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________________ muni zrImahendrakumAra 'dvitIya' bI0 esa0 sI0 (Hons) anekatatvAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda aura jainadarzana vizva kI carama vAstavikatA eka nahIM apitu aneka haiM, yaha anekatattvAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda hai. vividha vicAradhArAoM meM yadi koI vicAradhArA jainadarzana ke adhika nikaTa ho, to vaha anekatattvAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda kI hai. isa vicAradhArA meM bhI tattvoM ke sparUpa, saMkhyA Adi ko lekara aneka abhiprAya prastuta hue haiM. dvaitavAda (Dualism) vizva meM do tattvoM kI sattA kA pratipAdana karatA hai-jar3a aura cetana. anekavAda aneka prakAra ke tattvoM kA pratipAdana karatA hai. anubhayavAda jar3a aura cetana ke atirikta tIsare hI prakAra ke tattvoM ko vizva kI vAstavikatA mAnatA hai. yahA~ para hama kevala kucha viziSTa dArzanikoM aura vaijJAnikoM kI vicAradhArA kI janadarzana ke sAtha tulanAtmaka samIkSA kareMge. Adhunika dArzanikoM meM barTeNDa rasela kI vicAradhArA meM aneka tattvAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda kA pratipAdana huA hai. bhautika padArthoM ke astitva ko ve anubhUti para AdhArita nahIM mAnate. rasela ne sabhI prakAra kI AdarzavAdI aura jJAta sApekSavAdI vicAradhArAoM kA tArkika DhaMga se khaNDana kiyA hai. barkale ke anubhavavAda aura pluto ke pratyayoM ke siddhAnta kI bhI unhoMne tarkapUrNa rIti se dhajjiyAM ur3AI haiM. jJAna meM mAnasika vizleSaNa kI dRSTi se rasela ne eka naye prakAra ke vAstavikavAda ko janma diyA hai. isameM spaSTa rUpa se mAnA gayA hai ki jJeya padArthoM kA astitva jJAtA se sarvathA svatantra hai. jainadarzana bhI isa siddhAnta ko svIkAra karatA hai. isa prakAra padArthoM ke vastu-sApekSa astitva ko donoM darzanoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai. baTTaiNDa rasela jahA~ padArthoM ke vAstavika astitva ko svIkAra karate haiM vahA~ caitanya ke astitva ko bhI svIkAra karate haiM. ataH bhautikavAda ke bhI ve virodhI haiM. yahA~ taka to unakA darzana, jainadarzana ke sAtha sAmaMjasya rakhatA hai. kintu isase Age ve mAnate haiM ki vizva kI vAstavikatA 'anubhaya' arthAt jar3a aura cetana se pare tIsare prakAra ke tattva haiM. jinako ve ghaTanAeM (Events) kahate haiM. isa prakAra unake anusAra vizva ke sabhI padArtha ghaTanAoM ke samUha haiM. ghaTanAeM apane Apa meM jar3a aura cetana donoM se bhinna haiM aura AkAza kAla ke sImita pradeza meM sthita haiM.' ina ghaTanAoM ko ve svabhAvataH gatyAtmaka (Dynamic) mAnate haiM tathA eka dUsare se sambandhita bhI. 'ghaTanA' ke artha ko spaSTa karane ke liye unhoMne likhA hai jaba maiM 'ghaTanA' ke viSaya meM kaha rahA hU~, to merA tAtparya kisI anubhavAtIta vastu se nahIM hai. bijalI kI camaka ko dekhanA eka ghaTanA hai. moTara ke TAyara ko phaTate sunanA athavA sar3e aNDe ko sUghanA yA kisI meMDhaka ke zarIra kI zItatA kA anubhava karanA Adi ghaTanAe~ haiM.2 ina ghaTanAoM ke paraspara sambandha bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke hote haiM, jinake kAraNa unakA koI samUha jar3a kahalAtA hai aura koI cetana. isa prakAra jar3a padArthoM kI ghaTanAoM ke pArasparika sambandha cetana padArthoM kI ghaTanAoM ke sambandhoM se bhinna haiM, yadyapi donoM meM vidyamAna ghaTanAoM kA svarUpa eka hI hai. 1. ena0 AuTalAina Apha philosophI, pR0 287. 2. vahI pR0 287, 3. darzana-zAstra kA rUparekhA, pR0 131. HTTER
