA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha jJAta hotA hai ki upaniSad kAla ke RSiyoM ne bhI isa anekAnta para avazyameva vicAra kiyA hogaa| bauddha-paramparA meM anekAntavAda aura anekAnta-dRSTi jaise zabdoM kA prayoga to nahIM hai| hAM, jaina-paramparA ke syAdvAda se milatAjulatA eka zabda bauddha-paramparA ke sAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai-'vibhjyvaad'| vibhajyavAda kA prayoga suprasiddha jaina aGga-sUtra 'sUyagaDa' meM bhI kiyA gayA hai.--vibhajyavAyaM ca viyaagrejjaa|| vibhajyavAda kA sAmAnya artha hai--vibhAga karake kathana krnaa| buddha jaba kisI bhI tattva kA pratipAdana karate haiM, taba ve sApekSatAvAda ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI kathana karate the| bauddha paramparA kA madhyama mArga eka prakAra se jaina paramparA ke syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda kA hI eka pratIka hai| jaina darzana jisa prakAra jagat ko sat evaM asat kahatA hai, usI prakAra mAdhyamika bauddha bhI kahatA hai| asti aura nAsti ye donoM anta haiM; zuddhi aura azuddhi ye donoM bhI anta haiN| tattvajJAnI ina donoM antoM ko tyAgakara madhya meM sthita hotA hai| samAdhirAja-sUtra meM kahA gayA hai astIti nAstIti ubhe'pi antA : ___zuddhi-azuddhi ime'pi antAH / tasmAd ubhe anta vivarjayitvA, madhye hi sthAnaM prakaroti paNDitaH / / AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ isa prakAra bauddha-paramparA ko bhI anekAntavAda, kisI na kisI rUpa meM abhimata rahA hai| yUnAna deza ke mahAn vicAraka evaM dArzanika sukarAta, aphalAtUM aura arastU ne bhI apane vicAroM ke pratipAdana meM jJAtabhAva athavA ajJAtabhAva se anekAnta kA kathana kiyA hI hai| sukarAta ko apane jJAna kI apUrNatA kA, usakI alpatA kA pUrA parijJAna thaa| isa maryAdA ke bhAna ko hI usane jJAna athavA buddhimattA kahA hai / vaha kahA karatA thA ki.... "maiM jJAnI hUM kyoMki maiM jAnatA hUM ki maiM ajJa huuN| dUsare loga jJAnI nahIM haiN| kyoMki ve yaha nahIM jAnate haiM ki ve ajJa haiN"| sukarAta ke isa kathana se yaha siddha hotA hai ki usakA kathana anekAntavAda ke anurUpa hai| sukarAta ke ziSya pleTo ne kahA thA ki hama loga sAgara ke kinAre khelane vAle una baccoM ke samAna haiM jo apanI sIpiyoM se sAgara ke athAha jala ko nApanA cAhate haiM / satya yaha hai ki hama sIpiyoM meM pAnI bhara-bharakara kabhI use khAlI nahIM kara sakate / phira bhI apanI choTI-choTI sIpiyoM meM jo pAnI ikaTThA karanA cAhate haiM, vaha usa mahAsAgara kA hI eka aMza hai, isameM kisI prakAra kA saMzaya nahIM raha jAtA / aphalAtUM kA yaha kathana syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda ke atyanta nikaTa hai| arastU kahA karatA thA ki eka ora atyAcAra hai ora dUsarI aura anAcAra hai| una donoM ke bIca meM jo kucha hai vahI sadAcAra hai| kyoMki atyAcAra aura anAcAra donoM pAparUpa haiN| dharma to ekamAtra sadAcAra hai, jo donoM ke madhya sthita hai, jo madhya meM sthita hotA hai vahI vastutaH dharma hotA hai / arastU ke isa kathana meM anekAnta spaSTa hI parilakSita hotA hai| bhale hI usakA kathana anekAntavAda athavA syAdvAda zabdoM meM na kiyA gayA ho| jarmanI kA mahAn dArzanika 'higela' apane yuga kA eka mahAn vicAraka thA aura samanvayavAdI vicAraka thA / darzanazAstra meM isake yuga se pUrva jo kucha likhA gayA thA aura svayaM usake yuga ke anya dArzanikoM ne jo kahA thA, usameM jahAM-jahAM visaMgati raha gaI thI, higela ne apanI sampUrNa zakti usakI saMgati aura samanvaya meM lagA dI thii| unakA kathana sApekSatA ko lekara hotA thaa| vartamAna yuga meM bhArata meM samanvayavAdI vicAradhArA ko Age bar3hAne meM svAmI vivekAnanda jI ne