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________________ anaupacArika zikSA : saMkalpanA evaM svarUpa - DaoN. zivacaraNa menAriyA (pradhAnAdhyApaka, rAjakIya mADala sekeNDarI skala, udayapura, rAja.) ime ye nAGita parazcaranti, na brAhmaNaso na sutekarAsaH / ta ete vAcamAbhipaddha pApayA-sirIstantra tattvate aprajajJayA / / (Rgveda 10. 71. 6) "vedajJa brAhmaNoM evaM paralokIya devoM ke sAtha yajJAdi karma nahIM karane vAle vyakti pApAzrita laukika bhASA ko zikSA ke dvArA ajJAnIsadRza halavAhaka banakara kRSi-rUpa tAnA-bAnA hI bunA karate haiN|" zaikSaNika tAratamyatA kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa vedoM meM laukika bhASA kI zikSA ko pApAzrita kahA gayA hai| vartamAna zikSA-jagat bhI uddezyahInatA ke bhaMvarajAla meM phaMsA huA hai| zikSagAlayoM meM adhyayanarata chAtra apane jIvana ke vAstavika siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karane meM sarvathA digbhramita-mA rahatA hai tathA anizcitatAoM kI mRgamarIcikA meM bhaTakatA huA mastiSka kI aparipakvatA kA bhAravAhaka banakara hI sAMsArikatA kA anugAmI banatA hai| jIvana kI samasyAoM se anabhijJa, vikSiptAvasthA meM naitikatA ke lambe patha para agrasara hotA hai evaM atRptAvasthA meM jIvana bhara bhaTakatA rahatA hai tathA kabhI-kabhI udvignatAvaza anaitikatA kA anugAmI bana jAtA hai| svAtantryottara kAla meM bhI kizoroM kI samasyAoM kA ucita samAdhAna nahIM ho pAyA hai| Adhunika yuga meM vijJAna evaM takanIkI kA tIvragAmI vikAsa ho rahA hai| DA0 philipa heDalara ne bhAvI vikAsa kI kalpanA karate hue kahA hai ki Ane vAlI zatAbdI meM vijJAna evaM takanIkI kI pragati ke pariNAmataH vizva ke 5 pratizata loga kRSi kareMge, 20 pratizata vyakti utpAdana kArya meM lage hoMge tathA 75 pratizata atyadhika kuzalatAoM ke kArya meM vyasta hoNge| idhara mAnava kA saMcita jJAna bhI pratyeka dazAbdI meM dugunA hotA jA rahA hai tathA yahI krama rahA to yaha nizcita hai ki zikSA kA kaisA bhI pAThyakrama ho, vaha kucha hI samaya meM apUrNa aura niSprayojana ho jaayegaa| bhAratavarSa kI janasaMkhyA 60 karor3a kI sImA pAra kara cukI hai tathA yaha AzaMkA hai ki yadi vartamAna janmadara banI rahI to san 2000 I0 taka vaha eka sau karor3a ho jaaygii| janasaMkhyA kI tIvratama vRddhi ne hamArI gata 30 varSoM kI Arthika pragati ko niSprabhAvI banA diyA hai| vikAsa kSetroM kI vistAra gati se janasaMkhyA vistAra kI gati Age nikalatI jA rahI hai| vibhinna prayAsoM se anna utpAdana meM ullekhanIya vRddhi huI hai to prati vyakti anna kI mAtrA (upalabdha mAtrA) bhI nirAzAjanaka sImA taka ghaTa gayI hai| sAkSaratA pratizata meM sudhAra kI apekSA nirakSara janasaMkhyA kI saMkhyA adhika ho gayI hai / yahI sthiti makAna Adi Avazyaka jIvanopayogI-vastuoM tathA sevAoM kI hai| vizAla bhArata rASTra ke jana-jana ko zikSita karane athavA sAkSara banAne evaM Arthika , sAmAjika tathA janakalyANa kI yojanAoM se bhijJa karane hetu pracalita aupacArika zikSA vyavasthA paryApta nahIM hai| dIrghAvadhi se
