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________________ amRtacandra aura kASThA saMgha siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI rAyacandra zAstramAlA, bambaI, se prakAzita 'pravacanasAra' ke anta meM 'prazasti' zIrSaka se eka prazasti mudrita hai / yaha prazasti amRtacandra kI TIkA ke pazcAt mudrita hai| isameM vi0 saM0 1466 tathA gopAdri (gvAliyara) ke devAlaya ke ullekhapUrvaka kASThA saMgha mAthurAnvaya ke muniyoM kI paramparA kA varNana hai / isa prazasti ke pazcAt jayasenAnArya kI prazasti hai, jo pravacanasAra ke dUsare TIkAkAra haiN| usa prazasti kA zIrSaka hai : TIkAkArasya prazastiH / arthAt yaha prazasti TIkAkAra jayasena kI hai| isa meM unheM mUla saMgha kA likhA hai| kintu ukta lekhaka-prazasti ke isI AdhAra para amRtacandra ko kASThA saMgha kA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / vaha to pravacanasAra kI prati likhAne vAle ko prazasti hai| vaha kASThA saMghI the| kintu isa bAdarAyaNa sambandha se amRtacandra kASThAsaMghI nahIM kahe jA sakate / zrI nAthUrAma jI premI ne 'amRtacandra' zIrSaka apane lekha meM likhA hai ki meghavijaya gaNi ne apane 'yuktiprabodha' grantha meM amatacandra ke nAma se kaI padya uddhRta kiye haiM unameM do prAkRta ke haiN| 1. yaduvAca amRtacandraH savve bhAvo jamhA paccakkhAI paretti NAdUNa / tamhA paccakkhANaM NANaM NiyamA muNeyavvaM // 2. zrAvakAcAre amRtacandro'pyAha saMgho kovi na tArai kaTTho mUlo naheva Nippiccho / appA tArai appA tamhA appA du jhAyanvo // inameM se prathama gAthA to samayasAra kI 34 vIM gAthA hai / aura dUsarI gAthA DhADhasI gAthA nAmaka grantha kI hai| yaha DhADhasI gAthA mANikacandra granthamAlA bambaI se prakAzita tattvAnuzAsanAdi-saMgraha meM mudrita hai / isameM 38 gAthAe~ haiM / Upara chapA hai 'ajJAtanAma kASThAsaMgha muktaacaarykRtaa|' arthAt yaha kisI kASThAsaMghI AcArya kI kRti hai| isakI eka gAthA ko meghavijaya gaNi amRtacandra ke nAma se uddhRta karate haiM / ata: jaise lekhaka-prazasti ke AdhAra para amRtacandra ko kASThA-saMgha kA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, usI prakAra meghavijaya gaNi ke ullekha ke AdhAra para bhI unheM kASThA saMgha kA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| darzanasAra ke racayitA devasenAcArya ne kASThAsaMghI mAthura saMgha ko jainAbhAsoM meM ginAyA hai| unhoMne kASThAsaMgha kI mAnyatAeM isa prakAra batalAI haiM itthINa puNa dikkhA khullayaloyassa vIracariyattaM / kakkasa kesaggahaNaM Tragha aNavvadaM NAma // arthAt ve striyoM ko dIkSA dete the / kSullakoM kI vIracaryA mAnate the, Adi / yahAM yaha batalA denA ucita hogA ki isa saMgha meM aneka AcArya aura granthakAra hue haiM kintu strI-dIkSA Adi kI carcA kisI meM nahIM hai| sva. premIjI ne 'amitagati' zIrSaka lekha meM isa para vistAra me prakAza DAlA hai| yahA~ isakI carcA karane kA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki amRtacandra jI aura jayasena jI kI TIkA ke AdhArabhUta granthoM kI gAthAoM kI saMkhyA meM antara hai / amRtacandra jI ne aneka gAthAoM ko, jina para jayasena jI ne TIkA racI hai, mAnya nahIM kiyA hai| yahAM yaha bhI spaSTa kara denA ucita hogA ki kundakundatrayI ke prathama TIkAkAra amRtacandra haiM, unase lagabhaga do-DhAI sau varSa pazcAt jayasena jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti 36
