Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAntavAda aura sarvodayavAda DaoN0 bhAgacandra jaina anekAntavAda satya aura ahiMsA kI bhUmikA para pratiSThita tIrthakara mahAvIra kA sArvabhaumika siddhAnta hai jo sarvadharma samabhAva ke cintana se anuprANita hai| usameM lokahita aura lokasaMgraha kI bhAvanA gabhita hai| dhArmika, rAjanItika sAmAjika aura Arthika viSamatAoM ko dUra karane kA amogha astra hai / samanvayavAditA ke AdhAra para sarvathA ekAntavAdiyoM ko eka pleTa-phArma para sasammAna baiThAne kA upakrama hai| dUsare ke dRSTikoNa kA anAdara karanA aura usake astitva ko asvIkAra karanA hI saMgharSa kA mUla kAraNa hotA hai| saMsAra meM jitane bhI yuddha hue haiM unake pIche yahI kAraNa rahA hai / ataH saMgharSa ko dUra karane kA upAya yahI hai ki hama pratyeka vyakti aura rASTra ke vicAroM para udAratA aura niSpakSatA pUrvaka vicAra kreN| usase hamArA dRSTikoNa durAgrahI athavA ekAMgI nahIM hogaa| sarvodayavAda Adhunika kAla meM gAMdhIyuga kA pradeya mAnA jAtA hai| gAMdhI jI ne razkina kI pustaka "ana TU dI lAsTa" kA anuvAda "sarvodayavAda" zIrSaka se kiyA aura tabhI se usakI lokapriyatA meM bAr3ha aayii| yahAM sarvodayavAda kA tAtparya hai--pratyeka vyakti ko laukika jIvana ke vikAsa ke lie samAna avasara pradAna kiyA jaanaa| isameM puruSArtha kA mahattva tathA sabhI ke sAtha svayaM ke utkarSa kA saMbaMdha bhI jur3A huA hai| gAMdhI jI ke isa siddhAnta ko vinobA jI ne kucha aura viziSTa prakriyA dekara kArya kSetra meM utAra diyaa| sarvodayavAda vastutaH Adhunika cetanA kI dena nhiiN| use yathArtha meM mahAvIra ne prastuta kiyA thaa| unhoMne sAmAjika kSetra kI viSamatA ko dekhakara krAnti ke tIna sUtra diye---1. samatA 2. zamatA aura 3. zramatA / samatA kA tAtparya hai sabhI vyakti samAna haiM / janma se na to koI brAhmaNa hai, na kSatriya, na vaizya hai, na zUdra hai / manuSya to jAti nAmakarma ke udaya se eka hI hai| AjIvikA aura karma ke bheda se avazya use cAra vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai : manusyajAtirekaiva jAtikarmodayodbhavA / vRttibhedAhitAd bhedAccAturvidhyamihAznute ||--jinsenaacaary, AdipurANa zamatA karmoM ke samUla vinAza se sambaddha hai| isa avasthA ko nirvANa kahA jAtA hai aura zramatA se matalaba hai vyakti kA vikAsa usake svayaM ke puruSArtha para nirbhara karatA hai, Izvara Adi kI kRpA para nahIM / ye tInoM sUtra vyakti ke utthAna ke mUla sambala haiN| inakA mUlyAMkana karate hue hI anekAntavAda-syAdvAda ke pratiSThApaka AcArya samantabhadra ne tIrthakara mahAvIra kI stuti karate hue yuktyanuzAsana meM unake tIrtha ko sarvodayatIrtha kahA hai : sarvAntavattadguNamukhyakalpa sarvAntazUnya ca miyo'napekSyam / sarvApadAmantakaraM nirantaM sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM tavaiva // prAcIna kAla se hI samAjazAstrIya aura azAstrIya visaMvAdoM meM jUjhatA rahA hai, buddhi aura tarka ke AkramaNoM ko sahatA rahA hai, AsthA aura jJAna ke thaper3oM ko jhelatA rahA hai| taba kahIM eka lambe samaya ke bAda use yaha anubhava huA ki ina bauddhika viSamatAoM ke tIkhe prahAroM se niSpakSa aura nirvaira hokara mukta huA jA sakatA hai, zAnti kI pAvana dhArA meM saMgItamaya gote lagAye jA sakate haiM aura vAdoM ke viSaile ghere ko miTAyA jA sakatA hai| isI tathya aura anubhUti ne anekAntavAda ko janma diyA aura isI ne sarvodayavAda kI saMracanA kii| vaiyaktika aura sAmudAyika cetanA zAnti kI prApti ke lie sadaiva se jI tor3a prayatna karatI A rahI hai, yaha eka aitihAsika tathya jaina tattva cintana : Adhunika saMdarbha 26