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________________ anaupacArika zikSA saMkalpanA evaM svarUpa pracalita aupacArika zikSA deza ke mAtra 40 pratizata logoM ko sAkSara banA pAyI hai| deza kI 60 pratizata janatA Aja bhI nirakSara hai tathA ajJAna ke andha mahAsAgara meM gote lagA rahI hai| deza kI pracalita zikSA praNAlI deza kI AvazyakatAoM ke anurUpa nahIM haiM tathA bhItara hI bhItara vizRMkhalita hai / Aja aisI zikSA praNAlI kI AvazyakatA hai jo rASTra ke vikAsa kI AvazyakatAoM se sambandhita ho / 27 vartamAna zikSA praNAlI kI sImAe 1. vartamAna zikSA vyavasthA kA eka mukhya lakSaNa yaha hai ki yaha pUre vidyAlaya samaya taka vidyAlaya meM rahane meM samartha chAtroM ko hI praveza detI hai| pariNAmataH kAma-kAjI vyakti ko saMsthAgata zikSA kA lAbha nahIM mila pAtA hai / patrAcAra evaM rAtri mahAvidyAlaya bhI mAtra tIsarI zreNI kI zikSA upalabdha karAte haiM, sAtha hI isa praNAlI se uttIrNa hue snAtakoM ko samAja meM heya dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai| isI taraha 8 varSa se Upara kI Ayu varga ke bAlakoM kA bahuta bar3A pratizata punaH isa praNAlI kA aMga nahIM bana pAtA hai| hamArI zikSA vyavasthA bAlakoM ko unake gharelU vyavasAya se haTA letI hai| kucha varSo bAda puna: kAryAnubhava evaM dastakArI jaise niSphala upAyoM se unheM kAma kI duniyA se jor3ane kA asaphala prayAsa karatI hai| zikSA praNAlI meM alagAva kA tIsarA pakSa prAthamika, mAdhyamika, ucca mAdhyamika evaM praur3ha zikSA jaise paraspara bhinna kSetroM kA aprAkRtika vibhAjana hai / jinake adhyApaka, karmacArI Adi sabhI bhinna-bhinna haiM / 2. bhArata meM zikSA para prativarSa solaha sau karor3a rupayoM se adhika vyaya kiyA jAtA hai / yaha vyaya surakSA vyaya ke bAda sabase adhika hai| prAthamika zikSA meM apavyaya evaM avarodhana ke pariNAmasvarUpa 60 pra0za0 dhana vyartha hI calA jAtA hai / zikSA meM apavyaya aura avarodhana kA mukhya kAraNa isakI uddezyahInatA hai / zikSaNetara chAtra naukarI ke lie idhara-udhara bhaTakatA rahatA hai, kadAcita hI koI chAtra punaH apane paitRka vyavasAya meM lauTane kI bAta socatA ho / svataMtra bhArata kI nava nirvAcita sarakAra ne vikAsa kAryakramoM ko sAmudAyika vikAsa aura paMcAyata rAja kI paddhati se jor3ane kA saMkalpa kiyA thA aura vikAsa kAryakrama meM janatA ko bhAgIdArI denA zaikSika prakriyA mAnA thA / phalataH sAmudAyika vikAsa kAryakrama ke antargata samAja zikSA kAryakrama taiyAra kiyA gayA kintu dvitIya paMcavarSIya yojanA ke bAda hI samagra vikAsa ke sthAna para saMkucita kSetra ke utpAdana kAryoM ko mahattva diyA jAne lagA tathA sAmudAyika vikAsa kAryakrama tathA paMcAyatI rAja aura samAja zikSA kA mahattva kama ho gayA / samAja zikSA kAryakartAoM ke pada samApta kara diye gaye aura grAmasevakoM ke pada kRSi kAryakartA ke padoM meM rUpAntarita kara diye gaye / jabaki usa samaya kA eka atyanta saphala kAryakrama grAma zikSA kI yojanA thI / taduparAnta grAma zikSA saMsthAna ( rUrala insTITyUTa) tathA kRSi mahAvidyAlaya khole gaye aura unameM sahakArI prabandha, grAmINa sevAe~, grAmINa svacchatA praNAlI, grAmINa abhiyAntrikI, grAmodyoga jaise pAThyakrama sammilita kiye gaye tathA kRSi mahAvidyAlayoM ko anusaMdhAna evaM prasAra kAryakrama sauMpe gaye / magara bhAratIya zikSA vyavasthA meM ina saMsthAoM kI kahAnI duHkhAnta banakara raha