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________________ hue haiN| pravacanasAra ke cAritrAdhikAra meM gAthA 24 aura 25 ke bIca kucha gAthAe~ jayasenAcArya kI TIkA meM haiM jinameM strI ke saMyama kA niSedha kiyA hai| unapara amRtacandra kI TIkA nahIM hai / isa para se aisI kalpanA kI jA sakatI haiM ki cUMki kASThA saMgha strI-dIkSA kA pakSapAtI hai aura amRtacandra kASThAsaMghI the, isIse unhoMne unapara TIkA nahIM rcii| kintu hameM isa kalpanA meM kucha sAra pratIta nahIM hotA; kyoMki amRtacandra jI ne kundakunda ke dvArA pratipAdita sAdhu ke aTThAIsa mUla guNoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| gAthA 3.16 meM kundakunda kahate haiM ki parigraha se saMbandha avazya hotA hai isIlie zramaNoM ne use chor3a diyaa| isakI TIkA meM amRtacandra likhate haiM - "parigraha sarvathA azuddhopayoga ke binA nahIM hotA hai / usakA parigraha ke sAtha sarvathA avinAbhAva saMbaMdha hai| ata: parigraha ekAnta se bandharUpa hai| isI lie bhagavanta arhantoM ne, parama zramaNoM ne svayaM hI sabhI parigraha ko pahale chodd'aa| aura isIlie dUsaroM ko bhI prathama hI saba parigraha chor3ane yogya haiN|" Age bhI pAha kI nindA ke sambandha meM jitanI gAthAeM haiM, sabapara amRtacandra kI TIkA hai| aisI sthiti meM strI-dIkSA kA pakSapAta saMbhava nahIM hai / asala meM pravacanasAra kI racanAvidhi ko dekhate hue yaha saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotA ki kundakunda strI-dIkSA ke niSedha para yahAM dasa gAthAe~ raceMge, isake kathana ke lie liMgaprAbhUta, bhAvaprAbhUta Adi rakhe gaye haiN| ata: amatacandra jaisA kundakunda kA vyAkhyAtA, jisane apanI vidvattApUrNa vyAkhyAoM ke dvArA kundakunda ke kRtirUpI prAsAdoM para kalazArohaNa kiyA hai, AcArya kundakunda kI mAnyatAoM kI avamAnanA karane vAlA nahIM ho sakatA / yadi kundakunda ke prati unakI gaharI AsthA nahIM hotI, to ve unakI kRtiyoM para itanI vizada pANDityapUrNa aura granthAnugAminI TIkAe~ na racate / avazya hI unako kundakundatrayI par3hane ke pazcAt vastutattva kI yathArthasthiti kA samyak avabodha huA hai jisase unake antaHkapATa udghATita hokara antaHkaraNa zAntarasa se Aplavita huA hai| / unako vyAkhyA kA lakSya kundakunda ke granthoM kI zAbdika vyAkhyA nahIM rahA, ve to usameM rahe nigar3ha tattva ko udghATita karake pAThaka ke sAmane rakha denA cAhate the| unakI bhASA bhI bhAva ke hI anurUpa hai| saMskRta ke sarasa praur3ha gadya aura padya meM adhyAtma kI saritA kA pravAha zAnta dhIra gati meM pravAhita hotA huA usameM avagAhana karane vAle suvijJa pAThaka ko bhI apane sAtha pravAhita kara letA hai aura suvijJa pAThaka bhI usameM nimagna hokara apane bAhya rUpa ko bhUla svAnubhUti se AplAvita ho jAtA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki kundakunda kI racanA prAkRta meM hokara bhI durUha nahIM hai| unhoMne bahuta hI sarala zabdoM meM apanI bAta kahI hai / kintu amatacandra kI bhASAzailI durUha hai / saMskRta bhASA kA praur3ha paNDita hI usameM praveza karane kA sAhasa kara sakatA hai| kintu saMskRta bhASA kA praur3ha paMDita hokara bhI yadi vaha anekAnta tattva kI bArIkiyoM se suparicita nahIM hai to bhI usake hAtha kucha nahIM laga sakatA / amRtacandra kA apane viSaya para pUrNa adhikAra hai / ve anekAnta tattva ke adhikArI vidvAna haiM aura usake prayoga meM atyanta kuzala haiN| DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne rAyacandra zAstramAlA, bambaI se prakAzita pravacanasAra kI apanI