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________________ ahiMsA kI sArvabhaumikatA pro0 sAgaramala jaina paripAtu vizvata:' arthAt vyakti kA yaha kartavya hai ki ve paraspara eka dUsare kI rakSA kreN| Rgveda kA yaha svara yajurveda meM aura adhika vikasita huaa| usameM kahA gayA - mitrasyAhaM cakSuSA sarvANi bhUtAni samIkSe / mitrasya cakSuSA samIkSA mahe / / - yajurveda 36.18 arthAt maiM sabhI prANiyoM ko mitravat dekhU aura ve bhI mujhe mitravat dekheM 'satveSu maitrI' kA yajurveda kA yaha udghoSa vaidika cintana meM ahiMsaka bhAvanA kA prabala pramANa hai| upaniSad kAla meM yaha ahiMsaka cetanA AdhyAtmika jIvana dRSTi ke AdhAra para pratiSThita huii| chAndogyopaniSad (3/17/4) me kahA gayAatha yattapo dAnamArjavamahiMsA satyavacanamiti tA tasya dakSiNAH / ___ arthAt isa Atma-yajJa kI dakSiNA tapa, dAna, Arjava, ahiMsA aura satya vacana hai| isI chAndogyopaniSad (8.15.1) meM spaSTata: yaha kahA gayA hai ...ahiMsan sarvabhUtAnyanyatra tIrthebhya: sa khalvevaM .. brahmalokamabhisampadyate na ca punarAvartate na ca punarAvartate / arthAt dharma tIrtha kI AjJA se anyatra prANiyoM kI hiMsA nahIM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA ke vikAsa kA itihAsa mAnavIya avadhAraNA ke vikAsa kA itihAsa mAnavIya karatA huA yaha nizcaya hI brahmaloka (mokSa) ko prApta hotA hai, sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke vikAsa ke itihAsa kA sahabhAgI rahA hai| usakA punarAgamana nahIM hotA hai, punarAgamana nahIM hotA hai| jisa deza, samAja evaM saMskRti meM mAnavIya guNoM kA jitanA vikAsa AtmopAsanA aura mokSamArga ke rUpa meM ahiMsA kI yaha pratiSThA haA, usI anupAta meM usameM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa aupaniSadika RSiyoM kI ahiMsaka cetanA kA sarvottama pramANa hai| huA hai| cAhe koI bhI dharma, samAja aura saMskRti ho, usameM vyakta vedoM aura upaniSadoM ke pazcAt smRtiyoM kA krama AtA hai| yA avyakta rUpa meM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA avazya hI pAI jAtI hai| smatiyoM meM manasmati prAcIna mAnI jAtI hai| usameM bhI aise aneka mAnava samAja meM yaha ahiMsaka cetanA svajAti evaM svadharmI se prArambha saMdarbha haiM, jo ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI puSTi karate haiN| yahA~ hama usake hokara samagra mAnava samAja, sampUrNa prANI jagata aura vaizvika kucha sandarbha prastuta kara rahe haiMparyAvaraNa ke saMrakSaNa taka vikasita huI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vizva ahiMsayaiva bhatAnAM kArya zreyo'nazAsanama / -manusmRti 2/159 meM jo bhI pramukha dharma aura dharma pravartaka Aye unhoMne kisI na kisI arthAt prANiyoM ke prati ahiMsaka AcaraNa hI zreyaskara rUpa meM ahiMsA kA saMdeza avazya diyA hai| ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA ___ anuzAsana hai| jIvana ke vividha rUpoM ke prati sammAna kI bhAvanA aura saha ahiMsayA ca bhUtAnAmamRtatvAya kalpate / --manusmRti 6/60 astitva kI vRtti para khar3I huI hai| arthAt prANiyoM ke prati ahiMsA ke bhAva se vyakti amRtapada hindUdharma meM ahiMsA (mokSa) ko prApta karatA hai| vaidika RSiyoM ne ahiMsA ke isI sahayoga aura saha-astitva ahiMsA satyamasteyaM zaucamindriyanigrahaH / ke pakSa ko mukharita karate hue yaha udghoSa kiyA thA - etaM sAmAsikaM dharmaM caturvaNye'bravInmanuH ||-mnusmRti 10/63 'sagacchadhva, savadadhva