gayI hai / ye saMsthAe~ apanI vizeSatAoM ko banAye nahIM rakha skiiN| grAmINa zikSA saMsthAna sAmAnya vizvavidyAlayoM se Abaddha ho gaye aura kRSi mahAvidyAlaya bhI kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara) kRSi snAtaka ( sarakArI naukarI hetu ) taiyAra karane Ji juTa gaye / apAra dhana kharca karane para bhI koI lAbha nahIM huA aura yaha kAryakrama paramparita zikSA kI capeTa meM A gyaa| samAja zikSA borDa, koyalA khAna karmacArI saMgaThana, akhila bhAratIya zramika zikSA samiti tathA kRSakoM ke lie kiyAtmaka sAkSaratA kAryakrama (1967-68 ) tathA neharU kendra prArambha kiye gaye kintu pariNAma vahI DhAka ke pAta tIna / hamAre deza kA sAmAnya zikSArthI apane dainika jIvana kI samasyAoM kA hala nikAla pAne meM samartha ho sake aura jise vaha sahaja hI jIvana jIte hue svIkAra kara sake, aisI zikSA praNAlI hI sacce mAne meM upayogI kahI jA sakatI hai| deza kA bahusaMkhyaka varga aupacArika zikSA kendroM meM nahIM samA sakatA aura na hI yaha varga apanI 0 .
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________________ 28 DIDISIS karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha tRtIya khaNDa vyasta dainika jIvanacaryA ke kAraNa sthAna - samaya sambandhI sImAoM meM ba~dhane ko taiyAra hai / kadAcita hama apane prayAsoM se inheM aupacArika zikSA kI mukhya dhArA meM lAne kA prayatna bhI kareM to bhI dhanAbhAva ke kAraNa hama unake lie samucita vyavasthA nahIM kara sakeMge / phalataH hameM kisI navIna vidhA kA prayoga Avazyaka hogA / anaupacArika zikSA isI AvazyakatA kI pUrti kara sakatI hai| vikAsamAna bhArata ke nAgarikoM ko Arthika evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM ho rahe tIvratama parivartanoM se jUjhane ke lie taiyAra karanA isa zikSA kA mahattvapUrNa kArya hogA / svaicchika prayAsa +0+0+0 kriyAzIla sAkSaratA ko apanA pramukha lakSya mAnakara katipaya svaicchika saMsthAe~ bhI praur3ha zikSA evaM anaupacArika zikSA ke kSetra meM pravRtta huIM, jinameM karnATaka praur3ha zikSA samiti, bambaI mahAnagara samAja zikSA samiti, bagola samAja sevA saMgha tathA rAjasthAna kI praur3ha zikSA samiti, ajamera, loka zikSaNa saMsthAna, jayapura, prauDha zikSA samiti bIkAnera, sevA mandira, udayapura, rAjasthAna vidyApITha, udayapura tathA praur3ha zikSA samiti Adi mukhya haiN| ina saMsthAoM ne kRSakoM ke lie alpakAlIna prazikSaNa, zramikoM ke lie kalyANa kAryakrama, kAryarata bAlakoM ke liye anaupacArika zikSA, mahilAoM ke liye gharelU udyoga evaM anaupacArika zikSA ke anyAnya kAryakrama Arambha kiye haiM / rASTrIya zikSA nIti evaM anaupacArika zikSA anaupacArika zikSA ko aupacArika zikSA kA vikalpa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, donoM eka dUsare kI pUraka haiM / unameM mukhya rUpa se jo antara hai vaha hai unake svarUpa, saMgaThana aura dRSTikoNa meM antara anaupacArika zikSA kA vizeSa lakSaNa yaha hai ki isakA svarUpa aura vyavasthA zikSArthiyoM kI AvazyakatAoM tathA suvidhAoM ke anurUpa hI hotI hai, phalataH isameM svarUpa yA saMgaThana kI ekarUpatA, kaThoratA aura niyamabaddhatA para Agraha nahIM hotA / spaSTa hai ki isase anaupacArika zikSA meM sthAna aura