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________________ muni mahendrakumAra : anekatattvAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda aura jainadarzana : 437 -0--0-0--0-0-0-0--0-0-0 aba yadi jainadarzana ke dravya guNaparyAyavAda ke sAtha rasela ke isa 'ghaTanAsiddhAnta' kI tulanA kI jAye, to inake bIca rahe hue sAdRzya-vaisa dRzya kA patA hameM laga sakatA hai. jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka dravya, guNa aura paryAyoM kA Azraya hai.' pratikSaNa pratyeka dravya meM jo parivartana hotA hai, use paryAya kahA gayA hai.2 jIva aura pudgala, dharmAstikAya, aura adharmAstikAya, AkAza aura kAla, sabhI dravyoM meM pratikSaNa yaha paryAya kA krama calatA rahatA hai. aba jisako rasela 'ghaTanA' kahate haiM, vaha sambhavataH paryAya kA hI dyotaka lagatA hai. rasela padArthoM ko ghaTanAoM ke samUha rUpa mAnate haiM. jainadarzana 'paryAya' pravAha ke AdhAra ko dravya mAnatA hai. rasela kI ghaTanAeM gatyAtmaka haiM aura eka dUsare se sambandhita haiM, to jainadarzana bhI paryAyoM ko sadA gatimAna aura eka dUsare se sambandhita batAtA hai. ghaTanAeM aura paryAya donoM hamAre anubhaya se pare nahIM haiM. rasela jahA~ ghaTanAoM ko vividha sambandhoM se jar3a aura cetana meM vibhAjita karate haiM aura jar3a padArthoM kI ghaTanAoM ke pArasparika sambandha ko cetana padArthoM kI ghaTanAoM ke sambandha se bhinna mAnate haiM, vahA~ jainadarzana bhI pudgala aura jIva kI paryAyoM ko bhinna-bhinna mAnatA hai. antara kevala itanA hI hai ki rasela pratyeka ghaTanA ko eka svatantra tattva-anubhava mAnate haiM, jaba ki jainadarzana paryAya ko svatantra tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karatA. yathArthatA kI dRSTi se dekhane para rasela kA yaha anubhaya bhI antataH to dvaitavAda meM hI pariNata ho jAtA hai. kyoMki jahA~ pArasparika sambandhoM se ve ghaTanAoM ko do prakAroM meM vibhAjita karate haiM, vahA~ maulika tattva ghaTanAeM na raha kara jar3a aura cetana hI bana jAte haiM. jar3a cetana kI utpatti ke liye uttaradAyI sambandhoM kI parIkSA karate hue DA0 sTesa (Dr. Stace) isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki ye sambandha anubhayavAda ko vastutaH dvaitavAda banA DAlate haiM. ve kahate haiM ki yadi jar3a aura cetana kA antara unake tattvoM ke sambandhoM kA antara hai. to isakA matalaba hai ki cetana padArtha ke tattvoM meM jo sambandha hai, vaha bhautika padArtha ke sambandha se bilkula bhinna hai, arthAt vaha bhautika nahIM hai. yaha bhI nizcita hai ki vaha anubhaya nahIM hai, to avazya hI mAnasika yA cetana hogA. anubhaya nahIM hone kA matalaba hai ki jar3a aura cetana donoM se bhinna nahIM hai, arthAt bhautika yA mAnasika hai. yaha bhI mAlUma hai ki bhautika nahIM hai. isalie avazya hI mAnasika hogA. isI taraha yaha dikhAyA jA sakatA hai ki bhautika padArthoM ke tattvoM meM vidyamAna sambandha bhautika haiM. ataeva anubhaya tattvoM se cetana padArtha ko utpanna karane vAle sambandha sirpha cetana haiM aura bhautika padArtha ko utpanna karane vAle sirpha bhautika. isakA matalaba hai ki jar3a aura cetana kI bhinnatA maulika yA AdhArika hai. kintu aisA hone se unakA vAstavika dvaita siddha ho jAtA hai. isa dvaita kA parihAra nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki yaha dvaita sambandhoM kA hai. aura sambandha hI jar3a ko jar3a aura cetana ko cetana banAne vAle haiM. isa prakAra yadyapi rasela ne ghaTanAoM ko anubhaya tattvoM ke rUpa meM batAyA hai, para vastutaH to unake mUla meM jar3a yA cetana, koI na koI hotA hI hai.5 yaha to jaina-darzana bhI mAnatA hai ki jitane bhI cetana tattva haiM aura paramANu pudgala haiM ve sabhI svatantra vAstavikatAe~ haiM, aura isa dRSTi se vizva ke mUlatattvoM kI saMkhyA to ananta hI hai. jahA~ hama ina tattvoM ko prakAroM meM bAMTate haiM, vahA~ hamAre sAmane kevala do bheda raha jAte haiM, jIva aura pudgala. astu rasela kA darzana pAzcAtya jagat kA eka aisA darzana hai jo sambhavataH jainadarzana ke sabase nikaTa mAnA jA sakatA hai. AdhUnika pAzcAtya dArzanikoM meM pro0 henarI mArgeno kI vicAradhArA bhI jainadarzana ke sAtha bahuta sAdRzya rakhatI hai. 1. guNaparyAyAzrayo dravyam , jainasiddhAntadIpikA 1-3. 