sa vA manAsi jAnatAm, samAnA matra, arthAt ahiMsA, satya, asteya, pavitratA aura indriya nigraha- ye samiti samAnI' arthAt hamArI gati, hamAre vacana, hamAre vicAra, mana ke dvArA cAroM hI vargoM ke liye sAmAnya dharma kahe gaye haiN| hamArA cintana aura hamArI kAryazailI samarUpa ho, sahabhAgI ho| mAtra hindu paramparA kI dRSTi se smRtiyoM ke pazcAt rAmAyaNa, yahI nahIM Rgveda (6.75.14) meM kahA gayA ki 'pumAna pumAMsa mahAbhArata aura purANoM kA kAla mAnA jAtA hai| mahAbhArata, gItA zikSA-eka yazasvI dazaka vidvata khaNDa/29
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________________ aura purANoM meM aise saikar3oM sandarbha haiM, jo bhAratIya manISiyoM kI ahiMsaka cetanA ke mahatvapUrNa sAkSya mAne jA sakate haiM ahiMsA sakalodharmo hiMsAdharmastathAhita / - mahAbhArata zAM. parva adhyAya 272 / 30 arthAt ahiMsA ko sampUrNa dharma aura hiMsA ko adharma kahA gayA na bhUtAnAmahiMsAyA jyAyAn dharmostathAhita / - mahAbhArata zA. parva 292 / 30 arthAt prANImAtra ke prati ahiMsA kI bhAvanA se zreSTha koI dharma nahIM hai| ahiMsA paramodharmastathAhiMsA paro damaH / ahiMsA paramaM dAnamahiMsA paramaM tapaH / / ahiMsA paramoyajJastathAhiMsA paraM phalam / ahiMsA paramaM mitramahiMsA paramaM sukham / / - mahAbhArata anuzAsana parva 116/ 28 29 arthAt ahiMsA sarvazreSThadharma hai, vahI uttama indriya nigraha hai / ahiMsA hI sarvazreSTha dAna hai, vahI uttama tapa hai / ahiMsA hI sarvazreSTha yajJa hai aura vahI paramopalabdhi hai| ahiMsA, paramamitra hai, vahI paramasukha hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vaidika evaM hindUdharma meM aise agaNita saMdarbha haiM, jo ahiMsA kI mahattA ko sthApita karate haiN| bauddha dharma meM ahiMsA mAtra yahI nahIM bhAratIya zramaNa paramparA ke pratinidhirUpa jaina evaM bauddha dharma bhI ahiMsA ke sarvAdhika himAyatI rahe haiN| bauddhadharma ke paMcazIloM, jainadharma ke paMca mahAvratoM aura yogadarzana ke paMcayamoM meM ahiMsA ko prathama sthAna diyaa| dhammapada meM bhagavAna buddha ne kahA haina tena Ariyo hoti yena pANAni hiMsati / ahiMsA savvapANAnaM ariyoti pavuccati / / dhammapada dhammaTThavagga 15 arthAt jo prANiyoM kI hiMsA karatA hai, vaha Arya (sabhya) nahIM hotA, apitu jo sarva prANiyoM ke prati ahiMsaka hotA hai, vahI Arya kahA jAtA hai| ahiMsakA ye munayo niccaM kAyena saMvRtA / te yanti accutaM ThAnaM yattha gaMtvA na socare / - dhammapada kodhavagga 5 arthAt jo muni kAyA se saMvRta hokara sadaiva ahiMsaka hote haiM, ve usa acyuta sthAna (nirvANa) ko prApta karate haiM, jise prApta karane ke pazcAt zoka nahIM rhtaa| dhammapada meM anyatra kahA gayA vidvata khaNDa / 30 nidhAya daNDaM bhUteSu tasesu thAvaresu ca / yo na hanti na ghAteti tamahaM brUmi brAhmaNaM / / arthAt jo trasa evaM sthAvara prANiyoM ko pIr3A nahIM detA hai, na unakA ghAta karatA hai aura na unakI hiMsA karatA hai, use hI maiM brAhmaNa kahatA hU~ / isa prakAra piTaka granthoM meM aise saikar3oM buddhavacana haiM, jo bauddha dharma meM ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa karate haiN| jaina dharma meM ahiMsA jainadharma meM ahiMsA ko dharma kA sAra tatva kahA gayA sambandha meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, mUlAcAra Adi aneka granthoM meM aise hajAroM ullekha haiM, jo jainadharma kI ahiMsA pradhAna jIvana dRSTi kA sampoSaNa