paristhitiyoM ke anusAra vividhatA AnA svAbhAvika hai / ekarUpatA aura rUr3ha niyamabaddhatA se mukta hone ke kAraNa yaha lacIlApana liye hue svAyattazAsI vyavasthA hai| 1969 meM paryApta vicAra vimarza ke pazcAt aMzakAlIna zikSA evaM patrAcAra pAThyakrama kI koThArI kamIzana kI rAya svIkRta kI gii| taduparAnta navambara 74 meM vidyAlayetara vAlakoM ke liye prastAva pArita kiyA gayA aura anaupacArika zikSA ko svIkRti pradAna kI gaI prAntIya sarakAroM ne kendrIya prazAsana ke anurodha para katipaya jiloM kA cayana karake vahA~ para praur3ha zikSA kA kAryakrama Arambha kiyaa| rAjasthAna meM yaha kAryakrama 6 jiloM meM Arambha kiyA gayA tathA pratyeka jile meM 100 kendra prArambha karane kA lakSya nirdhArita kiyA gyaa| 1 navIna rASTrIya nIti ke anusAra anaupacArika zikSA ko prayogAtmaka mAnane ke bajAya zikSA kA antaraMga hissA mAnA gayA hai| isake lie 3 yojanAoM ko puSTa mAnA gayA hai (a) 15 varSa se kama vaya varga ke bAlakoM kI zikSA meM sahAyaka hogI (zikSA meM sArvajanInatA ke prayatnoM meM sahAyaka ) (ba) 15 se 25 varSa ke navayuvakoM (grAmINa va zaharI ) ko rASTrIya kAryakrama meM sakriya bhAgIdAra banAne kA sAdhana hogI / (sa) kRSi prazikSaNa evaM kriyAzIla sAkSaratA meM sahayoga | anaupacArika zikSA kI prAsaMgikatA yadyapi kRSiyogya bhUmi kI upalabdhi carama para pahu~ca gayI hai tathApi prati hekTara bhUmi para Azrita logoM kI saMkhyA bar3ha gaI hai| ataH vikAsa ke sAdhanoM ke saMrakSaNa evaM saMvRddhi para bhI dhyAna diyA jAnA apekSita hai| grAmINa arthavyavasthA ko sudRr3ha banAne hetu zikSA ke subaddha kAryakrama Ayojita kiye jAnA upayogI siddha ho sakatA
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________________ anaupacArika zikSA : saMkalpanA evaM svarUpa 26 . hai| khAdI grAmodyoga evaM dugdha utpAdana jaisI yojanAoM dvArA kisAnoM ko prAsaMgika aMzakAlIna rojagAra kA avasara prApta ho sakatA hai tathA bhUmi para par3ane vAlA janasaMkhyA kA dabAba kama ho sakatA hai / deza ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa hetu yadi anaupacArika zikSA ko susaMgaThita karake prArambha kiyA jAya to yaha nirdhanatA tathA berorojagArI kA nidAna prastuta kara sakane meM samartha ho sakatI hai| grAmINa kSetroM meM kRSiyogya bhUmi kA punarvitaraNa, kRSakoM ko kRSi kI navIna vidhAoM se paricita karAne hetu prazikSaNa, kRSi sAdhanoM kI surakSA evaM vikAsa, pazupAlana evaM grAmodyoga ke mAdhyama se kRSakoM ke lie vyAvasAyika vividhatA utpanna kI jA sakatI hai| anaupacArika zikSA meM paryApta lacIlApana hogA jisase ki vaha nirdiSTa aMcala yA samUha kI AvazyakatAoM ke prasaMga se apane kAryakrama ko anukUlita karatI rhegii| saMkalpanA evaM prAthamikatAe~ mAnava vikAsa ke krama meM, prAcInakAla meM hI yadyapi sIkhane-sikhAne ke lie vidyAlaya nahIM the; magara sIkhane kA maukhika pAThyakrama avazya thA jo kisI kSetravizeSa yA jAtivizeSa ke liye sarvamAnya nahIM thaa| jalavAyu, kArya kI prakRti, paryAvaraNa tathA sAmAjika AvazyakatAoM ke AdhAra para isakA nirdhAraNa hotA thaa| Aja bhI mAnava ko jIvana saMgharSa ke lie taiyAra karane vAlI zikSA vidyAlaya vyavasthA ke bAhara hI hotI hai| bagaira kisI saMgaThita prayAsa