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hai / para zAnti vastutaH bAhara se khojane kI vastu nhiiN| vaha to Antarika samatA, sahayoga, saMyama aura samanvaya se udbhUta AnubhUtika tathya hai jo samAja ke pAramparika vyavahAra ko nirmala spaSTa aura premamaya banA detA hai| mAyA, chala, kapaTa aura pravacanA meM palI- pusI jindagI arthahIna hotI hai| dAnavatA ke krUra zikaMjoM meM dabe hue AdarzoM ke kaMgUre usa jindagI se kaTa jAte haiM / yuddhoM aura AkramaNoM kI bhASAyeM sajIva ho uThatI hai| mAnasika zAnti aura santulana ke taToM meM bahatI Atmika zAnti kA sarita pravAha apane taToM se nirmukta hokara bahane ke lie uchalane lagatA hai| eka nayA unmAda mAnavatA ke zAnta aura sthira kadamoM meM AghAtI jhaMjhAvAta paThela detA hai| aisI sthiti meM zAnti kA mArga draSTA samanvaya cetanA kI ora paga bar3hAtA hai aura apanI samatAmayI vicAra dhArA se azAnta vAtAvaraNa ko prazAnta karane kA prayatna karatA hai / mAnavIya ekatA, saha-astitva, samAnatA aura sarvodayatA dharma ke sabhI aMga haiN| tathAkathita dhArmika vidvavAn aura AcArya ina aMgoM ko tor3a-maror3akara svArthavaza vargabheda aura varNabheda jaisI vicitra dhAraNAoM kI viSailI Aga ko paidA kara dete haiM jisameM samAja kI bher3iyA dhasAna vAlI vRtti vaicArika dharAtala se asaMbaddha hokara kUda par3atI hai| usake sAre samIkaraNa jhulasa jAte haiN| dRSTi meM hiMsaka vyavahAra apane pUre zaktizAlI svara meM gUMjane lagatA hai, zoSaNa kI manovRtti sahAnubhUti aura sAmAjikatA kI bhAvanA ko kuMThita kara detI hai| vaiyaktika aura sAmUhika zAnti kA astitva khatare meM par3a jAtA hai / isa durvasthA kI sArI jimmedArI ekAntavAdI cintakoM ke sabala hiMsaka kaMdhoM para hai jisane samAja ko eka bhaTakAva diyA hai, azAnti kA eka AkAra prAkAra khar3A kiyA hai aura par3ausI ko par3ausI jaisA rahane meM saMkoca vitRSNA aura maryAdAhIna bhare vyavahAroM kI lauhika dIvAla ko gar3ha diyA hai| anekAntavAda aura sarvodayavAda ina sabhI prakAra kI viSamatAoM se ApAdabhagna samAja ko eka naI dizA dAna detA hai| usakI kaTI pataMga ko kisI taraha samhAlakara usameM anuzAsana tathA suvyavasthA kI suspaSTa, majabUta aura sAmudAyika cetanA se sanI Dora lagA detA hai / AsthA aura jJAna kI vyavasthA meM nayA prANa phUMka detA hai taba saMgharSa ke svara badala jAte haiM / samanvaya kI manovRtti, samatA kI pratidhvani, satyAnveSaNa kI cetanA gatizIla ho jAtI hai| apane zAstrIya vyAmoha se mukta hone ke lie apane vaiyaktika eka pakSIya vicAroM kI AhUti dene ke lie aura niSpakSatA, nirvairatA, nirbhayatA kI cetanA ke stara para mAnavatA ko dhUla dhUsarita hone se bacAne ke lie / 1 padArtha hai ananta aura asImita guNa - paryAyoM kA puMja aura saMsArI hai sAnta aura sImita buddhi sampanna / donoM ke guNoM meM pUrva pazcima kA antara hai| donoM ke saMdarbha eka hote hue bhI ananta haiN| para viDambanA yaha hai ki sImita asImita ko apanI bAhoM meM sameTa lenA cAhatA hai apane thothe jJAna aura bala ke AdhAra para, pAkSika bhAvanA aura tarka ke vaza hokara vaha AMkheM mUMda letA hai vaijJAnika tathya se aura iMkAra kara detA hai sArvajanIna upayogitA ko / basa yahIM akSara-akSara lar3ane bhir3ane lagate haiM / aura tathya anAvRtta hokara supta ho jAte haiM / naI AsthAyeM purAnI AsthAoM se TakarAne lagatI haiN| paribhASAyeM badalane lagatI haiN| phalataH svayaM kI khoja kosoM dUra