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________________ akalaGkagranthatraya : eka anucintana * DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina, vArANasI oN0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya dvArA sampAdita vividha prAcIna granthoMkI zRGkhalAmeM AcArya bhaTTAkalaGkadeva dvArA racita laghIyastraya, nyAyavinizcaya aura pramANasaMgraha-ina tIna granthoMko saMkalita kara 'akalaGkagranthatrayama' ke nAmase sampAdita kiyA gayA hai, jo siMghI jaina jJAnapITha kalakattA dvArA siMghI jaina granthamAlAke bArahaveM puSpake rUpameM san 1939 meM prakAzita huA hai / Ajase lagabhaga chappana varSa pUrva prakAzita vistRta prastAvanA, vividha TippaNiyoM, pATha bhedoM evaM aneka pariziSToMse alaMkRta prastuta grantha Aja bhI utanA hI prAmANika, upayogI evaM kAryakArI hai, jitanA itaH pUrva rahA hai / ukta granthatrayake kartA bhaTTAkalaGdeva jainadarzanake eka mahAna jyotirdhara AcArya the / yadi ve svAmI samantabhadrake upajJa siddhAntoMke upasthApaka, samarthaka, vivecaka aura prasAraka the to samprati IsAkI isa bIsavIM zatAbdImeM DaoN0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya svAmI samantabhadra aura bhaTTAkaladeva ina donoM AcAryoM ke dvArA racita granthoMke uddhArakartA tathA hindI bhASAmeM tulanAtmaka adhyayanake mAdhyamase dArzanika jagatke samakSa ukta donoMke siddhAntoM vicAroMke prastotA haiN| DaoN. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcAryane 'akalaGkagrantha trayam' para likhI gaI apanI hindI prastAvanAko sarvaprathama do bhAgoMmeM vibhAjita kiyA hai-granthakAra aura grantha / granthakAra akalaGkadevakI janmabhUmi evaM pitakUla para vicAra kiyA hai| sAtha hI unake sthiti kAla para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| unake dvArA kAla nirNayakI paddhati bahuta hI yuktiyukta kiMvA tarkasaMgata hai / ataH bhaTTAkalaGkadevakA samaya san 720 ke pahale nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / isa kramameM unhoMne bhaTTAkalaGkadevake granthoMkI tulanA aneka vaidika dArzanikoM ke sAtha kI hai| yahI paddhati unhoMne nyAyakUmadacandra, prameyakamalamArtaNDa aura siddhivinizcaya Adi granthoMkI prastAvanAoM meM bhI apanAI hai| prastuta 'akalaGkagranthatrayam' meM bhaTTAkalaGkadevako tIna maulika kRtiyoM-laghIyastraya, nyAyavinizcaya aura pramANasaMgrahakA vaijJAnika paddhatise sampAdana hokara prathama bAra prakAzana huA hai / hA~, itaH pUrva laghIyastraya kI mAtra malakArioM ke sAtha abhayacandra kRta vRti avazya prakAzita huI hai| kintu prastuta grantha trayameM laghIyastrayako malakArikAe~ to hai hI, sAtha hI unapara svopajJa vivRtti bhI prakAzita hai / laghIyastraya para AcArya prabhAcandra dvArA likhI gaI aThAraha hajAra zloka pramANa nyAyakumudacandra TIkAse utthAna vAkya canakara diye hai| isI prakAra nyAyavinizcaya meM vAdirAjasUri viracita bIsa hajAra zloka pramANa nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNase liye haiN| pramANasaMgrahakI prAcIna TIkA upalabdha na honese use jyoMkA tyoM madrita kiyA hai| kahIM-kahIM Adya bhAgase kArikAMzako chA~Takara brekeTameM de diyA gayA hai| kisI bhI TIkA yA bhASyase mala kArikAko