vidvattApUrNa aMgrejI praratAnA(T* 64) meM bhI ukta carcA kI hai aura usake anta meM likhA hai--- "yadi meghavijaya jI kA kathana prAmANika hai to amRtacandra kASThA saMgha ke ho sakate haiM / aura yadi ve kASThAsaMgha ke haiM, to unake dvArA prayukta kucha zabdoM aura vAkyAMzoM tathA kundakunda ke granthoM meM se kucha prAmANika gAthAoM kI unakI TIkAoM meM na pAye jAne para suvidhApUrvaka prakAza DAlA jA sakatA hai / kintu yaha saba mAtra anumAna para nirbhara hai|" ___ yahA~ yaha batalA denA ucita hogA ki amRtacandra kI TokAoM se jayasena kI TIkAoM meM upalabdha gAthAoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai| amatacandra kI TIkA ke anusAra paJcAstikAya, pravacanasAra aura samayasAra kI gAthA-saMkhyA kramazaH 173, 275 aura 415 hai| kintu jayasena kI TIkA ke anusAra kramaza: 181, 311 aura 436 hai| yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita hogA ki amRtacandra kundakunda ke Adya TIkAkAra haiM aura jayasena ne unakI TIkAoM ko AdhAra banAkara hI apanI TIkAe~ likhI haiM / tathA donoM ke madhya meM kama se kama eka zatAbdI kA antarAla avazya rahA hai| dUsarI ullekhanIya bAta yaha hai ki amatacandra ne apanI TIkAoM meM granthakAra kundakunda kA koI nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai / unhoMne granthakAra ke lie paJcAstikAya kI TIkA ke anta meM 'athaiva zAstrakAraH' ityAdi likhate hue zAstrakAra zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isase aisA sandeha hotA hai ki jo pratiyAM unheM prApta huI unameM kundakunda kA nAma na hogaa| kundakunda ne svayaM to apanI kRtiyoM meM apanA nAma diyA nahIM hai / tathA una granthoM se hI prabhApita hokara amRtacandra ne unakI TIkA likhI hogii| anyathA jina racanAoM ne unheM unakI itanI sundara vidvattApUrNa TIkAe~ likhane ke lie prerita kiyA, una racanAoM ke kartA kA nAmollekha taka na karanA saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| kandakanda ne apane granthoM meM jisa adhyAtma kA pratipAdana kiyA hai vaha anyatra nahIM miltaa| ata: amatacandra ne use kundakanda ke granthoM meM hI pAyA hogaa| use pAkara vaha itane prabhAvita hue ki usa para unhoMne aise TIkA-grantha likhe, mAno ve 'usa viSaya ke AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ gahare abhyAsI aura atyanta niSNAta vidvAn' haiM / unakI TIkAoM ne kundakunda ke prAbhRtatraya ko camakA diyA hai / kundakunda ke dvArA Aropita, adhyAtmarUpI vRkSa ko siJcita karake puSpita karane kA kAma amatacandra ne hI kiyA hai| unhoMne pratyeka gAthA para jo bhASya likhA hai vaha sarvathA AgamAnukala hai aura gAthA ke hArda ko spaSTa karane vAlA hai| nizcaya aura vyavahAra kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAte hue unake pArasparika virodha ko miTAne ke lie unakA eka sUtrarUpa kalaza hI isakA udAharaNa hai ubhayanayavirodhadhvaMsini syAtpadAGka ___jinavacasi ramante ye svayaM vaantmohaaH| sapadi samayasAraM te paraM jyotirucca ranavamanayapakSAkSuNNamIkSanta eva / / samayasAra kI TIkA meM Agata padya jo 'samayasAra-kalaza' ke nAma se khyAta haiM, samamuca meM amRta-kalaza haiN| una kalazoM meM adhyAtmarUpI amRta bharA hai| aise TIkAkAra amRtacandra ne kyoM apane TIkA-granthoM meM kundakunda kA nAmanirdeza taka nahIM kiyA, yaha cintya hai| isake sAtha hI unake TIkAgranthoM kI gAthA-saMkhyA meM jayasena ke TIkA-granthoM kI gAthA-saMkhyA se antara hone kA kAraNa bhI