2. pUrvottarAkAraparityAgAdAnaM paryAyaH / vahI 1-44. 3. do philAsophI Apha baTreNDa rasela, bI0e0 zilpa dvArA sampAdita pR0355-400 4. darzanazAstra kI rUparekhA, pR0 133 5. rasela ne svayaM apane darzana ko dvaitavAda kahA hai. dekheM darzana-digdarzana pR0371. 6. dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya aura AkAzAstikAya, ye tIna bhI vAstavika tattva hai, kintu inakI saMkhyA eka eka hai. Jain Education Intemati For Private &Personal Use Only
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________________ ---0--0--0-0----0-0-0-0 438 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya pro0 mArgeno ne kansTrakTsa ke siddhAMta kA nirUpaNa karake yaha batAyA hai ki jJAtA aura jJeya padArtha donoM kAsva tantra astitva hai. abhautika vAstavikatA ko bhI ve svIkAra karate haiM. isa prakAra jaina-darzana ke sAtha inakI vicAradhArA kA kAphI sAmaMjasya pratIta hotA hai. mArgeno kI vicAradhArA meM jJAna maimAsika vizleSaNa ke dvArA jJAtA aura jJeya padArtha kI vAstavikatA ke viSaya meM cintana kiyA gayA hai. aura vaha vicAradhArA samIkSAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda (Critical realism) ke nikaTa calI jAtI hai. samIkSAtmaka vAstavikatAbAda ke anusAra jJAna-prakriyA meM tIna tattva hote haiM : 1. jJAtA (known of mind), 2. jJeya (object as it is), 3. jJAta padArtha (object as known) 'jJAtA' jJAna karanevAlA hai. jisa vastu kA jJAna hotA hai, usI ko 'jJeya padArtha' kahate haiM. mana yA jJAtA kI cetanA ke samakSa jo padArtha vidyamAna rahatA hai, usIko 'jJAta' padArtha kahate haiM, use pradatta (Datum) bhI kahate haiM. kyoMki jJAtA ko yahI prApta hotA hai. vAstavika vastu nahIM milatI. yaha siddhAMta vAstavika vastu aura jJAta vastu donoM meM dvaita yA bhinnatA mAnatA hai, isalie ise jJAna-zAstrIya-dvaitavAda (Epigtemological dualism) kahate haiM.' isa prakAra isake anusAra jJeya padArtha aura jJAta padArtha meM saMkhyAtmaka bhinnatA (Numerical duality) to hotI hai. kintu ina pradattoM ke dvArA padArtha vastuoM kA pratyakSa jJAna hotA hai. kyoMki hama pradattoM ko nahIM dekhate. balki cazme kI taraha unake mAdhyama se vastuoM ko dekhate haiM. aba dekhA jA sakatA hai ki jainadarzana kI vicAradhArA isake samIpa haiM. jaina-darzana jJeya padArtha ko svataMtra vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai. jJAtA kA bhI svataMtra vAstavika astitva mAnatA hai 'jJAta padArtha' jJeya padArtha se saMkhyAtmaka bhinnatA rakhatA hai. jJAnaprakriyA meM do prakAra ke sAdhanoM kA upabhoga hotA haiaindriya aura anIndriya. aindriya sAdhanoM dvArA jJAta padArtha jJeya padArtha se na kevala saMkhyAtmaka bhinnatA rakhatA hai balki inameM svarUpAtmaka bhinnatA bhI honI saMbhava hai. hA~, yaha jJAta-padArtha jJeya padArtha aura aindriya upakaraNoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM ke anurUpa hI hotA hai. gaNita kI bhASA meM ise kaheM to yadi 'a' jJeya padArtha hai aura 'ba' aindriya sAdhanoM dvArA jJAta padArtha hai to ba-pha (a aindriya sambandha)' hotA hai. isa