nikAla lenA bahuta bar3e parizrama evaM sAhasakI bAta hai, jise DaoN0 mahendra kumAra nyAyAcAryane sampanna kiyA hai / yaha unakI sphUrta pratibhAkA eka utkRSTa pakSa hai| DaoN sA0 ne laghIyastrayako akalaGkakartRka siddha karane hetu jisa paddhatikA prayoga kiyA hai, vaha ati spa hai| granthake Antarika sAkSyoMko to unhoMne grahaNa kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI anya paravartI granthakAroM data laghIyastrayakI kArikAoMke uddharaNoMko akalaGkadevake nAmollekha pUrvaka jahA~-jahA~ grahaNa kiyA
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________________ 3 / kRtiyoko samIkSAe~ : 35 gayA hai, una uddharaNoMko bhI vibhinna granthoMse saMkalita kara apane kathanakI puSTi kI hai| isI prakAra antarbAhya sAkSyoMke dvArA nyAyavinizcaya aura pramANasaMgrahake akalaGkakartRka honekI puSTi evaM samarthana kiyA hai, jisase DaoN0 sA0 ke alpAyumeM hI vividha sampradAyoMke zAstroMke pArAyaNa karanekI jAnakArI milatI hai / ve jisa granthakA adhyayana karate the usameM unakI zodha-khoja dRSTi satat banI rahatI thii| ve granthakA mAtra vAcana hI nahIM karate the, apitu sampUrNa granthakI zalyakriyA karake use pUrNataH AtmasAt kara lete the| paNDitajIne pahale granthatrayakA saMkSepameM sAmAnya paricaya diyA hai / tatpazcAt unake viSaya para eka sAtha vicAra kiyA hai| isase AcArya akalaGkadevake etadviSayaka vivecanakA samaveta rUpameM hama sabhIko jJAna ho jAtA hai| isa granthakI sampAdana kalAkA sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai isa granthakI prastAvanAke antargata suprasiddha prAcIna jainetara pramakha dArzanika granthakAroMke granthoM aura viSayoMse AcArya akalaMkake granthoMkA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / yahA~ mukhyataH bhartRhari, kumArila, dharmakIrti, prabhAkaragupta, karNakagomi, dharmakIrtike yazasvI TIkAkAra dharmottara, zAntarakSita Adi aneka granthakAroMse AcArya akalaMkadevakA tulanAtmaka, samIkSAtmaka aura vivecanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai jo paraspara AdAna-pradAna, yogadAna evaM prabhAva Adi dRSTiyoMse adhyayana hetu ati mahattvapUrNa hai| grantha trayake nAmakA itihAsa tathA unakA paricaya prastuta karate hue paM0 jIne prathama granthake paricayameM svayaM likhA hai ki "laghIyastraya nAmase mAlama hotA hai ki yaha choTe-choTe tIna prakaraNoMkA eka saMgraha hai| grantha banAte samaya akalaMkadevako 'laghIyastraya' nAmakI kalpanA nahIM thii| unake manameM to diGnAgake nyAyapraveza jaisA eka jainanyAyapraveza banAne kI bAta ghUma rahI thii| laghIyastrayake paricchedoMkA pravezarUpase vibhAjana to nyAyapravezako AdhAra mAnanekI kalpanAkA spaSTa samarthana karatA hai / "mujhe aisA lagatA ki yaha sUjha anantavIrya AcArya kI hai, kyoMki laghIyastraya nAmakA sabase purAnA ullekha siddhivinizcayaTIkAmeM milatA hai / laghIyastrayake isI saMskaraNake AdhAra para isakA hindI anuvAda siddhAntAcArya paM0 kailAzacaMdajI dvArA kucha varSa pUrva kiyA gayA, jo zrI gaNeza varNI di0 jaina saMsthAna nariyA, vArANasI se zIghra prakAzita ho rahA hai| dvitIya grantha "nyAyavinizcaya" hai| isakA nAma dharmakIrtike gadyapadyamaya "pramANavinizcaya" kA