yA vyavasthA ke--abhivRttiyoM ke nirmANa, kuzalatAe~ prApta karane evaM jAnakArI bar3hAne kI prakriyA ko hama sahaja zikSA (inaphAramala ejyUkezana) kahate haiN| isameM parivAra evaM samAja ke bujurgoM ke saceta prayAsa bhI zAmila hote haiM tAki zikSArthI paryAvaraNa ke sAtha samaMjana karate hue vikasita ho skeN| philipa kumbasa aura maMjUra ahamada ne anaupacArika zikSA ko paribhASita karate hue kahA hai ki anaupacArika zikSA paramparita aupacArika zikSA ke DhAMce se bAhara svatantra athavA vyApaka kAryakrama ke viziSTa aMga ke rUpa meM, paricAlita eka vyavasthAbaddha susaMgaThita zikSA kAryakrama hai jise kinhIM nirdiSTa zikSArthiyoM ke lie nirdiSTa zaikSika prayojanoM se calAyA jAtA hai / anaupacArika zikSA eka aisI zikSA vyavasthA hai jisake svarUpa kA nizcaya zikSArthI kI AvazyakatAoM evaM suvidhAoM ke anurUpa kiyA jAtA hai, jo kisI kAraNavaza zikSA se vaMcita yA kAma-dhandhe meM lage logoM ke lie bhI zikSA ke avasara juTAne kA prayatna karatI hai, jo aisA vyAvahArika AdhAra prastuta karatI hai ki zikSA jIvana kA sahaja aMga bana jAe aura samAja ko satata zikSA kI ora agrasara banA ske| kisI bhI zikSA kAryakrama ko anaupacArika kahalAne ke lie usameM nimna zarte honA paramAvazyaka hai (1) aupacArika vyavasthA se pare ho, jisameM vidyAlaya aura kakSA zikSaNa kramabaddha aura zreNIbaddha vyavasthA ke bandhana na hoN| (2) saceta bhAva se vicArapUrvaka saMgaThita ho| (3) samAna samUha ke lie Ayojita kI gaI ho| (4) samUha kI AvazyakatAoM aura vyaktigata jarUratoM ke anusAra kAryakrama banAyA jAnA caahie| aise bAlakoM yA vyaktiyoM ke lie jo kinhIM kAraNoM se aupacArika zikSA prApta nahIM kara sake haiM yA nahIM kara sakate, anaupacArika zikSA eka vikalpa kA kAma karatI hai| yadi ve anaupacArika zikSA prApta karake phira se aupacArika zikSA meM praveza le leM to yaha zikSA unake lie vikalpa ke sthAna para pUraka kA hI kArya kregii| vartamAna meM jisa rUpa meM yaha naI vyavasthA Arambha kI gaI hai, usa rUpa meM yaha una bAlaka-bAlikAoM kI sahAyatA ke lie hai jo ki Arthika yA anya kisI kAraNa se pUrNakAlika aupacArika zikSA meM praveza nahIM kara sake haiM athavA praveza karake vApasa chor3a cuke haiM / isa prakAra ke zikSA kendroM meM adhyayana karane vAle chAtroM kI Ayu varga 8 se 14 kA hogaa| bhArata meM nirdhanatA aura nirakSaratA kI samasyA bar3I vikaTa hai| inake nirAkaraNa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue vikAsa abhiyAna meM anaupacArika zikSA kAryakramoM ko nimna krama se prAthamikatA denA nizcita huA hai
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________________ 30 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : tRtIya khaNDa (a) 8 se 14 Ayu varga ke kAryarata athavA vidyAlaya se par3hAI chor3a dene vAle bAlakoM kI zikSA kI vyavasthA / isa varga ke (60 pratizata azikSita zikSArthiyoM meM sIkhane kI ruci sakriya rahatI hai aura eka halke se prayAsa dvArA inheM nirakSaroM kI zreNI meM sammilita hone se rokA jA sakatA hai| isa varga ke chAtroM ko hindI, gaNita, vAtAvaraNa kA jJAna evaM vyavasAya sambandhI viSayoM kA jJAna karAyA jAyagA jisase ve anaupacArika zikSA pUrNa karake aupacArika