prakAra hamAre jJAna meM Ane vAlA vizva vAstavika vizva meM yaha 'dvata' ho jAtA hai. aba, jahA~ atIndriya sAdhanoM dvArA jJAna prApta hotA hai, vahA~ jJAta padArtha aura jJeya padArtha meM saMkhyAtmaka dvaita to rahatA hai, kintu svarUpAtmaka dvaita to nahIM rahatA. arthAt yadi 'ka' atIndriya sAdhanoM dvArA jJAta padArtha hai to 'ka-a' hotA hai. isa vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainadarzana aura samIkSAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda meM bahuta kucha sAdRzya hai, kintu thor3A antara bhI hai ; dUsarA jahA~ pradatta (Datum)aura yathArtha vastu meM svarUpAtmaka bhinnatA ko svIkAra nahIM karatA, vahAM, janadarzana usakI saMbhavatA ko svIkAra karatA hai. dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki pradattoM ko jaina-darzana meM koI svataMtra vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu vaha vastutaH jJAtA kA hI eka aMga bana jAtA hai. hA~, usakA svarUpa 'jJeya-padArtha' para AdhArita avazya hotA hai. aisA mAnane se jo doSa samIkSAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda meM Ate haiM, jainadarzana kI vicAradhArA unase mukta raha jAtI hai. vaijJAnikoM meM aneka aise haiM, jo anekatattvAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda ko svIkAra karate haiM. prAcIna yuga meM nyUTana ne spaSTa rUpa se bhUta aura cetana ke svataMtra astitva ko svIkAra kiyA thA, Adhunika yuga meM hAIsana varga vhI haoNkara Adi bhI padArtha ke vastusApekSa astitva ko svIkAra karate haiM. hAIsanavarga kA sthAna vartamAna vaijJAnikoM meM prathama zreNI meM hai. unhoMne apane 'bhautika vijJAna aura darzana' nAmaka grantha meM Adhunika vijJAna ke darzana kI jo carcA kI hai, usake 1. darzanazAstra kI rUparekhA, pR0 345. 2. (phalaka) (Function) kA cihna hai. 3. vivaraNa ke lie dekheM, darzana-zAstra kI rUparekhA, pR0 347-348. AAAA Jain Ede Tameprary.org
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________________ muni mahendrakumAra : anekatattvAtmaka vAstavikatAvAda aura jainadarzana : 436 AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne bhautika padArthoM ko vastusApekSa vAstavikatA ke rUpa meM mAnA hai. sAtha hI cetana tatva kI vAstavikatA ko bhI ve svIkAra karate haiM. unhoMne mAnA hai ki cetanatattva ko bhautikazAstra, rasAyanazAstra aura vikAsavAda ke siddhAMtoM para nahIM samajhAyA jA sakatA. hAIsana varga yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki 'vAstavikatA' ko samajhane ke liye hamArI dhAraNAoM kI sUkSma paribhASAyeM Avazyaka haiM.2 inakI vicAradhArA ko hama Adhunika pratyakSavAda (Modern Positivism ) ke antargata mAna sakate haiM. unhoMne svayaM Adhunika pratyakSavAda kI carcA meM yaha kahA hai ki 'padArtha anubhUti' 'astitva' Adi kI samIkSAtmaka paribhASAyeM Avazyaka haiM.3 aba jaina-darzana ke sAtha yadi isakI tulanA kI jAye to kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaijJAnikoM kI dArzanika vicAradhArAoM meM hAIsana varga kI vicAradhArA jaina-darzana ke sAtha bahuta sAdRzya rakhatI hai. donoM hI bhUta aura cetana ke vAstavika astitva ko svIkAra karate haiM. jJAtA-jJeya sambandhI hAIsana varga kI dArzanika vicAradhArA kA vistRta vivecana nahIM hone se, itanI samIkSA praryApta mAnI jA sakatI hai. hAIsana varga ke atirikta anya vaijJAnika bhautika padArthoM ko aura cetana tattva ko bhI vAstavika mAnate haiM kintu unakI vicAradhArA darzana ke rUpa meM upalabdha hone se tulanAtmaka samIkSA nahIM kI jA sakatI. ---0--0-0-0-0--0-0-0-0 1. phijiksa eNDa philosophI, pR0 65. 2. vahI pu084. 3. vahI pR0 78.