anukaraNa lagatA hai / nyAyavinizcayameM pratyakSa, anumAna aura pravacana-nAmake tIna prastAva hai| ataH saMbhava hai ki akalaMkake lie viSayakI pasaMdagImeM tathA prastAvake vibhAjanameM A0 siddhasena kRta nyAyAvatAra preraka ho aura isIlie unhoMne nyAvatArake 'nyAya' ke sAtha 'pramANavinizcaya' ke 'vinizcaya' kA mela baiThAkara nyAyavinizcaya nAma rakhA ho| ___laghIyastrayameM tRtIya grantha 'pramANasaMgraha hai| isakI bhASA vizeSakara viSaya to atyanta jaTila tathA kaThinatAse samajhane lAyaka prameya-bahula grantha hai| isakI praur3ha zailIse jJAta hotA hai ki yaha inakI antima kRti hai. jisameM inhoMne apane yAvat avaziSTa vicAroMke likhanekA prayAsa kiyA hai, isIlie pramANoM-yuktiyoMkA saMgraha-rUpa yaha grantha itanA gahana ho gayA hai / paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavIke anusAra isa granthakA nAma diGnAmake pramANasamaccaya tathA zAntarakSitake tattvasaMgrahakA smaraNa dilAtA hai| kintu paM0 mahendrakumArajIke anusAra tattvasaMgrahake pahile bhI prazastapAda bhASyakA "padArthasaMgraha" nAma pracalita rahA hai| saMbhava hai ki saMgrahAnta nAma para isakA bhI kucha prabhAva ho /
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________________ 36 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha isa taraha laghIyastrayameM saMgrahIta tInoM grantha apane nAma ko sArthaka karate haiN| jinakA prastuta prAmANika sampAdana kArya paM. jIne vaijJAnika vidhise kiyA hai| vastutaH A0 akalaMkadevake granthoMkA isa rUpa meM sampAdana karanA koI sAdhAraNa kArya nahIM hai| isake lie paM0 jIko jaina evaM jainetara aneka prAcIna granthoM aura granthakAroMkA gahana adhyayana, manana aura tulanAtmaka vivecana karanA par3A / A0 akalaMkadevake sAhitya aura usameM pratipAdya viSayoMke talasparzI jJAnake binA aisA saphala sampAdana asambhava kArya thA kintu unake isa kAryameM saphalatAse yahI siddha hotA hai ki paM0 mahendrakumArajI bhI usa mahAna virAsatake sacce praharI the / kyoMki AcArya akalaMkadeva jaba Agamika viSaya para kalama uThAte haiM taba unake lekhanakI saralatA, vizadatA evaM prasAda guNakA pravAha pAThakako par3hane Ubane nahIM detA / rAjavAtikakI prasanna racanA isakA apratima udAharaNa hai| parantu jaba vahI akalaMka tArkika viSayoM para likhate haiM taba ve utane hI duruha bana jAte hai / yahA~ inake pramANa vivecanakA viSaya prastuta hai pramANake bhedoMke prasaGgameM AcArya akalaGkadevake dRSTikoNako spaSTa karate huye DaoN0 sA0 ne usake bhedoMko jisa paddhatise prastuta kiyA hai usakA eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai| unhoMne apanI prastAvanA (pR0 48) meM likhA hai ki "pratyakSake do bheda hai-1. sAMvyavahArika, 2. mukhya / sAMvyavahArika pratyakSake do bheda1. indriya pratyakSa, 2. anindriya pratyakSa / indriya pratyakSa-avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNAdi jJAna / anindriya pratyakSa-zabda yojanAse pahale avasthA vAle smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha jJAna / " isIko spaSTa karate huye paNDitajI likhate haiM-hA~ ! isameM smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodhako zabda yojanAke pahale atIndriya