zikSA meM praveza lene meM samartha ho skeN| isa kAryakrama meM AvazyakatAnusAra TaisTa yA parIkSA kA prAvadhAna bhI rahanA cAhie jisase avasara milane para zikSArthI aupacArika zikSA dhArA meM punaH praviSTa ho sakeM / (ba) 15 - 25 Ayu varga ke kizora gRhasthI basAne lagate haiM aura vyAvasAyika tathA pArivArika kAryoM kA uttaradAyitva nibhAne lagate haiN| isa varga ke zikSArthiyoM ko racanAtmaka prayojanoM kI ora agrasara kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa varga meM 52 pratizata loga nirakSara haiN| sAmAjika-Arthika vikAsa kAryakamoM ke susampAdana ke lie yaha varga nirNAyaka mahattva kA hai| lakSya ( sa ) kRSakoM tathA zramajIviyoM ke lie zikSA kAryakramoM ko punarsaMgaThita karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai kyoMki inhIM ke Upara deza kI pragati kA bhAra hai / (da) dhamikottara gRhaNiyoM ke lie zikSA kI vyavasthA kI jaaygii| rASTrIya anuzAsana ke jIvana darzana ke lie anaupacArika zikSA kA kendrIya mahatva hai / hamAre sAmAjikaArthika jIvana ke aneka pahaluoM meM rASTrIya anuzAsana kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai / hameM aise anuzAsana kI Avazyaka hai jo hamArI samAjika-Arthika cetanA se upaje hameM eka samucita mUlya vyavasthA bhI vikasita karanI hai| aisI mUlya vyavasthA jisameM buniyAdI svatantratAoM ke sAtha-sAtha kartavya bhAvanA kI jAgarUkatA ho, bandhutva ho, mAnavIyatA sadvyavahAra aura Arthika va sAmAjika samAnatA ho / anaupacArika zikSA + anaupacArika zikSA apane zikSArthI ke sarvAgINa vikAsa kA dAvA kabhI nahIM karatI balki vaha unake lie zikSA ke avasara sulabha karAne kI saMbhAvita ceSTA karatI hai / anaupacArika zikSA bhArata jaise vikAsazIla deza meM vikAsa kI prakriyAoM se jur3I huI hotI hai| philipa kumbasa ke zabdoM meM 'ucita sthAnoM para samucita tarIke se kriyAnvita aura anupUraka prayatnoM se sambandhita anaupacArika kAryakrama grAmINa nirdhanatA ke nivAraNa ke lie zaktizAlI sAdhana ho sakate haiN|' isake mukhya lakSya nimna ho sakate haiM--- (1) sakriya sAkSaratA | (2) nAgarikoM meM grAmodyoga ke prati ruci utpanna karanA tAki ve apane atirikta samaya kA samucita prayoga kara sakeM / (3) kRSi ke unnata tarIkoM evaM sAdhanoM ke saMrakSaNa se nAgarikoM ko paricita karAnA / (4) Adarza nAgarika ke guNoM kA vikAsa karanA / (5) sAmAjika evaM Arthika unnati ke lie samartha banAnA / (6) amikottara mahilAoM ke lie gilA (prasUti zizupAlana, parivAra niyojana Adi) / anaupacArika zikSA kAryakramoM se sarvasAmAnya manuSya lAbhAnvita ho sakate haiM, ataH unheM (zikSArthI ko ) Ayojita kAryakrama ke sAtha samUhita karanA par3atA hai yA samUhoM ke anusAra kAryakrama Ayojita karane par3ate haiM / isameM praveza hetu Ayu varga tathA aupacArika zikSA meM Avazyaka niyamoM kA koI bandhana nahIM hogA / .