karate haiN| isa sambandha meM Age vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| yahA~ hama mAtra do tIna sandarbha dekara apane isa kathana kI puSTi kreNge| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kahA gayA hai isa dhammo maMgalamukkiTThe ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| - dazavaikAlika 1 / 1 arthAt ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa rUpa dharma hI sarvazreSTha maMgala hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai evaM khuNANiNo sAraM jaM Na hiMsati kaMcaNa / ahiMsA samayaM ceva etAvaMtaM viyANiyA / / -sUtrakRtAMga 11 / 10 jJAnI hone kA sAra yahI hai ki kisI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karate / ahiMsA hI dharma (siddhAnta) hai- yaha jAnanA cAhiye / anyatra kahA gayA hai savve jIvA vi icchanti jIviDaM na marijjiDaM / tamhA pANavahaM ghoraM niggaMthA vajjayaMtiNaM / / arthAt sabhI sukha anukUla aura duHkha pratikUla hai| isIlie nirgrantha prANI vadha (hiMsA) kA niSedha karate haiN| sikkhadharma meM ahiMsA bhAratIya mUla ke anya dharmoM meM sikkhadharma kA bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| isa dharma ke dharmagrantha meM prathama gurU nAnakadevajI kahate haiMje rata lagge kapaDe jAmA hoe palIta / je rata pIve mAMsA tina kyoM nirmala citta / / arthAt yadi rakta ke laga jAne se vastra apavitra ho jAtA hai, to phira jo manuSya mAMsa khAte haiM yA rakta pIte haiM, unakA citta kaise nirmala yA pavitra rahegA ? anya dharmoM meM ahiMsA na kevala bhAratIya mUla ke dharmoM meM apitu bhAratIyetara yahUdI, IsAI aura islAma dharmoM meM bhI ahiMsA ke svara mukhara hue haiN| yahUdI zikSA - eka yazasvI dazaka
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________________ khaira! lar3akiyoM kI zikSA kA pratizata jo cAhe rahA ho, unakI aura aMgrejI para unakI pakar3a se behada prabhAvita haiN| meloM ke sthiti nizcita rUpa se parivartita hai| ve lar3akoM ke sAtha kadama-se- AyojakoM kA mAnanA hai ki deza kI pratibhAoM para ArakSaNa kI kadama milAkara zikSita ho rahI haiM aura kahIM-kahIM to unheM pIche par3atI mAra ne unheM videzoM kI ora bhAgane ke lie majabUra kiyA chor3akara Age nikala rahI haiN| unameM Atmabodha kA vikAsa huA hai| hai| vahA~ chAtra-chAtrAoM ko sabz2abAga nahIM dikhAye jAte balki prazikSita nArI ne vyAvasAyika yogyatAe~ arjita kI haiN| usane rojagAronmukha zikSA pradAna kI jAtI hai| vaizvIkaraNa ke daura meM Arthika svatantratA kA sukha bhogA hai| usameM nirNaya lene kA sAhasa pratibhA-palAyana kA ronA bemAnI hai| paidA huA hai| AtmarakSA ke lie jUDo-karATe ke zikSaNa ne kampyUTara ke udaya ne zikSA ke kSetra meM halacala macA dI hai| isa nipuNatApUrvaka AkrAmaka hone ke tevara bhI paidA kiye haiN| krAMtikArI ghaTanA ne saMpUrNa vizva ko eka grAma meM tabdIla kara diyA sazaktikaraNa ke daura meM saMtulita, dUradarzI evaM vivekasampanna bodha hI hai| samaya kI raphtAra ke sAtha calane ke lie 'saravAivala oNpha da nArI-chavi ko garimA pradAna karegA evaM zikSA ke naye pratimAna phAsTesTa' kI nIti ne cAhe-anacAhe kampyUTara-zikSaNa ko anivArya sthApita karane meM sazakta bhUmikA nibhaayegaa| banA diyA hai| neTavarka ke praveza ne zikSaNa-prazikSaNa kI naI praNAliyA~ ziSTAcAra meM pariNata hote bhraSTAcAra, bAjAravAda aura ArakSaNa ke IjAda kI haiN| yaha saca hai ki kampyUTara ghara baiThe