pratyakSa kahA hai use kisI bhI anya AcAryane svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unheM sarvAMzameM arthAt zabda yojanAke pUrva aura pazcAta-donoM avasthAoMmeM parokSa hI kahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya prabhAcandrane laghIyastrayakI 'jJAnamAdyaM' kArikAkA yaha artha kiyA hai ki-mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha jJAna zabda yojanAke pahale aura zabda yojanAke bAda donoM avasthAoM meM zru ta hai arthAt parokSa hai|" Age mukhya pratyakSakA svarUpa likhA hai ki-"indriya aura manakI apekSAke binA, atIndriya, vyavasAyAtmaka, vizada, satya, avyavahita, alaukika, azeSa padArthoMko viSaya karane vAle akrama jJAnako makhya pratyakSa kahate haiN|" DaoN0 sA0 ne sarvajJatA para vistArase vicAra kiyA hai| sarvaprathama unhoMne kumArilake matakI samIkSA kI hai| isa samIkSAse paM0 jIke jaina-bauddhadarzanake atirikta vaidika darzanake mUlabhUta granthoM ke adhyayana evaM unakI samAlocanAtmaka dRSTi parilakSita hotI hai| paM0 jIne 'akala granthatrayam' kI prastAvanAke madhyameM pUrvapakSiyoM dvArA uThAye gaye aneka praznoMkA samAdhAna aisA tarka evaM Aga-sammata prastuta kiyA hai ki sAmAnya vyakti bhI use par3hakara usake hArdako samajha skegaa| Age nyAyAcAryajIne (prastAvanA 50 saM0 94 meM ) nayoM aura nayAbhAsoMkA spaSTa evaM tulanAtmaka vivecana kiyA hai| nayoMke sandarbha meM AcArya siddhasenake kathanako yuktisaMgata banAte haye ve likhate haiM kicaMki naigama naya saMkalpa mAtragrAhI hai tathA saMkalpa yA to artha ke abheda aMzako viSaya karatA hai yA bheda aNshko| isIliye abheda saMkalpI naMgamakA saMgrahanayameM tathA bheda saMkalpI naigamakA vyavahAra nayameM antarbhAva karake AcArya siddhasenane naigama nayako svatantra naya nahIM mAnA hai| inake matase saMgrahAdi chaha hI naya haiN|
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________________ 3 / kRtiyoMkI samIkSAe~ : 37 vidvAn sampAdakane yahA~ itanI acchI tulanAtmaka naya vyavasthA prastuta kI hai ki unake isa saMkSipta vivecanameM hI nayavAdakI pUrNa aura spaSTa mImAMsA ho jAtI hai aura AcArya siddhasena evaM AcArya akalaGkake mantavyoMkA bhI spaSTIkaraNa ho jAtA hai| sAta bhaMgoMkI kraya vyavasthAmeM (prastAvanA pu0 saM0 101 ) nyAyAcAryajIkA mata hai ki avaktavya mala bhaGga hai, ataH saptabhaGgoMke ullekha kramameM avaktavyakA krama tIsarA honA caahiye| apane isa mantavyake kAraNa AcArya malayagirine AcArya akalaGkake mantavyakI AlocanA kI hai, kintu zvetAmbara vidvAn upAdhyAya yazovijayane samantabhadra aura siddhasena Adike matakA samarthana kiyA hai| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcAryane kAphI manana aura cintana karake isa prastAvanAko likhA hai| jisameM na kevala jainadarzana, apitu jainetara darzanoMke mUla siddhAntoMko prastuta kara unakA samAdhAna jainadarzanake pariprekSyameM khojanekA sArthaka prayAsa kiyA hai| isa vistRta prastAvanAmeM ullikhita viSaya vastu tathA tarka evaM Agama-sammata samAdhAna prastuta karanese DaoN0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcAryakI zodha-khoja evaM samAlocanAtmaka dRSTi evaM unakA atulanIya vaiduSya mukhara huA hai| GO