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________________ anaupacArika zikSA : saMkalpanA evaM svarUpa 31 . viSaya vastu anaupacArika kAryakramoM ko apane nirdiSTa samUhoM ke lie unakI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke vicAra se viSayavastu kA cayana evaM nizcaya karanA par3atA hai| kucha viSaya-vastu vibhinna samUhoM ke lie samAna rUpa se bhI Ayojita kI jA sakatI hai, yathA--akSarajJAna yA sAkSaratA, saMkhyAjJAna, sArvajanika svAsthya, prasUti caryA aura zizu poSaNa tathA parivAra niyojana Adi / kintu isa prakAra ke samUhoM ke lie jo viSaya-vastu cunI jAyagI usameM unake vyAvasAyika kArya aura Arthika pakSa kI jarUratoM ke lAyaka sAmagrI para avazya bala diyA jaayegaa| isa dRSTi se eka varga ke lie samunnata bIja kAryakrama, dUsare varga ke lie saghana kRSi takanIkI, tIsare, cauthe, pAMcaveM tathA chaThe vargoM ke lie kramaza: dugdha utpAdana, bher3apAlana, machalIpAlana, madhumakkhIpAlana Adi sahAyaka vyavasAyoM kI jAnakArI bhI dI jA sakatI hai| inake sAtha hI katipaya vizeSa kAryakramoM kI bhI AvazyakatA rahegI jinake dvArA ve prabhutAsampanna jAtiyoM kI ugratA kA sAmanA karane kA sAhasa utpanna kara sakeM aura apane vikAsa meM Ane vAlI kaThinAiyoM ko dUra kara skeN| tAtparya yaha hai ki jina logoM para anaupacArika zikSA kAryakrama kI viSayavastu cunane kA uttaradAyitva hogA unheM svayaM ko zikSArthI samudAya meM vyApta samasyAoM kI samAjazAstrIya evaM vaicArika antardazAoM ke avabodha meM pAraMgata honA hogA aura vibhinna vikAsa abhikaraNoM se samanvaya tathA sahayoga bhI karanA hogaa| kendra-vyavasthA evaM samaya ___ isa zikSA kAryakrama ke Ayojaka kisI sthAna vizeSa ke prati durAgraha se pIr3ita nahIM hote haiM / ve cAheM to vidyAlaya bhavana kA upayoga apane kAryakrama ke Ayojana ke lie kara sakate haiM kintu yaha kisI bhI dazA meM anivArya nahIM hai| anaupacArika zikSA kAryakramoM kA Ayojana adhikatara to kArya-sthAnoM para hI hogA aura kAryagata kuzalatAoM ke nirdezana ke vicAra se vaisA honA bhI caahie| kinhIM viziSTa paristhitiyoM meM zikSArthI kA ghara bhI sIkhane kA sthAna ho sakatA hai yA koI aisI jagaha bhI ho sakatI hai, jise zikSAthiyoM kA samudAya nizcita kare, jaisemandira, masjida, paMcAyataghara, gAMva kA corA(caupAla), kheta yA kisI vRkSa vizeSa kI chaayaa| apane khulepana kI viziSTatA ke kAraNa anaupacArika zikSA kI paristhitiyA~ bhI utanI hI mukta aura nirbandha hoMgI jaisA ki usakA kAryakrama hogaa| ___sAtha hI isameM zikSArthI kI suvidhA ke anusAra vibhinna prakAra ke zikSA kAryakrama aMzakAlika yA par3hane vAle kI suvidhAnusAra calate haiM / isa aMzakAlika yA apanI suvidhA ke dAyare meM bhI aneka bhinnatAeM ho sakatI haiM, jaise kucha kAryakrama dina meM thor3e samaya ke lie cala sakate haiM kintu zikSArthI koI cAhe to Adhe ghaNTe ke lie aura koI ghaNTe-do ghaNTe ke lie A sakatA hai / anya sthitiyoM meM zikSaNa avakAza meM kRSakoM ke lie unakI phurasata ke samaya pUrNakAlika pAThyakrama bhI calAyA jA sakatA hai| anaupacArika zikSA meM paddhati, sAdhana aura mAdhyama vidyArthI samuha kI zaikSaNika AvazyakatAoM aura unakI tatsambandhI pRSThabhUmi ke AdhAra para niyojita hoMge / unameM kakSA zikSaNa ho sakatA hai to kheta yA kAryasthala para pratyakSa nidarzana bhI ho sakatA hai / patrAcAra ke mAdhyama se kArya ho sakatA hai to nirdezita svAdhyAya kI sthiti bhI bana sakatI hai / sAkSaratA kAryakrama ke lie AyojakoM ko bhASA ke mAdhyama sambandhI nirNaya bhI karanA hogaa| sAdhana-sAmagrI kI AvazyakatA ko bhI jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sktaa| sAdhana-sAmagrI ke utpAdana meM jo kaThinAiyA~ upasthita haiM unakA adhika samAdhAna to reDiyo, calacitra jaise jana saMcAra ke sAdhanoM se hI ho sakatA hai kintu antatogatvA anaupacArika zikSA meM usakI apanI sAdhana-sAmagrI kI nitAnta mahattA ko atyukti kahakara nahIM TAlA jA sktaa| anudezaka isake pAThyakrama aura paddhati kI apekSAoM se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki vyAvasAyika adhyApaka sAmAnyataH zikSArthiyoM kI vibhinna aura vividhatApUrNa AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti nahIM kara skeNge| ina kAryakramoM ko vAstavika arthoM meM vyAvahArika banAne ke lie vibhinna vikAsa abhikaraNoM ke kAryakartAoM kA sahayoga bhI prApta karanA hogA aura yaha - 0
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________________ 32 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : tRtIya khaNDa bhI lAbhakArI hogA ki zikSArthI samudAya ke zikSita navayuvAoM ko aMzakAlika anudezaka ke rUpa meM kAma dene kI saMbhAvanAoM kI khoja kI jAya / isa prakAra kI vyavasthA kI jAya ki vikAsa abhikaraNoM ke kAryakartAoM kA upayoga karanA, zikSArthI samUhoM meM se anudezaka cunanA sambaddha janoM meM paraspara U~ce darje ke samanvaya kI apekSA rakhatI hai tathA niyama aura kArya praNAlI meM bhI paryApta lacIlepana kI mA~ga karatI hai / isake uparAnta anaupacArika zikSA kAryakramoM meM saMlagna vyAvasAyika adhyApakoM tathA anya karmacAriyoM--anudezakoM ke lie prazikSaNa tathA abhinavana kI bhI AvazyakatA hogii| kucha samaya ke lie vyAvasAyika zikSaka kA upayoga ho sakatA hai kintu saphalatA khatare meM par3a sakatI hai| isameM vyaktiza: jAMca kI praNAlI vikasita kI jaaygii| pratyeka zikSArthI ko apanI gati se sIkhane aura Age bar3hane kA avasara diyA jAyagA / anaupacArika zikSA meM zikSArthiyoM ko prerita karane meM stara sIkhane kI kSamatA ko bhI dRSTigata rakhanA hogA / isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai ki isameM aupacArika zikSA ke samAna parIkSA Ayojita nahIM hogii| vastutaH isameM kisI vizeSa paddhati para koI vizeSa jora nahIM diyA jAyagA / mUlyAMkana kA mukhya tarIkA prekSaNa (Observation) evaM maukhika parIkSA ke rUpa meM hogA jisameM bAlaka, adhyApaka evaM parivIkSaka apanA sva-mUlyAMkana kara skeNge| - anaupacArika zikSA kAryakrama bhArata meM apekSAkRta nayA hai| isake garbha meM aneka saMbhAvanAe~ chipI huI haiN| lagana tathA sUjha-bUjha se naye kSetroM meM isake sAtha prayoga kiye jAne caahie| isakA Ayojana evaM niyojana eka jaTila evaM gurutara dAyitva kA kArya hai / ataH yaha Avazyaka hai ki jo loga anaupacArika zikSA meM kArya kareM ve isake vibhinna kAryakramoM para gaura kareM tathA unheM deza ko AvazyakatAoM se jor3ane kA prayAsa kareM, tabhI isakI saphalatA kI kAmanA kI jA sakatI hai| xxxxxxx xxxxxxx X X X X X xxxxx suvacana sIsaM jahA sarIrassa jahA mUlaM dumassa ya / savvassa sAhu dhammassa tahA jhANaM vidhIyate / -isibhAsiyAI 22 / 13 jaise zarIra meM mastaka, tathA vRkSa ke lie usakA mUla--jar3a mahattvapUrNa hai, vaise hI Atma-darzana ke lie dhyAna mahattvapUrNa hai| xxxxx X X X X X xxxxxxx xxxxxxx