hokara sisakane lagatI hai, jIvana kA lakSya kucha aura ho jAtA hai| jIvana-jIvana nahIM rhtaa| vaha bhAra bana jAtA hai| anaitikatA ke sAye meM / isa prakAra kI ajJAnatA aura anaitikatA ke astitva ko miTAne tathA zuddha jJAna aura cAritra kA AcaraNa karane kI dRSTi se anekAntavAda aura sarvodayavAda eka amogha sUtra haiM / samatA kI bhUmi para pratiSThita hokara AtmadarzI honA isake lie Avazyaka hai / samatA mAnavatA kI sahI paribhASA hai / samanvaya vRtti usakA hara akSara hai, nirmalatA aura nirbhayatA usakA phula sTApa hai, nirAgrahI vRtti aura asAmpradAyikatA usakA pairAgrApha hai / anaikAntika aura sarvodaya cintana kI dizA meM Age bar3hane vAlA samAja pUrNa ahiMsaka aura AdhyAtmika hogaa| sabhI ke utkarSa meM sahAyaka hogaa| usake sAdhana aura sAdhya pavitra hoNge| tarka zuSkatA se haTakakara vAstavikatA kI ora bar3hegA / hRdaya parivartana ke mAdhyama se sarvodaya kI sImA ko chuegaa| cetanA, vyApAra ke sAdhana indriyAM aura mana saMyamita hoNge| satya kI prAmANikatA asandigdha hotI calI jAyegI / sApekSita cintana vyavahAra ke mAdhyama se nizcaya taka kramazaH bar3hatA calA jAyegA / sthUlatA se sUkSmatA kI ora, bahiraMga se aMtaraMga kI ora, sAMvyAvahArika se pAramArthika kI ora, aindriyaka jJAna se Atmika jJAna kI ora / zabda vastu kA pratinidhitva nahIM krte| ve to hamArI anubhUti ko vyakta karate haiN| anubhUti kI paridhi bhI sasIma aura vividha hotI hai isalie unakI kamika abhivyakti hotI hai| vastu ke ananta guNa paryAyoM kI yaha kramika "syAt" yA "kavit" zabda ke mAdhyama se kI jAtI hai / satya ko khaNDazaH jAnane kA yaha pramukha sAdhana hai / vItarAgI hone para yahI satya akhaNDa aura yugapat avasthita va bhASita ho jAtA hai / hama yaha anubhava karate haiM ki kabhI-kabhI zabda kucha aura aura usakA artha kucha aura ho jAtA hai| vAstavika artha mUlArtha se haTakara sandarbha ko bhI chor3a detA hai / yahI sAmAjika aura vaiyaktika saMgharSa kA utsa hai| abhivyakti kA mUla sAdhana bhASA to hai hI para apanI anubhUti ko adhika se adhika pUrNatA aura vivAdahInatA ke sAtha abhivyakta kiyA jA sake, yaha AvazyakatA uTha khar3I ho jAtI hai / mahAvIra ne isI samasyA ko saMgharSa ke utsa ko vibhajjayavAyaM ca viyAgarejjA kaha kara vibhajyavAda athavA sApekSavAda kI bAta kaha dI / AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha 30
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sApekSika kathana dUsaroM ke dRSTikoNa ko samAna rUpa se Adara detA hai| khule mastiSka se pArasparika vicAroM kA AdAna-pradAna karatA hai| pratipAdya kI yathArthavattA pratibaddhatA se mukta hokara sAmane A jAtI hai| vaicArika hisA se vyakti dUra ho jAtA hai| astinAsti ke vivAda se mukta hokara nayoM ke mAdhyama se pratinidhi zabda samAja aura vyakti ko prema pUrvaka eka pleTa phArma para baiThA dete haiM / cintana aura bhASA ke kSetra meM na yA siyAvAya viyAgarejjA kA upadeza samAja aura vyakti ke ardvandvoM ko samApta kara detA hai, sabhI ko pUrNa nyAya dekara sarala, spaSTa aura nivivAda abhivyakti kA mArga prazasta kara detA hai / AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne udadhAviva samudIrNAstvayivayi nAtha ! dRSTaya : kahakara isI tathya ko apanI bhagavad stuti meM prastuta kiyA hai| haribhadra kI bhI samanvayAtmaka sAdhanA isa saMdarbha meM smaraNIya hai bhavavIjAMkurajananA, rAgAdyA : kSapamupAgatA yatya / brahma vA viSNurvA, haro jino vA namastasyai // saMgharSa kA kSetra darzana hI nahIM, vyavahAra