samajha meM nahIM aataa| santoSa ke lie yahI mAnanA par3atA hai ki unheM jo pratiyAM prApta huI, unameM itanI hI gAthAe~ rahI hoNgii| kintu isa para se yaha jijJAsA honA svAbhAvika hai ki jayasena ke sammukha amRtacandra kI TIkA ke rahate hue bhI adhika gAthAeM unheM kahA~ se prApta ho gaI? aura isa para se yaha sandeha bhI ho sakatA hai ki unheM amRtacandra ne kyA jAnabUjhakara chor3a diyA? aura yadi aisA kiyA to kyoM kiyA? pravacanasAra ke tIsare cAritrAdhikAra meM gAthA 24 ke bAda gyAraha gAthAe~ striyoM ke muktiniSedha se sambaddha haiM jo jayasena kI TIkA meM pAyI jAtI haiM kintu amRtacandra kI TIkA meM nahIM haiM / DA0 upAdhye ne apanI prastAvanA meM jo yaha likhA hai ki yadi amRtacandra kASThAsaMghI haiM to kucha gAthAoM ke unakI TIkA meM na pAye jAne para suvidhApUrvaka prakAza DAlA jA sakatA hai / isameM unakA saMketa ukta gAthAoM kI ora pratIta hotA hai kyoMki devasena ke darzanasAra ke anusAra kASThAsaMgha strI-dIkSA ko svIkAra karatA hai| kintu kASThA saMdha strI-mukti mAnatA thA, isakA kahIM se bhI samarthana nahIM hotA / ata: amRtacandra kI TIkA meM ukta gAthAoM ke na pAye jAne se yaha kalpanA karanA ucita nahIM hai ki vaha kASThAsaMdhI the yA strI-mukti mAnate the| DA0 upAdhye ne likhA hai, "merA anumAna hai ki amRtacandra ati AdhyAtmika the aura vaha sAmpradAyika vAda-vivAda meM paDanA pasanda nahIM karate the| tathA sambhavatayA vaha apanI TIkA ko AcArya kandakunda ke utkRSTa mantavyoM ko lekara aisI banAnA cAhate the jo saba sampradAyoM ko svIkAra ho aura tIkSNa sAmpradAyika AkramaNoM se achutI ho (prava. prastA0, pa051) apanI prastAvanA TippaNa pA~ca (10 51) meM amRtacandra ke zvetAmbara hone kI saMbhAvanA kA nirAkaraNa karate hue DA0 upAdhye ne likhA hai : "amRtacandra aTThAIsa mUlaguNa svIkArate haiM jinameM eka nagnatA bhI hai / vaha pravacanasAra (3/gAthA 4,6,25) meM Aye sAdha ke jahajAda rUva' (nagna-pada) ko svIkArate haiM tathA apane tattvArthasAra meM viparIta mithyAtva kA svarUpa batalAte hue likhate haiM sagrantho'pi ca nirgrantho grAsAhArI ca kevalI / rucirevavidhA yatra viparItaM hi tat smRtam // "jahAM sagrantha ko nimrantha aura kevalI ko grAsAhArI mAnA jAtA hai, yaha viparIta mithyAtva hai|" ukta donoM bAteM zvetAmbara mAnate haiN| ataH amRtacandra ke mata se ve 'viparIta mithyAdRSTi' haiN| hamAre mata se pravacanasAra jaise kramabaddha dArzanika grantha meM kundakanda jaise siddhahasta granthakAra strI-dIkSA ke virodha meM itanI gAthAe~ nahIM likha sakate / liMgapAhuDa evaM bhAvapAhuDa Adi meM bhI unhoMne bahuta santulita zabdoM meM hI savastra mukti aura strI-mukti ke virodha meM likhA hai| unake prAbhUtatraya ratnatraya haiM, ataH ratnoM ke pArakhI amRtacandra ne bhI prAJjala TIkA kI AbhA se una ratnoM ko aisA camakA diyA ki vismRta-jese kundakunda jainAkAza meM sUrya kI taraha prakAzita ho utthe| yadi amRtacandra ne apanI TIkAe~ na racI hotI, to kauna kaha sakatA hai ki kundakunda eka hajAra varSa kI taraha Age bhI vismRti ke garta meM na par3e rahate ? amatacandra kI TIkA se prabhAvita hokara hI jayasena ne bhI tInoM prAbhUtoM para apanI TIkAe~ likhiiN| aura jayasena kI saMskRta TIkAoM se prabhAvita hokara bAlacandra ne kanar3I meM TIkA likhii| aura isa taraha kundakunda ke adhyAtma kI triveNI sarvatra pravAhita ho gii| isakA mukhya dheya amatacandrako hI prApta hotA hai| jaina itihAsa, kalA aura saMskRti