alpa samaya aura bha~vara meM pha~sA vidyArthI digbhramita hai| rAjanIti meM usakA istemAla alpa zrama ke mAdhyama se asIma jJAna upalabdha karavA sakatA hai, kiyA jA rahA hai, use bhAgIdAra nahIM banAyA jA rhaa| vaha DarA-DarA, para, isake lie mazIna ke sAmane baiThane kI mAnasikatA, vyavasthA sahamA-sahamA hai, kabhI eka dizA meM daur3a rahA hai to kabhI dUsarI aura sthAna kI anukUlatA kI kavAyada se gujaranA par3atA hai| soyedizA meN| eka ke bAda eka pratispardhAtmaka parIkSAoM meM baiThatA, cAroM baiThe- kisI bhI sthiti meM pustaka kI upalabdhatA aura suvidhA kA tarapha hAtha-pA~va mAratA apane lie sthAna surakSita karanA cAhatA hai| sukha alaga hI hotA hai| manuSya aura manuSya ke bIca kahe-anakahe do-tIna taraha ke pAThyakramoM (korsez2a) kA bojha lekara calane ke jo saMvAda hotA hai vaha manuSya aura yaMtra ke bIca saMbhava nhiiN| isI kAraNa eka ke prati bhI pUrI taraha samarpita nahIM ho pAtA evaM saMdarbha meM maiM ramaze dave kA kathana uddhRta karanA cAhU~gI- "sleTa cAhe parIkSAphala manonukUla nahIM ho paataa| kociMga seMTara evaM skUla- kampyUTara ke parade meM badala jAe, kitAbeM inTaraneTa aura vebasAiToM kaoNleja kI duharI mAra jhelate hue vidyArthI kI mAnasikatA rugNa ho kA rUpa dhAraNa kara leM aura zikSaka cAhe dUradarzana yA praudyogikI jAtI hai| kabhI vaha AkrAmaka ho uThatA hai to kabhI dyniiy| kabhI saMsAdhanoM ke eMkarsa meM badala jAe~ aura mazIna, mazIna kI parAkASThA vaha zikSaka ke anupasthita hone para kakSAe~ na hone kI zikAyata bhale ho jAe, magara draSTA nahIM ho sktii| isalie manuSya kI bhUmikA karatA hai to kabhI zikSaka se guhAra lagAtA hai ki binA par3hAye hI dRSTi aura draSTA kI bhUmikA hai, vicAra aura jJAna kI bhUmikA hai| chor3a diyA jaaye| kabhI pAThyapustaka na lAne para vidyArthiyoM kA DhITha isalie AzA kI jA sakatI hai ki cAhe zikSA manuSya kA bhaviSya bane rahanA aura kabhI kisI bhI galtI para lajjita hone ke bajAya ho yA na ho, manuSya zikSA kA bhaviSya avazya hogA ("ikkIsavIM pUrI kakSA kA ThahAke lagAnA - yaha Ama dRzya hai| na jAne vidyArthI zatI meM zikSA kA bhaviSya"-sitambara 2001, vaagrth)|" svayaM para ha~sate haiM yA zikSaka pr| aura kabhI kisI zikSikA ko zikSA bahuAyAmI prakriyA hai| isameM jJAna ke sAtha zrama evaM dekhakara 'lAla char3I maidAna khar3I.....', 'o manacalI kahA~ zArIrika svAsthya ke sAtha naitika unnayana kA samanvaya Avazyaka hai| calI.....' jaise philmI gItoM kI kar3iyoM ke mAdhyama se phikare jAnakArI yA sUcanAtmaka jJAna ko hI zikSA kA paryAya na samajhakara, kasate hue ve apane dussAhasI vyaktitva kA AtaMka jamAte dekhe jIvana ke lie, jIvana ke mAdhyama se zikSA kI vyavasthA honI caahiye| jAte haiN| ucca zikSA ke bAvajUda bhI berojagArI surasA kI taraha mu~ha kyA ye saMdarbha phira gA~dhI kI ora mur3ane kA saMketa nahIM dete? bAye khar3I rahatI hai aura bahuta bAra AtaMkavAda kI rAha para le vRndAvana gArDensa calatI hai| kisI akhabAra meM eka khabara chapI thI ki bhAratIya chAtroM 98, krisTophara roDa, kolakAtA-700 046 ko lubhAne ke liye briTena ke vizvavidyAlayoM ne hAla hI meM dillI meM mele Ayojita kiye haiN| ina meloM kA uddezya hai ki briTena kI sarvazreSTha zikSA aura usakI vividhatA ko bhAratIya chAtrA ke sAmane rkhnaa| briTena ke vizvavidyAlaya bhAratIya chAtroM ke mehanatI svabhAva zikSA-eka yazasvI dazaka vidvata khaNDa/35