mahatvapUrNa kArya kiyA thaa| bhAratIya darzanoM meM svAmI jI ne jo eka nikaTa kA samanvaya dekhA thA, usI kA pratipAdana unhoMne yUropa meM jAkara kiyA thaa| isa prakAra svAmI vivekAnanda jI ne vahI kArya kiyA jo kArya paramparA se jaina-AcArya karate A rahe the| isa prakAra dekhA jAtA hai ki anekAntavAda sarvatra vyApta hai| use anekAntavAda athavA syAdvAda ina zabdoM se abhihita kiyA jAe athavA na kiyA jAe, para bhArata ke samagra darzanoM meM aura pAzcAtya darzanoM meM bhI yatra-tatra kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM use svIkAra kiyA hI gayA hai / satya se kabhI inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaina paramparA ke dArzanikoM meM anekAntavAda kA pratipAdana tArkika zailI se prastuta karane vAle AcArya siddhasena divAkara rahe haiN| unhoMne apane 'sanmatisUtra' nAmaka grantha meM anekAnta-dRSTi para vyApaka rUpa se vicAra kiyA hai| AcArya samantabhadra jI ne apane 'AptamImAMsA' grantha meM syAdvAda kA pratipAdana tAkika zailI meM kiyA hai| vaise to jaina-paramparA ke pratyeka dArzanika ne kama yA adhika rUpa meM anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda ke sambandha meM kucha na kucha likhA hI hai kintu ukta donoM AcAryoM ne to apanI sampUrNa zakti anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda ke sthApana meM hI lagA dI thii| kucha vidvAn anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda ko eka-dUsare kA paryAyavAcI samajha lete haiN| parantu yaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki anekAnta eka vastuparaka dRSTi hai, eka vastu sambandhI vicAra hai, vastu ke sambandha meM socane kI eka paddhati hai| syAdvAda kA artha hai-vastu kA vibhinna guNa-karmoM kI apekSA vizeSa se kathana krnaa| anekAnta dRSTi ko jisa bhASA aura jisa paddhati se abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai| vAstava meM use hI syAdvAda kahA jAtA hai| prAcIna yuga meM bhAratIya darzanoM meM aneka vAda-vivAda, pradivAda dRSTigocara hote haiN| jahAM vAda hotA hai vahAM prativAda avazya hI hogA aura jahAM prativAda hotA hai vahAM saMgharSa avazya hogA hii| isa sthiti meM saMgharSa ko TAlane ke lie athavA vAda-vivAda kI kaTutA ko miTAne ke lie kisI aise siddhAnta kI AvazyakatA thI, jo unameM samanvaya sthApita kara ske| usa yuga kI isa mAMga ko anekAntavAda ne pUrA kiyA thaa| yadyapi anekAnta kA khaNDana jaina-paramparA ko chor3akara anya sabhI paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne kiyA thA, tathApi use kisI na kisI rUpa meM svIkAra bhI avazya kiyA gyaa| jaise vedAnta-darzana ekAnta-nityavAdI darzana rahA hai aura bauddha-darzana ekAnta-kSaNikavAdI darzana rahA hai| sat kyA hai ? isake uttara meM vedAnta kahatA hai ki vaha eka hai aura nitya hai / bauddha-darzana kahatA hai-sat aneka haiM aura ve saba kSaNika haiN| isa prakAra bhArata meM donoM prasiddha dArzanika-pakSa eka-dUsare ke virodha meM khar3e the| yaha kahanA hogA ki sAMkhya ne satya ko ekAnta nitya aura ekAnta anitya na mAnakara pariNAmI-nitya kahA thaa| isakA artha yaha hai ki pariNAmavAda ne kucha sImA taka usa kaTutA ko dUra karane kA prayatna avazya kiyA thA, parantu pUrNataH nahIM / kyoMki sAMkhya ne apane abhimata paccIsa tatvoM meM se eka puruSa ko kaTastha nitya mAnA hai| usane ekamAtra prakRti ko hI pariNAmI mAnA hai| cetana ko parimANI nahIM maanaa| samasyA kA samAdhAna hokara bhI nahIM ho skaa| vAda-prativAda kI paramparA kA krama calatA rahA, usakA anta na huaa| jaina darzana mImAMsA 27