bhI hotA hai| donoM pakSoM meM samanvaya---sAdhanA kI apekSA hotI hai sAmAjika sAdhanA ke lie, viSamatA ko dUra karane ke lie| lokeSaNA ke kAraNa dharma kA saMyama kiMvA AcAra pakSa gauNa huA tathA upAsanA pakSa prabala hotA gyaa| upAsanA meM pAralaukika vividha AzvAsanoM kA bhaNDAra rahatA hI hai puruSArtha kI bhI utanI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| isI krama meM dhArmika cetanA kama hotI calI jAtI hai, upAsanA tatva bar3hatA calA jAtA hai, aura hama mUla ko chor3akara anyatra bhaTaka jAte haiN| kadAcita yahI sthiti dekhakara somadeva ne samanvaya kI bhASA meM gRhastha ke lie do dharmoM kI bAta kaha dI-laukika dharma aura pAralaukika dharma laukika dharma lokAzrita hai aura pAralaukika dharma AgamAzrita hai| vyavahAra kI bhASA kiMvA anubhUti kI zAstrIya bhASA kA jAmA pahanAkara samAja ko eka Antarika saMgharSa se bacA liyA somadeva ne| yaha unakI samanvaya sAdhanA thii| isI sAdhanA ke bala para sAdhaka samatva kI sAdhanA karatA hai cAhe vaha sAmAjika kSetra ho yA rAjanItika, anekAnta ke anusAra sarvathA virodha kisI bhI kSetra meM hotA nhiiN| isalie virodha meM bhI avirodha kA srota upalabdha ho jAtA hai| maiM saptabhaMgiyoM ko cintana ke kSetra meM par3Ava mAnakara calatA huuN| ve samanvaya kI vibhinna dizAyeM haiM sarvodaya kI mUla bhAvanA se unakA jur3Ava baMdhA huA hai| anekAntavAda aura sarvodayavAda samAja ke lie vastuta: eka saMjIvanI hai| vartamAna saMgharSa ke yuga meM apane Apako sabhI ke sAtha milane-julane kA eka amogha anudAna hai| pragati kA nayA eka sAdhana hai| pArivArika vidveSa ko zAnta karane kA eka anupama cintana hai, ahiMsA aura satya kI pratiSThA kA kendra bindu hai| mAnavatA kI sthApanA meM nIMva kA patthara hai / pArasparika samajha aura saha-astitva ke kSetra meM eka sabala laiMpa-poSTa hai| inakI upekSA vidveSa aura kaTutA kA AvAhana hai / saMgharSoM kI kathAoM kA plATa hai / vinAza usakA klAimeksa hai vicAroM aura dRSTiyoM kI TakarAhaTa tathA vyakti-vyakti ke bIca khar3A huA eka lambA gepa vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika saMgharSoM kI sImA ko lAMghakara rASTra aura vizva-stara taka pahuMca jAtA hai| hara saMgharSa kA janma vicAroM kA matabheda aura usakI pArasparika avamAnanA se hotA hai / buddhivAda usakA kendra bindu hai|| anekAntavAda buddhivAdI hone kA Agraha nahIM krtaa| Agraha se to vaha mukta hai hI para itanA avazya kahatA hai ki buddhiniSTha bno| buddhivAda khatarAvAda hai vidvAnoM kA vAda hai para buddhiniSThi honA khataroM aura saMgharSoM se mukta hone kA akathya kathya hai / yahI sarvodayavAda hai| ise janavAda kahanA sabase bar3I bhUla hogii| yaha to mAnavatAvAda hai jisameM ahiMsA, satya, sahiSNutA, samanvayAtmakatA, sAmAjikatA sahayoga, sadbhAva aura saMyama-jaina-Atmika guNoM kA vikAsa sannaddha hai / sAmAjika aura rASTrIya utthAna bhI isakI sImA se bahibhUta nahIM rakhe jA sakate / vyaktigata parivAragata, saMsthAgata aura saMpradAyagata vidveSa kI viSailI Aga kA zamana bhI isI ke mAdhyama se honA saMbhava hai| ata: sAmAjikatA ke mAnadaNDa meM anekAntavAda aura sarvodayavAda khare utare haiN| isa prakAra jIvana aura satya ke bIca anekAntavAda eka dhurI kA kAma karatA hai aura sarvodayavAda usake patha ko prazasta karatA hai| donoM samasyUta hokara jIvana ko vizada, nizchala, samAsa, nirUpadravI tathA nirvivAdI banA detA hai| yahI usakI sArvabhaumika upayogitA hai| jaina tattva cintana : Adhunika saMdarbha