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________________ anekAnta-dRSTi meM aura syAdvAda meM samagravAda evaM prativAda dUra ho jAtA hai| anekAntavAda kI vyavasthA hI isa prakAra kI hai ki usameM kisI bhI prakAra ke vAda-vivAda ko sthAna rahatA hI nhiiN| jaina-dArzanikoM se yaha pUchA gayA ki Apake yahAM satya anitya hai athavA nitya / taba unhoMne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA-nitya bhI aura anitya bhI / kaise aura kyoM ? isa dArzanika sanAtana prazna kA samAdhAna unhoMne do dRSTiyoM se kiyA-dravya-dRSTi se aura paryAya-dRSTi se / / dravya-dRSTi se jagat kI pratyeka vastu nitya hai aura paryAya-dRSTi se vizva kI pratyeka vastu anitya hai / jaina-dArzanikoM ne kahA sat bhI satya hai aura asat bhI satya hai| donoM meM dRSTi kA bheda hai| donoM meM dRSTi kA antara hai| kyA ghara meM rahane vAlA eka vyakti apane pitA kI apekSA putra aura apane putra kI apekSA pitA nahIM ho sakatA ? pitRtva aura putratva meM virodha pratIta hone para bhI virodha nahIM hai, kyoMki dRSTi bhinna-bhinna hai| taba phira jagat kI eka hI vastu nitya bhI aura anitya bhI kyoM nahIM ho sakatI? usameM bhI kisI prakAra kA virodha dRSTigocara nahIM hotA, kyoMki donoM kI apekSA bhinna-bhinna hai / jagat ke pratyeka padArtha meM jo parivartana parilakSita hotA hai, vaha paryAya kI apekSA se hai| usakI sattA kA kabhI lopa nahIM hotA-yaha dravya kI apekSA se ucita hai / kyA eka hI vyakti bAlaka, taruNa aura vRddha nahIM ho sktaa| phira bhI yaha satya hai ki tInoM avasthAoM meM parivartana AtA hai ise jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sktaa| yaha bhI satya hai ki tInoM avasthAoM meM vyakti eka hI hai, bhinna nhiiN| jaina-darzana kI yahI anekAnta-dRSTi hai aura yahI anekAnta-tatva yA vAda hai| O 'nAsadAsInna sadAsIttadAnIm / ', Rgveda, 10/126/1 'yadyapi sadasadAtmaka pratyeka vilakSaNaM bhavati tathApi bhAvAbhAvayoH sahavasthAnamapi saMbhavati / ', uparyukta para sAyaNa-bhASya 'tadejati tannejati tadre tdntike|' IzopaniSat, 5 'aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn / ' kaThopaniSat, 2/20 'sadasaccAmRtaM ca yat / ' praznopaniSat, 2/5 'astIti kAzyapo ayaM eko'ntaH nAstIti kAzyapo ayaM eko'ntaH yadanayordvayoH antayormadhyaM tadarUpyaM anidarzanaM apratiSThaM anAbhAsaM aniketaM avijJaptikaM yamucyate kAzyapaH madhyamapratipadadharmANAM / ', kAzyapaparivartana, mahAyAna 0 virodhastAvadekAntAdvaktumatra na yujyte|', mImAMsAzlokavAttika ..."tasmAt pramANabalena bhinnAbhinnatvameva yuktam / nanu viruddhau bhedAbhedau kathamekatra syAtAm / na virodhaH, saha darzanAt / yadi hi 'idaM rajatam, nedaM rajatam' itivat parosparopamanabhedAbhedau pratIyeyAtAm tato viruddhayeyAtAm na tu tayoH parosparopamardaina pratItiH / iyaM gauriti buddhidvayam aparyAyeNa pratibhAsamAnamekaM vastudvayAtmaka vyavasthApayati samAnAdhikaraNyaM hi abhedamApAdayati aparyAyatvaM ca bhedam, ataH pratIti balAdavirodhaH / apekSAbhedAcca,... evaM dharmiNo dravyasya rasAdidharmAntararUpeNa rUpAdibhyo bhedaH dravyarUpeNa cAbhedaH...', zAstradIpikA icchan pradhAnaM satvA_viruddha gumphitaM gunnaiH| sAMkhyaH saMkhyAvatAM mukhyo nAnekAntaM pratikSipet / / citramekamanekaM ca rUpaM prAmANikaM vadan / yaugo vaizeSiko vA'pi nAnekAntaM pratikSipet // pratyakSaM bhinnamAtraMze meyAMzo tadvilakSaNam / gurujJani vadannekaM nAnekAntaM pratikSipet / / jAtivyaktyAtmaka vastu vadannanubhavocim / bhaTro vApi murArirvA nAnekAntaM pratikSipet // abaddha paramArthena baddhaM ca vyvhaartH| buvANo brahmavedAntI nAnekAntaM pratikSipet // bruvANA bhinnaabhinnaarthaannybhedvypekssyaa| pratikSipeyu! vedAH syAdvAdaM sArvatAMtrikam / / ', adhyAtmasAra, 45-51 -sampAdaka 28 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya